1.
New Jersey's 5th congressional district
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New Jerseys Fifth Congressional District is represented by Democrat Josh Gottheimer. Garrett defeated Democrat Paul Aronsohn and independent candidate R. Matthew Fretz 55%-44% in the United States general elections,2006, Gottheimer defeated Garrett in the 2016 general election, making Garrett the only one of the states 12 incumbents to lose his seat. The redrawn New Jerseys Fifth Congressional District is predominantly rural in area, the district is an L-shaped district comprising the rural northern and western parts of New Jersey. A portion of the district is in suburban northern Bergen County, all of the areas in the district are generally favorable for Republicans, although Bergen County has trended Democratic in recent elections. For the 113th and successive Congresses, the district contains all or portions of four counties and 79 municipalities, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present Scott Garrett, Official Website
2.
New Jersey Department of Transportation
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It is headed by the Commissioner of Transportation. The present Commissioner is Richard T. Hammer, who was appointed in October 2015, the agency that became NJDOT began as the New Jersey State Highway Department circa 1920. NJDOT was established in 1966 as the first State transportation agency in the United States, the Transportation Act of 1966 established the NJDOT on December 12,1966. In 1979, with the establishment of New Jersey Transit, NJDOTs rail division was folded into the new agency, until 2003, the NJDOT included the Division of Motor Vehicles, which was reorganized as the self-operating New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. Since the late 1970s, NJDOT has been phasing out or modifying many traffic circles in New Jersey, david J. Goldberg, 1966-1970 John C. Most major highways including Interstate, U. S. NJDOT develops interim and long-term plans and strategic policy on freight and shipping in and these intermodal policies cover trucking, rail, maritime and air freight. The Transportation Capital Program and the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program allocate state and federal funding, including projected projects. Assistance to local communities and grants for transportation-related projects, such as transit villages and this is refer to technical planning, development, design and research for projects. During 1976 NJDOT took control of rail routes operated by the Penn Central, Erie Lackawanna, CNJ. In 1979 New Jersey Transit assumed responsibilities for passenger rail in New Jersey, NJDOT is a member of the Northeast Corridor Commission. Roads portal New Jersey portal New Jersey Department of Transportation, official website NJDOT Commissioner profile
3.
U.S. Route 1/9
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U. S. Route 1/9 is the 31. 01-mile long concurrency of US1 and US9 from their junction in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey north to New York City. The route is a road, with some freeway portions. Throughout most of its length in New Jersey, the road runs near the New Jersey Turnpike/Interstate 95. In Fort Lee, US 1/9 merges onto I-95 and crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, between Newark and Jersey City, US 1/9 runs along the Pulaski Skyway. Trucks are banned from this section of road and must use US 1/9 Truck, the concurrency between US1 and US9 is commonly referred to as 1 and 9. Some signage for the concurrency, as well as the truck route, the current alignment of US 1/9 south of Elizabeth was planned as pre-1927 Route 1 in 1916, this road was extended to the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City in 1922. When the U. S. Highway System was created in 1926, US1, in 1927, pre-1927 Route 1 became Route 25, and Route 1 and Route 6 were legislated along the current US 1/9 north of Jersey City. US 1/9 originally went to the Holland Tunnel on Route 25, after the Pulaski Skyway opened in 1932, US 1/9 and Route 25 were routed to use this road, which soon had a truck ban resulting in the creation of Route 25T. South of Newark, US 1/9 was moved from Route 27 to Route 25, in 1953, the state highways running concurrent with US 1/9 in New Jersey were removed. In 1964, the approaches to the George Washington Bridge were upgraded into I-95, US1 and US9 begin their concurrency at a directional interchange in Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County. The combined US 1/9 runs northeast through business areas as a divided highway. From this interchange, the road continues as a road with some jughandles. A short distance later, US 1/9 crosses into Rahway, Union County, the highway turns more northeast, becoming known as Edgar Road in Linden. Following the intersection with CR615, the road enters more urbanized areas of homes and businesses, after passing near a couple of cemeteries, the highway runs to the west of the Bayway Refinery before passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line. After this bridge, US 1/9 meets the terminus of I-278 at a partial interchange with a northbound exit. Past this interchange, US 1/9 continues into Elizabeth, where it intersects Route 439 at the Bayway Circle, at this point, US 1/9 splits from Edgar Road. The road continues north through urban neighborhoods as Spring Street, passing under another Conrail Shared Assets Operations line, the freeway comes to an interchange with the northern terminus of Route 81 and it continues around the west side of Newark Liberty International Airport. The US 1/9 freeway continues into Newark, Essex County, with ramps providing access to the airport as well as to McClellan Street
4.
Ridgefield, New Jersey
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Ridgefield is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Ridgefield was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 26,1892, the borough was named for the areas terrain. At the time of European colonization, the area was home to the Hackensack tribe of the Lenape Native Americans, in 1642, Myndert Myndertsen received a patroonship as part of the New Netherland colony for much the land in the Hackensack and Passaic valleys. He called his settlement Achter Kol, or rear mountain pass, originally spared in the conflicts that begin with the Pavonia Massacre, the nascent colony was later abandoned. The opening of the West Shore Railroad and Erie Railroads Northern Branch in the mid 19th century brought suburbanization to the region, grantwood was an artists colony established in 1913 by Man Ray, Alfred Kreymborg and Samuel Halpert and became known as the Others group of artists. The colony consisted of a number of shacks on a bluff. To this day the names of the streets in part of the town — Sketch Place, Studio Road. Kreymborg moved to Ridgefield and launched Others, A Magazine of the New Verse with Skipwith Cannell, Wallace Stevens, the initial 118 miles of the New Jersey Turnpike were completed in 1952, with the original northern terminus at an interchange connecting to Route 46 in Ridgefield. An additional four-mile stretch of road connecting the Turnpike from Ridgefield to Interstate 80 in Teaneck, the western spur was added in the 1970s, with its two spurs re-connecting in the western side of the borough. In the 1970s, the area came under the auspices of the Hackensack Meadowlands Development Commission, meant to set parameters and balance development in the ecologically sensitive region. Some parts of the areas, including Skeetkill Creek Marsh, have been set apart as nature reserves and extension of system that connects to the Overpeck Reserve. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 2.854 square miles. The borough is divided into three sections based on the geographical contour of the land. The first section is known as Ridgefield, and lies partly in the valley on both the east and west sides and partly on the first hill, the second section is known as Morsemere, and is located in the northern part of the borough. The third section is Ridgefield Heights, on the hill at the extreme eastern part of the borough. Morsemere was named by a real estate development company in honor of Samuel F. B, Morse, inventor of the telegraph and Morse code. During the middle of the 19th century, Morse owned vast tracts of land in the Ridgefield section of the borough, Ridgefields telephone exchange was Morsemere 6 until dial service arrived in the mid-1950s. The borough shares borders with Carlstadt, Cliffside Park, Fairview, Fort Lee, Little Ferry, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park and South Hackensack in Bergen County, undercliff Junction is an unincorporated community located within Ridgefield
5.
New Jersey Route 63
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Route 63 is a short,3. 09-mile long state highway in Hudson and Bergen Counties in New Jersey. The route is known as Bergen Boulevard and concurrent with County Route 501 for most of its alignment, the southern terminus is at Kennedy Boulevard and County Route 501 in the community of North North Bergen. Route 63 originated in 1927 as the alignment of Route S1, the designated routes southern terminus was at Hudson County West Boulevard, northward to State Highway Route 1, State Highway Route 6 and U. S. The route had one suffixed spur, State Highway Route S-1-A and that day, Route S-1 was decommissioned and replaced by Route 63. Route 63 begins at an intersection between County Route 501 and Kennedy Boulevard in the community of North Bergen in Hudson County, after crossing into Bergen County, Routes 63 and 501 continue further, passing over County Route 48 on an overpass. Bergen Boulevard passes through the community for a distance, becoming a divided highway until an intersection with Cliff Street. At Cliff Street, the come back together, and the highway itself passes the Mount Moriah Cemetery near a large high-rise. Routes 63 and 501 continues northward, passing a set of tankers near the cemetery. There, the returns to the commercial-residential split it once was, continuing through Ridgefield. At an intersection with a connector to Route 5, Routes 63 and 501 fork, the two designated routes continue northward through the residential communities as Bergen Boulevard, entering the municipality of Palisades Park soon afterwards. Routes 63 and 501 continue northward, passing businesses and residenecs on its way to the terminus of Route 63 at an interchange with US 1-9. County Route 501 continues towards Route 93. The route began at the Hudson County West Boulevard, heading northbound to Ridgefield, both intersections are now the termini to Route 63. Also, the terminus was then defined as being in Fort Lee. State Highway Route S-1 remained intact for the two decades, and along with a suffixed spur, State Highway Route S-1-A, the two routes were thoroughfares through the southern Palisades. On January 1,1953, the New Jersey State Highway Department went ahead with a state highway renumbering. Route S-1 and its spur, Route S-1-A, were decommissioned in favor of new designations. State Highway Route S-1 became Route 63 while its suffixed spur became Route 67, Route 63 follows the same alignment as Route S-1 with no change in termini since the 1953 renumbering
6.
