1.
New Jersey Department of Transportation
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It is headed by the Commissioner of Transportation. The present Commissioner is Richard T. Hammer, who was appointed in October 2015, the agency that became NJDOT began as the New Jersey State Highway Department circa 1920. NJDOT was established in 1966 as the first State transportation agency in the United States, the Transportation Act of 1966 established the NJDOT on December 12,1966. In 1979, with the establishment of New Jersey Transit, NJDOTs rail division was folded into the new agency, until 2003, the NJDOT included the Division of Motor Vehicles, which was reorganized as the self-operating New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission. Since the late 1970s, NJDOT has been phasing out or modifying many traffic circles in New Jersey, david J. Goldberg, 1966-1970 John C. Most major highways including Interstate, U. S. NJDOT develops interim and long-term plans and strategic policy on freight and shipping in and these intermodal policies cover trucking, rail, maritime and air freight. The Transportation Capital Program and the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program allocate state and federal funding, including projected projects. Assistance to local communities and grants for transportation-related projects, such as transit villages and this is refer to technical planning, development, design and research for projects. During 1976 NJDOT took control of rail routes operated by the Penn Central, Erie Lackawanna, CNJ. In 1979 New Jersey Transit assumed responsibilities for passenger rail in New Jersey, NJDOT is a member of the Northeast Corridor Commission. Roads portal New Jersey portal New Jersey Department of Transportation, official website NJDOT Commissioner profile
2.
U.S. Route 202 in New Jersey
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U. S. Route 202 is a U. S. Highway running from New Castle, Delaware northeast to Bangor, Maine. In the U. S. state of New Jersey, the route runs 80, US202 encounters many major roads in New Jersey, including Route 31, US206, US22, Interstate 80, US46, Route 23, and Route 17. From Somerville to the New York border, US202 generally runs within a distance of I-287. The road ranges from a freeway between Lambertville and Ringoes in Hunterdon County to a two-lane undivided road through much of the northern portion of the route. North of the Route 53 intersection in Morris Plains, US202 is maintained by counties rather than the New Jersey Department of Transportation with a few exceptions. In the mid-1930s, US122 was renumbered to US202, in 1953, all the state highway designations were removed from US202 except for Route 23 and Route 30 to avoid long concurrencies with the route. In the 1960s, plans were made to upgrade US202 to a freeway between the Pennsylvania border and I-287 in Bridgewater Township, with the completion of the US202 freeway in Hunterdon County, the former alignment became Route 179. The portion of US202 concurrent with Route 23 in Wayne was upgraded from a road to a six-lane road in the 1980s. Route 202 and to northbound U. S. Route 202 from northbound Route 29, past Alexauken Creek Road, the freeway enters West Amwell Township, where it heads through a mix of woodland and farmland. It comes to an interchange with County Route 605, which provides access to Mount Airy. Past the County Route 605 interchange, U. S. Route 202 continues northeast through agricultural areas and it crosses into East Amwell Township and features to a partial cloverleaf interchange with Route 179. Past the Route 179 interchange, the road runs briefly through West Amwell Township before entering East Amwell Township again, bypassing the community of Ringoes. Here, Route 31 begins a concurrency with U. S. Route 202, the next intersection is for Old York Road, which heads to the southwest as Route 179 and to the northeast as County Route 514. Shortly past this intersection, the route forms the border between East Amwell Township to the west and Raritan Township to the east before crossing entirely into Raritan Township. The road continues north through farms, reaching commercial development as it approaches the Flemington area, past the intersection with County Route 611, the road widens to six lanes and crosses into Flemington. The road comes to the Flemington Circle where Route 31 heads north, past the Flemington Circle, U. S. Route 202 proceeds northeast on a four-lane divided highway that crosses back into Raritan Township. It heads through woodland, passing by Northlandz, which is home to the worlds largest model railroad in HO scale, the road crosses the South Branch Raritan River into Readington Township, where it heads east, passing over Norfolk Southerns Lehigh Line north of Three Bridges. Past Three Bridges, the runs through a mix of woods
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Morris Plains, New Jersey
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For other places with similar names, see Morristown, New Jersey. Morris Plains is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Morris Plains was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 15,1926, from portions of Hanover Township, the boroughs name comes from Lewis Morris, colonial governor of New Jersey. Morris Plains serves as a community, with many residents traveling to work in New York City. The Morristown Line of NJ Transit provides commuters with direct access to New York Penn Station and to Hoboken Terminal. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 2.594 square miles. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Littleton, the climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Morris Plains has a subtropical climate. As of the census of 2010, there were 5,532 people,2,131 households, the population density was 2,163.5 per square mile. There were 2,197 housing units at a density of 859.2 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 68% of the population,24. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the family size was 3.12. In the borough, the population was out with 24. 8% under the age of 18,4. 7% from 18 to 24,25. 4% from 25 to 44,28. 5% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42.1 years, for every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 89.4 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $103,688 and the median family income was $127,614. Males had an income of $91,908 versus $67,232 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $45,165, about 0. 4% of families and 9. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0. 0% of those under age 18 and 0. 6% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 5,236 people,1,955 households, the population density was 2,018.7 people per square mile
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New Jersey Route 10
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Route 10 is a 23.51 mi state highway in the northern part of the U. S. state of New Jersey. It runs from an intersection with U. S. Route 46 in Roxbury Township, Morris County east to County Route 577 /CR677 in West Orange, Route 10 is a major route through northern New Jersey that runs through Ledgewood, East Hanover, and Livingston. It is a highway for most of its length with the exception of the easternmost part of the route. Route 10 features intersections with major roads including Route 53 and US202 in Morris Plains. Route 10 was designated in 1927 to run from Jersey City to Dover, following the former Newark, the route continued east from its present-day routing on current CR577, Park Avenue, CR508, and Route 7 to end at US 1/9 at the Tonnele Circle. Route 10 begins at US46 in the Ledgewood section of Roxbury Township at the former Ledgewood Circle, the road passes by the Ledgewood Mall, the Roxbury Mall, and many other businesses. The route enters Randolph Township, where the road becomes commercial in nature and passes Randolph Lake. Past this interchange, Route 10 crosses over forested Mine Hill, the route crosses CR513 and passes by the County College of Morris past that intersection, with suburban development becoming more frequent again. Route 10 widens to six lanes and then runs through the corner of Denville before heading into the Mt. Tabor section of Parsippany-Troy Hills. The route then forms the border between Parsippany-Troy Hills to the north and Morris Plains to the south, coming to an interchange with Route 53 and crossing US202. The route fully enters Parsippany-Troy Hills again before crossing into Hanover Township, coming to an interchange with Dryden Way, past Dryden Way, Route 10 features an interchange with I-287 and narrows to four lanes. The road heads through the Whippany section of Hanover Township, where it has an interchange with CR511, Route 10 crosses into East Hanover Township at the crossing of Whippany Brook. Along Route 10 in East Hanover, the road passes several businesses, Route 10 crosses the Passaic River into Livingston, Essex County, where it becomes Mt. Pleasant Avenue. The route comes to the Livingston Circle, a traffic circle, with CR508. Past this traffic circle, the highway becomes a four-lane undivided road with some businesses and homes along the road. The route crosses CR527 and narrows to two lanes a short distance past that intersection, the route enters West Orange at the point it crosses Nance Road. In West Orange, Route 10 ends at the Prospect Avenue intersection where radio station WFME-FMs studios, at this intersection, CR577 heads east on Mt. Pleasant Avenue and north on Prospect Avenue while CR677 heads south on Prospect Avenue. The Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike was established along the alignment of Route 10 east of Dover on March 12,1806
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Parsippany-Troy Hills, New Jersey
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Parsippany-Troy Hills Township, commonly called simply Parsippany, is a township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. The name Parsippany comes from the Lenape Native American sub-tribe, which comes from the word parsipanong, Parsippany-Troy Hills is the most populous municipality in Morris County. The name Troy Hills was changed from Troy, to avoid confusion of mail being sent erroneously to Troy, in 2006, Parsippany-Troy Hills was recognized by Money magazine as the 17th-ranked of the Best Places to Live in the United States, the highest-ranked location in New Jersey. In 2008, it moved up to 13th position, Parsippany returned to Money Magazines Best Places list in 2012, in the 15th position. It returned to the list in 2014, where it ranked 16 with Money citing its Arts, parsippanys ranking improved to the 5th-ranked position on the Best Places list in 2016. After the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 BC, half of Parsippany was filled with water as this was Lake Passaic, around the area grasses grew, as the area was tundra and then turned into a taiga/boreal forest as the area warmed. Paleo-Indians moved in groups into the area around 12,500 years ago, attracted by the diversity of plant. Paintings in a cave were found in the late 1970s in western Parsippany in the highlands. From 1611 to 1614, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland, the Native Americans traded furs and food with the Dutch for various goods. In return the Dutch gave the Native Americans metal pots, knives, guns, axes, trading with the Native Americans occurred until 1643 when a series of wars broke out between the Dutch and Native Americans. There were hostile relations between the Dutch and Native Americans between 1643 and 1660 and this prevented colonization by the Dutch of the Morris County region which was technically included in their claimed New Netherland. On August 27,1664, three English ships approached Fort Amsterdam and the fort was surrendered to the English, the English now controlled New Netherland and Morris County was now under control of the colony of New York. Relations with the Native Americans improved for a while, there was a war with the Dutch ten years later. The Dutch re-took control of New Amsterdam but after a year returned it to the English, relations with the Native Americans and English improved for a while. English settlers started to move into the area around 1700, the Parsippany area had flat land and fertile soil, and a fresh water supply, allowing them to succeed at farming. All types of game, especially waterfowl, provided colonists a chance to succeed. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had an area of 25.394 square miles. Lake Hiawatha and Mount Tabor are neighborhoods with their own ZIP codes, in 2000, 55% of Parsippany residents had a 07054 ZIP code
6.
