1.
County Route 571 (New Jersey)
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County Route 571, abbreviated CR571, is a county highway in the U. S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends 44.06 miles from Route 37 in Toms River Township to Route 27 in Princeton, though it is designated a north–south county route by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, it is signed both as north–south and east–west inconsistently. CR571 begins at an intersection with Route 37 in Toms River, Ocean County, the road continues north through business areas, with the median turning into a center left-turn lane. The routes turn northwest through residential and commercial areas along with some marshland from the adjacent Barnegat Bay to the east, with alternating segments of median, CR571 splits from CR549 Spur by heading west onto two-lane undivided Bay Avenue into areas of homes. The road intersects CR627 before turning more to the northwest, the route widens into a divided highway as it passes the Ocean County Mall and intersects CR549 at an at-grade cloverleaf interchange. After crossing CR623, the road becomes three lanes, with two lanes and one eastbound lane, as it heads northwest past more businesses on Indian Head Road. The route runs west near a few homes before passing under the Garden State Parkway, CR571 becomes four lanes at this point and passes residences to the north and a shopping center to the south prior to intersecting CR527. CR571 turns northwest to join CR527 on Whitesville Road, CR527 splits from CR571 by turning north, and CR571 continues northwest along Toms River Road, entering Manchester Township. The road continues through forested development as it comes to the Route 70 junction, at this point, the route narrows to two lanes and passes through more wooded areas with occasional residences, crossing Conrail Shared Assets Operations Southern Secondary line. CR571 crosses CR547 before heading into Jackson Township, the route runs through forested areas of the Pine Barrens with intermittent residential development for several miles, eventually turning north and coming to the junction with CR528. The road becomes Cassville Road at this intersection and passes Cassville Lake as it comes to the CR638 intersection, CR571 continues north past more wooded areas of homes before coming to an intersection with CR526. At this point, CR526 turns north to form a concurrency with CR571, CR571 heads north along Millstone Road and comes to the junction with CR524. Here, the route turns west to join CR524 on Stage Coach Road, the routes make a sharp turn to the southwest before CR571 splits from CR524 by heading north on Rising Sun Tavern Road. The route runs through forests with some homes and farms, curving to the northwest and entering Roosevelt, CR571 turns north onto South Rochdale Avenue and passes more residences. The route crosses back into Millstone Township and heads into areas of farmland and woodland, CR571 enters East Windsor Township in Mercer County and becomes Etra Road in the community of Etra, as it continues through a mix of farms, woods, and homes. The route turns north before curving northwest near Etra Lake and passing over the New Jersey Turnpike, the road heads west into Hightstown and passes homes before reaching an intersection with CR539. CR571 turns north to follow CR539 on South Main Street at this point, upon reaching the commercial downtown of Hightstown, northbound CR 539/CR571 join Route 33 as it merges from Mercer Street onto Main Street. CR571 then leaves the concurrency by turning to the west on Stockton Street, the route passes more residences, the Stockton Street Historic District, before crossing back into East Windsor Township and intersecting US130
2.
Mercer County, New Jersey
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Mercer County is a county located in the U. S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Trenton, the state capital, as of the 2016 Census estimate, the countys population was 371,023, making it the states 12th-most populous county, an increase of 1. The county was formed by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 22,1838, from portions of Burlington County, Hunterdon County, the old Keith Line bisects the county and is the boundary between municipalities that previously had been separated into West Jersey and East Jersey. It was named for Continental Army General Hugh Mercer, who died as a result of wounds received at the Battle of Princeton on January 3,1777. The Mercer Oak, against which the dying general rested as his men continued to fight, appears on the county seal and stood for 250 years until it collapsed in 2000. Founded February 22,1838, from portions of surrounding counties, on the night of December 25–26,1776, General George Washington led American forces across the Delaware River to attack the Hessian barracks in Trenton on the morning of December 26. Following the battle, Washington crossed back to Pennsylvania and he crossed a third time in a surprise attack on the forces of General Charles Cornwallis at the Second Battle of Trenton on January 2,1777, and at the Battle of Princeton on January 3. The successful attacks built morale among the pro-independence colonists, Mercer County has the distinction of being the famed landing spot for a fictional Martian invasion of the United States. In 1938, in what has one of the most famous American radio plays of all time. His imaginary aliens first landed at what is now West Windsor Township, a commemorative monument is erected at Grovers Mill park. There were 27 Mercer County residents killed during the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks in Lower Manhattan. A 10-foot long steel beam weighing one ton was given to the county by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in March 2011 and is now displayed at Mercer County Park. According to the 2010 Census, the county had an area of 228.89 square miles. The county is flat and low-lying on the inner coastal plain with a few hills closer to the Delaware River. Baldpate Mountain, near Pennington, is the highest hill, at 480 feet above sea level, the lowest point is at sea level along the Delaware. The population density was 1,632.2 per square mile, there were 143,169 housing units at an average density of 637.6 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 09% of the population,26. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the family size was 3.16
3.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
4.