Palisades Park, New Jersey
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Palisades Park is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The borough of Palisades Park was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 22,1899, a portion of its area was annexed by the neighboring borough of Fort Lee in April 1909. The borough was named for its location atop the New Jersey Palisades, according to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 1.276 square miles, including 1.251 square miles of land and 0.025 square miles of water. The borough borders Fort Lee, Leonia, Ridgefield and Ridgefield Park, unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Morsemere. As of the census of 2010, there were 19,622 people,6,934 households, the population density was 15,681.6 per square mile. There were 7,362 housing units at a density of 5,883.6 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18. 22% of the population,19. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the family size was 3.20. In the borough, the population was out with 16. 5% under the age of 18,8. 5% from 18 to 24,37. 9% from 25 to 44,25. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37.0 years, for every 100 females there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 98.3 males, as of the 2010 Census,51. 5% of the population reported themselves as being of Korean ancestry, with both the highest Korean-American density and percentage of any municipality in the United States. Broad Avenue in Palisades Parks Koreatown has been characterized as an epicenter of Korean American life. Same-sex couples headed 41 households in 2010, an increase from the 37 counted in 2000, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $55,602 and the median family income was $66,725. Males had an income of $43,919 versus $46,014 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $30,666, about 12. 0% of families and 14. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18. 6% of those under age 18 and 15. 2% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 17,073 people,6,247 households, the population density was 14,112.4 people per square mile. There were 6,386 housing units at a density of 5,278.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 48. 27% White,1. 38% African American,0. 19% Native American,41. 09% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,5. 80% from other races, and 3. 24% from two or more races
7.
New Jersey Route 67
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Route 67 is a short state highway entirely within the community of Fort Lee in Bergen County, New Jersey. It is part of the alignment of U. S. Route 9W. The road runs 1.86 miles from an intersection with Central Boulevard in Fort Lee down Palisade Avenue in downtown Fort Lee. There it becomes known as Lemoine Avenue, terminating at an interchange with U. S. Route 9W, Route S-1-A remained intact on Palisades and Lemoine Avenue until the 1953 state highway renumbering when it was switched over to Route 67. The route has remained intact since. Route 67 begins at an intersection with New Jersey Route 5 in the community of Fort Lee, the route heads northward as Palisade Avenue, crossing on a small interchange past commercial businesses and residential homes. The highway continues, crossing directly as the road in the community. Route 67 begins to turn northeastward, passing to the west of several cliffiside aprartment high rises, the high-rises and residential homes continue to surrounded the highway for a distance, until reaching a fork in the highway with Lemoine Avenue. There, Palisade Avenue forks to the right while Route 67 heads to the left along Lemoine, after the fork, the highway becomes more residential and commercial, with the cliffside high-rises following Palisade Avenue to the east. A short distance, Route 67 forks again with Schlosser Street, Route 67 and Lemoine Avenue continues northward as a four-lane boulevard through Fort Lee, reaching Bridge Plaza, which serves commercial industry around the George Washington Bridge. The route then crosses over Interstate 95, U. S, routes 1,9 and 46 as a three-lane truss bridge. After crossing the highways, Route 67 and Lemoine Avenue continue northward out of Bridge Plaza and returns as a four-lane local boulevard in the middle of high-rises and residential homes. Route 67 passes the high school before reaching an interchange with U. S. Route 9W, the Palisades Interstate Parkway and Route 445S. Lemoine Avenue continues northward as U. S. Route 9W, the alignment of Route 67 originates as a portion of State Highway Route 18N, a state highway that survived the 1927 state highway renumbering from its commissioning in 1923. State Highway Route S-1-A remained intact until the state highway renumbering on January 1,1953. The alignment of Route 67 has remained untouched since the 1953 renumbering. On December 8,1977, the New Jersey Department of Transportation approved a measure that Route 67 in downtown Fort Lee was declared a No Passing Zone, the entire route is in Fort Lee, Bergen County. Roads portal New Jersey portal an enlarged view of road jurisdiction at the Fort Lee approaches to the George Washington Bridge New Jersey Roads, Route 67 Speed Limits for State Roads, Route 67
8.
Fort Lee, New Jersey
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Fort Lee is a borough at the eastern border of Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, in the New York City Metropolitan Area, situated atop the Hudson Palisades. The borough is the terminus of the George Washington Bridge and is located across the Hudson River from the Manhattan borough of New York City. Named for the site of an early American Revolutionary War military encampment, according to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 2.888 square miles, including 2.541 square miles of land and 0.347 square miles of water. The borough is situated atop the escarpment of the Hudson Palisades on the peninsula between the Hackensack and Hudson rivers, the borough is bisected by the confluence of roads at GWB Plaza leading to the George Washington Bridge. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the borough include Coytesville, Palisade, the borough borders Cliffside Park, Edgewater, Englewood, Englewood Cliffs, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield. and the Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan. It was during Washingtons retreat in November 1776 that Thomas Paine composed his pamphlet, The American Crisis and these events are recalled at Monument Park and Fort Lee Historic Park. Fort Lee was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 29,1904, with the creation of Fort Lee, Ridgefield Township became defunct and was dissolved as of March 29,1904. The Fort Lee Police Department was formed under borough ordinance on August 9,1904, the history of cinema in the United States can trace its roots to the East Coast where, at one time, Fort Lee was the motion picture capital of America. The industry got its start at the end of the 19th century with the construction of Thomas Edisons Black Maria, in 1909, a forerunner of Universal Studios, the Champion Film Company, built the first studio. They were quickly followed by others who either built new studios or who leased facilities in Fort Lee, such notables as Mary Pickford got their start at Biograph Studios. With the offshoot businesses that sprang up to service, the film studios, however, just as the development of Fort Lee production facilities were gaining strength, Nestor Studios of Bayonne, New Jersey, built the first studio in Hollywood in 1911. Californias more hospitable and cost-effective climate led to the shift of virtually all filmmaking to the West Coast by the 1930s. At the time, Thomas Edison owned almost all the relevant to motion picture production. Television and film in New Jersey remains an important industry, since 2000, the Fort Lee Film Commission has been charged with celebrating the history of film in Fort Lee, as well as attracting film and television production companies to the borough. In 1957, market researcher James Vicary claimed that quickly flashing messages on a screen, in Fort Lee, had influenced people to purchase more food. Vicary coined the term subliminal advertising and formed the Subliminal Projection Company based on a six-week test, Vicary claimed that during the presentation of the movie Picnic he used a tachistoscope to project the words Drink Coca-Cola and Hungry. Eat popcorn for 1/3000 of a second at five-second intervals, Vicary asserted that during the test, sales of popcorn and Coke in that New Jersey theater increased 57. 8% and 18. 1% respectively. In 1962, Vicary admitted to lying about the experiment and falsifying the results, an identical experiment conducted by Henry Link showed no increase in cola or popcorn sales
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County Route 505 (New Jersey)
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County Route 505, abbreviated CR505, is a county highway in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 20.64 miles from John F. Kennedy Boulevard in Union City to the New York state line in Northvale. County Route 505 begins at County Route 501 in Union City and it proceeds northward, traveling parallel to the Hudson River atop the Hudson Palisades. At Anthony M. DeFino Way in West New York it takes a turn and descends to the waterfront becoming River Road through North Bergen and Edgewater. In Fort Lee it intersects with Interstate 95, CR505 then intersects the Palisades Interstate Parkway, before traveling parallel to it. It then intersects County Route 501, before turning due north from the path it had previously followed along. It travels by Morrow Park, shortly before traveling near the Knickerbocker Country Club and it then intersects County Route 70, before continuing north and intersecting County Route 502. From there, it proceeds north, reaching its end at the New York/New Jersey border, CR505 was originally intended to be a spur of New Jersey Route 303. Bike lanes on River Road were completed on July 24,2012 and they run a half mile from Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen and stretch southward towards Bulls Ferry Road in Weehawken. There are numerous bridges along Boulevard East crossing over clefts in the cliffs, a portion of the road will be closed for six-months in 2013 to replace one located in North Bergen. County Route 505 Truck is a route bypassing the steep portion of CR505 between US 9W in Englewood Cliffs and CR501 in Englewood. The route follows US 9W south to Fort Lee before heading west along Route 4 to Englewood, major intersections The entire route is in Bergen County. Roads portal New Jersey portal an enlarged view of road jurisdiction at the Fort Lee approaches to the George Washington Bridge NJ State Highways, CR 200-514
10.
