1.
Ngunnawal, Australian Capital Territory
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Ngunnawal is a suburb in the district of Gungahlin in Canberra, Australia. The suburb is named in tribute to the Ngunnawal people, the inhabitants of the area. The suburb was gazetted on 24 April 1992, Ngunnawal is adjacent to the suburbs of Nicholls, Casey and Amaroo and Taylor. It is bounded by Gungahlin Drive, Horse Park Drive, Gundaroo Drive, the suburb is located approximately 4 km from the Gungahlin Town Centre and about 13 km from the centre of Canberra. Ngunnawals place names like the name of the suburb itself is a celebration of the national and local Aboriginal heritage, Wanganeen Ave is named after Ken Wanganeen a prominent Aboriginal Affairs activist. Jabanungga Avenue, one of the suburbs connector roads, bears the name of Bobby Jabanungga, the language of the Ngunnawal people is celebrated through the naming of some of Ngunnawals streets such as Yerra Court, Bural Court, Mundawari Circuit and Bargang Crescent. A hilltop reserve, the most prominent natural feature in the suburb commands views of the Gungahlin Town Centre to the east, Gold Creek Homestead was at one time at the centre of Gold Creek a sprawling 1,594 hectare rural property, the largest in the Ginninderra district. Portions of the property are or will be also occupied by parts of the suburbs of Nicholls, Harcourt Hill, Moncrieff, Casey, Kinlyside, Jacka. The historic Tea Gardens Homestead settled by Anthony Rolfe in 1857 is also located in Ngunnawal, the thoroughfare Anthony Rolfe Drive near to the Gungahlin Town Centre is named in his honour. The land is bound by Horse Park Drive, a tributary of Ginninderra Creek, once complete, the master-planned Broadview estate is expected to support over 550 dwellings, with many smaller blocks earmarked for affordable housing. A retirement village adjacent to the Gold Creek Homestead is currently under development by Lend Lease Retirement Living, the village will comprise 161 villas and community facilities and is expected to be completed by 2019. Young families moving to Ngunnawal have a number of excellent schools to choose from, Ngunnawal Primary School is complemented by the nearby Gold Creek School and Holy Spirit Primary. There are two shopping centres in Ngunnawal. Ngunnawal Shopping Centre is located at the corner of Wanganeen Avenue and Jabanungga Avenue and provides a Spar supermarket, medical clinic with allied health facilities, an IGA store is located in the eastern area of Ngunnawal on Mirrabei Drive. The Ngunnawal suburb is sited on the Canberra Formation and bedrock laided down during the late middle Silurian age, the area was studied in more detail than many other parts of Canberra by J P Ceplecha from the ANU in 1971. Most of Ngunnawal is based on slaty shale and mudstone, in the North West corner is found dacite and quartz andesite. A layer of tuff is formed into a Vee shaped surface exposure in the half of the suburb. A smaller N shaped outcrop of tuff is found in the east corner, a crook shaped outcrop of ashstone is exposed just to the east of the Vee
2.
Echidna
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Echidnas /ᵻˈkɪdnə/, sometimes known as spiny anteaters, belong to the family Tachyglossidae in the monotreme order of egg-laying mammals. The four extant species, together with the platypus, are the surviving members of the order Monotremata and are the only living mammals that lay eggs. The diet of species consists of ants and termites. Echidnas live in Australia and New Guinea, echidnas evidently evolved between 20 and 50 million years ago, descending from a platypus-like monotreme. This ancestor was aquatic, but echidnas adapted to life on land, the echidnas are named after Echidna, a creature from Greek mythology who was half-woman, half-snake, as the animal was perceived to have qualities of both mammals and reptiles. Echidnas are medium-sized, solitary mammals covered with hair and spines. Superficially, they resemble the anteaters of South America and other mammals such as hedgehogs. They are usually black or brown in colour, there have been several reports of albino echidnas, their eyes pink and their spines white. They have elongated and slender snouts that function as mouth and nose. They have very short, strong limbs with large claws, and are powerful diggers, echidnas have tiny mouths and toothless jaws. The echidna feeds by tearing open soft logs, anthills and the like, and using its long, sticky tongue, the echidnas ears are slits on the sides of their heads that are usually unseen due to the fact that they are blanketed by their spines. The external ear is created by a large funnel, deep in the muscle. The short-beaked echidnas diet consists largely of ants and termites, while the Zaglossus species typically eat worms, the tongues of long-beaked echidnas have sharp, tiny spines that help them capture their prey. They have no teeth, and break down their food by grinding it between the bottoms of their mouths and their tongues, echidnas faeces are 7 centimetres long and are cylindrical in shape, they are usually broken and unrounded, and composed largely of dirt and ant-hill material. Echidnas do not tolerate extreme temperatures, they use caves and rock crevices to shelter from weather conditions. Echidnas are found in forests and woodlands, hiding under vegetation and they sometimes use the burrows of animals such as rabbits and wombats. Individual echidnas have large, mutually overlapping territories, when swimming, they expose their snout and some of their spines. They are known to journey to water in order to groom, echidnas and the platypus are the only egg-laying mammals, known as monotremes
3.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
4.