Amtrak
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Founded in 1971 to take over most of the remaining U. S. passenger rail services, it is partially government funded yet operated and managed as a for-profit corporation. Amtrak serves more than 500 destinations in 46 states and three Canadian provinces, operating more than 300 trains each day over 21,300 miles of track, some track sections allow trains to run as fast as 150 mph. In fiscal year 2015, Amtrak served 30.8 million passengers and had $2.185 billion in revenue, nearly two-thirds of passengers come from the 10 largest metropolitan areas, 83% of passengers travel on routes shorter than 400 miles. Its headquarters is at Union Station in Washington, D. C, the name Amtrak is a portmanteau of the words America and trak, the latter itself a sensational spelling of track. From the mid-19th century until about 1920, nearly all intercity travelers in the United States moved by rail, historically, U. S. passenger trains were owned and operated by the same privately owned companies that operated freight trains. About 65,000 railroad passenger cars operated in 1929, from 1920 into the later 20th century, passenger rails popularity diminished and there was a series of pullbacks and tentative recoveries. Rail passenger revenues declined dramatically between 1920 and 1934 because of the rise of the automobile, in the same period, many travelers were lost to interstate bus companies such as Greyhound Lines. However, in the mid-1930s, railroads reignited popular imagination with service improvements and new, diesel-powered streamliners, such as the gleaming silver Pioneer Zephyr and Flying Yankee. Even with the improvements, on a basis, traffic continued to decline. World War II broke the malaise, passenger traffic soared sixfold thanks to troop movements, in 1946, there remained 45 percent fewer passenger trains than in 1929, and the decline quickened despite railroad optimism. Passengers disappeared and so did trains, few trains generated profits, most produced losses. Broad-based passenger rail deficits appeared as early as 1948, and by the mid-1950s, by 1965, only 10,000 rail passenger cars were in operation,85 percent fewer than in 1929. Passenger service was provided on only 75,000 miles of track, the 1960s also saw the end of railway post office revenues, which had helped some of the remaining trains break even. The causes of the decline of rail in the United States were complex. Until 1920, rail was the practical form of intercity transport. By 1930, the companies had constructed, with private funding. In 1916, the amount of track in the United States peaked at 254,251 miles, some rail routes had been built primarily to facilitate the sale of stock in the railroad companies, they were redundant from the beginning. These were the first to be abandoned as the financial positions deteriorated
5.
NJ Transit
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NJT also acts as a purchasing agency for many private operators in New Jersey, with numerous private operators receiving equipment from NJT for route service within the state not controlled by NJT. NJT was founded on July 17,1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation and it came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to acquire, operate, and contract for transportation service in the public interest. NJT originally acquired and managed a number of bus services, one of the largest being those operated by the states largest electric company. It gradually acquired most of the bus services. In northern New Jersey, many of the bus routes are arranged in a web, in southern New Jersey, most routes are arranged in a spoke-and-hub fashion, with routes emanating from Trenton, Camden, and Atlantic City. Since inception, rail ridership has quadrupled, in the 1990s the rail system expanded, with new Midtown Direct service to New York City and new equipment. On October 21,2001, it opened a new station at Newark Liberty International Airport, on October 31,2005, NJT took over Clocker service from Amtrak. Four new trains were added to the schedule, but cut back to Trenton, during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the rail operations center of NJ Transit was flooded by 8 feet of water and an emergency generator submerged. Floodwater damaged at least 65 locomotive engines and 257 rail cars, the Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board, for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc. for commuter rail. NJT operates 871 bus routes using 2,477 buses and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles, the bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,477. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT, Newark Light Rail – two segments serving Newark and the surrounding area. The Newark City Subway has 12 stops, is 4.3 miles long, connecting Newark Penn Station to North Newark, the Broad Street Extension has five stops, is 1.0 mile long, and connects Newark Penn Station to Newark Broad Street Station. The fleet consists of 21 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned and operated by the Central Division of NJT Bus Operations. River Line – a 21-stop 34 miles line from Trenton to Camden along the Delaware River, mostly along the Bordentown Secondary line formerly owned by Conrail, the fleet consists of 20 Stadler GTW diesel light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by Bombardier Transportation. NJT operates over 100 diesel locomotives, of which 11 are supplied by Metro-North Railroad as part of an agreement for the Port Jervis Line. It has over 650 push-pull cars, of which 65 are supplied by Metro-North, the New Jersey Transit Police Department is the transit police force for NJT. It is a police agency with statewide jurisdiction with the primary focus on policing the numerous bus depots, rail
6.