Edgewater, New Jersey
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Edgewater is a borough located along the Hudson River in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. Edgewater was incorporated as a municipality on December 7,1894, from portions of Ridgefield Township as the Borough of Undercliff, the borough was formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, in which 26 boroughs were formed in the county in 1894 alone. The boroughs name was changed to Edgewater on November 8,1899, the borough was named for its location on the Hudson River. Native American people are known to have lived in the vicinity before the arrival of colonists in the 17th century, the Lenape were a local tribe of Native Americans associated with the neighboring borough of Fort Lee. David Pietersz Devries, the first European settler, bought 500 acres of land from the Tappan tribe, a historical plaque placed in Veterans Field by the Bergen County Historical Society names Vriessendael as the first known colony in Bergen County with a founding date of 1640. In pioneer days, River Road was known as the Hackensack Turnpike, while Oxen Hill Road still exists as a thoroughfare, another Colonial hallmark and major local industry has only recently disappeared, shad fishing. The Undercliff section in the section of Edgewater was originally a colony of fishermen. In the 1980s there were still about 100 commercial fishermen in New Jersey harvesting shad from their spring run from the Atlantic Ocean up the Hudson River to spawn. Etienne Burdett began ferry service between north Edgewater and the island of Manhattan in 1758 and his gambrel-roofed house in what is now the Edgewater Colony stood until 1899. The ferry service at Burdetts Landing, which was located at the base of the bluff of Fort Lee. The ferry functioned as the link for supplies, information and transportation between Fort Lee on the New Jersey side of the Hudson River and Fort Washington on the New York side. In the century following the Revolutionary war, north Edgewater developed into an area with large hotels built in the mid-. Concern over the destruction caused by quarrying operations led to the formation of the Palisades Interstate Park in 1900, although the first chemical plant was founded in 1843 in the south section of the borough, throughout the 19th century the town retained a bucolic character. Early in the 20th century the addition of landfill to the Hudson River changed the boroughs appearance, until that time, the Hudson River lay closer to River Road from just above Veterans field southward to what is now the Binghamton Ferry Plaza. The 20th century brought change to Edgewater with industrialization, which overwhelmed the borough. Transportation of factory goods was facilitated when the New York, Susquehanna, Edgewater was also well situated for shipping, with deep water piers on the Hudson River and access to abundant labor from Manhattan. Generally, industrial development occurred in the end of the borough. As industrialization increased in the borough, picnic grounds lost their appeal, by 1918, there were 8,044 workers employed by Edgewaters manufacturing facilities, producing primarily chemicals, dyes, and confectionery products such as oils and sugars
11.
Bergen County, New Jersey
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Bergen County is the most populous county in the U. S. state of New Jersey. Bergen Countys population resides among 70 municipalities, but no large cities and its most populous place, with 43,010 residents at the time of the 2010 census, is Hackensack, also its county seat. In 2010, Mahwah covered the largest area of any municipality, the county hosts an extensive park system totaling nearly 9,000 acres. The origin of the name of Bergen County is a matter of debate and it is believed that the county is named for one of the earliest settlements, Bergen, in modern-day Hudson County. However, the origin of the name is debated. Several sources attribute the name to Bergen, Norway, while others attribute it to Bergen, some sources say that the name is derived from one of the earliest settlers of New Amsterdam, Hans Hansen Bergen, a native of Norway, who arrived in New Netherland in 1633. Some of their descendants are included among the Ramapough Mountain Indians and their ancestors had moved into the mountains to escape encroachment by Dutch and English colonists. Over the years, they absorbed other ethnicities by intermarriage, in the 17th century, the Dutch considered the area comprising todays Bergen and Hudson counties as part of New Netherland, their colonial province of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch claimed it after Henry Hudson explored Newark Bay and anchored his ship at Weehawken Cove in 1609, from an early date, the Dutch began to import African slaves to fill their labor needs. Bergen County eventually was the largest slaveholding county in the state, the African slaves were used for labor at the ports to support shipping, as well as for domestic servants, trades, and farm labor. Early settlement attempts by the Dutch included Pavonia, Vriessendael, and Achter Col, but the Native Americans repelled these settlements in Kiefts War, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27,1664, New Amsterdams governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English Navy. The English organized the Province of New Jersey in 1665, later splitting the territory into East Jersey, on November 30,1675, the settlement Bergen and surrounding plantations and settlements were called Bergen County in an act passed by the provinces General Assembly. In 1683, Bergen was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly, initially, Bergen County consisted of only the land between the Hudson River and the Hackensack River, extending north to the border between East Jersey and New York. In January 1709, the boundaries were extended to all of the current territory of Hudson County. † The line between East and West Jersey here referred to is not the line finally adopted and known as the Lawrence line and this line being afterward objected to by the East Jersey proprietors, the latter procured the running of the Lawrence line. Bergen was the location of battles and troop movements during the American Revolutionary War. Fort Lees location on the bluffs of the New Jersey Palisades, opposite Fort Washington in Manhattan and they destroyed the bridge to delay the British assault on Washingtons headquarters in village of Hackensack. The next day, George Washington retreated to Newark and left Hackensack via Polifly Road, British forces pursued, and Washington continued to retreat across New Jersey
12.
State highways in New Jersey
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In the U. S. state of New Jersey, the New Jersey Department of Transportation maintains a system of state highways. Every significant section of roadway maintained by the state is assigned a number, officially State Highway Route X but commonly called Route X by the NJDOT and the general public. Highways are included in the system, and are also called Route X. State Routes are signed with the circular highway shield. The majority of Routes are maintained by the state, but occasionally, for the sake of continuity, major routes are typically assigned one- or two-digit numbers, except where the numbers were chosen to match an adjacent state. Most numbers from 1 to 50 follow a general geographic pattern assigned in 1927, the only suffixed routes other than U. S. Route 9W are short unmarked connections such as Route 76C, an elongated ramp to Interstate 76. The only special route is Route 33 Business, U. S. Route 1 Business. A statewide system of county highways is numbered by the NJDOT in the 500-599 range. All counties but two – Bergen and Monmouth – number their other county routes beginning at 600, County routes in Bergen County range from 2 to 134, those in Monmouth County range from 1 to 57. Ocean County also has a system of county routes with numbers ranging from 3 to 111 in addition to those beginning with 600. The initial system of highways was legislated in 1916. By 1922, the routes were marked, U. S. Route numbers were added to some of the main routes in 1927. Every state highway, even those parts of U. S. Routes, was assigned a number. Some short routes were assigned prefixes of S, for instance, one prefixed and suffixed route - Route S4A - was also defined as a second spur of Route 4. As the system grew, some numbers beyond 50 were used, on January 1,1953, the second renumbering was implemented. Some routes were shortened to remove concurrencies, while others, like Route 25, numbers from 53 to 93 were assigned to renumbered routes, while shorter ones received numbers from 152 to 165. The two planned toll roads — the Garden State Parkway and New Jersey Turnpike - received only those names, the majority of new numbers assigned since the 1953 renumbering have been from 166 to 185, with some short routes instead receiving numbers based on their parents. Minimal disruption was caused by the assignment of Interstate Highway numbers in the late 1950s, in the 1990s, the majority of special U. S
13.