Interstate 80 in New Jersey
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Interstate 80 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States, running from the New York City Metropolitan Area westward to San Francisco, California. The New Jersey Department of Transportation also identifies I-80 as the Christopher Columbus Highway, I-80 in New Jersey runs 68.54 miles from the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge over the Delaware River at the Delaware Water Gap to its eastern terminus at I-95 in Teaneck, Bergen County. Throughout New Jersey, I-80 runs parallel to US46, the highway heads through rural areas of Warren and Sussex counties before heading into more suburban surroundings in Morris County. As the road continues into Passaic and Bergen counties, it heads into urban areas. A freeway along the I-80 corridor had been planned in 1936, with the establishment of the Interstate Highway System, this planned freeway, which had been identified in some planning documents as the Bergen-Passaic Expressway, would be incorporated into I-80. The freeway was built across New Jersey in various stages from the 1960s to 1973, the westernmost four miles in New Jersey was originally a rerouting of US611 when built, that route was later realigned back into Pennsylvania. In the 1990s, high-occupancy vehicle lanes had existed on a part of I-80 in Morris County but were opened to traffic due to underuse. The Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge and its approach is planned to be widened from four to six lanes, I-80 enters Hardwick Township, Warren County from Pennsylvania on the Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge over the Delaware River, maintained by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. In addition to carrying I-80, this also carries the Appalachian Trail over the Delaware River. From this point, the freeway heads south along the east bank of the river through the Delaware Water Gap, immediately reaching a westbound exit. Now maintained by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, the road makes a turn to the east. The highway heads south again and enters Knowlton Township, where it comes to another set of U-turn ramps that also includes a station in the eastbound direction. After turning southeast and leaving the Delaware Water Gap, the road has a westbound right-in/right-out for Hainesburg Road before crossing under the abandoned Lackawanna Cutoff. I-80 widens to six lanes and reaches an interchange with the western terminus of US46, Route 94, and Decatur Street in Columbia. A scenic overlook of the Delaware Water Gap is located in the direction while a rest area is located in the eastbound direction. Upon crossing into Blairstown Township, the eastbound direction narrows down to three lanes, in Hope Township, I-80 reaches an interchange with CR521 that also provides access to CR519 and the Land of Make Believe amusement park. The highway widens to eight lanes briefly after this interchange before narrowing to six lanes, in Frelinghuysen Township, the freeway carries four lanes eastbound and three lanes westbound. Upon coming into Allamuchy Township, I-80 has six lanes before gaining a fourth lane as it comes to the CR517 exit
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Denville Township, New Jersey
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Denville Township is a township in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Denville is known as the Hub of Morris County for its location along major routes at the center of the county. In 1988, as part of the towns 75th anniversary celebration, Denville was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 14,1913, from portions of Rockaway Township. Native Lenape Native Americans were known to travel the Minisink Trail for centuries before Europeans arrived in New Jersey, part of that trail cut across what is now southern Denville, roughly following the course of Route 10 and Mount Pleasant Turnpike. Some research has indicated there was a Lenape campsite along the trail in Denville. When Dutch and English settlers began to arrive in the new world in the early 17th century, daniel Denton, one of the purchasers of what is known as the Elizabethtown Tract in 1664, led an expedition into the interior of northern New Jersey. In 1670, he wrote the first English language description of the area, some researchers conclude that the name Denville derives from Denton. Some researchers have suggested that European settlers began to come to the Denville area as early as 1690 and these early settlers were primarily Dutch and English from Long Island, Quakers from Philadelphia, and Germans. William Penn and several other proprietors began to survey and stake out lands in the Denville area around 1715 and these surveys are the first documentation of Denville. Between 1730 and 1760, several forges and mills were erected in Denville along the Rockaway River, a number of communities associated with the forges and mills began to emerge. Ninkey and Franklin in southern Denville developed around the forges there of the same names, Denville village developed around the Job Allen Iron Works. Early developers of Denville, such as the Hussa family and A. B Crane & Co. were intrinsic in shaping the residential and lake communities. A letter from early Denville settler John Hinchman in the year 1800, recounts some of the history of Denville from 50 years earlier. Hinchman explains in his letter that the naming of Denville can be traced to a den of wild animals located in the regions along the Denbrook. The animals would bask on a knoll that juts out into the meadows where they were hunted by the native Lenape and this den, Hinchman states, was the basis for the name of Denville and the Denbrook. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had an area of 12.641 square miles. The Tourne county park is in portions of Denville, Boonton Township, the park covers more than 540 acres of undeveloped land and offers a view of the New York City skyline from its peak standing 897 feet high. Denville has 11 named bodies of water within township limits, the four major residential lake communities are Cedar Lake, Indian Lake, Rock Ridge and Lake Arrowhead
8.
U.S. Route 46
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U. S. Route 46 is an east–west U. S. Highway completely within the state of New Jersey, running for 75.34 mi, making it the shortest signed, non-spur U. S. Highway. The west end is at an interchange with Interstate 80 and Route 94 in Columbia, the east end is in the middle of the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee, Bergen County while the route is concurrent with I-95 and US 1-9. Throughout much of its length, US46 is closely paralleled by I-80, US46 is a major local and suburban route, with some sections built to or near freeway standards and many other sections arterials with jughandles. The road has been named the United Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial Highway. What is now US46 was originally designated as three separate routes, in 1936, US46 was designated to run from US611 in Portland, Pennsylvania east to the George Washington Bridge. The route replaced Pennsylvania Route 987 to the Delaware Bridge over the Delaware, and from there followed Route 6 across New Jersey. In 1953, the Route 6 designation was removed from US46 in New Jersey, and later that year, US611 had been brought into New Jersey by two new bridges over the Delaware River, following a freeway between them that became a part of I-80. In 1972, US611 was aligned back into its original Pennsylvania route, US46 begins at a large interchange with I-80 and Route 94 near the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge leading to Pennsylvania Route 611 in the community of Columbia in Knowlton Township, Warren County. From this interchange, the route heads southeast along the east bank of the Delaware River as a divided highway briefly before narrowing into a two-lane undivided road. The road passes through wooded areas before reaching the community of Delaware. In Delaware, US46 intersects Route 163, the approach to the former Delaware Bridge, from here, the route continues alongside the river, passing more rural areas of woods and farms with occasional development as it enters White Township. US46 makes a turn to the east away from the Delaware River. The road turns back into an undivided road and comes to a crossroads with CR519. Past this intersection, US46 continues through rural sectors with some business coming to the northern terminus of Route 31. From this point, the route continues east through dense woods prior to turning northeast into Liberty Township, the road passes through the community of Townsbury before crossing into Independence Township. Here, US46 enters more agricultural areas and turns east again and it continues southeast before entering Hackettstown, where the road becomes Main Street. In Hackettstown, the route crosses New Jersey Transit’s Morristown Line, here, CR517 forms a concurrency with US46, and the two routes continue southeast through the downtown area. At the intersection with the terminus of Route 182, CR517 splits from US46 by heading south on that route while US46 continues to the east
9.
Morris County, New Jersey
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Morris County is a county located in the U. S. state of New Jersey, about 25 mi west of New York City. 2% increase from 2010. The county is part of the New York Metropolitan Area, the county ranked third in the New York Metropolitan area in terms of median income. Morris County was named after Colonel Lewis Morris, governor of New Jersey in 1738/9, the Wisconsin Glacier covered the northern section of Morris County from 23,000 B. C. to 13,000 B. C. After the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 B. C, paleo Indians moved into the area from the south in search of big and small game as well as plants. The area was first tundra with grasses growing, rabbits and fox moved into the area from the south. The area of Morris County was inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans prior to the arrival of European settlers around the year 1000 and they came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the rivers and hunted game, fished, collected plants and nuts, henry Hudson explored the Hudson River area in 1609, which later the Dutch did surveys of the area. From 1611 to 1614, the Dutch established the colony of New Netherland, Dutch forts were established along the Hudson River beginning in 1613. As the years went by, more forts were established to trade with Native Americans, the Native Americans traded furs and food with the Dutch for various goods. In return the Dutch gave the Native Americans metal pots, knives, guns, axes, trading with the Native Americans occurred until 1643 when a series of wars broke out between the Dutch and Native Americans. There were hostile relations between the Dutch and Native Americans between 1643 and 1660 and this prevented colonization by the Dutch of the Morris County region which was technically included in their claimed New Netherland. On August 27,1664, three English ships approached Fort Amsterdam and the fort was surrendered to the English, the English now controlled New Netherland and Morris County was now under control of the colony of New York. Relations with the Native Americans improved for a while, there was a war with the Dutch ten years later. The Dutch re-took control of New Amsterdam but after a year returned it to the English, relations with the Native Americans and English improved for a while. European settlements began in the early 18th century while it was known as Hunterdon County, Native Americans were still in the area at that time. Land was purchased from the Native Americans for various such as blankets, shirts, rum, guns, knives, pots. The Native Americans concept of selling land was different than that of the Europeans, colonization occurred along the Atlantic coast and moved inland. The first settlement in the today known as Morris County occurred in Pompton Plains by the Dutch in 1695
10.
