1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Singer-songwriter
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Singer-songwriters are musicians who write, compose, and perform their own musical material, including lyrics and melodies. The genre began with the folk-acoustic tradition, singer-songwriters often provide the sole accompaniment to an entire composition or song, typically using a guitar or piano. Singer-songwriter is used to define popular music artists who write and perform their own material, such an artist performs the roles of composer, lyricist, vocalist, instrumentalist, and often self-manager. Most records by artists have a similarly straightforward and spare sound that placed emphasis on the song itself. The term has also used to describe songwriters in the rock, folk, and pop music genres including Henry Russell, Aristide Bruant, Hank Williams. Song topics include political protest, as in the case of the Almanac Singers, Pete Seeger, the concept of a singer-songwriter can be traced to ancient bardic oral tradition, which has existed in various forms throughout the world. Poems would be performed as chant or song, sometimes accompanied by a harp or other similar instrument, after the invention of printing, songs would be written and performed by ballad sellers. Usually these would be versions of existing tunes and lyrics, which were constantly evolving and this developed into the singer-songwriting traditions of folk culture. The term singer-songwriter in North America can be traced back to singers who developed works in the blues and folk music style. Early to mid-20th century American singer-songwriters include Lead Belly, Jimmie Rodgers, Blind Lemon Jefferson, T-Bone Walker, Blind Willie McTell, Lightnin Hopkins, Son House, the tradition of writing topical songs was established by this group of musicians. This focus on social issues has greatly influenced the singer-songwriter genre, artists who had been primarily songwriters, notably Carole King, Townes Van Zandt, and Neil Diamond, also began releasing work as performers. In contrast to the approach of most prior country and folk music. The adjectives confessional and sensitive were often used singer-songwriter style, in the rock band era, members were not technically singer-songwriters as solo acts. However, many were singer-songwriters who created songs with band members. Many others like Eric Clapton found success as singer-songwriters in their later careers, there were hints of cross-pollination, but rock and folk music had remained largely separate genres, often with different audiences. An early attempt at fusing elements of folk and rock was highlighted in the Animals House of the Rising Sun, dylan plugged an entire generation into the milieu of the singer-songwriter. In the mid- to late 1960s, bands and singer-songwriters began to proliferate the underground New York art/music scene. Lotti Golden, in her Atlantic debut album Motor-Cycle, chronicled her life in NYCs East Village in the late 60s counterculture, visiting subjects such as gender identity, kate Bush remained distinctive throughout with her idiosyncratic style
3.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
4.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
5.
Indie rock
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Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Originally used to independent record labels, the term became associated with the music they produced and was initially used interchangeably with alternative rock. In the mid-1980s, the term began to be used to describe the music produced on punk and post-punk labels. Some prominent indie rock record labels were founded during the 1980s, during the 1990s, Grunge bands broke into the mainstream, and the term alternative lost its original counter-cultural meaning. The term indie rock became associated with the bands and genres that remained dedicated to their independent status, by the end of the 1990s indie rock developed subgenres and related styles including lo-fi, noise pop, emo, slowcore, post-rock and math rock. In the 2000s, changes in the industry and in music technology enabled a new wave of indie rock bands to achieve mainstream success. In the early 2000s, a new group of bands played a stripped-down. The commercial breakthrough from these scenes was led by four bands, The Strokes, The White Stripes, The Hives, emo also broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s. By the end of the 2000s the proliferation of bands was being referred to as indie landfill. The term indie rock, which comes from independent, describes the small and relatively low-budget labels on which it is released, the influences and styles of the artists have been extremely diverse, including punk, psychedelia, post-punk and country. Allmusic identifies indie rock as including a number of varying musical approaches compatible with mainstream tastes, in fact, there is an everlasting list of genres and subgenres of indie rock. Many countries have developed a local indie scene, flourishing with bands with enough popularity to survive inside the respective country. However, there are still indie bands that start off locally, Indie rock has been identified as a reaction against the macho culture that developed in alternative rock in the aftermath of Nirvanas success. However, Cortney Harding pointed out that this sense of equality is not reflected in the number of women running indie labels. The BBC documentary Music for Misfits, The Story of Indie pinpoints the birth of indie as the 1977 self-publication of the Spiral Scratch EP by Manchester band Buzzcocks, Indie pop and indie were originally synonymous. In the mid-1980s, indie began to be used to describe the music produced on post-punk labels rather than the labels themselves. The indie rock scene in the US was prefigured by the rock that dominated college radio playlists. In the United States, the term was associated with the abrasive, distortion-heavy sounds of the Pixies, Hüsker Dü, Minutemen, Meat Puppets, Dinosaur Jr
6.