U.S. Route 206
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U. S. Route 206 is a 130. 23-mile-long north–south United States highway in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, United States. Only about a half a mile of its length is in Pennsylvania, the Milford-Montague Toll Bridge carries it over the Delaware River into New Jersey, where it is the remainder of the route. The highways northern terminus is near Milford, Pennsylvania at an intersection with US209, some sources and its southern terminus is in Hammonton, New Jersey at an intersection with Route 54 and US30. The route connects several cities and towns, including Bordentown, Trenton, Princeton, Somerville, Netcong, the road is known as the Disabled American Veterans Highway for much of its length. The current routing along pre-1927 Route 2 became a part of US130 in 1926. In the later 1930s, US206 was designated to connect US30 in Hammonton north to US6 and US209 in Milford, the state highways running concurrent with US206 in New Jersey were removed in 1953. In the 1960s, two freeways were proposed for US206 but never built. The first freeway was to connect Hammonton south along the Route 54 corridor toward Route 55, the other US206 freeway was planned in northwestern New Jersey, connecting I-80 in Netcong north to Montague Township. Construction has begun for a bypass of US206 around Hillsborough in 2010 after being planned since 1974, the NJDOT is currently widening the route in Byram Township to alleviate congestion, with completion in 2013. US206 begins at US30 in the town of Hammonton in Atlantic County, New Jersey, heading north-northeast on the two-lane, south of this intersection, the road continues as Route 54. From its southern terminus, US206 runs through farmland, which gives way to the heavily forested Pine Barrens. Within this area, the route continues through the Wharton State Forest, here, the road comes to the eastern terminus of CR536. US206 continues into Shamong Township, Burlington County, passing more of the Pine Barrens. In Shamong Township, the road makes a turn to the north, after running northwest, CR541 splits to the left. After this intersection, US206 heads north out of the Wharton State Forest, at the intersection with CR648, the route briefly widens into a four-lane undivided road before narrowing back to two lanes. Upon intersecting CR622, US206 enters Tabernacle Township, here, CR532 crosses the route at a signalized intersection. Following CR532, residential development increases along the route as it continues into Southampton Township, US206 becomes a three-lane road with one northbound lane and two southbound lanes as it comes to the Red Lion Circle with Route 70. Past the Red Lion Circle, the route becomes two lanes again and passes more rural surroundings with some development, US206 comes to a junction with the eastern terminus of Route 38 and the western terminus of CR530
7.