New Jersey Scenic Byways
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The New Jersey Scenic Byways system consists of roads in the U. S. state of New Jersey that have been recognized for their historical or natural qualities. The byway begins in Cape May Point, Cape May County, following CR629, CR606, CR626, Route 162, CR626, and Route 47. In Salem County, the byway follows CR623, CR658, CR624, CR625, CR661, Grieves Parkway, and South Front Street to Route 49 in Salem. At this point, a spur heads along Route 49, Freas Road, Supawna Road, Route 49, CR632, from Salem, the mainline continues along Route 49, Route 45, and CR540 to its northern terminus in Mannington Township. The Delaware River Scenic Byway follows Route 29 along the Delaware River between Trenton and Frenchtown and it provides scenic views of the Delaware River and passes through Washington Crossing State Park, Titusville, Lambertville, Stockton, and Raven Rock. This byway is part of the national program. The Millstone Valley Scenic Byway is a 25 mile historic scenic route located in the Millstone River Valley which lies in north central New Jersey. The byway offers a glimpse into the past where skirmishes between the militia and British troops played a key role in the American Revolutionary War. This byway has been designated by the National Scenic Byways Program of the Federal Highway Administration as of 2009, the route travels along County Route 533 on the west bank of the Millstone and County Route 603 on the rivers east side. The route loops back on the side at County Route 518. The Kingston Village Historic District and the Kingston Mill Historic District are both located in the area of Kingston. The Pine Barrens Byway consists of three routes run through the Pine Barrens in southern New Jersey. The northern route of the byway begins in Tuckerton in Ocean County and follows US9 and Stage Road into Burlington County, here, the Pine Barrens Byway splits into a longer northern loop and a shorter northern loop. The longer northern loop follows CR542 through Batsto into Mullica Township, the shorter northern loop follows CR563 into Mullica Township. The first leg of the loop begins at CR542 in Mullica Township, following CR643. From here, the leg of the northern loop follows CR563, CR624, Mill Street, Riverside Drive. US9, the Garden State Parkway into Burlington County, and US9 back to Tuckerton, the southern route of the byway begins in Corbin City, Atlantic County and follows CR611 and Route 50 into Tuckahoe, Cape May County. From here, the byway follows Route 49, CR632, and Route 49 to an intersection with CR548, where it splits into a southern loop
14.
New Jersey Route 4
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Route 4 is a state highway in Bergen County and Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. West of Route 208, the route is an arterial that runs through commercial areas. Route 4 intersects many important roads, including Route 208 in Fair Lawn, the highway is officially named the Mackay Highway, but is rarely referred to as such. Route 4 was legislated in 1927 to run from Cape May to the George Washington Bridge, several spurs of Route 4 existed before 1953 and the Garden State Parkway was originally planned as a bypass of Route 4 that was to be designated Route 4 Parkway. Todays stretch of the route was completed by 1934, not long after the opening of the George Washington Bridge in 1931 and it was planned to be upgraded to a full freeway, but plans never materialized. Despite this, the route has seen improvements, such as to the interchanges with Route 17 in 1999, the route passes over Route 20 and continues east, crossing the Passaic River into Elmwood Park, Bergen County and passing over County Route 507. Route 4 features a right-in/right-out in the direction that provides access to County Route 507. The route continues east on Broadway as a highway with a concrete then a grassy median. It intersects County Route 67 and continues east as a highway with a Jersey barrier through commercial areas of Fair Lawn. The interchange between Route 4 and Route 208 also features access to County Route 79, the route continues east as a limited access road that is lined with businesses. Route 4 crosses the Saddle River and then enters Paramus, upon entering Paramus, Route 4 has a cloverleaf interchange with County Route 62. Route 4 has an interchange provides access to Westfield Garden State Plaza, located on the south side of the road. Past this, Route 4 features an interchange with Route 17. It interchanges with Spring Valley Road and passes by The Outlets at Bergen Town Center located on the side of the road. Route 4 interchanges with County Route 59, as the road leaves Paramus, it becomes a partial freeway and businesses no longer line the route. Upon crossing the Pascack Valley Line, Route 4 heads into Hackensack, the route crosses the Hackensack River into Teaneck and heads through the campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University. Route 4 features ramps that provide access to County Route 41, the road continues southeast through wooded residential areas, intersecting a few roads at right-in/right-out intersections, before interchanging with Queen Anne Road. In Englewood, Route 4 features an interchange with Route 93
15.
U.S. Route 46
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U. S. Route 46 is an east–west U. S. Highway completely within the state of New Jersey, running for 75.34 mi, making it the shortest signed, non-spur U. S. Highway. The west end is at an interchange with Interstate 80 and Route 94 in Columbia, the east end is in the middle of the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee, Bergen County while the route is concurrent with I-95 and US 1-9. Throughout much of its length, US46 is closely paralleled by I-80, US46 is a major local and suburban route, with some sections built to or near freeway standards and many other sections arterials with jughandles. The road has been named the United Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial Highway. What is now US46 was originally designated as three separate routes, in 1936, US46 was designated to run from US611 in Portland, Pennsylvania east to the George Washington Bridge. The route replaced Pennsylvania Route 987 to the Delaware Bridge over the Delaware, and from there followed Route 6 across New Jersey. In 1953, the Route 6 designation was removed from US46 in New Jersey, and later that year, US611 had been brought into New Jersey by two new bridges over the Delaware River, following a freeway between them that became a part of I-80. In 1972, US611 was aligned back into its original Pennsylvania route, US46 begins at a large interchange with I-80 and Route 94 near the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge leading to Pennsylvania Route 611 in the community of Columbia in Knowlton Township, Warren County. From this interchange, the route heads southeast along the east bank of the Delaware River as a divided highway briefly before narrowing into a two-lane undivided road. The road passes through wooded areas before reaching the community of Delaware. In Delaware, US46 intersects Route 163, the approach to the former Delaware Bridge, from here, the route continues alongside the river, passing more rural areas of woods and farms with occasional development as it enters White Township. US46 makes a turn to the east away from the Delaware River. The road turns back into an undivided road and comes to a crossroads with CR519. Past this intersection, US46 continues through rural sectors with some business coming to the northern terminus of Route 31. From this point, the route continues east through dense woods prior to turning northeast into Liberty Township, the road passes through the community of Townsbury before crossing into Independence Township. Here, US46 enters more agricultural areas and turns east again and it continues southeast before entering Hackettstown, where the road becomes Main Street. In Hackettstown, the route crosses New Jersey Transit’s Morristown Line, here, CR517 forms a concurrency with US46, and the two routes continue southeast through the downtown area. At the intersection with the terminus of Route 182, CR517 splits from US46 by heading south on that route while US46 continues to the east
16.
State highway
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Depending on the state, state highway may be used for one meaning and state road or state route for the other. In some countries such as New Zealand, the state is used in its sense of a nation. By this meaning a state highway is a maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities. Australias State Route system covers urban and inter-regional routes that are not included in the National Route or the National Highway systems and these routes are marked with a blue shield. Sometimes a state route may be formed when a national route is decommissioned. Most states and territories have introduced an alphanumeric numbering system. Brazil is another country that is divided into states and has state highways, canada is divided into provinces and territories, each of which maintains its own system of provincial or territorial highways. Canadas federal National Highway System is a dual system which includes the Trans-Canada Highway network. Italys Strade Statali extend for some 18,000 km, overseen by the Azienda Nazionale Autonoma delle Strade founded in 1946, State highways in India are numbered highways that are laid and maintained by state governments. Mexicos State Highway System is a system of urban and state routes constructed and maintained by each Mexican state, the main purpose of the state networks is to serve as a feeder system to the federal highway system. All states except the Federal District operate a road network, each state marks these routes with a white shield containing the abbreviated name of the state plus the route number. New Zealand state highways are national highways – the word state in this sense means government or public, New Zealands state highway system is a nationwide network of roads covering the North Island and the South Island. As of 2006, just under 100 roads have a State Highway designation, the NZ Transport Agency administers them. The speed limit for most state highways is 100 km/h, with reductions when one passes through a populated area. The highways in New Zealand were originally designated on a system, national and provincial, with national highways having a higher standard. Now all of them are state highways, and the network consists of SH1 running the length of main islands, SH 2–5 and 10–58 in the North Island, and SH 6–8. National and provincial highways are numbered north to south. State Highway 1 runs the length of both islands, local highways are the next important roads under the National highways
17.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
18.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
19.
