1.
New Hamburg, NY
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New Hamburg is a small hamlet along the Hudson River in Dutchess County, New York, best known as home of a popular marina and a busy Metro-North Railroad Hudson Line station. It is located in the corner of the Town Of Poughkeepsie. Road records of 1770 show that there were shipping facilities in New Hamburg called “Hood Landing. ”The rivermen called the point of land in the angle between the Hudson and the mouth of Wappinger Creek High Point and the area which projected into the river a few miles south Low Point. Lime burning became an important industry, dr. Benjamin Elys map of 1797 shows a lime kiln in New Hamburg. By 1800 Ephraim DuBois had settled at High Point, in 1837 he sold his property, including a lime quarry and kiln, to Adolph Brower from New York. Browers customers were local pig iron producers and farmers and builders as far away as New Jersey and he tore down the DuBois house and built his own on the same site about 1844. New Hamburg Yacht Club is now situated approximately where the Old Lime Dock was. The riverfront near the kilns was a favorite local bathing area called the Sandy Bottom Shore. ”When the railroad was built in the late 1840s. In 1808 John Drake Jr. built a bridge across Wappingers Creek, in 1879 an iron swing-bridge was erected, and continued to be known as Drakes Bridge. By 1810 John Drake had relocated to the hamlet where he had docks, a store, in the early 1820s, lumber surpassed lime kilns as a business. Charles Millard, who owned a business based in Ulster County, moved to the Landing in 1824. Since most of the lumber and log shipments were made by water, Millards son, Walter and he and a partner, Uriah Mills, built the barge Lexington, which carried freight up and down the Hudson River and the steamer Splendid, which carried both freight and passengers. In 1848–1849 a cholera epidemic swept through the community of workers and was quite fatal. The river steamer Mary Powell used to stop at New Hamburg in the morning on her way to New York, around 1860 William Shay operated a rag business on the corner of Main Street and Point Street. He would travel up Wappingers Creek to the mills in Wappingers Falls, the hamlet suffered a devastating fire on May 3,1877, involving the loss of seven buildings. The trains exploded upon impact instantly throwing people, luggage,77 people were missing or unidentified. The number of confirmed deaths was 22, some bodies were taken to Poughkeepsie for identification, others still remain below the depths of the Wappinger Creek and Hudson River. The latitude of New Hamburg is 41. 588N and it is in the Eastern Standard time zone
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Metro-North Railroad
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With an average weekday ridership of 298,900 in 2014, it is the second-busiest commuter railroad in North America in terms of annual ridership, behind its sister railroad, the Long Island Rail Road. Metro-North also provides rail service within New York City at a reduced fare. There are 124 stations on Metro-North Railroads five active lines, which operate on more than 775 miles of track, the MTA has jurisdiction, through Metro-North, over railroad lines on the western and eastern portions of the Hudson River in New York. Service on the side of the Hudson is operated by New Jersey Transit under contract with the MTA. Three lines provide service on the east side of the Hudson River to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan, the Hudson, Harlem. The Beacon Line is a line owned by Metro-North but is not in service. The Hudson and Harlem Lines terminate in Poughkeepsie and Wassaic, New York, the New Haven Line is operated through a partnership between Metro-North and the State of Connecticut. The Connecticut Department of Transportation owns the tracks and stations within Connecticut, MTA owns the tracks and stations and handles capital improvements within New York State. MTA performs routine maintenance and provides services for the entire line, its branches. New cars and locomotives are purchased in a joint agreement between MTA and ConnDOT, with the agencies paying for 33. 3% and 66. 7% of costs respectively. ConnDOT pays more because most of the line is in Connecticut, the New Haven Line has three branches in Connecticut, the New Canaan Branch, Danbury Branch and Waterbury Branch. At New Haven, the Shore Line East connecting service, run by Connecticut, Amtrak operates intercity train service along the New Haven and Hudson Lines. The New Haven Line is part of Amtraks Northeast Corridor, at New Haven, the New Haven Line connects to the Amtrak New Haven–Springfield Line. The Hudson Line connects with the Oak Point Link and is the route for freight to and from the Bronx. Freight railroads CSX, CP Rail, P&W, and Housatonic Railroad have trackage rights on sections of the system, there are two branches, the Port Jervis Line and the Pascack Valley Line. The Port Jervis Line is accessed from two New Jersey Transit lines, the Main Line and the Bergen County Line. The Port Jervis Line terminates in Port Jervis, New York, most stops for the Port Jervis and Pascack Valley Lines are in New Jersey, so New Jersey Transit provides most of the rolling stock and all the staff, Metro-North supplies some equipment. Metro-North equipment has been used on other New Jersey Transit lines on the Hoboken division, All stations west of the Hudson River in New York are owned and operated by Metro-North, except Suffern, which is owned and operated by New Jersey Transit
4.
