1.
Trance music
–
Trance is a genre of electronic dance music that developed during the 1990s in Germany. Although trance is a genre of its own, it incorporates influences from other musical styles such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, tech house, ambient. A trance refers to a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness and this is portrayed in trance music by the mixing of layers with distinctly foreshadowed build-up and release. Trance tracks are often lengthy to allow for such progression and commonly have sufficiently sparse opening and closing sections to facilitate mixing by DJs, Trance can be purely instrumental, although vocals are also a common feature. Typically they are performed by mezzo-soprano to soprano female soloists, often without verse/chorus structure, structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as grand, soaring, and operatic and ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths. It was promoted by the well-known UK club-night megatripolis whose scene catapulted it to international fame, One writer traces the roots of trance to Paul van Dyks 1993 remix of Humates Love Stimulation. However, van Dyks trance origins can be traced back to his work with Visions Of Shiva. With film music also being influential, Trance was arguably at its commercial peak in the second part of 1990s and early 2000s. Classic trance employs a 4/4 time signature, a tempo of 125 to 150 BPM, a kick drum is usually placed on every downbeat and a regular open hi-hat is often placed on the upbeat or every 1/8th division of the bar. Rapid arpeggios and minor keys are common features of Trance, the latter being almost universal, instruments are added or removed every 4,8,16, or 32 bars. In the section before the breakdown, the motif is often introduced in a sliced up and simplified form. Then later, the climax is usually a culmination of the first part of the track mixed with the main melodic reprise. As is the case with many music tracks, trance tracks are usually built with sparser intros and outros in order to enable DJs to blend them together immediately. As trance is more melodic and harmonic than other dance music. More recent forms of trance music incorporate other styles and elements of music such as electro. It emphasizes harsher basslines and drum beats which decrease the importance of offbeats, the bpm of more recent styles tends to be on par with house music at 120 -135 beats per minute. However, unlike house music, recent forms of trance stay true to their melodic breakdowns, Trance music is broken into a large number of subgenres. Chronologically, the major subgenres are classic trance, acid trance, progressive trance, uplifting trance, closely related to Uplifting Trance is Euro-trance, which has become a general term for a wide variety of highly commercialized European dance music
Trance music
–
Trance Energy Festival in
Utrecht,
Netherlands
Trance music
–
Psychedelic trance culture of
Kazantip in 2006, showing the decorations common at trance music events.
Trance music
–
Clubbers at Gatecrasher on April 16, 2006
Trance music
–
Sensation White 2006
2.
Electronic dance music
–
Electronic dance music is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals. EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA. In the United Kingdom and in continental Europe, EDM is more commonly called dance music or simply dance. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, at this time a perceived association between EDM and drug culture led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture. By the early 2010s the term dance music and the initialism EDM was being pushed by the US music industry. Early examples of dance music include the disco music of Giorgio Moroder. During the early 1980s, the popularity of disco music declined in the United States, abandoned by major US record labels. European disco continued evolving within the mainstream pop music scene. European acts Silver Convention, Love and Kisses, Munich Machine, and American acts Donna Summer, in 1977, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte produced I Feel Love for Donna Summer. It became the first well-known disco hit to have a completely synthesised backing track, other disco producers, most famously American producer Tom Moulton, grabbed ideas and techniques from dub music to provide alternatives to the four on the floor style that dominated. The sound that originated from P-Funk the electronic side of disco, dub music. Much of the music produced during this time was, like disco, at this time creative control started shifting to independent record companies, less established producers, and club DJs. Other dance styles that began to become popular during the era include dance-pop, boogie, electro, Italo disco, house. In the early 1980s, electro emerged as a fusion of funk, also called electro-boogie, but later shortened to electro, cited pioneers include Zapp, D. Train, Sinnamon. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, as the electronic sound developed, instruments such as the bass guitar and drums were replaced by synthesizers and most notably by iconic drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. Early uses of the TR-808 include several Yellow Magic Orchestra tracks in 1980-1981, the 1982 track Planet Rock by Afrikaa Bambaataa, and the 1982 song Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. In 1982, producer Arthur Baker with Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal Planet Rock which was influenced by the Yellow Magic Orchestra using Kraftwerk samples, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak
Electronic dance music
–
Roland TB-303: The
bass line synthesizer that was used prominently in
acid house.