The Palisades (Hudson River)
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The cliffs stretch north from Jersey City about 20 miles to near Nyack, New York. They rise nearly vertically from near the edge of the river, north of Fort Lee, the Palisades are part of Palisades Interstate Park and are a National Natural Landmark. They sit in the Newark Basin, a basin located mostly in New Jersey. Palisade is derived from the root as the word pale, ultimately from the Latin word palus. A palisade is, in general, a fence or wall made up of wooden stakes or tree trunks. The Lenape called the cliffs rocks that look like rows of trees, a phrase that became Weehawken, the name of a town in New Jersey that sits at the top of the cliffs across from Midtown Manhattan. The basalt cliffs are the margin of a sill, formed about 200 million years ago. The molten material cooled and solidified before reaching the surface, water erosion of the softer sandstone left behind the columnar structure of harder rock that exists today. The cliffs are about 300 ft thick in sections and originally may have reached 1,000 ft. Franklyn Van Houten did trailblazing research on a formation known as the Newark Basin. His discovery of a consistent geological pattern in which lake levels rose, during the early stages of the American Revolution, British military Commander Lord Cornwallis landed a force of between 2,500 and 5,000 at the Closter Dock Landing on Nov.20,1776. The Palisades were the site of 18 documented duels and probably many unrecorded ones in the years 1798–1845, the most famous is the Burr–Hamilton duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, which took place in a spot known as the Heights of Weehawken on July 11,1804. After the Civil War, signs advertising patent medicines and other covered the rock face in letters 20 feet high. In the 19th century, the cliffs were heavily quarried for railroad ballast, beginning in the 1890s, several unsuccessful efforts were made to turn much of the Highlands into a forest preserve. In 1908, the State of New York announced plans to move Sing Sing Prison to Bear Mountain, work was begun in the area near Highland Lake and in January 1909, the state purchased the 740-acre Bear Mountain tract. Conservationists, inspired by the work of the Palisades Interstate Park Commission, however, the prison project was continued. New York state appropriated a matching $2.5 million and the state of New Jersey appropriated $500,000 to build the Henry Hudson Drive, ultimately, the Sing Sing relocation was discontinued. In the 1910s, when Fort Lee was a center of film production, the most notable of these films was The Perils of Pauline, a serial which helped popularize the term cliffhanger. In October 1931, after four years of construction, the George Washington Bridge opened between Upper Manhattan and Fort Lee
20.
Hudson River
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The Hudson River is a 315-mile river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States. The river originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York, flows through the Hudson Valley, the river serves as a political boundary between the states of New Jersey and New York, and further north between New York counties. The lower half of the river is a tidal estuary occupying the Hudson Fjord, tidal waters influence the Hudsons flow from as far north as Troy. The river is named after Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Dutch East India Company, who explored it in 1609, and after whom Canadas Hudson Bay is also named. The Dutch called the river the North River – with the Delaware River called the South River –, during the eighteenth century, the river valley and its inhabitants were the subject and inspiration of Washington Irving, the first internationally acclaimed American author. In the nineteenth century, the area inspired the Hudson River School of landscape painting, the Hudson was also the eastern outlet for the Erie Canal, which, when completed in 1825, became an important transportation artery for the early-19th-century United States. The source of the Hudson River is Lake Tear of the Clouds in the Adirondack Park at an altitude of 4,322 feet, the river is not cartographically called the Hudson River until miles downstream. From that point on, the stream is known as the Hudson River. Popular culture and convention, however, more often cite the photogenic Lake Tear of the Clouds as the source, South of the confluence of Indian Pass Brook and Calamity Brook, the Hudson River flows south into Sanford Lake. South of the outlet of the lake, the Opalescent River flows into the Hudson, the Hudson then flows south, taking in Beaver Brook and the outlet of Lake Harris. After its confluence with the Indian River, the Hudson forms the boundary between Essex and Hamilton counties, in the hamlet of North River, the Hudson flows entirely in Warren County and takes in the Schroon River. Further south, the forms the boundary between Warren and Saratoga Counties. The river then takes in the Sacandaga River from the Great Sacandaga Lake, shortly thereafter, the river leaves the Adirondack Park, flows under Interstate 87, and through Glens Falls, just south of Lake George although receiving no streamflow from the lake. It next goes through Hudson Falls, at this point the river forms the boundary between Washington and Saratoga Counties. At this point the river has an altitude of 200 feet, further south the Hudson takes in water from the Batten Kill River and Fish Creek near Schuylerville. The river then forms the boundary between Saratoga and Rensselaer counties, the river then enters the heart of the Capital District. It takes in water from the Hoosic River, which extends into Massachusetts, shortly thereafter the river has its confluence with the Mohawk River, the largest tributary of the Hudson River, in Waterford. Shortly thereafter, the river reaches the Federal Dam in Troy, at an elevation of 2 feet, the bottom of the dam marks the beginning of the tidal influence in the Hudson as well as the beginning of the lower Hudson River
21.
Paterson, New Jersey
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Paterson is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199, Paterson has the second-highest density of any U. S. city with over 100,000 people, behind only New York City. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 147,754, Paterson is known as the Silk City for its dominant role in silk production during the latter half of the 19th century. The city has evolved into a major destination for Hispanic emigrants as well as for immigrants from the Arab. It has the second-largest Muslim population in the United States by percentage, the area of Paterson was inhabited by the Algonquian-speaking Native American Acquackanonk tribe of the Lenape, referred to as the Delaware Indians. The land was known as the Lenapehoking, the Dutch claimed the land as New Netherlands, then the British as the Province of New Jersey. Paterson, which was founded by the society, became the cradle of the revolution in America. Paterson was named for William Paterson, statesman, signer of the Constitution, architect, engineer and city planner Pierre Charles LEnfant, who had earlier developed the initial plans for Washington, D. C. was the first planner for the S. U. M. His plan proposed to harness the power of the Great Falls through a channel in the rock, eventually Colts system developed some problems and a scheme resembling LEnfants original plan was used after 1846. Paterson was originally formed as a township from portions of Acquackanonk Township on April 11,1831, Paterson became part of newly created Passaic County on February 7,1837. It was incorporated as a city on April 14,1851, the city was reincorporated on March 14,1861. In the latter half of the 19th century silk production became the dominant industry and formed the basis of Patersons most prosperous period, in 1835 Samuel Colt began producing firearms in Paterson, although within a few years he moved his business to Hartford, Connecticut. Later in the 19th century Paterson was the site of experiments with submarines by Irish-American inventor John Philip Holland. Two of Hollands early models — one found at the bottom of the Passaic River — are on display in the Paterson Museum, housed in the former Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works near the Passaic Falls. The city was a mecca for immigrant laborers who worked in its factories and it was defeated by the employers, with workers forced to return under pre-strike conditions. Factory workers labored long hours for low wages under dangerous conditions, the factories then moved to the South, where there were no labor unions, and still later moved overseas. In 1919 Paterson was one of eight locations bombed by self-identified anarchists, in 1932 Paterson opened Hinchliffe Stadium, a 10, 000-seat stadium named in honor of John V. Hinchliffe, the citys mayor at the time. Hinchliffe Stadium originally served as the site for school and professional athletic events
22.
Hackensack, New Jersey
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Hackensack is a city in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, and serves as its county seat. It was officially named New Barbadoes Township until 1921, but it was known as Hackensack. An inner suburb of New York City, Hackensack is located approximately 12 miles northwest of Midtown Manhattan, from a number of locations, the New York City skyline can be seen. The Metropolitan Campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University borders the Hackensack River in both Hackensack and Teaneck, Hackensack is also the home of the New Jersey Naval Museum and the World War II submarine USS Ling. Astronaut Wally Schirra is perhaps Hackensacks most famous native son, the city is known for a great diversity of neighborhoods and land uses very close to one another. According to a 2016 study, the city ranked as the 5th-best place in New Jersey for entrepreneurs, the first inhabitants of the area were the Lenni Lenape, an Algonquian people who lived along the valley of what they called the Achinigeu-hach, or Ackingsah-sack, meaning stony ground. A representation of Chief Oratam of the Achkinhenhcky appears on the Hackensack municipal seal, Oratam, sachem of the Lenni Lenape, deeded the land along mid-Hackensack River to the Dutch in 1665. The area was taken by the English in 1667. In 1666, a deed was confirmed for the 2, 260-acre tract that had given earlier by Oratem to Sarah Kiersted in gratitude for her work as emissary. Other grants were given at the English Neighborhood, in 1675, the East Jersey Legislature established the administrative districts. In 1683, Bergen was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly, the seal of Bergen County bearing this date includes an image of an agreement between the settlers and the natives. New Barbadoes Township, together with Acquackanonk Township, were formed by Royal charter on October 31,1693, in 1700, the village of Hackensack was little more than the area around Main Street from the Courthouse to around Anderson Street. New Barbadoes Township included what is now Maywood, Rochelle Park, Paramus and River Edge and these areas were all very sparsely populated and consisted of farm fields, woods and swamplands. The few roads that existed then included the now known as Kinderkamack Road, Paramus Road/Passaic Street. The southernmost portions of what is now Hackensack were not part of New Barbadoes Township at that time. The earliest records of the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders date back to 1715, at which time agreement was made to build a courthouse and jail complex, which was completed in 1716. A raid by British forces against Hackensack on March 23,1780, Hackensack established a local board of education in 1894, as required by the new law, which took over operation of schools located in the township and established Hackensack High School. The 1894 act allowed local residents, by petition, to municipal boundaries at will
23.