Myspace
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Myspace is a social networking website offering an interactive, user-submitted network of friends, personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, music, and videos. It is headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, Myspace was acquired by News Corporation in July 2005 for $580 million. From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world, since then, the number of Myspace users has declined steadily in spite of several redesigns. As of March 2017, Myspace was ranked 3,178 by total Web traffic, Myspace had a significant influence on pop culture and music and created a gaming platform that launched the successes of Zynga and RockYou, among others. Despite an overall decline, in 2015 Myspace still had 50.6 million unique visitors and has a pool of nearly 1 billion active and inactive registered users. In June 2009, Myspace employed approximately 1,600 employees, in June 2011, Specific Media Group and Justin Timberlake jointly purchased the company for approximately $35 million. In August 2003, several employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of Myspace was ready for launch, a complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan, who managed Chris DeWolfe, Josh Berman, Tom Anderson, the first Myspace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who could sign up the most users, eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to breathe life into Myspace, and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was tech expert Toan Nguyen who helped stabilize the Myspace platform when Brad Greenspan asked him to join the team. Despite over ten times the number of developers, Friendster, which was developed in JavaServer Pages, could not keep up with the speed of development of Myspace and cfm. The MySpace. com domain was owned by YourZ. com, Inc. intended until 2002 for use as an online data storage. By 2004, it was transitioned from a storage service to a social networking site. A friend, who worked in the data storage business. DeWolfe suggested they charge a fee for the basic Myspace service, Brad Greenspan nixed the idea, believing that keeping Myspace free was necessary to make it a successful community. Myspace quickly gained popularity among teenage and young adult social groups, in February 2005, DeWolfe held talks with Mark Zuckerberg over acquiring Facebook but DeWolfe rejected Zuckerbergs $75 million asking price
7.
AbsolutePunk
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AbsolutePunk was a website, online community, and alternative music news source founded by Jason Tate. The primary musical genres of focus were emo and pop punk, the very next day on April 1, all of the domain names and social media accounts associated with AbsolutePunk were being redirected to Chorus. fm. Founded June 6,2000 by Jason Tate, the focused on music industry news. The site also allowed user interaction via a vBulletin Internet Forum system, users could register their own personalized account, create a profile, and comment on nearly every portion of the site. Special accounts were afforded to industry figures and band members denoting them as such, the website originally started as a Blink-182/MxPx fan site. In 2005, the site was drawing six million hits daily, by 2006, the website was noted for engaging teenagers, and was beginning to chip away at the dominance of MySpace, according to OMMA online media magazine. The social media network Buzznet purchased AbsolutePunk in May 2008, AbsolutePunks community included over 500,000 music fans, making it one of the largest alternative music zines on the Internet. The site was run by contributor-turned-moderators who worked for the site but were not paid. They added news posts, wrote reviews and conducted interviews all in their free time, aBSOLUTExclusives and recent album reviews were often displayed prominently at the top of the sites news feed, while other stories were simply listed in descending chronological order. The staff conducted frequent interviews with bands and often asked the AbsolutePunk community to contribute questions in advance. They also ran numerous contests via both an opt-in lottery system and through news items, with the latter usually awarding prizes to the users who replied the fastest while meeting certain criteria. One of AbsolutePunks main purposes was to music fans with one another through its extensive online forums. The forums featured over 318,500 registered members and they were divided into a number of different sections, split into categories such as entertainment, sports, politics, and education. Users were encouraged to contribute their own media to the site, as most of the site functioned on the same bulletin board system, forum activity would often spill out into album reviews and news stories as well. The website gained a following in the alternative music scene over the years, allowing it to sponsor various tours. In the August 2007 issue of Blender, owner Jason Tate was named #18 in their list of Top 25 Most Influential People in Online Music, on June 1,2005 vocalist and pianist Andrew McMahon of the bands Something Corporate and Jacks Mannequin was diagnosed with leukemia. AbsolutePunk raised approximately $16,400 for the Leukemia Research Foundation by selling over 6,000 orange gel bracelets online, the wristbands read I Will Fight in reference to a well-known song by Something Corporate
8.