State highways in New Jersey
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In the U. S. state of New Jersey, the New Jersey Department of Transportation maintains a system of state highways. Every significant section of roadway maintained by the state is assigned a number, officially State Highway Route X but commonly called Route X by the NJDOT and the general public. Highways are included in the system, and are also called Route X. State Routes are signed with the circular highway shield. The majority of Routes are maintained by the state, but occasionally, for the sake of continuity, major routes are typically assigned one- or two-digit numbers, except where the numbers were chosen to match an adjacent state. Most numbers from 1 to 50 follow a general geographic pattern assigned in 1927, the only suffixed routes other than U. S. Route 9W are short unmarked connections such as Route 76C, an elongated ramp to Interstate 76. The only special route is Route 33 Business, U. S. Route 1 Business. A statewide system of county highways is numbered by the NJDOT in the 500-599 range. All counties but two – Bergen and Monmouth – number their other county routes beginning at 600, County routes in Bergen County range from 2 to 134, those in Monmouth County range from 1 to 57. Ocean County also has a system of county routes with numbers ranging from 3 to 111 in addition to those beginning with 600. The initial system of highways was legislated in 1916. By 1922, the routes were marked, U. S. Route numbers were added to some of the main routes in 1927. Every state highway, even those parts of U. S. Routes, was assigned a number. Some short routes were assigned prefixes of S, for instance, one prefixed and suffixed route - Route S4A - was also defined as a second spur of Route 4. As the system grew, some numbers beyond 50 were used, on January 1,1953, the second renumbering was implemented. Some routes were shortened to remove concurrencies, while others, like Route 25, numbers from 53 to 93 were assigned to renumbered routes, while shorter ones received numbers from 152 to 165. The two planned toll roads — the Garden State Parkway and New Jersey Turnpike - received only those names, the majority of new numbers assigned since the 1953 renumbering have been from 166 to 185, with some short routes instead receiving numbers based on their parents. Minimal disruption was caused by the assignment of Interstate Highway numbers in the late 1950s, in the 1990s, the majority of special U. S
11.
New Jersey Scenic Byways
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The New Jersey Scenic Byways system consists of roads in the U. S. state of New Jersey that have been recognized for their historical or natural qualities. The byway begins in Cape May Point, Cape May County, following CR629, CR606, CR626, Route 162, CR626, and Route 47. In Salem County, the byway follows CR623, CR658, CR624, CR625, CR661, Grieves Parkway, and South Front Street to Route 49 in Salem. At this point, a spur heads along Route 49, Freas Road, Supawna Road, Route 49, CR632, from Salem, the mainline continues along Route 49, Route 45, and CR540 to its northern terminus in Mannington Township. The Delaware River Scenic Byway follows Route 29 along the Delaware River between Trenton and Frenchtown and it provides scenic views of the Delaware River and passes through Washington Crossing State Park, Titusville, Lambertville, Stockton, and Raven Rock. This byway is part of the national program. The Millstone Valley Scenic Byway is a 25 mile historic scenic route located in the Millstone River Valley which lies in north central New Jersey. The byway offers a glimpse into the past where skirmishes between the militia and British troops played a key role in the American Revolutionary War. This byway has been designated by the National Scenic Byways Program of the Federal Highway Administration as of 2009, the route travels along County Route 533 on the west bank of the Millstone and County Route 603 on the rivers east side. The route loops back on the side at County Route 518. The Kingston Village Historic District and the Kingston Mill Historic District are both located in the area of Kingston. The Pine Barrens Byway consists of three routes run through the Pine Barrens in southern New Jersey. The northern route of the byway begins in Tuckerton in Ocean County and follows US9 and Stage Road into Burlington County, here, the Pine Barrens Byway splits into a longer northern loop and a shorter northern loop. The longer northern loop follows CR542 through Batsto into Mullica Township, the shorter northern loop follows CR563 into Mullica Township. The first leg of the loop begins at CR542 in Mullica Township, following CR643. From here, the leg of the northern loop follows CR563, CR624, Mill Street, Riverside Drive. US9, the Garden State Parkway into Burlington County, and US9 back to Tuckerton, the southern route of the byway begins in Corbin City, Atlantic County and follows CR611 and Route 50 into Tuckahoe, Cape May County. From here, the byway follows Route 49, CR632, and Route 49 to an intersection with CR548, where it splits into a southern loop
12.
New Jersey Route 52
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Route 52 is a state highway in the southern part of the U. S. state of New Jersey. The highway runs 2.74 mi from 9th Street in Ocean City, Cape May County north to U. S. Route 9 in Somers Point, Atlantic County. The remainder of the route is an undivided surface road called MacArthur Boulevard that runs from the causeway to U. S. Route 9. This section of the route included the Somers Point Circle, now a traffic light. Route 52 was originally designated in 1937 to run from the Somers Point Circle northwest to Mays Landing and this routing never came about and in 1953, Route 52 was designated onto its current alignment. County Route 585 ran concurrent with the south of the Somers Point Circle until 1971. The circle was removed in 2010 as part of the bridge reconstruction, in 2006, construction began on the replacement of the Route 52 causeway that was built in the 1930s over the Great Egg Harbor Bay, beginning with guardrail repairs that reduced traffic to two lanes. In 2008, the lanes of the causeway were opened to traffic. Construction on the lanes was completed in late 2009. In addition, improvements were made to MacArthur Boulevard that include the addition of a center left-turn lane and this project received $70 million from the stimulus bill signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009. Route 52 begins along 9th Street in Ocean City, Cape May County,0.01 miles south of Palen Avenue, past the southern terminus of Route 52, 9th Street heads southeast and terminates at the Ocean City Boardwalk along the Atlantic Ocean. From the beginning of state maintenance, the continues to the northwest as a four-lane. In between these two channels is an island where the Ocean City Visitor Center is located, after the ship canal, Route 52 crosses onto the mainland and intersects with County Route 559 and County Route 585, formerly at the Somers Point traffic circle. In October 2010, the circle was eliminated and replaced by a traffic light, beyond the former Somers Point Circle, Route 52 becomes a two-lane road known as MacArthur Boulevard that heads north through commercial areas before entering residential areas. The causeway between Ocean City and Somers Point was built in the 1930s with four lanes and no shoulders, Route 52 was designated 1937 to run from the Somers Point Circle northwest to Route 48 and Route 50 in Mays Landing. However, Route 52 was never built to run to Mays Landing. In the 1953 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 52 was designated to run from the Ocean City side of the Great Egg Harbor causeway north to U. S. Route 9 in Somers Point. S, Route 30 and Route 157 in Absecon. Eventually, the terminus of County Route 585 was truncated to the Somers Point Circle
13.
New Jersey Route 54
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Route 54 is a state highway located in Atlantic County in New Jersey, United States. It is considered to be an extension of U. S. Route 206, running 11.86 mi from an intersection with US206. The road passes through the center of Hammonton before running into rural areas and it intersects US322 and Route 73 in Folsom and the Atlantic City Expressway in Hammonton. What is now Route 54 was originally legislated in 1938 to run from US 30/US206 in Hammonton south to Main Road in Landis Township. The only part taken over as a highway and designated Route 54 was north of US40 in Buena. In 1953, Route 54 was defined onto its current alignment, a freeway was proposed along the Route 54 corridor in the late 1960s to connect the southern terminus of US206 in Hammonton to Route 55 in the Vineland/Millville area, it was eventually canceled. Route 54 begins at an intersection with US 40/County Route 557, known as Buena Hammonton Road, it proceeds north-northeast as a two-lane undivided road through agricultural areas, forming the border between Buena to the west and Buena Vista Township to the east. After fully entering Buena Vista Township and becoming 12th Street, the road reaches an intersection with CR690, at this point, Route 54 enters forested areas, with a few breaks for residences. Upon entering Folsom, the passes over a Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line before coming to a cloverleaf interchange with US322. After this interchange, the comes to a crossroads with Route 73. Following this intersection, Route 54 heads through a mix of woods and farm fields as it enters Hammonton, in the area of this interchange, the route is a four-lane divided highway. Past the Atlantic City Expressway, the two-lane undivided road comes to an intersection with CR559, from this point, Route 54 is lined with residences and businesses as it comes into downtown Hammonton. The road crosses New Jersey Transit’s Atlantic City Line immediately before a junction with CR561, after CR561, the route becomes Bellevue Avenue and encounters the western terminus of CR542. As the road leaves the area, the surroundings become more residential. Route 54 ends at an intersection with US30 and US206, by 1927, what is now Route 54 was an unnumbered, unpaved road connecting Buena to Hammonton. Route 54 was legislated in 1938 to run from US 30/Route 43 and US 206/Route 39 in Hammonton south along Lincoln Avenue to an intersection with Main Road in Landis Township, Cumberland County. The only portion of Route 54 that was taken over as a highway was north of the US 40/Route 48 intersection in Buena. The portion of Lincoln Avenue south of US40 remained a county route called CR25 in Cumberland County and CR55 and this road is presently both Cumberland and Atlantic CRs 655 and a part of Atlantic CR619
14.
New Jersey Route 177
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Route 177 was the shortest state highway recorded in Somerset County, New Jersey and the second shortest around the entire state of New Jersey. Route 177 went for a short,0.24 miles state-maintained portion of Bridge Street in Somerville, one of only three state highways in Somerset County after the 1953 state highway renumbering, Route 177 was the only one to be decommissioned later on. The short-lived designation went from U. S. Route 206 in Somerville, up Bridge Street near the Old Cemetery to Fifth Street, in 1974, the Department of Transportation turned maintenance of this short highway over to the borough of Somerville for future use. Route 177 began at a traffic light intersection with U. S. Route 206 in the city of Somerville, at the intersection, southbound traffic on Route 206 had to use a jughandle to connect to Route 177. The state highway went northeastward, progressing along as South Bridge Street through a curve, heading northward, the route passed the Somerville Old Cemetery before intersecting with Fifth Street. There, state-maintenance ended, and the designation of Route 177 terminated, entering downtown Somerville, South Bridge Street continued northward into a large residential community. After a couple of blocks of homes and businesses, South Bridge Street came to an intersection with New Jersey Route 28. The alignment of Route 177 was an alignment of State Highway Route 31 through Somerville. The highway was instated in 1926 as U. S. Route 206 and 1927 as State Highway Route 31 by the New Jersey State Highway Department, by 1930, Routes 206 and 31 was shifted off of Bridge Street, running along a partially completed bypass of Somerville. By 1938, this was completed and Route 206 was shifted to the terminus of Bridge Street south of the old cemetery. Bridge Street remained unnumbered until the state highway renumbering on January 1,1953. That day, the alignment became Route 177, running from US206 to Fifth Street. The route remained intact for a couple of decades, as one of three highways in Somerset County until 1974, when the route was decommissioned and turned over to the borough of Somerville. The entire route was in Somerville, Somerset County, roads portal New Jersey portal New Jersey Route 160 New Jersey Route 170 Moraseski, Dan, Alpert, Steve
15.