New Jersey Route 33
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Route 33 is a state highway in the US state of New Jersey. The highway extends 42.03 miles, from Trenton at an intersection with U. S. Route 1, the speed limit on Route 33 differs in zones. The highest is 55 mph in Zone 9, there are several intersections on 33 with future developments. Route 33 begins in Trenton on a two-lane road and it passes through central Mercer County, joining northbound U. S. Route 130 in Robbinsville Township. It leaves the U. S. highway in East Windsor and it turns east again as it passes the east end of the Hightstown Bypass, where it becomes a divided arterial with four lanes as it makes its way through Monmouth County toward the shore. Around Freehold, it becomes a freeway and it then crosses the Garden State Parkways Exit 100 in Tinton Falls and Route 18 in Neptune. Here, it is known as Corlies Avenue. Route 33 ends at Route 71 in Neptune and it has two concurrencies along the route, one with Route 34 and the second with US130. On its way across central New Jersey, Route 33 traverses three counties, Mercer, Middlesex, and Monmouth, beginning in Trenton as Greenwood Avenue, Route 33 is a two-lane road, with one lane in each direction. Once it merges with U. S. Route 130 in Robbinsville Township, after crossing into East Windsor Township, Route 33 veers off and becomes a local road going into Hightstown. Before leaving Mercer County, the road intersects with an interchange at Route 133 that provides access to Exit 8 of the New Jersey Turnpike, Route 33 then crosses into Monroe Township, where it is slowly becoming a residential access road for new communities. It then continues into Millstone Township as a rural avenue, continuing into Manalapan Township, the avenue again becomes a residential access road. At the ramp for Route 33 Business, the avenue turns into a freeway bypass, Route 33 bypasses Freehold Borough to the south staying within Freehold Township. Within Freehold Borough, Route 33 Business is the alignment of Route 33 before the bypass was built. The bypass of Freehold is the alignment of what would have been a Route 33 freeway from Neptune to Trenton. As time went on, a version of just a bypass was agreed upon. The western start of the freeway is just east of County Route 527, and was built from Route 33 Business to U. S. Route 9 in the 1970s. The next section was built from U. S. Route 9 across Route 79 to Halls Mill Road, and this remained its terminus from the late 1980s until January 17,2003, when the final leg of the bypass was opened
8.
U.S. Route 1 in New Jersey
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U. S. Route 1 is a United States highway which parallels the East Coast of the United States, running from Key West, Florida in the south to Fort Kent, Maine at the Canadian border in the north. Of the entire length of the route,66.06 miles of it runs through New Jersey and it enters the state from Pennsylvania on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in the state capital of Trenton, running through the city on the Trenton Freeway. From here, US1 continues northeast as a divided highway through suburban areas continuing into Middlesex County and passing through New Brunswick. US1 merges with US9 in Woodbridge, and the two routes continue through northern New Jersey as US 1/9 to the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee, at this point, the road continues into New York City along with I-95. The current alignment of US1 between Trenton and New Brunswick was chartered as the Trenton and New Brunswick Turnpike in 1803, in 1913, the Lincoln Highway across the United States was created and connected Trenton to Newark within New Jersey. The Lincoln Highway was legislated as Route 13 between Trenton and New Brunswick in 1917 and as part of Route 1 between New Brunswick and Elizabeth, later extended to Jersey City, with the creation of the U. S. In 1927, the Lincoln Highway portion of US1 became Route 27, in subsequent years, US1 was moved onto its current routing between Trenton and the George Washington Bridge. By 1969, the Trenton Freeway was extended north to Whitehead Road in Lawrence Township, when the Trenton Freeway was completed north to US1, the US1 designation was shifted to the freeway, replacing Route 174. U. S. Route 1 crosses the Delaware River into New Jersey on the Trenton–Morrisville Toll Bridge, once in Trenton, US1 becomes the Trenton Freeway and is maintained by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. US1 meets Route 29 at a diamond interchange just north of the river. It then comes to an interchange with the terminus of Route 129 as well as the western terminus of Route 33 near the Trenton Transit Center. At this point, the Trenton Freeway turns onto a depressed alignment, the route turns northeast directly over the Delaware and Raritan Canal, which still flows underneath, and has an exit for Olden Avenue. The freeway has a ramp for Mulberry Street before there is a northbound exit and southbound entrance from the median that provides access to US1 Business. Past this interchange, US1 continues into Lawrence Township, where the surroundings become more wooded as the freeway has an exit for Whitehead Road, along this stretch, the freeway closely parallels the canal, which emerges from under the freeway just north of Mulberry Street. The Trenton Freeway ends at the point US1 Business merges back into US1, here, US1 becomes a four-lane divided surface road with jughandles called the Herbert Highway that is lined with suburban businesses. Continuing northeast, the first intersection along this road is with the terminus of CR546. After this intersection, the crosses the Delaware & Raritan Canal again prior to a modified cloverleaf interchange with I-95 and I-295. Past this point, US1 widens to six lanes as it has an interchange providing access to the Quaker Bridge Mall to the east of the route, a short distance later, there is a cloverleaf interchange with CR533
9.