Electronic dance music
–
Typical tools for EDM production: computer, MIDI keyboard and mixer/sound recorder.
Electronic dance music
–
An EDM festival in 2013 with over 100,000 attendees, exhibiting the large crowds and dramatic lighting common at such events since the early 2000s.
3.
Music festival
–
A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality, or locality of musicians, or holiday. They are commonly held outdoors, and are inclusive of other attractions such as food and merchandise vending, performance art. Many festivals are annual, or repeat at some other interval, some, including many rock festivals, are held only once. Some festivals are organized as for-profit concerts and others are benefits for a specific cause, another type of music festival is the educative type, organized annually in local communities, regionally, or nationally, for the benefit of amateur musicians of all ages and grades of achievement. The Pythian Games at Delphi included musical performances, and may be one of the earliest festivals known, during the Middle Ages, festivals were often held as competitions. Entrants perform prepared pieces in front of an audience which includes competitors and they also usually receive a certificate, classified according to merit, and some may win trophies. The competitive element is played down, however, as the important aspect is that participants can learn from one another. Such festivals aim to provide a friendly and supportive platform for musicians to share in the excitement of making music, for many, they provide a bridge from lessons and examinations to performing confidently in public. Milwaukee, Wisconsins 11-day event, Summerfest, promotes itself as The Worlds Largest Music Festival, operating annually since 1968, the festival attracts between 800,000 and 1,000,000 people each year, and hosts over 800 musical acts. The Woodstock Festival in 1969 drew nearly 500,000 attendees, the largest annual greenfield music festival in the world is Roskilde Festival in Denmark, which attracts about 135,000 spectators each year. Glastonbury Festival has a capacity of about 175,000 spectators, for a more complete listing of active and defunct festivals by region, see Category, Music festivals by country. Some sections may also have links to related lists of music festivals by country, L. my.1 Festival, Biddinghuizen Dekmantel, Amsterdam Festival Mundial, Tilburg Incubate, Tilburg Le Guess Who. Born 1985 Salas Principales Auditorio Alfredo Kraus, Las Palmas y Auditorio Adán Martin, Tenerife. com – The most extensive music festival listings
Music festival
–
Music festival
Music festival
–
Leigo Järvemuusika 2007
Music festival
–
Parkenfestivalen 2012 The Prodigy
4.
Rock festival
–
A rock festival can also refer to a festival focused on a specific rock subgenre, such as a punk rock festival, gothic festival, or heavy metal festival. Initially, some of the earliest rock festivals were built on the foundation of pre-existing jazz and blues festivals, for example, the United Kingdom’s National Jazz Festival was launched in Richmond from August 26–27,1961. A similar, though rapid, evolution occurred with Jazz Bilzen. The 1966 festival still featured mostly jazz acts, however, by the time of the third festival from August 25–27,1967, rock and pop acts had edged out most of the jazz bands and become the main attraction. In the United States, rock festivals seemed to spring up with a more self-defined musical identity, the concept caught fire and spread quickly as rock festivals took on a unique identity and attracted significant media attention around the world. By 1969, promoters were staging dozens of them and it seems fitting… that one of the most enduring labels for the entire generation of that era was derived from a rock festival, the ‘Woodstock Generation’. Reflecting their musical diversity and the then-common term ‘pop music’, for the first few years, particularly in the US and this also served to distinguish them among the ticket-buying public from other, pre-existing types of music festivals such as jazz and folk festivals. By the end of 1972, the term ‘pop festival’ had virtually disappeared as festival promoters adopted more creative, unique and location-specific names to identify, today, rock festivals are still usually open-air concerts spread out over several days. Many are annual events sponsored by the organization, and many feature a single type or closely related genres of music such as dance, electronic. In various countries, the organizers of rock festivals have faced legal action from authorities, festivals may require millions of USD to be