New Jersey Route 179
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Past this intersection, the road continues east as County Route 514. It is two-lane, undivided highway for most of its length with the exception of a stretch in Lambertville. The route crosses the Delaware River on the New Hope-Lambertville Bridge, PA179 and Route 179 follow a part of the 18th-century Old York Road which ran between Philadelphia and New York City. Prior to 1953, the road was Route S29 from the Delaware River to downtown Lambertville, the route was also part of US202, which was designated over 1926-created US122 in the mid-1930s. In 1953, the Route S29 and 29 designations were removed in favor of US202, Route 179 was formed in 1965 when a bypass for Ringoes was built for US202 and Route 69. Route 179 extended to Lambertville and PA179 was created in 1974 when the new US202 freeway, PA179 begins at an intersection with US202 in Solebury Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, heading east on two-lane undivided Lower York Road through commercial areas. The road crosses into the borough of New Hope and becomes Bridge Street as it passes near a shopping center, farther east, the route gains a center left-turn lane and enters more residential surroundings as it passes New Hope-Solebury High School. From this point, PA179 loses the center left-turn lane, upon crossing the New Hope and Ivyland Railroad, the route heads into the downtown of New Hope and intersects PA32. PA179 continues east to the New Hope-Lambertville Bridge over the Delaware River, at the middle of the New Hope-Lambertville Bridge, the road enters the city of Lambertville in Hunterdon County, New Jersey and becomes Route 179. It heads east through Lambertville on Bridge Street through the downtown area, from here the road continues northeast as the four-lane, undivided Thomas Paine Highway, entering West Amwell Township, where the road heads into farmland and narrows to two lanes. In East Amwell Township, the route intersects CR603, CR601, and CR605, the road eventually forms the border between West Amwell and East Amwell Township. Route 179 intersects the US202 freeway at a cloverleaf interchange. Past this interchange, the runs along the West Amwell/East Amwell township line until it entirely enters East Amwell Township again. In Ringoes, Route 179 intersects the old Route 31, forming a concurrency that lasts with that route until CR579 heads north on John Ringo Road. Route 179 continues northeast through residential areas on Old York Road to its terminus at the combined US 202/Route 31, the current alignment of PA179 and Route 179 was a part of Old York Road, a historical 18th-century road that connected Philadelphia to New York City. With the establishment of the U. S. Highway System in 1926, the route was designated as a part of US122, in Pennsylvania, the route was initially cosigned with PA52, that designation was removed by 1930. In the 1953 renumbering, the Route S29 and Route 29 designations were removed from the route in favor of US202, in addition, Route 30 became Route 69 to avoid conflicting with US30 in South Jersey. The bypass of Ringoes for US202 and Route 69 was opened in the 1960s, the new US202 freeway between the New Hope-Lambertville Toll Bridge and Route 179 southwest of Ringoes was completed in October 1974
16.
State highway
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Depending on the state, state highway may be used for one meaning and state road or state route for the other. In some countries such as New Zealand, the state is used in its sense of a nation. By this meaning a state highway is a maintained and numbered by the national government rather than local authorities. Australias State Route system covers urban and inter-regional routes that are not included in the National Route or the National Highway systems and these routes are marked with a blue shield. Sometimes a state route may be formed when a national route is decommissioned. Most states and territories have introduced an alphanumeric numbering system. Brazil is another country that is divided into states and has state highways, canada is divided into provinces and territories, each of which maintains its own system of provincial or territorial highways. Canadas federal National Highway System is a dual system which includes the Trans-Canada Highway network. Italys Strade Statali extend for some 18,000 km, overseen by the Azienda Nazionale Autonoma delle Strade founded in 1946, State highways in India are numbered highways that are laid and maintained by state governments. Mexicos State Highway System is a system of urban and state routes constructed and maintained by each Mexican state, the main purpose of the state networks is to serve as a feeder system to the federal highway system. All states except the Federal District operate a road network, each state marks these routes with a white shield containing the abbreviated name of the state plus the route number. New Zealand state highways are national highways – the word state in this sense means government or public, New Zealands state highway system is a nationwide network of roads covering the North Island and the South Island. As of 2006, just under 100 roads have a State Highway designation, the NZ Transport Agency administers them. The speed limit for most state highways is 100 km/h, with reductions when one passes through a populated area. The highways in New Zealand were originally designated on a system, national and provincial, with national highways having a higher standard. Now all of them are state highways, and the network consists of SH1 running the length of main islands, SH 2–5 and 10–58 in the North Island, and SH 6–8. National and provincial highways are numbered north to south. State Highway 1 runs the length of both islands, local highways are the next important roads under the National highways
17.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
18.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
19.
U.S. Route 202
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U. S. Route 202 is a highway stretching from Delaware to Maine, also passing through the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. The road has borne the number 202 since at least 1936, before this, sections of the road were designated U. S. Route 122, as it intersected U. S. Route 22. Its current designation is based on its intersection with US2 in Maine and this route is considerably longer than the eastern segment of US2, making it one of several 3-digit US routes to be longer than their parent routes. US202 begins at an interchange with US 13/US40 south of Wilmington and it runs north along the same road as Delaware Route 141, then joins with Interstate 95 through Wilmington. North of the city, it exits the freeway onto Concord Pike, heading north, US202 continues north towards the state line as a six-lane arterial road and is lined with numerous strip malls and big-box stores. US202 continues north toward West Chester, joining with US322 after intersecting U. S. Route 1. South of West Chester, US 202/322 exits onto a bypass of the borough, that is the old West Chester By-Pass. North of West Chester, US322 exits, and US202 continues north as a freeway towards Frazer, the stretch between Mill Lane in Malvern to King of Prussia was recently widened to three lanes in each direction. In King of Prussia, the forms a large, complicated interchange with the Schuylkill Expressway, the Pennsylvania Turnpike. East of Lansdale, in Montgomeryville, it turns into a parkway with a parallel trail and it continues northeast towards Doylestown, where it joins an older section of bypass at Pennsylvania Route 611 and proceeds north to the old alignment of Route 202. It continues as a road to New Hope, crossing the Delaware River on the New Hope-Lambertville Toll Bridge. On the toll bridge, US202 has two lanes in each direction and it continues a northeasterly course for about 5.7 miles as a freeway. This segment of US202 was earlier called the 202 bypass from its original route. The old section of 202 between New Hope and Ringoes, New Jersey is now NJ179 which is also Old York Road, in 1953, this section of Old York Road was renumbered US202. A small section of the US202 bypass was built in 1965, when the western section of the bypass was built to the Delaware River, the whole former segment was renamed 179. The section of the new US202 freeway section ends once it begins to run concurrently with NJ31 in East Amwell Township, the concurrency runs for five miles, to Flemington. This stretch, and the 13 miles between Flemington and Somerville, is a divided roadway. At Somerville, the road merges with US206 at a now-reconfigured Somerville Circle, parts of the old traffic circle, which also carries NJ28, remain below the US202 flyover
20.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
21.
Morristown Line
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The Morristown Line is one of New Jersey Transits commuter lines and is one of two branches that run along the Morris and Essex Lines. Passengers can transfer at Newark Broad Street or Summit to reach the other destination, there is frequent service weekdays, with hourly service to/from New York on weekends. Until August 13,2006, there was also hourly service to Hoboken, on that date, service between Hoboken and Summit was cut back to once every two hours on weekends. On May 11,2008, off-peak weekday Hoboken-Dover trains were cut, in addition, weekend Gladstone trains were cut back to Summit, and a shuttle trains is operated every two hours between Newark Broad Street and Hoboken Terminal. Recently the line between Millburn and Summit underwent extensive rehabilitation, more recently work has been progressing briskly on rehabilitating both tracks between Summit and Dover with concrete crossties and new welded rail, and rehabilitation of select road overpasses. Midtown Direct service was restored from Dover to New York on November 12,2012, service to Hoboken, the Morristown Line begins at the Hoboken Terminal or at New York Penn Station. Morristown line trains departing for points west of Dover, NJ require diesel locomotives, immediately after leaving Hoboken, the route passes the coach and diesel yards before entering the 1908 Bergen Tunnel under the New Jersey Palisades just past the East End interlocking. At the west portal of the Bergen Tunnel is West End interlocking, the Morristown Line then crosses over Lower Hack Lift, a vertical lift bridge built in 1927 over the Hackensack River. The line crosses under Route 7 and then passes NJ Transits Meadowlands Maintenance Complex, amtraks Northeast Corridor and the New Jersey Turnpike cross overhead. The Midtown Direct trains join the Morristown line from New York at Kearny Jct. just past this overpass, the Morristown Line parallels the Amtrak Northeast Corridor and PATH lines and Interstate 280 for a short distance here. The Waterfront Connection is just prior to the overpass at Meadows interlocking and it allows selected North Jersey Coast Line and Raritan Valley Line trains to reach Hoboken from the Northeast Corridor Line. After passing an abandoned station at Grove Street and over the Garden State Parkway, East Orange is the next stop, brick Church and Orange follow, also elevated stations. The line curves south over Interstate 280 past Highland Avenue and Mountain Station, south Orange is next, an elevated station with two platforms and three tracks. Seton Hall University is located here, Maplewood follows, with a side platform and a center platform serving all westbound and some eastbound trains. After Maplewood the line narrows to two tracks at Millburn interlocking, Millburn and Short Hills have two side platforms, with two tracks. Summit, a station is next with two high platforms and the station building above the tracks. A glass crossover passes above the platforms, some weekday locals terminate and originate here. Many of the private schools are located in Summit and commuting high school students are a major source of traffic for this station
22.