Hackensack Plank Road
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The Hackensack Plank Road, also known as Bergen Turnpike, was a major artery which connected the cities of Hoboken and Hackensack, New Jersey. It was originally built as a turnpike road as Hackensack. The route mostly still exists today, though some segments are now called the Bergen Turnpike and it was during the 19th century that plank roads were developed, often by private companies which charged a toll. The company that built the road received its charter on November 30,1802, the road followed the route road from Hackensack to Communipaw that was described in 1679 as a fine broad wagon-road. The route begins today in lower Weehawken at the town line, a short street connects it to Willow Avenue, which functions as a local entrance to the Lincoln Tunnel. The only segment that retains the name Hackensack Plank Road, ascends the face of the Hudson Palisades to Weehawken Heights and upon reaching the top is designated County Route 691. It travels on a northwest diagonal across Union City as 32nd Street, passing over the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix, intersecting Bergenline Avenue, and creating the terminus of Summit Avenue. There the route north through New Durham and Bergenwood between the western slope of the palisades and the border of what has become the New Jersey Meadowlands District. It is joined at its midpoint by what some have called the Lombard Street of the East Coast, Shippen Street, a similar street, Mountain Road, is a single hairpin between Jersey City Heights and Hoboken. Crossing the Bergen line at the Fairview Cemetery, the road becomes County Route S124 and is named Broad Avenue, in Ridgefield the route travels west on Hendricks Causeway. Little Ferry takes it name from a river crossing of the Hackensack River. In 1828, the first bridge over the Hackensack River was built, a wooden structure, it was replaced at the turn of the 20th century by the bridge which still stood before the erection of the present span. It was necessary to pay tolls on both the bridge and Bergen Turnpike until the start of the World War, in 1915, the Board of Chosen Freeholders took over the entire stretch of roadway from Fairview to Main Street, Hackensack. Public Service later became the owners of the bridge and retained the right of way along the turnpike for the operation of its trolleys. In 1934, after the present structure was completed the old bridge was torn down despite efforts of the local government. Through the town the route retains the name Bergen Turnpike and its designation of County Route 124, at the city line, it becomes Hudson Street, where it continues north into downtown Hackensack, ending at the Bergen County Court House. Nearby is The Green, site of the colonial First Reformed Dutch Church, Jersey City and Bergen Point Plank Road List of turnpikes in New Jersey New Jersey Route 18N
24.
Little Ferry, New Jersey
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Little Ferry is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The borough was formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon then sweeping through Bergen County, gethsemane Cemetery, an African burial ground, was opened in 1860 and was used for interments until 1924. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, rosies Diner was used in the 1970s for the filming of Bounty paper towel commercials featuring Nancy Walker as Rosie the Waitress. New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Little Ferry 35th in its 2008 rankings of the Best Places To Live in New Jersey. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 1.703 square miles. The borough borders Hackensack, Moonachie, Ridgefield, Ridgefield Park, South Hackensack, the borough lies near the confluence of the Hackensack River and Overpeck Creek in the New Jersey Meadowlands. As of the census of 2010, there were 10,626 people,4,239 households, the population density was 7,200.1 per square mile. There were 4,439 housing units at a density of 3,007.8 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 22. 98% of the population, korean Americans accounted for 12. 0% of the population. 31. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.19. Same-sex couples headed 27 households in 2010, an increase from the 24 counted in 2000. In the borough, the population was out with 19. 7% under the age of 18,7. 4% from 18 to 24,30. 3% from 25 to 44,29. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40.2 years, for every 100 females there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 92.8 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $57,276 and the median family income was $74,000. Males had an income of $52,898 versus $40,934 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $29,257, about 4. 8% of families and 6. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13. 1% of those under age 18 and 3. 4% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 10,800 people,4,366 households, the population density was 7,075.2 people per square mile. There were 4,449 housing units at a density of 2,914.6 per square mile
25.
Concurrency (road)
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A concurrency in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different highway, motorway, or other route numbers. When two freeways share the same right-of-way, it is called a common section or commons. Other terminology for a concurrency includes overlap, coincidence, duplex, triplex, multiplex, concurrent numbering can become very common in countries that allow it. In some countries, however, concurrent numbering is avoided by posting only one number on road signs. Criticism of concurrencies include environmental intrusion, as well as being considered a factor in road accidents, most concurrencies are simply a combination of two route numbers on the same physical road. This is often advantageous as well as economically advantageous, it may be better for two route numbers to be combined into one along riverways or through mountain valleys. Some nations allow for concurrencies to occur, however, some nations specifically do not allow it to happen, in those nations which do permit concurrencies, it can become very common. In these countries, there are a variety of concurrences which can occur, an example of this is the concurrency of I-70 and I-76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in western Pennsylvania. A triple Interstate concurrency is found north of Madison, Wisconsin, with I-39, I-90, Wisconsin has another triple Interstate concurrency along the five-mile section of I-41, I-43, and I-894 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The concurrency of I-41 and I-43 on this roadway is an example of a wrong-way concurrency, the longest Interstate highway concurrency is I-80 and I-90 for 265 miles across Indiana and Ohio. There are examples of eight-way concurrencies, I-465 around Indianapolis and Georgia State Route 10 Loop around downtown Athens, Georgia. Portions of the 53-mile I-465 overlap with I-74, US31, US36, US40, US52, US421, SR37, seven of the eight other designations overlap between exits 46 and 47 to create an eight-way concurrency. In the United States, concurrencies are simply marked by placing signs for both routes on the same or adjacent posts, the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices prescribes that when mounting these adjacent signs together that the numbers will be arranged vertically or horizontally in order of precedence. The order to be used is Interstate Highways, U. S. Highways, state highways, and finally county roads, several states do not officially have any concurrencies, instead officially ending routes on each side of one. There are several circumstances where unusual concurrencies exist along state borders, one example occurs along the Oklahoma–Arkansas state line. At the northern end of this border Oklahoma State Highway 20 runs concurrently with Arkansas Highway 43, concurrencies are also found in Canada. In Manitoba, the Trans-Canada Highway from Winnipeg to Portage la Prairie is concurrently signed with Yellowhead Highway, in Ontario, the Queen Elizabeth Way and Highway 403 run concurrently between Burlington and Oakville, forming the provinces only concurrency between two 400-series highways. In the United Kingdom, routes do not run concurrently with others, where this would normally occur, the roadway takes the number of only one of the routes, while the other routes are considered to have a gap and are signed in brackets
26.