organized, with the money often gathered through fundraising and angel investors. Some of these stages may in turn become known and large enough to be seen as festivals themselves, as rock music has increasingly been fused with other genres, sometimes stages will be devoted to a specific genre, such as folk rock or reggae. Some festivals such as SXSW hold smaller concurrent concerts throughout a city, advances in sound reinforcement systems beginning in the 1960s enabled larger and larger rock festival audiences to hear the performers music with much better clarity and volume. The best example was the work of Bill Hanley, known as the father of festival sound. Camping and crowd control Many festivals offer camping, either because lodging in the area is insufficient to support the crowd, or to allow easy multi-day access to the festivals features. Many early rock festivals successfully relied on volunteers for crowd control, for individuals like Wavy Gravy and biker groups such as the Hells Angels. Gravy in particular called his security group the Please Force, a reference to their tactics at keeping order. Please dont do that, please do this instead, other rock festivals hire private security or local police departments for crowd control, with varying degrees of success. A recent innovation is the rock festival where many musical acts perform at multiple locations during a tour
Rock festival
–
Woodstock in 1969
Rock festival
–
The
Nambassa Festival in
New Zealand
Rock festival
–
National Jazz and Blues Festival
Rock festival
–
Reading and Leeds Festivals
5.
List of electronic dance music festivals
–
Electronic dance music is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals. EDM is generally produced for playback by disc jockeys who create seamless selections of tracks, called a mix, EDM producers also perform their music live in a concert or festival setting in what is sometimes called a live PA. In the United Kingdom and in continental Europe, EDM is more commonly called dance music or simply dance. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, following the emergence of raving, pirate radio, at this time a perceived association between EDM and drug culture led governments at state and city level to enact laws and policies intended to halt the spread of rave culture. By the early 2010s the term dance music and the initialism EDM was being pushed by the US music industry. Early examples of dance music include the disco music of Giorgio Moroder. During the early 1980s, the popularity of disco music declined in the United States, abandoned by major US record labels. European disco continued evolving within the mainstream pop music scene. European acts Silver Convention, Love and Kisses, Munich Machine, and American acts Donna Summer, in 1977, Giorgio Moroder and Pete Bellotte produced I Feel Love for Donna Summer. It became the first well-known disco hit to have a completely synthesised backing track, other disco producers, most famously American producer Tom Moulton, grabbed ideas and techniques from dub music to provide alternatives to the four on the floor style that dominated. The sound that originated from P-Funk the electronic side of disco, dub music. Much of the music produced during this time was, like disco, at this time creative control started shifting to independent record companies, less established producers, and club DJs. Other dance styles that began to become popular during the era include dance-pop, boogie, electro, Italo disco, house. In the early 1980s, electro emerged as a fusion of funk, also called electro-boogie, but later shortened to electro, cited pioneers include Zapp, D. Train, Sinnamon. Early hip hop and rap combined with German and Japanese electropop influences such as Kraftwerk, as the electronic sound developed, instruments such as the bass guitar and drums were replaced by synthesizers and most notably by iconic drum machines, particularly the Roland TR-808. Early uses of the TR-808 include several Yellow Magic Orchestra tracks in 1980-1981, the 1982 track Planet Rock by Afrikaa Bambaataa, and the 1982 song Sexual Healing by Marvin Gaye. In 1982, producer Arthur Baker with Afrika Bambaataa released the seminal Planet Rock which was influenced by the Yellow Magic Orchestra using Kraftwerk samples, Planet Rock was followed later that year by another breakthrough electro record, Nunk by Warp 9. In 1983, Hashim created an electro funk sound which influenced Herbie Hancock, the early 1980s were electros mainstream peak
List of electronic dance music festivals
–
Roland TB-303: The
bass line synthesizer that was used prominently in
acid house.