Warren County, New Jersey
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Warren County is a county located in the U. S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan area and is considered the eastern border of the Lehigh Valley. The most populous place was Phillipsburg, with 14,950 residents at the time of the 2010 Census, while Hardwick Township, covered 37.92 square miles, the largest total area of any municipality. Warren County was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 20,1824, at its creation, the county consisted of the townships of Greenwich, Independence, Knowlton, Mansfield, Oxford, and Pahaquarry. The county was named for Joseph Warren, an American hero of the Battle of Bunker Hill. According to the 2010 Census, the county had an area of 362.86 square miles. Warren County has rolling hills, with the Kittatinny Ridge in the west, Allamuchy Mountain and Jenny Jump Mountain are part of the New York – New Jersey Highlands, also known as the Reading Prong. Around 450 million years ago, a chain of volcanic islands collided with proto North America, the chain of islands went over the North American plate, thus the Highlands were created from the island rock and so was the Great Appalachian Valley. The Highlands is Allamuchy Mountains and the Jenny Jump Mountains, around 400 million years ago a small continent that was long and thin collided with proto North America. This created the Kittatinny Mountains, as the land was compressed from the collision, the quartzite that was lying in a shallow sea over top of the Martinsburg shale, folded and faulted due to pressure and heat. The quartzite lifted, thus the Kittatinny Mountain was born, the final collision was when the African plate collided with the North American plate. This was the episode of the building of the Appalachian Mountains. Then the African plate tore away from North America, then the Wisconsin Glacier covered the northern part of the county from 21,000 to 13,000 BC. This glacier covered the top of Kittatinny Mountain and carved the terrain in the part of the county. The terminal moraine runs from north of Belvidere to south of Great Meadows to north of Hackettstown, Blairstown Township, Hope Township, half of Independence Township, part of White Township, and all of Allamuchy Township was covered by the Glacier. When the glacier melted, a lake was formed at Great Meadows, slowly the lake drained leaving a large flat area filled with organic material. The county is drained by three rivers, all three rivers are shallow and narrow. They are fresh water rivers that are excellent for fishing, the Paulins Kill drains the western portion of the county
23.
Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods
24.
New Jersey Route 5
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Route 5 is a 3. 18-mile state highway located entirely in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It runs from U. S. Route 1/9 in Ridgefield east down the New Jersey Palisades to end at County Route 505 at the Hudson River in Edgewater, the route is a two- to four-lane undivided highway its entire length, passing mostly through wooded residential neighborhoods. The route passes under Route 63 in Palisades Park, with access to that provided by Bergen Boulevard. In 1927, the route was renumbered to Route 5, with plans to build a new alignment for the route between Ridgefield and Little Ferry. Route 5 was also planned to run concurrent with Route 6 between Paterson and Ridgefield, however, the plans were modified in 1929 to build Route 6 on a new alignment and have Route 5 end at Route 1 in Ridgefield. The former alignment was designated as Route 10N with maintenance eventually turned over to the county, the eastern terminus of Route 5 was moved to its current location by the 2000s. In 2007, construction began to improve the route in Palisades Park by replacing bridges and widening the road, Route 5 begins at an intersection with U. S. Route 1/9 in Ridgefield, heading east as a two-lane undivided road through residential areas. It crosses County Route 31 and enters Palisades Park, in Palisades Park, the road passes over Delia Avenue and turns south as it heads through wooded residential neighborhoods. Route 5 passes under Route 63 and enters Fort Lee, where the route immediately intersects Bergen Boulevard, from there, the road heads east through wooded neighborhoods before turning north onto Glen Road. Route 5 comes to an intersection with County Route 29 and County Route 54 and it meets the southern terminus of Route 67 and continues south along that road. After 0.36 mi of following Palisade Avenue, Route 5 makes a turn onto a two-lane road. The route descends the New Jersey Palisades on a road with hairpin turns. In Edgewater, the road heads through commercial areas before ending at County Route 505 along the Hudson River. Pre-1927 Route 10 was legislated in 1916 to run from Paterson east by way of Hackensack, from Paterson it used the existing Paterson and Hackensack Turnpike to Hackensack and the Bergen Turnpike to Ridgefield. Rather than use existing roads from Ridgefield down the Palisades to Edgewater and this road was built by 1922. At its east end, Route 10 ran south several blocks on River Road to the ferry, in Ridgefield, Broad Avenue was used to get between the new alignment and Bergen Turnpike. In the 1927 New Jersey state highway renumbering, Route 10 was renumbered to Route 5, plans at the time were to build a new alignment from east of Ridgefield to Little Ferry southeast of Hackensack and form Route S5 along the old road from Little Ferry to Ridgefield. In 1929, the routes were redefined, Route 6 would be a completely new alignment from Paterson to the George Washington Bridge, and Route 5 would only run east from Route 1 in Ridgefield
25.
Freeway
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A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway, other similar terms include Interstate and parkway. Some of which may be limited-access highways, although this term can refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following Vienna convention, the motorway qualification implies they are forbidden for walking or parking, a controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals, intersections or property access. They are free of any at-grade crossings with roads, railways, or pedestrian paths. Entrances and exits to the highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads, on the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety and capacity, controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924 connecting Milan to Varese, Germany began to build its first 30-kilometre autobahn controlled-access highway without speed limits in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn. It then rapidly constructed a system of such roads in anticipation of their use in the Second World War. The first North American freeways opened in the New York City area in the 1920s, Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway, the Preston By-pass, until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature a network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel. Many have a national-level or even international-level system of route numbering, exit is marked with another symbol. The definitions of motorway from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical, british Standards Motorway, Limited-access dual carriageway road, not crossed on the same level by other traffic lanes, for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicle. ITE Freeway, A divided major roadway with full control of access and this definition applies to toll as well as toll-free roads. Freeway A, This designates roadways with greater complexity and high traffic volumes. Usually this type of freeway will be found in areas in or near the central core. Freeway B, This designates all other divided roadways with full control of access where lighting is needed, principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control, other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads
26.
New Jersey Route 24
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Route 24 is a state highway in New Jersey, United States, that extends 10. The route is a four- to six-lane freeway its entire length, the route was created in 1927 to run from Phillipsburg to Newark, replacing pre-1927 Route 12 from Phillipsburg to Penwell and Pre-1927 Route 5 from Morristown to Newark. The route was extended west to the new Easton–Phillipsburg Toll Bridge in 1938 but was cut back to U. S. Route 22 in the part of Phillipsburg in 1953. The western terminus was cut back further around 1970 to Hackettstown with the route west of there becoming part of Route 57, the freeway alignment of Route 24 between the John F. Kennedy Parkway and Interstate 78 was completed in 1972. With the completion of this freeway, Route 24 east of the John F. Kennedy Parkway became Route 124, at this time, the alignment of Route 24 between U. S. The former route between Hackettstown and Morristown is still referred to as Route 24 by many and is signed as such due to local outcry. Route 24 begins at an interchange with Interstate 287 in Hanover Township, Morris County, the route interchanges with County Route 511 with a westbound exit and eastbound entrance and crosses into Morris Township. Just past this interchange, the freeway crosses into Florham Park, heading southeast, Route 24 passes under Tri-Borough Road and enters Chatham Borough. An abandoned cloverleaf interchange exists at this location, as Tri-Borough Road was to be an extension of the Eisenhower Parkway, Route 24 crosses into Millburn Township, Essex County, widens to six lanes, and passes over the Passaic River. In Millburn Township, the interchanges with Route 124, County Route 649. This interchange provides access to The Mall at Short Hills, Route 24 continues along the Summit-Millburn border until it fully enters Millburn and intersects County Route 608 with a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. Past this interchange, the Route 124 frontage road ends, with Route 124 following the freeway closely to the north as a two-way road, and Route 24 crosses into Summit. The freeway interchanges with County Route 512 with an exit and entrance and eastbound exit and County Route 527 with an eastbound exit and entrance. Route 24 continues southeast toward its terminus at an interchange with Interstate 78, two spurs of Route 24 numbered Route S24 were created in 1927, both of which were renumbered in the 1953 renumbering. The western Route S24 ran northeast from Penwell to Hackettstown, and is now mostly Route 57, the eastern Route S24 ran from Springfield to Elizabeth, and is now mostly Route 82. In addition, Route 24N was a number for the approach to the new Delaware River crossing in Phillipsburg that opened in 1938. However, before the bridge opened, Route 24N was instead simply as an extension of Route 24. Between 1938 and 1941, this segment was designated as part of a rerouted U. S. Route 22
27.
New Jersey Route 208
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Route 208 is a state highway in the northern part of New Jersey in the United States. It runs 10.07 miles from an interchange with Route 4, the route runs through suburban areas of Bergen and Passaic counties as four- to six-lane divided highway. It is constructed like a freeway, as intersections with cross roads are controlled by interchanges, but is not a controlled access road as several driveways exist. The route runs through the communities of Fair Lawn, Glen Rock, Hawthorne, Wyckoff and this route replaced what was planned as a part of Route 3 in 1927 between Paterson and Greenwood Lake. By the time the route was renumbered to Route 208 in 1953 to match NY208, Route 208 was completed west to U. S. Route 202 in Oakland by 1960 as a two-lane undivided road, it would be built into its present configuration in later years. A Route 208 freeway was planned across the Ramapo Mountains from Oakland to connect to a proposed NY208 freeway at Greenwood Lake, however, it was never built. After I-287 was extended from Montville to the New York border in 1993, the last traffic signal along Route 208 at McBride Avenue was removed in 1995 and the interchange with Route 4 and Saddle River Road was reconstructed in 2002. Route 208 is constructed like a freeway, however, at no point does it meet the standard of controlled access, several streets and private driveways abut the road throughout its length, with right-in/right-out access, however, no traffic may cross the highway at grade. Traffic moves in at least two lanes in each direction for the entire length of 10.07 miles, widening briefly to three lanes next to a commercial area in Fair Lawn and near its northern terminus. The road originates at an interchange with Route 4 in Fair Lawn, Bergen County that also includes ramps for County Route 79, shortly after beginning, a ramp from southbound Route 208 provides access via Virginia Drive to westbound Route 4. The next exit is a interchange with County Route 78. Past the latter, the passes over New Jersey Transit’s Bergen County Line and comes to a southbound exit. From here, the turns to the northwest, passing near more neighborhoods before coming to an interchange with County Route 76. Past this interchange, the direction of Route 208 widens to three lanes and it continues into commercial areas, with some driveways along the road and an intersection with McBride Avenue. At this point, the highway passes a park, including a Nabisco plant on the right side. A short distance later, the road reaches the interchange with County Route 507, past this interchange, the road enters Glen Rock and has a northbound exit and entrance with De Boer Drive before crossing over the New Jersey Transit Main Line. Past the railroad crossing, Route 208 heads through wooded areas prior to a northbound interchange with County Route 653. County Route 653 and Route 208 are connected by a segment of County Route 664
28.
