1.
Nicholas Biddle (banker)
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Nicholas Biddle was an American financier who served as the third and last president of the Second Bank of the United States. Nicholas Biddle was born in the City of Philadelphia, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, ancestors of the Biddle family immigrated to Pennsylvania when the proprietor, William Penn visited, and fought in the pre-Revolutionary colonial struggles. An uncle with the name, Nicholas Biddle, whose residence was also in Philadelphia, was an early colonial and American Revolutionary War naval hero. Another uncle, Edward Biddle, was also a member of the First Continental Congress of 1774 and he was accordingly sent to Princeton, entered the sophomore class, and was graduated in 1801 as valedictorian, dividing the first honor of the class with his only rival. His younger brother Thomas Biddle, a War of 1812 hero who died in a duel, should not be confused with his cousin by the same name, Biddle was offered an official position before he had even finished his law studies. As secretary to John Armstrong, he went abroad in 1804 and was in Paris in the new French Empire at the time of Napoleon Bonapartes coronation. Afterward he participated in a related to the Louisiana Purchase by the United States of the territory west of the Mississippi River. Biddle traveled extensively through Europe, returning to England to serve as secretary for James Monroe, at Cambridge University, Biddle took part in a conversation with Cambridge professors involving comparison between modern Greek dialect and that of Homer, the incident captured Monroes attention. In 1807, Biddle returned home to Philadelphia and he practiced law and wrote, contributing papers to different publications on various subjects, but chiefly in the fine arts. He became associate editor of a magazine called Port-Folio, which was published from 1806-23, when editor Joseph Dennie died in 1812, Biddle took over the magazine and lived on 7th Street, near Spruce Street. With the consent of all parties, Allen was then recognized as the editor, Biddle served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1810, and then in the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1814. He originated a bill favoring popular education almost a quarter of a century in advance of the times, though the bill was initially defeated, it resurfaced repeatedly in different forms until, in 1836, the Pennsylvania common-school system was inaugurated as an indirect result of his efforts. After Biddle moved to the Pennsylvania State Senate, he lobbied for the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States. It was on this subject that he made his first speech, which attracted attention at the time. When the Banks president, Langdon Cheves, resigned in 1822, for many years after, this Digest was regarded as an authority on the subject. During the financial Panic of 1819, a crisis and economic recession. In late 1818, $4 million of interest payments on the previously sold in 1803 to pay for the Louisiana Purchase was due, in either gold or silver. The U. S. Government had to get its hands on additional amounts of specie, as the Governments fiscal agent, the Bank was required to make this payment on behalf of the Government
2.
Baltimore riot of 1861
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It produced the first deaths by hostile action in the American Civil War and is nicknamed the First Bloodshed of the Civil War. In 1861, most Baltimoreans were anti-war, and did not support a violent conflict with their southern neighbors, many sympathized passionately with the Southern cause. In the previous presidential election, Abraham Lincoln had received only 1,100 of more than 30,000 votes cast in the city. Lincolns opponents were infuriated when the president-elect, fearing an assassination plot, the city was also home to the countrys largest population of free African Americans, as well as many white abolitionists and supporters of the Union. As the war began, the divided loyalties created tension. Supporters of secession and slavery organized themselves into a force called National Volunteers while Unionists and abolitionists called themselves Minute Men, the American Civil War began on April 12, one week before the riot. At the time, the states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee. The status of Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky, when Fort Sumter fell on April 13, the Virginia legislature took up a measure on secession. The measure passed on April 17 after little debate, virginias secession was particularly significant due to the states industrial capacity. Sympathetic Marylanders, who had supported secession ever since John C. Calhoun spoke of nullification and their discontent increased in the days afterward when Lincoln put out a call for volunteers to serve 90 days and end the insurrection. New militia units from several Northern states were starting to transport themselves south, particularly to protect Washington, baltimores mayor, George William Brown, and the new police marshal, George Proctor Kane, anticipated trouble and began efforts to placate the citys population. On April 18,460 newly mustered Pennsylvania volunteers arrived from Harrisburg on the Northern Central Railway at the Bolton Street Station off North Howard Street and they were joined by several regiments of regular United States Army troops under John C. Pemberton returning from duty on the western frontier and they split off from Howard Street in downtown Baltimore and marched east to Fort McHenry and reported for duty there. Kanes city police force generally succeeded in ensuring the Pennsylvania troops safe passage marching south on Howard Street to Camden Street Station of the Baltimore, nevertheless, stones and bricks were hurled and Nicholas Biddle, a black servant traveling with the regiment, was hit on the head. But that night, the Pennsylvania troops, later known as the First Defenders camped at the U. S. Capitol under the uncompleted dome, which was under construction. On April 17, the Sixth Massachusetts Militia departed from Boston, Massachusetts, arriving in New York the following morning, on April 19, the unit headed on to Baltimore, where they anticipated a slow transit through the city. Rail cars that transferred between the two stations had to be pulled by horses along Pratt Street, sometime after leaving Philadelphia, the units colonel, Edward F. Jones, received information that passage through Baltimore would be resisted. According to his report, Jones went through the railroad cars and gave this order, The regiment will march through Baltimore in column of sections