U.S. Route 130
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U. S. Route 130 is a north–south U. S. Highway completely within the state of New Jersey. The route briefly runs concurrent with its parent US30 near Camden, US130 passes through many towns including Penns Grove, Bridgeport, Westville, Camden, Pennsauken, Burlington, Bordentown, Hightstown, and North Brunswick. The current route between Penns Grove and Westville was to become pre-1927 Route 17S in 1923, in 1926, US130 was designated to run from US30 in Camden to US1 in Trenton along the alignment of pre-1927 Route 2. A year later, the alignment of US130 became Route 25 between Camden and Bordentown, Route 39 between Bordentown and White Horse, and Route 37 between White Horse and Trenton. US130 was extended to Pennsville in 1938 along Route 45 and Route 44 while it was realigned to follow Route 25, in 1953, the state highways running concurrent with US130 were removed. Around the time of the renumbering, limited-access bypasses for US130 were built around Carneys Point, in the 1960s, I-295 was designated onto most of these freeway alignments of US130, which was moved back to its original route in Carneys Point. In 1969, the end of US130 was cut back to its current location. The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission had proposed a US130 freeway between Camden and Burlington, but it was never built, US 130s south end is in Pennsville Township, Salem County at the east end of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, which carries I-295 and US40. The New Jersey Turnpike begins at this interchange, and Route 49 heads south, from here, the route heads northeast on Shell Road, a two-lane undivided road, passing development before entering Carneys Point Township. In Carneys Point Township, the road intersects the west end of Route 140 before passing to the east of a DuPont plant and a Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad yard near wooded areas. Past the Route 48 intersection, the road enters Carneys Point Township again, upon entering Oldmans Township, US130 heads through more rural areas as Bridgeport-Penns Grove Road. After crossing Oldmans Creek on a drawbridge, the route enters Logan Township, Gloucester County and it heads east-northeast through Nortonville before continuing through marshland and woodland. At this point, a section of US130 begins. The freeway heads east to its first interchange after US322, Barker Avenue leads east to the south end of Route 44. The next interchange provides access to Route 44. After Route 44 is the last interchange, with Cedar Swamp Road, along I-295, the route is a six-lane freeway, coming to an exit for CR684. Continuing east, the freeway crosses into Greenwich Township and has an interchange with CR607, after passing near Greenwich Lake, there are exits for CR653 and CR673 within a short distance of each other. I-295/US130 reaches an interchange with CR680 on the border of Greenwich Township, past this point, the freeway runs through marshy areas of Mantua Creek and continues into West Deptford Township
10.
Princeton, New Jersey
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As of the 2010 United States Census, the municipalitys population was 28,572, reflecting the former townships population of 16,265, along with the 12,307 in the former borough. Princeton was founded before the American Revolution and is best known as the location of Princeton University, Princeton is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia. It is close to major highways that serve both cities, and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton, New Jerseys capital city, the governor of New Jerseys official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven in the borough became the first Governors mansion. It was later replaced by the larger Drumthwacket, a mansion located in the former Township. Morven became a property of the New Jersey Historical Society. Princeton was ranked 15th of the top 100 towns in the United States to Live, although residents of Princeton traditionally have a strong community-wide identity, the community had been composed of two separate municipalities, a township and a borough. The central borough was completely surrounded by the township, the Borough contained Nassau Street, the main commercial street, most of the University campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The Borough and Township had roughly equal populations, the Lenni Lenape Native Americans were the earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Princeton area. Europeans founded their settlement in the part of the 17th century. The first European to find his home in the boundaries of the town was Henry Greenland. He built his house in 1683 along with a tavern, in this drinking hole representatives of West Jersey and East Jersey met to set boundaries for the location of the township. Originally, Princeton was known only as part of nearby Stony Brook, James Leonard first referred to the town as Princetown, when describing the location of his large estate in his diary. The town bore a variety of names subsequently, including, Princetown, Princes Town, although there is no official documentary backing, the town is considered to be named after King William III, Prince William of Orange of the House of Nassau. Another theory suggests that the name came from a large land-owner named Henry Prince, a royal prince seems a more likely eponym for the settlement, as three nearby towns had similar names, Kingston, Queenstown and Princessville. When Richard Stockton, one of the founders of the township, died in 1709 he left his estate to his sons, who helped to expand property, based on the 1880 United States Census, the population of the town comprised 3,209 persons. Local population has expanded from the nineteenth century, according to the 2010 Census, Princeton Borough had 12,307 inhabitants, while Princeton Township had 16,265. Aside from housing the university of the name, the settlement suffered the revolutionary Battle of Princeton on its soil
11.