Greenwood Lake
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Greenwood Lake is an interstate lake approximately seven miles long, straddling the border of New York and New Jersey. It is located in Greenwood Lake, New York and West Milford, the lake was originally called Quampium by the Munsee Native Americans who lived there. It was renamed Long Pond by Europeans, who settled the area in the 18th century for farming and ironmaking, and eventually came to be re-christened Greenwood Lake. It was dammed up ca.1765 by Peter Hasenclever of The American Company to increase the size of the lake for water power used downstream at the Long Pond Ironworks. The original dam was located even with is todays Fox Island, in 1837, the lake was again dammed, but at the location of the current dam, this time by the Morris Canal & Banking Company to supply water to the Pompton Feeder of the Morris Canal. The enlarged lake began to attract tourists, the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railway reached the lake at Awosting around 1874, and the State Line depot was established around 1876. There were also other steamers that were run, such as the Pioneer and the Anita, and smaller steam launches, such as the Wilhemina, the Carrie T. These steamboats met the trains and took passengers to the various resorts around the lake in both states, there is a seaplane area on the lake, a few large marinas and lakeside restaurants with docks. Greenwood Lake Airport just south of the lake has a long enough to handle small jets. There are numerous marinas and restaurants along Greenwood Lake, in 2011, the film The Magic of Bell Isle starring Morgan Freeman was filmed along the lake. Official on-line news blog for the Village of Greenwood Lake Village website History of Greenwood Lake, Steve Gross
29.
Passaic County, New Jersey
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Passaic County is a county in the U. S. state of New Jersey that is part of the New York metropolitan area. 3% from 2010. Passaic County was created on February 7,1837, from portions of Bergen County, the highest point is any one of six areas on Bearfort Ridge in West Milford at approximately 1,480 feet above sea level. The lowest elevation is approximately 20 feet along the Passaic River in Clifton, the southeastern, more populous half of the county is either flat near the river or mildly hilly. The northwestern section is rugged and mountainous, according to the 2010 Census, the county had a total area of 197.10 square miles, including 184.59 square miles of land and 12.51 square miles of water. As of the census of 2010, there were 501,226 people,166,785 households, the population density was 2,715.3 per square mile. There were 175,966 housing units at a density of 953.3 per square mile. [[Hispanic |Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37. 04% of the population,22. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the family size was 3.45. In the county, the population was out with 24. 9% under the age of 18,10. 3% from 18 to 24,27. 1% from 25 to 44,25. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36.1 years, for every 100 females there were 94.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 91.1 males, same-sex couples headed one in 149 households in 2010. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 489,049 people,163,856 households, the population density was 2,639 people per square mile. There were 170,048 housing units at a density of 918 per square mile. 29. 95% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, among those who reported their ancestry,16. 6% were of Italian,9. 5% Irish,8. 1% German and 6. 2% Polish ancestry according to Census 2000. 22. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.42. In the county, the population was out with 26. 10% under the age of 18,9. 30% from 18 to 24,31. 30% from 25 to 44,21. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 94.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $49,210, and the median income for a family was $56,054
30.
Electric power transmission
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Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation. The interconnected lines which facilitate this movement are known as a transmission network and this is distinct from the local wiring between high-voltage substations and customers, which is typically referred to as electric power distribution. The combined transmission and distribution network is known as the grid in North America. In the United Kingdom, the network is known as the National Grid, for example, there are four major interconnections in North America, and one large grid for most of continental Europe. Most transmission lines are high-voltage three-phase alternating current, although single phase AC is sometimes used in railway electrification systems, high-voltage direct-current technology is used for greater efficiency over very long distances. HVDC technology is used in submarine power cables, and in the interchange of power between grids that are not mutually synchronized. HVDC links are used to large power distribution networks where sudden new loads, or blackouts, in one part of a network can result in synchronization problems. Electricity is transmitted at high voltages to reduce the loss which occurs in long-distance transmission. Power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines, underground power transmission has a significantly higher installation cost and greater operational limitations, but reduced maintenance costs. Underground transmission is used in urban areas or environmentally sensitive locations. A lack of energy storage facilities in transmission systems leads to a key limitation. Electrical energy must be generated at the rate at which it is consumed. A sophisticated control system is required to ensure that the power generation very closely matches the demand, if the demand for power exceeds supply, the imbalance can cause generation plant and transmission equipment to automatically disconnect and/or shut down to prevent damage. In the worst case, this may lead to a series of shut downs. Examples include the US Northeast blackouts of 1965,1977,2003, Transmission companies determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line to ensure that spare capacity is available in the event of a failure in another part of the network. High-voltage overhead conductors are not covered by insulation, the conductor material is nearly always an aluminum alloy, made into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands. Copper was sometimes used for transmission, but aluminum is lighter, yields only marginally reduced performance. Overhead conductors are a commodity supplied by companies worldwide
31.
Mount Tabor, New Jersey
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Mount Tabor is an unincorporated community that was founded as a Methodist camp meeting in what is now Parsippany-Troy Hills, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Camp Meetings, which are outdoor religious revival services, began for the purpose of revitalizing faith, the hill they found for the relocation of the Newark Conference camp meeting was part of a piece of farmland owned by Stephan Dickerson. Dickersons farmhouse was located on the first hole of what is now the Mount Tabor Country Club. The house was torn down years ago, but its cornerstone is now located in the chimney of a house owned by a member of the Dickerson family at the corner of Route 53. As part of the agreement of sale, the Dickersons were given the right to operate a store within the campground, to this day, the Dickerson family owns the Foodtown store at the bottom of the hill, on Route 53. The Mount Tabor camp meeting was located in what was then Hanover Township, in 1928, Hanover Township was divided into three municipalities and Mount Tabor became part of the newly formed Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills. In 1869, the same year Mount Tabor was incorporated, the Newark Conference began to establish another camp meeting in Ocean Grove and this was the premier camp meeting of the Newark Conference and one of the jewels in the crown of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mount Tabor ceased to be a religious camp meeting by about 1891. The Methodist Episcopal Church merged with two other Methodist churches to form the Methodist Church, the state supreme court forced each community to become officially incorporated into the neighboring municipalities of Parsippany-Troy Hills and Neptune Township, respectively. Since then, the municipal duties were transferred to Parsippany. The CMA is governed by twelve elected homeowners, empowered to act as the board of trustees of the CMA, Mount Tabor homeowners own their houses but lease the land on which the homes are built. The land is leased yearly from the CMA for a nominal amount, in August 1869, the crowds of Methodist campers, many of whom were from the large industrial cities in northern New Jersey, gathered in the rustic area for the ten-day camp meeting. Before living in tents, many set up home in their horse driven wagons in which they rode to the camp meeting. Many tent owners built wooden floors and cabinets inside their tents to protect belongings from the long, the main focus of the camp meeting was to conduct religious services, which included preaching and prayer, and for the purpose of religious education. Religious services were once a day, and three times on Sunday. In addition to attending services, families strolled along trails which wound their way through the woodlands of Mount Tabor and Tabor Lake and those campers unaccustomed to roughing it in tents the country could choose to board at the new Arlington Hotel. The hotel was built in 1877 by Trustee David Campbell with the understanding that when he had reimbursed himself from its income, however, over time the quaint Arlington fell into such disrepair it had to be taken down many years ago. Part of the remains and is being used as a retaining wall for the towns parking lot
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Montclair-Boonton Line
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The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division, the Montclair-Boonton line was formed when the Montclair Connection opened on September 30,2002. The line serves 28 active rail stations in New Jersey along with New York Pennsylvania Station and it crosses through six counties, serving six stations in the township of Montclair, two in the town of Bloomfield, and one in the city of Newark. Trains to Hoboken run only at rush hour, Passengers can transfer at Secaucus Junction, Newark Broad Street Station, Montclair State University, or Dover to reach other destinations if necessary. This was an extension of existing Hoboken-to-Newark service, previously listed on the Morris & Essex timetables, plans for connecting the two lines dated back to 1929, when a rail connection through Montclair was proposed. Despite years of debate over the connection, nothing came to fruition until 1991, Lackawanna Terminal in Montclair closed in 1981, replaced by the new Bay Street station on the alignment that eventually would extend to the connection. Service began on September 30,2002 and three stations on the old Boonton Line were closed, Benson Street in Glen Ridge, Rowe Street in Bloomfield, besides the Montclair Connection, service was extended in 1994 from Netcong station to Hackettstown via tracks owned by Conrail. Stations at Roseville Avenue in Newark, Ampere in East Orange, and Great Notch in Little Falls were closed in 1984,1991, and 2010 respectively. There is also a proposal to extend service along the Washington Secondary as a rapid improvement to the New Jersey Route 57 corridor via Washington Borough to Phillipsburg. The Montclair Branch was chartered in 1852 as the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad, running through Bloomfield, however, tracks were not constructed along the owned right-of-way until 1856, in June of that year trains began running between Newark, Bloomfield, and West Bloomfield. The railroad had a deficit to start, the ticket agent at West Bloomfield was also the brakeman for the one-car train. On April 1,1868, the Morris & Essex Railroad bought out the alignment of the Newark, the Morris & Essex began running services on the line, which was renamed the Montclair Branch when West Bloomfield was similarly renamed to Montclair shortly after. In 1912, the Montclair Branch was depressed, elevated, and double tracked, the stations at Watsessing Avenue and Glen Ridge were constructed below street level, while Ampere and Bloomfield stations were constructed above street level. Roseville Avenue station was depressed,22 feet below street level. In June 1913, the new Lackawanna Terminal opened in Montclair, William H. Botsford designed it, but did not live to see it open as he died in the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. The brick station building followed a Grecian-Doric style of architecture, which included creative uses of concrete for the arches, Lackawanna Terminal had six tracks and three concrete platforms, with a large bridge which carried Grove Street in Montclair over the tracks. The Montclair Branch was the first fully electrified suburban railroad, wired in 1930, the inaugural train was driven by Thomas Edison, who had helped develop the line. On July 26,1945, the Morris & Essex Railroad Company was officially dissolved, and the became part of the Delaware, Lackawanna
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Denville station