Owen (musician)
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Owen is a solo project of Mike Kinsella, and part of the Chicago, Illinois indie rock scene. Owen is known for its melodies, complex acoustics, combining lead acoustics with keyboard and other guitars, plaintive vocals. It can be seen as a progression for Kinsella, from the progressive. Owens debut, Owen was a departure from previous Mike Kinsella projects. For 2002s No Good For No One Now, Owens second album, in 2004, in collaboration with Cale Parks, Bob Hoffnar, Jen Tabor, and Paul Koob, Mike began recording again. The joint effort marked a point of sorts for Owen. Had been written as a piece to a scheduled full-length. In summer 2004, Mike again began recording and collaborating, this time with cousin Nate Kinsella who lent assistance both on instrumentation and engineering, the results of these efforts were I Do Perceive, Owens third album. On At Home With Owen, Mike figuratively leaves the bedroom that has characterized so much of Owens past musical presence. His step away from bedroom recording allowed for an approach to the songs recorded on At Home With Owen. Ive always hated how two dimensional the other Owen albums have sounded, and I think this ones finally got a third dimension, since the release of his 2006 album, much has changed for Kinsella. Produced by Brian Deck, Graeme Gibson, Tim Iseler and cousin Nate Kinsella, in 2010, Owen released the Abandoned Bridges single. He has also released an EP titled O, Evelyn in April 2011, Owens album, Ghost Town, was released on November 8,2011. Owens album, LAmi du Peuple, was released on July 2,2013, on October 2,2014, it was announced that Owen is releasing a covers album titled Other Peoples Songs. The album was released on December 2,2014, through Polyvinyl Records and it included covers of songs from artists including Against Me. Depeche Mode, The Promise Ring, and Lungfish amongst others, in July 2016 he released the album The King of Whys through Polyvinyl in America and Wichita Recordings in England. org Profile of Owen with reviews, interviews, related bands
9.
Acoustic music
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Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to electric or electronic means. The retronym acoustic music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the guitar, electric violin, electric organ. It has its origins in the music of the 1960s. The trend has also dubbed as acoustic rock in some cases. Navigating the Music Industry, Current Issues & Business Models, Music and the Modern Condition, Investigating the Boundaries
10.
Brian Deck
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Brian Deck is an American music producer and member of band Red Red Meat. He co-founded Idful Studios in 1988, Brian currently works at Engine Studios in Chicago, Illinois. Brian Deck attended college as a major and excelled at both drum set and general percussion instruments. On many of the albums Brian produces, he contributes some sort of instrument or vocal, many of his albums include extensive percussion instruments and techniques. While recording the band Red Red Meat at Idful Studios he was asked to join the band behind the kit and he remained there until the bands disbanding in early 2000. Since then he has had a connection with Tim Rutilis Califone. He and Tim also collaborated with Modest Mouse frontman Isaac Brock for the band Ugly Casanova, Brian produced, and played drums on, their sole album, Sharpen Your Teeth, he also toured behind the record. According to Richard Edwards of Margot and the Nuclear So and Sos, working early on out of Idful Studios with Brad Wood and later out of Engine Studios, Brian has produced a number of both local Chicago musicians as well as widely known international acts. He is represented exclusively by Andy Kipnes and Mark Beaven of Advanced Alternative Media
11.
The Seaside EP
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The Seaside EP is a rarities release by Chicago artist Owen. It was released on July 7,2009 by Polyvinyl Records digitally, the album was said to ship on June 26,2009, but was sent out a week earlier as Polyvinyl received them. The EPs cover art was designed by UK illustrator David Blanco, the majority of songs can all be found on Japanese Owen releases, and the last track is from a compilation 2x7. It was re-released on vinyl on Record Store Day 2013, all tracks written by Mike Kinsella, except where noted
12.
Sputnikmusic
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Sputnikmusic, or simply Sputnik, is a music website offering music criticism and music news alongside features commonly associated with wiki-style websites. Over time, the site has come to be established as a source, becoming a featured reviewer on Metacritic. As a general rule, the writers tend to focus on new releases, however. In June 2006, following claims made by the MPA about the illegality of music tabs, MXTabs was closed. At this time, Sputnikmusic became its own entity, with MusicianForums renamed as the SputnikMusic Forums. It was at point that the focus of Sputnik began to shift toward providing professional content, with a news page added. As part of this shift, several features have also sporadically been provided by the staff writers, including live reviews, interviews, exclusive MP3 streams. Currently on Sputnikmusic, four classes of reviewer exist that demarcate whether content should be considered professional or not, staff Writers are the writers who contribute the professional-standard content, which includes featured articles in addition to reviews. There are currently 25 staff reviewers, three of whom act as moderators and administrators for the site. Contributing Reviewers can contribute features, but are not eligible for inclusion by either Metacritic or Wikipedia, there are currently 23 contributing reviewers. Emeritus is a given to former staff writers who no longer contribute to the site. Reviews by these users are acknowledged as professional, users includes everybody who has not yet been promoted to any of the higher levels. Despite this, they can contribute new reviews, artists, and albums to the database, edit data already present. Sputnikmusic operates a simple 5-point rating system, starting at 1, as a guide to new reviewers, each of these values is assigned a word, ranging from Awful to Classic. However, certain albums have a rating system, where users cannot rate the album lower than a 2.0. This is the case with Kendrick Lamars To Pimp a Butterfly, the staff of Sputnik have not commented on this, despite being asked. As well as showing the score a reviewer has given to the album, a page will also show the scores given by other individual reviewers. A bar chart will also show how many votes each rating has once it has received at least two and a review
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