Pennsylvania Railroad
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The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the Pennsy, the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U. S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies and its only formidable rival was the New York Central, which carried around three-quarters of PRRs ton-miles. At one time, the PRR was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world, with a larger than that of the U. S. government. The corporation still holds the record for the longest continuous dividend history, in 1968, PRR merged with rival NYC to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which filed for bankruptcy within two years. The viable parts were transferred in 1976 to Conrail, which was broken up in 1999, with 58 percent of the system going to the Norfolk Southern Railway. Amtrak received the electrified segment east of Harrisburg, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the beginnings of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Philadelphia business interests became concerned that the port of Philadelphia would lose traffic. The state legislature was pressed to build a canal across Pennsylvania and it soon became evident that a single canal would not be practical and a series of railroads, inclined planes, and canals was proposed. Because freight and passengers had to change several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey, the crest of the mountain was penetrated by the 3, 612-foot Gallitzin Tunnels and then descended by a more moderate grade to Johnstown. The western end of the line was built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, the line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of railroads by stock purchases. This line is still an important cross-state corridor, carrying Amtraks Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line and he served as PRRs first Chief Engineer and third President. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the PRRs Connecting Railway, the PRRs Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2,1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D. C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the lines heading north from the city. On June 29,1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed, the PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania
12.
Jersey Shore
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The Jersey Shore is the coastal region of the state of New Jersey. Geographically, the term encompasses about 141 miles of oceanfront from Perth Amboy in the north to Cape May Point in the south, the Jersey Shore area includes Middlesex, Monmouth, Atlantic County, Cape May, and Ocean counties. Many New Jersey residents refer to it as The Shore, a common phrase within New Jersey is to go down the shore, or to have done something down the shore. Certain communities are popular with visitors from the nearby Canadian provinces of Quebec. The Jersey Shore is lined with over 40 communities, each with a different character, some cater to summer tourists and visitors, others are completely full-year residential communities, others still are a mix of both. Below are some of the most notable shore points, the two towns that make up The Amboys are Perth Amboy and South Amboy. Perth Amboys history dates back to 1651 when August Herman bought a point of land from the Lenni Lenape Native Americans, the land, which was called Ompoge by the Indians, gradually changed its name to Emboyle, then Amboyle. When the city was incorporated in 1683, settlers began to call the land Ambo or Amboy Point, the name means place resembling a bowl. In 1686, when the settlement became the capital of East Jersey, Perth was added to the name in honor of one of the Proprietors under the Royal grant, the James Drummond, 1st Duke of Perth. Keansburg is one of the most tourism-oriented towns along the Raritan Bayshore region, Keansburg is home to the Keansburg Amusement Park, Keansburg is also home to a small boardwalk that runs along the Raritan Bay, sometimes offering views of the New York City skyline. Many boaters utilize Keyports marinas that give access to fishing, crabbing. The New York City skyline can be seen from the boroughs ridges, pleasure, fishing and commuter boats sail from its harbor. The municipal harbor was built from 1938 through 1940 with municipal, state and it is the largest on the East Coast, home to 715 craft, including high-speed ferry service to New York City, which was introduced in 1986. In 1966, the Central Railroad of New Jersey pier was destroyed by fire and its rail route is now used by the Henry Hudson Trail. Sandy Hook is a long, narrow peninsula managed by the National Park Service as the a unit of the Gateway National Recreation Area, the eastern shoreline consists of various public and fishing beaches, including North Beach and Gunnison Beach. The peninsulas ocean-facing beaches are considered among the finest in New Jersey and are a destination for recreation in summer when seasonal ferries bring beachgoers. Gunnison Beach is one of the largest clothing optional beaches on the East Coast, the northern end of the island is home to the Sandy Hook Lighthouse, the Marine Academy of Science and Technology, and restored buildings of the former Fort Hancock Coast Guard Station. Spread across the peninsula are former military installations, including four ammunitions bunkers, Red Bank, overlooking the Navesink River, is a noted social and commercial destination, filled with boutiques, designer clothing and home stores, parks, and restaurants
CR 526 / CR 571 / CR 615 in West Windsor
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Media related to New Jersey Route 64 at Wikimedia Commons