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Denville is a large NJ Transit station in Denville. Located on Estling Road, the station serves both the Morristown Line and the Montclair-Boonton Line, with service to Hoboken or to New York City via Midtown Direct. Denville Tower was constructed as a tower for the junction between the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroads Boonton Branch and Main Line. The station is the end of a short stretch on the Montclair-Boonton Line. After the fork, Morristown Line trains serve Mount Tabor station and Montclair-Boonton Line trains serve the Mountain Lakes station, from Rockaway, the trains headed southwesterly into Dover. As part of the project, the Morristown line was curved westward. The track segment between Denville and Rockaway saw limited service after the 1930s, with service on the Rockaway Branch ending in 1948, interstate 80 now occupies a short portion of the right-of-way. The New Jersey State Historic Preservation Office considered adding the station to their historic building list, however never went through. Denville Tower was given consideration, twice, once in 1978 and again in 1999, but has yet to join the State Register of Historic Places or National Register of Historic Places
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Dual carriageway
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A dual carriageway is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation. Roads with two or more carriageways which are designed to higher standards with controlled access are generally classed as motorways, freeways, a road without a central reservation is a single carriageway regardless of the number of lanes. Dual carriageways have improved road traffic safety over single carriageways and typically have speed limits as a result. In some places, express lanes and local/collector lanes are used within a system to provide more capacity. A very early example of a dual carriageway was the Via Portuensis, in 1907 the Long Island Motor Parkway opened, and roughly 20% of it featured a semi-dual-carriageway design. The New York City Belt Parkway system, which was built between 1907 and 1934, also pioneered the same design, however the majority of it featured concrete or brick railings as lane dividers instead of grass medians. In 1924 the first Italian autostrada was opened running 55 km from Milan to Varese and it featured a broad road bed and did not feature lane dividers except near cities and through the mountains. The London end of the Great West Road became Britains first dual carriageway when it was opened in 1925 by King George V, in 1927 the Rome bypass was opened. It ran 92 km bypassing Rome to the east, almost the entire length featured a dual-carriageway design. In the early 1930s it was extended all the way to Naples. Most of the routing was destroyed by the Allies in the World War II. By 1930 several US and European cities had built dual-carriageway highways, in 1932 the first German autobahn opened between Cologne and Bonn. It ran 21 km and became a precedent for future highways, although it, like the first autostrada, did not feature a dual-carriageway design, it inspired the mass construction of future high-speed roadways. During the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union began construction of a network of dual carriageway expressways. By 1942, Germany had over 3,200 km of dual carriageway roads, Italy had nearly 1,300 km, opened to traffic in 1940, the 160-mile-long Pennsylvania Turnpike was the first rural dual carriageway built in the United States. By 1955 several states had built dual carriageway freeways and turnpikes, completed in 1994, the major highway system links all the major cities of the United States. In the UK, although the dual carriageway applies to any road with physically separated lanes. Such major dual carriageways usually have two lanes of traffic in each direction, with the lane nearest the centre being reserved for overtaking, occasionally dual carriageways have only one lane in each direction, or more than two lanes each way
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Morristown, New Jersey
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Morristown is a town in Morris County, New Jersey, United States and the seat of Morris County. Morristown has been called the capital of the American Revolution because of its strategic role in the war for independence from Great Britain. Today this history is visible in a variety of locations throughout the town that make up Morristown National Historical Park. According to British colonial records, the first permanent European settlement at Morristown occurred in 1715, Morris County was created on March 15,1739, from portions of Hunterdon County. The county, and ultimately Morristown itself, was named for the popular Governor of the Province, Lewis Morris, who championed benefits for the colonists. Morristown was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 6,1865, within Morris Township, the area was inhabited by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans for up to 6,000 years prior to exploration by Europeans. Morristown was settled around 1715 by English Presbyterians from Southold, New York on Long Island and New Haven, the towns central location and road connections led to its selection as the seat of the new Morris County shortly after its separation from Hunterdon County on March 15,1739. The village and county were named for Lewis Morris, the first, by the middle of the 18th century, Morristown had 250 residents, with two churches, a courthouse, two taverns, two schools, several stores, and numerous mills and farms nearby. George Washington first came to Morristown in May 1773, two years before the Revolutionary War broke out, and traveled there to New York City together with John Parke Custis. In 1777, General George Washington and the Continental Army marched from the victories at Trenton and Princeton to encamp near Morristown from January to May, Washington had his headquarters during that first encampment at Jacob Arnolds Tavern located at the Morristown Green in the center of the town. Morristown was selected for its strategic location. It was between Philadelphia and New York and near New England, the churches were used for inoculations for smallpox. That first headquarters, Arnolds Tavern, was eventually moved.5 miles south of the green onto Mount Kemble Avenue to become All Souls Hospital in the late 19th century. It suffered a fire in 1918, and the structure was demolished. From December 1779 to June 1780 the Continental Armys second encampment at Morristown was at Jockey Hollow, then, Washingtons headquarters in Morristown was located at the Ford Mansion, a large mansion near what was then the edge of town. Fords widow and children shared the house with Martha Washington and officers of the Continental Army, the winter of 1780 was the worst winter of the Revolutionary War. The starvation was complicated by inflation of money and lack of pay for the army. The entire Pennsylvania contingent successfully mutinied and later,200 New Jersey soldiers attempted to emulate them, during Washingtons second stay, in March 1780, he declared St. Patricks Day a holiday to honor his many Irish troops
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New Jersey Route 124
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Route 124 is a state highway in the northern part of New Jersey in the United States that is 14.74 mi long. It is the section of what used to be Route 24 before that road was realigned to its current freeway alignment. The route runs through areas of Morris County, passing through Madison. It interchanges with Route 24 on the border of Millburn, Essex County and Summit, Union County, upon splitting from Route 24, Route 124 continues east through Springfield Township, Union Township, and Maplewood to its eastern terminus. The alignment of today’s Route 124 was first designated as a part of pre-1927 Route 5 in 1916, in 1927, this portion of the route became a part of Route 24, a route that was to run from Phillipsburg to Newark. A freeway, which is the current alignment of Route 24, was proposed for this portion of the route in the 1950s that was approved in 1960, in 1992, the Route 24 freeway was completed between I-287 in Hanover Township and the John F. Kennedy Parkway. As a result, Route 124 was extended west along the former Route 24 to U. S. Route 202 in Morristown, Route 124 begins at the intersection of US202 and CR510 at the Park Place square in the downtown of Morristown, Morris County. From here, it heads to the southeast as South Street, at the intersection with CR663, the road widens to four lanes. A short distance later, CR601 continues southeast on South Street and Route 124 bears left to head east on Madison Avenue, past this interchange, the road passes Morristown Memorial Hospital and continues through mainly commercial areas with some homes. Route 124 continues into residential areas and crosses into Madison. Here, the passes near some business parks before intersecting CR636. Past this intersection, the passes between residential neighborhoods to the northeast and Drew University to the southwest. Route 124 crosses over the Morristown Line near James Park and becomes Main Street, here, the road intersects CR647 and CR608. Past the Rosedale Avenue intersection, the heads into a mix of residential. Route 124 enters Chatham at the intersection with Brooklake Road/Division Avenue, in the center of the town, the route intersects CR638 and CR607 before continuing east. Route 124 crosses the Passaic River and runs along the border of Millburn, Essex County to the north and Summit, Union County, coming to an interchange with the Route 24 freeway. Here, the route becomes a road for the Route 24 freeway that has two lanes in each direction. The road passes to the south of The Mall at Short Hills before running through the Canoe Brook Country Club and it heads southeast into wooded residential neighborhoods and intersects Union CR657, where the Route 124 frontage road has ramps to Route 24
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Morris Plains station
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Morris Plains is a New Jersey Transit station in Morris Plains, Morris County, New Jersey, United States, along the Morristown Line at U. S. Route 202. The former Lackawanna station was built in 1915 and has a station house. It was designed by architect Frank J. Nies who built other stations for the Delaware, Lackawanna, unlike most of his stations which tended to resemble massive cathedrals, Morris Plains Station was built as a simple one-story structure, which also contains a unique Spanish tile roof. An old freight station just to the north now serves for a model railroad club. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 22,1984, National Register of Historic Places listings in Morris County, New Jersey Littleton Road entrance from Google Maps Street View
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New Jersey Route 23
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Route 23 is a state highway in the northern part of New Jersey in the United States. The freeway carries Route 23 north to a concurrency with U. S. Route 202, Route 23 was established in 1927 to run from Verona to the New York border near Port Jervis, replacing pre-1927 Route 8 between Verona and Sussex. The route followed two turnpikes that were created in the early 19th century, the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike, in the mid-1950s, there were plans to build an Interstate Highway along Route 23 between Interstate 80 and Interstate 287, but it was never built. Route 23 begins at an intersection with County Route 506 and County Route 577 in Verona, heading to the north through residences and some businesses along four-lane, undivided Pompton Avenue. After a short distance, the forms the border between Cedar Grove to the west and Verona to the east before fully enters Cedar Grove. In Cedar Grove, the narrows to two lanes at the County Route 640 before widening to four lanes again at the County Route 639 intersection. Shortly before leaving Cedar Grove, Route 23 crosses County Route 604, the road crosses into Little Falls, Passaic County, where it narrows to two lanes and becomes the Newark-Pompton Turnpike. Route 23 passes two shopping malls, Willowbrook Mall and Wayne Towne Center, and enters the Spaghetti Bowl interchange with U. S. Route 46 and Interstate 80. Route 23 continues north with frontage roads serving businesses, coming to an interchange with U. S. Route 202 and County Route 511 Alternate, forming a concurrency with U. S. Route 202. At a U-turn ramp, the direction of County Route 504 follows both directions of the road, having to use the ramp in order to continue across the road. Northbound U. S. Route 202 splits from Route 23, at this point, the westbound direction of County Route 504 and the southbound direction of U. S. Route 202 follow southbound Route 23 until an intersection. Route 23 crosses into Pequannock Township in Morris County and passes over the Pompton River, in Pequannock, the road is a six-lane divided highway with at-grade intersections, some controlled by jughandles, that heads through a mix of businesses and woodland. At the north end of Pequannock, it intersects County Route 660, the route intersects County Route 511 Alternate and crosses into Riverdale, with County Route 511 Alternate following Route 23 until it heads to the north on the Newark-Pompton Turnpike. Route 23 interchanges with Interstate 287 and climbs a hill past the interchange, the route runs through Kinnelon before entering Butler. In Butler, Route 23 passes through areas, crossing County Route 511 before heading northwest. The road drops to four lanes, still divided by a Jersey barrier and it heads under Maple Lake Road before passing through Kinnelon again. Upon leaving Kinnelon, the route enters West Milford in Passaic County at the crossing of the Pequannock River, at this point, the route enters a more wooded, mountainous setting, following the Pequannock River. Route 23 joins the Hamburg Turnpike and the splits, with the southbound lanes crossing over the Pequannock River into Kinnelon for a time
39.