Hairpin turn
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The hairpin turns are commonly seen in mountaineous area, and often appear continuously. Such turns in ramps and trails may be called switchbacks in American English, in British English switchback is more likely to refer to a heavily undulating road—a use extended from the rollercoaster and the other type of switchback railway. Hairpin turns are often built when a route climbs up or down a slope, so that it can travel mostly across the slope with only moderate steepness. Highways of this style are generally less costly to build. On occasion, the road may loop completely, using a tunnel or bridge to cross itself at a different elevation, when this routing geometry is used for a rail line, it is called a spiral, or spiral loop. In trail building, an alternative to switchbacks is the stairway, the Geiranger road from Geirangerfjord to the mountain pass won the gold medal on the world exhibition, Paris 1900, the original design included a 270° spiral. Norwegian National Road 7 through Måbødalen has a spiral partly within tunnels, the road from Frangokastello to Kallikratis in Crete has 27 tight bends. Due to mountainous profile of the country are many streets in Greece having tight bends. US441 through Great Smoky Mountains National Park on the Tennessee/North Carolina border, US40 over Berthoud Pass in Colorado. It forms half of the Mount Evans Scenic Byway, pikes Peak Highway in Colorado Springs includes numerous hairpins and switchbacks which are known as Ws. Mexican Autopista 95D has a hairpin turn which is known as La Pera. The Crowsnest Highway in British Columbia, Canada east of Osoyoos has several hairpin turns, a sharp hairpin turn on British Columbia Highway 97 alongside Vaseux Lake near Oliver, British Columbia has been the scene of many accidents and deaths. Nova Scotia Highway 105, part of the Trans-Canada Highway in Cape Breton has a turn after peaking Kellys Mountain before descending to cross the Seal Island Bridge. The Duffy Lake Road in British Columbia descending into Pemberton from Lillooet, 50°184. 31N, 122°354. 50W The Paso Internacional Los Libertadores has several switchbacks on the Chilean side of the pass. 26 below the tunnel entrance alone, in Japan, there is the known Nikkō Irohazaka, a one-way switchback mountain road, located at Nikko, Tochigi. This road plays a significant role in Japanese history, The route was popular with Buddhist pilgrims on their way to Lake Chuzenji, iroha-Zaka ascends more than 1,300 feet. In Macau, a part of the Guia Circuit is a hairpin turn, in India, the Gata Loops, a part of the route from Manali to Leh. And the Agumbe Ghat road from Udupi to Teerthahalli in Karnataka have 13 hairpin turns, in fact, most of the Ghats include at least one hairpin turn
27.
Transport of New Jersey
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It was owned by the Public Service Corporation, now the Public Service Electric and Gas Company. Public Service Transportation was formed in 1917 as a subsidiary of the Public Service Corporation. In 1928, the operations of the two companies were merged to form Public Service Coordinated Transport, the name was changed to Transport of New Jersey in 1971, and the new New Jersey Transit Corporation took over their operations in 1980. The Public Service Railway, owned by the Public Service Corporation of New Jersey, Public Service lines stretched from northeast New Jersey to Trenton, and then south to Camden and its suburbs. Major parts of the system were, The Newark Public Service Terminal, the Hoboken Inclined Cable Railway, an elevated railway from Hoboken Terminal up the New Jersey Palisades into Jersey City and south to near Journal Square. The Newark-Trenton Fast Line, a streetcar line mostly on private right-of-way from Newark to Trenton. For many years, the streetcar route still in operation was the #7 line. The #7 at the turn of the 21st century underwent a line rehabilitation including new modern light rail cars, and was extended northward into Bloomfield. The other two light rail systems in New Jersey Hudson Bergen Light Rail and River Line are built along freight railroad rights-of-way and public streets, and do not date back to Public Service days. In later years, Public Service bustituted most routes, many of these lines are run by New Jersey Transit. In 1928 the operations were merged with Public Service Transportation, which operated these buses, nJ-65, Public Service Railway Company, Newton Avenue Car Shops
28.
Grade (slope)
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The grade of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal. It is a case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontality. A larger number indicates higher or steeper degree of tilt, often slope is calculated as a ratio of rise to run, or as a fraction in which run is the horizontal distance and rise is the vertical distance. The grades or slopes of existing physical features such as canyons and hillsides, stream and river banks, grades are typically specified for new linear constructions. The grade may refer to the slope or the perpendicular cross slope. There are several ways to express slope, as an angle of inclination to the horizontal, as a percentage, the formula for which is 100 rise run which could also be expressed as the tangent of the angle of inclination times 100. In the U. S. this percentage grade is the most commonly used unit for communicating slopes in transportation, surveying, construction, and civil engineering. As a per mille figure, the formula for which is 1000 rise run which could also be expressed as the tangent of the angle of inclination times 1000 and this is commonly used in Europe to denote the incline of a railway. As a ratio of one part rise to so many parts run, for example, a slope that has a rise of 5 feet for every 100 feet of run would have a slope ratio of 1 in 20. This is generally the method used to describe railway grades in Australia, any of these may be used. Grade is usually expressed as a percentage, but this is converted to the angle α from horizontal or the other expressions. Slope may still be expressed when the run is not known. This is not the way to specify slope, it follows the sine function rather than the tangent function. But in practice the way to calculate slope is to measure the distance along the slope and the vertical rise. When the angle of inclination is small, using the slope length rather than the horizontal displacement makes only an insignificant difference, Railway gradients are usually expressed in terms of the rise in relation to the distance along the track as a practical measure. In cases where the difference between sin and tan is significant, the tangent is used. In any case, the identity holds for all inclinations up to 90 degrees, tan α = sin α1 − sin 2 α In Europe. Grades are related using the equations with symbols from the figure at top
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New Jersey Route 93
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Route 93 is a state highway in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The route originated as Route S5 in 1927, running along the Bergen Turnpike until 1929 and it remained the same until 1954, after the alignment of Route 93 had been designated that the route was extended along Grand Avenue. Route 93 begins at an intersection with U. S. Route 1 and 9 in Ridgefield, the route heads northward through an industrial district of Ridgefield, and at an intersection with Ray Avenue, it passes a local football field. A short distance after an intersection with Linden Avenue, Route 93 intersects with the offramp from U. S. Route 46 eastbound in the community of The Ridgefields, the route heads northward through the residential districts as Grand Avenue, crossing under U. S. Route 46. To the northbound lanes, local side the highway, while the southbound lanes are sided by industrial factories and businesses. The route intersects several local roads, entering the community of Palisades Park. At this point, Route 93 continues northward through the areas of Palisades Park. Until the intersection with West Edsall Boulevard, the route was paralleling local railroad tracks one block away, the route passes a couple of athletic fields and turns to the northeast at an intersection with Station Parkway. The route enters Leonia and passes to the east of the Overpeck County Park, Route 93 begins to fall in elevation, entering a residential district before crossing under the New Jersey Turnpike. After the turnpike, Route 93 continues northward into Englewood, the route continues a short distance further, interchanging with the Route 4 freeway. A short distance after the interchange, Route 93 officially ends at an intersection with Van Nostrand Avenue, County Route 501 continues on along Grand Avenue. Route S5 was realigned in 1929 from the Bergen Turnpike to Grand Avenue, and remained on this alignment until the 1953 renumbering on January 1,1953, when Route S5 was renumbered to Route 93. In 1954, the took over the remainder of Grand Avenue from U. S. Route 46 to NJ4 from Bergen County. The route has remained intact since the 1953 renumbering, the entire route is in Bergen County. Roads portal New Jersey portal Speed Limits for State Roads, Route 93
30.
George Washington Bridge
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As of 2015, it carried over 106 million vehicles per year, making it the worlds busiest motor vehicle bridge. The speed limit on the bridge is 45 mph, though congestion frequently slows traffic on weekdays and weekends. The bridges upper level also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, Interstate 95 and U. S. Route 1/9 cross the river via the bridge. US46, which lies entirely within New Jersey, terminates halfway across the bridge at the border with New York. At its eastern terminus in New York City, the bridge connects with the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, unsuccessful, Washington evacuated Manhattan by crossing between the two forts. Construction on the began in October 1927 as a project of the Port of New York Authority. The bridges chief engineer was Othmar Ammann, with Cass Gilbert as architect, geologists made 300-foot test bores on the New Jersey side to determine if the geological strata would support the bridge. When construction started, the estimated cost of the bridge was $75,000,000 and it was expected to carry 8 million vehicles and 1.5 million pedestrians in its first year of operation. Prior to and while construction, the bridge was unofficially known as the Hudson River Bridge. However, the Port Authority named the bridge after George Washington that year, the bridge was dedicated on October 24,1931, and opened to traffic the following day. It held this title until the opening of the Golden Gate Bridge in 1937, in 1946, two more lanes were created on the current upper level, widening it from the original six lanes. A second, lower deck, which had anticipated in Ammanns original plans, was approved by Lt. Col. Joseph R. McCammon, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. The original design for the towers of the called for them to be encased in concrete and granite. However, because of cost considerations during the Great Depression and favorable aesthetic critiques of the steel towers. The exposed steel towers, with their distinctive criss-crossed bracing, have one of the bridges most identifiable characteristics. Le Corbusier said of the steel structure, The George Washington Bridge over the Hudson is the most beautiful bridge in the world. Made of cables and steel beams, it gleams in the sky like a reversed arch and it is the only seat of grace in the disordered city. It is painted a color and, between water and sky, you see nothing but the bent cord supported by two steel towers
31.