Empire Corridor
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Amtraks Empire Service and Maple Leaf serve the entire length of this corridor, and the Maple Leaf continues to Toronto. The Metro-North Railroad Hudson Line provides commuter service between Poughkeepsie, New York and Grand Central Terminal. The corridor is one of ten federally designated high-speed rail corridors in the United States. If the proposed high-speed service were built on the corridor, trains traveling between Buffalo and New York City would travel at speeds of up to 125 mph. In the 1890s service on the Empire State Express service between New York City and Buffalo was about 1 hour faster than Amtraks service in 2013. On September 14,1891 the Empire State Express covered the 436 miles between New York City and Buffalo in 7 hours and 6 minutes, averaging 61.4 mph, the Empire Corridor is largely owned by CSX Transportation, which owns the trackage between Niagara Falls and Poughkeepsie. South of Poughkeepsie, Metro-North owns the trackage to Yonkers, from which Amtrak owns the trackage into Pennsylvania Station, on October 18,2011, Amtrak and CSX announced an agreement for Amtrak to lease, operate and maintain the CSX-owned trackage between Poughkeepsie and Schenectady. Amtrak officially assumed control of the line on December 1,2012, the busiest segment of the Empire Corridor is between New York City and Albany with multiple trains per day. The following trains operate along the segments of the corridor, Empire Service. Most trains operate along the segment between New York and Rensselaer, with two trains in each direction continuing west to Niagara. Ethan Allen Express, three trains in each direction daily from New York City to Rutland, splitting from the corridor in Rensselaer, adirondack, New York City to Central Station, splitting from the corridor in Rensselaer. Lake Shore Limited- New York City to Chicago, splitting from the corridor at Depew (though half of the train splits off in Rensselaer to continue east to Boston, Maple Leaf- daily from New York City to Toronto, operating on the entire corridor. Metro-North Railroad Hudson Line, from Poughkeepsie, New York to Grand Central Terminal, New York Freight service is provided by CSX Transportation
5.
Hudson Line (Metro-North)
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Metro-North Railroads Hudson Line is a commuter rail line running north from New York City along the east shore of the Hudson River. Metro-North service ends at Poughkeepsie, with Amtraks Empire Corridor trains continuing north to, the line was originally the Hudson River Railroad, and later part of the famous Water Level Route of the New York Central Railroad. The Croton–Harmon station divides the line into two distinct segments, south of there, the line is electrified with third rail, serving suburban stations located relatively close together. Most of the zone has four tracks, usually two express and local tracks in each direction. For a few miles in the Bronx there are two or three tracks. Local service is provided by electric trains, while diesel trains run express. North of Croton–Harmon, the line is not electrified and is mostly double-tracked, service between Croton–Harmon and Poughkeepsie is provided by diesel trains, these generally run express and skip most of the lower stations. From just north of Spuyten Duyvil to the end of the line, the Hudson line was built by the Hudson River Railroad in 1851 as an extension to the Troy and Greenbush Railroad connecting Troy and Albany in the capital region. Cornelius Vanderbilt purchased the Hudson River Railroad in 1864 and merged it in 1869 with other short line railroads that Vanderbilt also owned including the New York and these two merged railroads were named the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad. It was renamed the New York Central Railroad in 1914, the New York Central operated many intercity and commuter trains over this line for many years. It was a key route in connecting Grand Central Terminal in New York to LaSalle Street Station in Chicago, commuter service along the line was offered as far north as Albany Union Station, with 121 trains serving Albany per day during the NYCs peak years. At the end of the world war, private rail service began a sharp decline with the start of the Jet Age. The New York Central began losing money on almost all commuter, the railroad continued to lose money however. This however was denied, preserving Grand Central, in 1971 the National Railroad Passenger Corporation took over all intercity passenger service in the US. Penn Central continued to operate freight and commuter service along the Hudson line until it was folded into Conrail in 1976, Conrail operated commuter service to Albany until it abandoned service north of Poughkeepsie in 1981. In 1983, the MTA Metro-North Railroad took control of all operations in the Hudson Valley. In 2009 a new station was opened at East 153rd Street in the Bronx and it sees regular service on the Hudson Line, plus special service from the Hudson, Harlem, and New Haven Lines for New York Yankees games. On December 1,2013, a train derailed near the Spuyten Duyvil station in the Bronx
6.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks
7.