New York State Route 208
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New York State Route 208 is a state highway located in southern New York in the United States. The southern terminus is at an intersection with NY 17M in the Orange County village of Monroe and its northern terminus is located at an intersection with NY32 and NY299 in the Ulster County village of New Paltz. 208 is a road for its entire length. The northern third, between Wallkill and New Paltz, boasts a near-continuous view of the Shawangunk Ridge, from its southern terminus at a busy traffic light in Monroe, NY208 quickly crosses U. S. Round Hill Elementary School heralds the approach of the village. Shortly after entering Washingtonville, it intersects with NY94, again it crosses the village line rather quickly, going through some sharp curves as it enters more open farmland. Here 208 also deviates from its course, heading much more westward as it picks up the headwaters of Moodna Creek and passes its source. Shortly afterwards, it turns northward at the Sarah Wells Trail junction. Eventually the land surrounding the highway again becomes more wooded and it goes through a short tunnel under the railroad tracks shared by Norfolk Southern. A mile or so past the tunnel,208 abruptly reaches NY207 outside the hamlet of Rock Tavern. 208 overlaps 207 for a hundred yards as the two roads pass small Browns Pond and a weir, then 208 once again left to go north alongside the pond. It passes the west boundary of Stewart State Forest, goes over a rail spur, once part of the Wallkill Valley Railroad and then enters Maybrook. A feature of town is the large Yellow Freight terminal in its north end. Shortly after leaving Maybrook,208 reaches Interstate 84 and this exit, the only one for several miles in either direction on the Interstate Highway, contains several businesses. Here, for the point on its entire length,208 swells beyond two lanes with the addition of turn lanes for the interstates onramps. There is a heavy presence at the Rt.208. Several companies have built facilities on Neelytown Road, including Home Depot, Cardinal Health. Also found in area is Federal Express Freight, Yellow Freight. North of I-84, the remains a two-lane until it intersects with NY 17K at Scotts Corners
40.
Orange County, New York
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Orange County is a county located in the U. S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 372,813 and this county was first created in 1683 and reorganized with its present boundaries in 1798. Orange County is included in the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area and it is in the states Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley. The County Executive is Steve Neuhaus, as of the 2010 census the centre of population of New York state was located in Orange County, approximately three miles west of the hamlet of Westbrookville. Orange County was officially established on November 1,1683, when the Province of New York was divided into twelve counties. Each of these was named to honor a member of the British royal family, and Orange County took its name from the Prince of Orange, as originally defined, Orange County included only the southern part of its present-day territory, plus all of present-day Rockland County further south. The northern part of the county, beyond Moodna Creek, was then a part of neighbouring Ulster County. Due to its small population, the original Orange County was not fully independent and was administered by New York County. The first European settlers in the area of the county arrived in 1685. They were a party of around twenty-five families from Scotland, led by David Toshach, the Laird of Monzievaird, and his brother-in-law Major Patrick McGregor and they settled in the Hudson Highlands at the place where the Moodna Creek enters the Hudson River, now known as New Windsor. In 1709, a group of German Palatine refugees settled at Newburgh and they were Protestants from a part of Germany along the Rhine that had suffered during the religious wars. Queen Annes government arranged for passage from England of nearly 3,000 Palatines in ten ships, many were settled along the Hudson River in work camps on property belonging to Robert Livingston. A group of Dutch and English settlers arrived at Goshen in 1712, additional immigrants came from Ireland, they were of Scots and English descent who had been settled as planters there. In 1798, after the American Revolutionary War, the boundaries of Orange County changed and its southern corner was used to create the new Rockland County, and in exchange, an area to the north of the Moodna Creek was added, which had previously been in Ulster County. This caused a reorganization of the administration, as the original county seat had been fixed at Orangetown in 1703. The county court was established in 1801 and it was not until 1970 that Goshen was named as the sole county seat. Due to a dispute between New York and New Jersey, the boundaries of many of the southern towns of the county were not definitively established until the 19th century. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 839 square miles
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Somerville, New Jersey
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Somerville is a borough in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It is the county seat of Somerset County, Somerville was originally formed as a town on March 25,1863, within a portion of Bridgewater Township. The borough is named for Somerset in England, Somerville was settled in colonial times primarily by the Dutch who purchased land from the English proprietors of the colony. The Dutch established their church near what is today Somerville and a Dutch Reformed minister or Domine lived at the Old Dutch Parsonage from about 1754, the early village grew up around a church, courthouse and a tavern built at a crossroads shortly after the American Revolution. Early industry included brick making from the red clay and shale on which Somerville is built. While much of the borough features distinctive Victorian architecture in several neighborhoods and along its Main Street, near the Wallace House is the Old Dutch Parsonage, where Reverend Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh, a founder and first president of Rutgers University, then called Queens College, lived. Register listed Victorian structures include the James Harper Smith Estate, St. Johns Episcopal Church and rectory, other notable, register eligible structures are the Victorian train station and the municipal building, the former Robert Mansion. Originally the center of commerce, the borough has evolved into a destination for boutique retail. Main Street Somerville maintains most of its buildings, although many are now boutique specialty shops. Somerville has quite a diverse and large selection of restaurants that people from the surrounding area. In many ways, Somerville remains Somerset Countys downtown, and is the heart of its designated Regional Center, several of the factories in Somerville were abandoned and replaced with modern office buildings or remodeled as apartments. Somerville today and historically has had an important African American community, another famous Somerville native was famed character actor Lee Van Cleef. One of the founders of modern American Dance, Ruth St. Denis, made her debut at Somerset Hall, once a vaudeville theatre. The mix of amenities and an interesting and diverse past make Main Street. Ground was broken for a new world class ShopRite supermarket in March 2011, Borough planners envision a transit village style redevelopment centered around the Somerville train station. Somerville was hit hard by Hurricane Floyd in September 1999, despite its having been downgraded to a storm by the time it impacted the vicinity. The borough received a record 13.34 inches of rain over three days during the slow moving storm, causing significant flooding and considerable damage. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 2.362 square miles
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Dover, New Jersey
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Dover is a town in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. Located on the Rockaway River, Dover is about 31 miles west of New York City and about 23 miles west of Newark, New Jersey. Dover has become a majority minority community, with nearly 70% of the population as of the 2010 Census identifying themselves as Hispanic, up from 25% in 1980. Joseph Latham was deeded the land that includes present-day Dover in 1713, on May 31,1722, Latham and his wife Jane deeded 527 acres over to John Jackson of Flushing, New York. Jackson settled on the portion of his land along Grannys Brook at the site of what would later become the Ross Ribbon Factory on Park Heights Avenue. Iron ore at the time was so plentiful that it could be collected off the ground at the nearby Dickerson Mine in Mine Hill, at Jacksons Forge, ore would be processed into bars that would then be transported to Paterson and other industrial areas towards the east. The passage of the Iron Act by the British Parliament led to difficulties, leading Jackson into bankruptcy in 1753, with all of his property. Quaker Hartshorne Fitz Randolph purchased Jacksons property and annexed to his own existing property, Dover was incorporated as a town on April 1,1869, within Randolph Township and became fully independent as of March 5,1896. The town charter was amended in 1875, on May 7,1896, Dover was reincorporated as a city and regained its status as a town on March 21,1899, after the referendum that approved the change was invalidated by a court ruling. During this period, Dover was a port on the Morris Canal while it was operational, sources attribute the towns name to Dover, England or Dover, New Hampshire. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had an area of 2.730 square miles. Hedden County Park, a 380-acre Morris County park, is located in Dover. As of the census of 2010, there were 18,157 people,5,562 households, the population density was 6,765.5 per square mile. There were 5,783 housing units at a density of 2,154.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 66. 55% White,6. 10% Black or African American,0. 63% Native American,2. 54% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,19. 88% from other races, and 4. 25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 69. 38% of the population,22. 6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.21 and the family size was 3.54. In the town, the population was out with 21. 6% under the age of 18,10. 5% from 18 to 24,32. 8% from 25 to 44,24. 5% from 45 to 64
US 202 in Morris Plains
Route 10 in Parsippany-Troy Hills Township
I-80 in Denville Township
US 46 in Denville Township
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