Jersey City, New Jersey
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Jersey City is the second-most-populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey after Newark. It is the seat of Hudson County as well as the countys largest city. 7% from the 2010 United States Census, when the citys population was at 247,597, ranking the city the 75th-largest in the nation. Part of the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is bounded on the east by the Hudson River and Upper New York Bay and on the west by the Hackensack River and Newark Bay. After a peak population of 316,715 measured in the 1930 Census, the land comprising what is now Jersey City was inhabited by the Lenape, a collection of tribes. After spending nine days surveying the area and meeting its inhabitants, by 1621, the Dutch West India Company was organized to manage this new territory and in June 1623, New Netherland became a Dutch province, with headquarters in New Amsterdam. Michael Reyniersz Pauw received a grant as patroon on the condition that he would establish a settlement of not fewer than fifty persons within four years. He chose the west bank of the North River and purchased the land from the Lenape and this grant is dated November 22,1630 and is the earliest known conveyance for what are now Hoboken and Jersey City. Pauw, however, was a landlord who neglected to populate the area and was obliged to sell his holdings back to the Company in 1633. That year, a house was built at Communipaw for Jan Evertsen Bout, superintendent of the colony, during Kiefts War, approximately eighty Lenapes were killed by the Dutch in a massacre at Pavonia on the night of February 25,1643. Scattered communities of farmsteads characterized the Dutch settlements at Pavonia, Communipaw, Harsimus, Paulus Hook, Hoebuck, Awiehaken, and other lands behind Kil van Kull. The first village established on what is now Bergen Square in 1660, among the oldest surviving houses in Jersey City are the Newkirk House, the Van Vorst Farmhouse, and the Van Wagenen House. During the American Revolutionary War, the area was in the hands of the British who controlled New York, in the Battle of Paulus Hook Major Light Horse Harry Lee attacked a British fortification on August 19,1779. During the 19th century, former slaves reached Jersey City on one of the four routes of the Underground Railroad that led to the city. The City of Jersey was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on January 28,1820, from portions of Bergen Township, while the area was still a part of Bergen County. The city was reincorporated on January 23,1829, and again on February 22,1838, on February 22,1840, it became part of the newly created Hudson County. Soon after the Civil War, the idea arose of uniting all of the towns of Hudson County east of the Hackensack River into one municipality. A bill was approved by the legislature on April 2,1869. An element of the bill provide that only contiguous towns could be consolidated, while a majority of the voters across the county approved the merger, the only municipalities that had approved the consolidation plan and that adjoined Jersey City were Hudson City and Bergen City
32.
Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods
33.
Google
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Google is an American multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include online advertising technologies, search, cloud computing, software, Google was founded in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph. D. students at Stanford University, in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and they incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4,1998. An initial public offering took place on August 19,2004, in August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a conglomerate called Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabets leading subsidiary, will continue to be the company for Alphabets Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products, acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Googles core search engine. The company leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, the Google Chrome web browser, and Chrome OS, the new hardware chief, Rick Osterloh, stated, a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience. Google has also experimented with becoming an Internet carrier, alexa, a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google. com as the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including YouTube, Googles mission statement, from the outset, was to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful, and its unofficial slogan was Dont be evil. In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase Do the right thing, Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in Stanford, California. They called this new technology PageRank, it determined a websites relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine BackRub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site. Originally, Google ran under Stanford Universitys website, with the domains google. stanford. edu, the domain name for Google was registered on September 15,1997, and the company was incorporated on September 4,1998. It was based in the garage of a friend in Menlo Park, craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee. The first funding for Google was an August 1998 contribution of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given before Google was incorporated. At least three other investors invested in 1998, Amazon. com founder Jeff Bezos, Stanford University computer science professor David Cheriton. Author Ken Auletta claims that each invested $250,000, early in 1999, Brin and Page decided they wanted to sell Google to Excite. They went to Excite CEO George Bell and offered to sell it to him for $1 million, vinod Khosla, one of Excites venture capitalists, talked the duo down to $750,000, but Bell still rejected it. Googles initial public offering took place five years later, on August 19,2004, at that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024
34.
Google Maps
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Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite imagery, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets, real-time traffic conditions, Google maps began as a C++ desktop program designed by Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen at Where 2 Technologies. In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google, which converted it into a web application, after additional acquisitions of a geospatial data visualization company and a realtime traffic analyzer, Google Maps was launched in February 2005. The services front end utilizes JavaScript, XML, and Ajax, Google Maps offers an API that allows maps to be embedded on third-party websites, and offers a locator for urban businesses and other organizations in numerous countries around the world. Google Map Maker allows users to expand and update the services mapping worldwide. Much of the satellite imagery is no more than three years old and is updated on a regular basis. Google Maps uses a variant of the Mercator projection. The current redesigned version of the application was made available in 2013. Google Maps for mobile was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation, in August 2013, it was determined to be the worlds most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once. In 2012, Google reported having over 7,100 employees, Google Maps provides a route planner under Get Directions. Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area, driving, public transit, walking, in combination with Google Street View, issues such as parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Jordan, Lebanon, only public transit directions are provided for South Korea. All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously, all countries of mainland South America are covered. All countries including Trinidad and Tobago* are treated contiguously, all inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands. Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively, as the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the panel and map. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin on top of the map images, a hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses JSON for data rather than XML
35.
Rand McNally
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Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that provides mapping, software and hardware for the consumer electronics, commercial transportation and education markets. The company is headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Skokie, Illinois, with a center in Richmond. In 1856, William Rand opened a shop in Chicago. The shop did big business with the forerunner of the Chicago Tribune, in 1868, the two men established Rand McNally & Co. and bought the Tribunes printing business. The company initially focused on printing tickets and timetables for Chicagos booming railroad industry, in 1870, the company expanded into printing business directories and an illustrated newspaper, the Peoples Weekly. The first Rand McNally map, created using a new cost-saving wax engraving method, Rand McNally became an incorporated business in 1873, with Rand as its president and McNally as vice president. The Business Atlas, containing maps and data pertinent to business planning, was first published in 1876, the atlas is still updated today, now titled the Commercial Atlas & Marketing Guide. The Trade Book department was established in 1877, publishing such titles as The Locust Plague in the United States, Rand McNally began publishing educational maps in 1880 with its first line of maps, globes, and geography textbooks, soon followed by a world atlas. Also in 1894, the opened an office in New York City headed by Caleb S. Hammond. Rand McNally published its first road map, the New Automobile Road Map of New York City & Vicinity, in 1910, the company acquired the line of Photo-Auto Guides from G. S. Chapin, which provided photographs of routes and intersections with directions. Andrew McNally II personally took photos on his honeymoon for the Chicago-to-Milwaukee edition, the company continued to expand its book publishing business, with best-selling childrens books such as The Real Mother Goose in 1916 and Kon-Tiki in 1950. Rand McNally was the first major map publisher to embrace a system of numbered highways, one of its cartographers, John Brink, invented a system that was first published in 1917 on a map of Peoria, Illinois. In addition to creating maps with numbered roads, Rand McNally also erected many of the actual roadside highway signs and this system was subsequently adopted by state and federal highway authorities. The oil industry quickly developed an interest in maps, enticing Americans to explore. In 1920, Rand McNally began publishing road maps for the Gulf Oil Company, by 1930, Rand McNally had two major road map competitors, General Drafting and Gousha, the latter of which was founded by a former Rand McNally sales representative. The Rand McNally Auto Chum, later to become the ubiquitous Rand McNally Road Atlas, the first full-color edition was published in 1960 and in 1993, it became fully digitized. The Goodes School Atlas, named for its first editor, Dr. J. Paul Goode, was published in 1923 and it became a standard text for high school and college geography curricula. Later retitled Goodes World Atlas, it is now in its 22nd edition, the first Rand McNally Travel Store was opened in New York City in 1937
US 1-9 in Ridgefield
Route 63 in Palisades Park
Route 67 in Fort Lee
CR 505 in Edgewater
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