Grand Central Terminal
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Grand Central Terminal is a commuter, rapid transit railroad terminal at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. Its platforms, all ground, serve 41 tracks on the upper level and 26 on the lower, though the total number of tracks along platforms. The terminal serves commuters traveling on the Metro-North Railroad to Westchester, Putnam, until 1991, the terminal served Amtrak, which moved to nearby Pennsylvania Station upon completion of the Empire Connection. The East Side Access project is underway to bring Long Island Rail Road service to the terminal, Grand Central Terminal has intricate designs both on its inside and outside. In addition, it contains a vast interior main concourse, the terminal is one of the worlds most visited tourist attractions, with 21.9 million visitors in 2013. Unlike other Metro-North stations, Grand Central Terminal is not owned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Grand Central Station is the name of the nearby U. S. Post Office station at 450 Lexington Avenue, but may refer to the Grand Central – 42nd Street subway station that is located next to the terminal. The tracks are numbered according to their location in the terminal building, the upper-level tracks are numbered 11 to 42 east to west. Tracks 22 and 31 were removed in the late 1990s to build concourses for Grand Central North, Track 12 was removed to expand the platform between tracks 11 and 13 and track 14 is only used for loading a garbage train. The lower level has 27 tracks, numbered 100 to 126, east to west, currently, only tracks 102–112, odd-numbered tracks are usually on the east side of the platform, even-numbered tracks on the west. Grand Central Terminal has both monumental spaces and meticulously crafted detail, especially on its facade, in a February 2013 BBC News article, historian David Cannadine described it as one of the most majestic buildings of the twentieth century. In 2013, Grand Central Terminal hosted 21.6 million visitors, among them are chain stores, including a Starbucks coffee shop, a Rite Aid pharmacy and, as of December 2011, an Apple Store. Other chain restaurants include a Shake Shack, Grand Central Terminals 49-acre basements are among the largest in the city. This includes M42, a secret sub-basement under the terminal that contains the AC to DC converters used to supply DC traction current to the tracks. The exact location of M42 is a guarded secret and does not appear on maps, though it has been shown on the History Channel program Cities of the Underworld. Two of the rotary converters were not removed in the late 20th century when solid-state ones took over their job. During World War II, this facility was closely guarded because its sabotage would have impaired troop movement on the Eastern Seaboard. It is said that any unauthorized person entering the facility during the war risked being shot on sight, abwehr sent two spies to sabotage it, they were arrested by the FBI before they could strike
8.
Poughkeepsie station
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The Poughkeepsie Metro-North Railroad station serves Poughkeepsie, New York and surrounding areas as the north end of the Hudson Line. It is also served by many Amtrak trains, which continue north to Albany, Syracuse, Montreal, Buffalo, trains leave for New York every hour on weekdays, and about every 25 minutes during rush hour. It is 73.5 miles from Grand Central Terminal and travel time to Grand Central is about one hour,46 minutes, Poughkeepsie is 8.5 miles from New Hamburg, the next station to the south. This is the longest distance between stations on the Hudson Line, the longest on any Metro-North main line, and the third longest on the entire system, built in 1918, the main station building is meant to be a much smaller version of Grand Central. It was a source of pride when it opened. In 1976 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, it and its five-bay facade features sculptured masonry designs over the five high arched windows. To the west, a 420x15-foot steel-frame overhead walkway provides access to the tracks via stairs and elevators, today it continues westward to provides access to the adjacent parking garage. At the time of the construction, it served the businesses along Main Street. The waiting room, modeled on Grand Central Terminal, is a high gallery lit during daylight by the windows, the 14 benches within are also original finished chestnut pieces. The walls are paneled in wood to eight feet, after which the stone shows all the way to the cornice. More original woodwork, the stained walnut rafters, is present in the ceiling, possibly modeled after a design in San Miniato al Monte. The northernmost MTA Police substation is adjacent to the station as well, as of August 2006, daily commuter ridership was 1,633 and there were 1,101 parking spots. There are five tracks at the level, enough to accommodate Amtrak and Metro-North stops simultaneously. The fourth and easternmost has a speed limit and is used mainly for non-revenue maintenance trains or those experiencing difficulties. In the late 1960s the North-South Arterial was built and elevated immediately to the stations east, somewhat isolating it from the rest of the city. Traffic going along the expressway gets a view of the station, and it. This station has two platforms each six cars long. The first Poughkeepsie station was built in 1850 as what became the New York Central Railroads Water Level Route worked its way up the Hudson River
Dutchess County Public Transit: New Hamburg RailLink
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Media related to New Hamburg (Metro-North station) at Wikimedia Commons