Norman Tindale
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Norman Barnett Tindale AO was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. The family returned to Perth, and in 1917 moved to Adelaide where Tindale took up a position as a cadet at the Adelaide Public Library. Shortly after this, Tindale lost the sight in one eye in a gas explosion which occurred while assisting his father with photographic processing. In January 1919 he secured a position at the South Australian Museum as Entomologists Assistant to Arthur Mills Lea and he had already published thirty-one papers on entomological, ornithological and anthropological subjects before receiving his Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Adelaide in March 1933. Tindale is best remembered for his work mapping the various groupings of Indigenous Australians. This interest began with a trip to Groote Eylandt where an Anindilyakwa man gave Tindale very detailed descriptions of which land was his. This led Tindale to question the orthodoxy of the time which was that Aboriginal people were purely nomadic and had no connection to any specific region. While Tindales methodology and his notion of the tribe have been superseded. Quite a number of now-important record films were made by Tindale, in 1942 Tindale joined the Royal Australian Air Force and was assigned the rank of Wing Commander. He had previously tried to enlist in the Australian army at the outbreak of WWII but was rejected due to his damaged eyesight, in 1967, at the age of sixty-six, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Colorado. He was eventually honoured with a doctorate by the Australian National University in 1980, during 1993 Tindale received unofficial confirmation of his appointment as an Officer of the Order of Australia, this was presented posthumously, to his widow Muriel. Also in 1993, the South Australian Museum Boards named a public gallery in his honour, Tindale published extensively, both as sole author and collaborator. Note that the archives contain 2,804 items related to Dr Tindale
5.
Queanbeyan
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Queanbeyan /ˈkwiːnbiən/ is a city in south-eastern New South Wales, located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region. Located on the Queanbeyan River, the city is the seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 37,991, Queanbeyans economy is based on light construction, manufacturing, service, retail and agriculture. Canberra, Australias capital, is located just 15 kilometres to the west, the word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of Quinbean, an Aboriginal word meaning clear waters. The town grew from a squattage held by ex-convict and inn keeper, Timothy Beard, the town centre of Queanbeyan is located on the Queanbeyan River, a tributary of the Molonglo River and about one mile east of Oaks Estate. Queanbeyan was officially proclaimed a township in 1838 when the population was about 50, the local parish was also known by that name and later still the member for the electorate of Queanbeyan held a seat in the legislative assembly of the colony of NSW. On 28 November 1837 the Colonial Secretary announced the appointment of Captain Alured Tasker Faunce as resident police magistrate at Queanbeyan and his homestead, called Dodsworth, was situated on the banks of the Queanbeyan river opposite the town. Traces of gold were discovered in 1851 and lead and silver mines also flourished briefly, settlers were harassed by bushrangers, of which James Shaw, William Millet, and John Rueben, John Tennant, Jacky Jacky, Frank Gardiner and Ben Hall were some of the more notorious. In 1836, a Post Office was established, the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney Limited opened in Queanbeyan on 19 September 1859. The Bank of New South Wales began service in Queanbeyan in 1878, the Golden Age was Queanbeyans first newspaper and was founded in 1860 by John Gale. In 1880 the residence of John James Wright, the first mayor of Queanbeyan, was constructed along the edge of the Queanbeyan River, in 1982 that building became the Queanbeyan Art Centre. The Salvation Army claimed an outpost in Queanbeyan in 1884, Queanbeyan, an increasingly successful primary producing district, was proclaimed a Municipality in February 1885 incorporating an area of 5,700 acres. The railway reached Queanbeyan railway station in 1887 and it became the junction for the going to Canberra. The town is served by the thrice-daily NSW TrainLink Xplorer service between Canberra and Sydney, at the height of its rural prosperity Queanbeyan boasted sixteen public houses and six flourmills powered by wind, water, horse and steam. The Royal Hotel on Monaro Street opened in 1926, in Canberra alcohol was prohibited from 1911, at the time of the territorys foundation, until 1928, when Federal Parliament had relocated from Melbourne. In that period many of the residents crossed the border to drink at one of Queanbeyans hotels. Queanbeyan was granted city status on 7 July 1972, on 21 July 1975 the Queens Bridge was opened. This bridge took pressure off the bridge in linking Monaro Street directly to the east
6.
Yass, New South Wales
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Yass /ˈjæs/ is a town in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia in Yass Valley Council. The name appears to have derived from an Aboriginal word, Yarrh. Yass is located 280 km south-west of Sydney, on the Hume Highway, the Yass River, which is a tributary of the Murrumbidgee River, flows past the town. Yass is 59 km from Canberra, Yass has an impressive and historic main street, with well-preserved 19th century verandah post pubs. It is popular with tourists, some from Canberra and others taking a break from the Hume Highway. The Yass Show is held in March, The Turning Wave Festival in September, the Yass area was first seen by Europeans in 1821, and by 1830 settlement had begun. It was founded where the nascent Sydney to Melbourne road crossed water in the form of the Yass River, the site for the town was gazette in 1837. Yass was incorporated as a District Council in 1843, and boasted a population of 274 by 1848, on 13 March 1873, the Municipal District of Yass was created, and James Cottrell was subsequently elected as the first Mayor of Yass. Poet and priest Patrick Hartigan was born near Yass in 1878, sir Walter Merriman established Merryville one of the countrys most famous sheep studs and arguably its leading fine-wool establishment in 1903. Yass is a prominent area for raising sheep which produce very fine wool due to the soil, Yass was one of the sites proposed for the Federal Capital after 1901. Yass was the first town in New South Wales to have a water supply in 1956. It has never explained why Yass was the home to a number of flour mills. Bayley in his history of Yass records that, in March 1842 it was reported that the Yass Steam Mill was in operation and this mill was located by the Yass River and was owned by the partnership of Hamilton Hume and John Watson. The mill was known as Watsons Mill and this mill seems to have operated until it was destroyed in a flood in 1870. At that time it was owned by Thomas Andrew Barber, Barber was the son of the George Barber and was also Humes nephew. These connections no doubt lead to the choice of the site of Barbers next mill as the land was owned by Hume. Barber constructed a new mill and, by May 1870, steam was raised. According to Armes et al. the Barber family ‘occupied surviving housing on the corner of Comur and this mill, it is argued is the existing brick structure known as Cragos Flour Mill
7.
Tumut
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Tumut /ˈtjuːmət/ or /ˈtʃuːmət/ is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, situated on the banks of the Tumut River. The name Tumut is derived from an Indigenous name for the area a word thought to mean a quiet resting place by the river, prior to European settlement, Tumut and surrounding areas were part of the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri, Ngarigo and Ngunnawal aboriginal peoples. The areas rivers may have been the boundaries or connection-points of these three language groups, during summertime, the high country was a meeting place for tribes, with Bogong moths being an abundant food source in the warmer months. Tumut sits on the north-west foothills of the Snowy Mountains and is referred to as the gateway to the Snowy Mountains Scheme, the former Tumut Shire was administered from offices located in the town. Tumut is approximately 410 kilometres south-west of Sydney and 525 kilometres north-east of Melbourne, Tumut is home to a number of historic buildings, including an Anglican church designed by Edmund Blacket and a Courthouse designed by James Barnet. Many of the pubs in the town have been in use from the mid to late 1800s, early settlers established a large number of European deciduous trees throughout the area. The stand of Poplars, Elm and Willow, amongst others, Tumut celebrates this with the yearly Festival of the Falling Leaf. The name Tumut is derived from an Indigenous name for the area a word thought to mean a quiet resting place by the river, Tumut Post Office opened 1 January 1849. A public hospital opened in the town in 1900, after many years of lobbying by the local community, construction of the railway line from Gundagai began in 1901, reaching Tumut by 1903 with the first train arriving on 2 December that year. A further extension was built to Batlow and Kunama from a junction at Gilmore, Tumut was one of the ten areas short-listed in 1908 as a site for the Australian Capital Territory. Other locations that were short-listed include Albury, Armidale, Bombala, Dalgety, Lake George, Orange, Tooma, Lyndhurst, Tumut is the centre of a thriving softwood industry based on plantation Pinus radiata. CarterHoltHarvey Woodproducts Pty Ltd operate a sawmill on Adelong Road. 8 km further west on the Snowy Mountains Highway at Gilmore the company operates a sawlog processing plant. The Visy pulp and paper mill is located north of the Snowy Mountains Highway at Gadara, the Visy mill is the only paper mill owned by Visy that makes paper from wood, and is one of the biggest wood mills in Australia. Despite being more direct, the terrain and road conditions limit traffic via these routes and this has led to calls by the council and local businesses for funding to upgrade the Brindabella Road, as the increased traffic would provide the town greater economic opportunities. The town was served by a branch line from Cootamundra, which operated from 1903 until 1984. Although the line is not formally closed, it is unlikely to see service again with sections of track lifted during upgrades to the Hume Highway near Gundagai, Tumut Shire operates Tumut Airport, a small facility located a few kilometres out of town catering to general aviation. Currently there are no scheduled services to the airport, the Tumut Blues compete in the Group 9 Rugby League competition, winning premierships in 1949,1973,2007,2008 and 2010