List of electronic dance music festivals
–
Typical tools for EDM production: computer, MIDI keyboard and mixer/sound recorder.
List of electronic dance music festivals
–
An EDM festival in 2013 with over 100,000 attendees, exhibiting the large crowds and dramatic lighting common at such events since the early 2000s.
6.
List of technoparades
–
A technoparade is a parade of vehicles equipped with strong loudspeakers and amplifiers playing Electronic dance music. It resembles a carnival parade in some respects, but the vehicles are less elaborately decorated. Also, a technoparade doesnt share the carnival parade tradition of bombarding the spectators with sweets, however, the revellers do occasionally throw confetti and spray foam from the vehicles onto the crowd. Nearly all of the vehicles are converted trucks, in order to power the amplifiers, the trucks are frequently equipped with an additional electrical generator. For safety reasons, horse-drawn floats are never used in technoparades, there would be a danger of horses panicking from the noise, however, there are occasional human-drawn floats equipped with generators, record players, amplifiers and loudspeakers. Some of the vehicles allow people to ride along, for a fee, for those on the sidelines, or travelling alongside on foot or bicycles, attendance is free. The official program of a technoparade is generally not as important as what happens informally, in contrast to a carnival parade, the vehicles are little more than flatbed trucks with sound equipment, rather than elaborately decorated floats. There are usually no fireworks or other elements of large celebrations. Technoparades are rarely linked to anniversaries of events, they usually simply take place in the summer to take advantage of the good weather. However, in Germany technoparades are usually registered as a political demonstration. Technoparades generally have an atmosphere, where social rules are at least loosened. The music coming from two sound trucks overlaps with approximately equal intensity, and people can dance to either of two competing rhythms, in the technoparade subculture they call this the Verwirrungsgebiet by analogy to a concept in radio frequency engineering. Some in the crowd generally climb up to any point that can possibly be scaled. The spirit is continued at after-parties in the local nightclubs. Technoparades are not without problems, They are regarded by some participants as a license to consume illegal drugs, a few technoparades have been exploited by makers of pornographic films. There is an inherent danger of accidents as people climb on, some well-constructed toilets do exist, but not enough to serve the entire technoparade. Street Parade, Zurich around 900,000 participants annually as of 2011 Love Parade, in contrast to technoparades which are characterized by free participation on the street, in this case only the passengers on the vessels or inside the trams are part of the event. An example for a boatparade is the Berlin Beats & Boats event which takes place annually since 2009, a regular Housetram event has been organized by Monika Kruse in Munich since 1995
List of technoparades
–
Two DJs (pictured center) mix with turntables at the Paris Techno Parade. Their equipment is inside the truck, which has a large speaker setup for the moving crowd.
List of technoparades
–
Although not intended, it happens sometimes that things get destroyed by visitors of techno parades. The rain tube shown on the picture was torn down by a man in a slap-stick like manner when he tried to climb down from the roof of the building at the left on Street Parade 1997. At Street Parade 1998, it laid still at the place where it was put one year ago
List of technoparades
–
Franconia-Love-Truck 1995
7.
Doof
–
Doofs generally have healing workshops, speakers, art, live artists and DJs playing a range of electronic music, commonly goa, dub techno, Techno, acid heavy sounds and psychedelic trance. Doof doof is an Australian term for electronic music centred on a heavy bass drum kick. The very first commercial doof party to be hosted within Australia, the original term doof was created in Newtown Sydney in Spring 1992, when a neighbour knocking on the door said what is this doof doof doof I hear. The term did not become a popular designation for outdoor dance parties until after the mid-1990s, in 2013 the Australian Macquarie Dictionary officially and publicly added the word bush doof to their index. The name is onomatopoeic, and is derived from the sound of the drum used in the electronic music frequently played at these events. J. Coman, Quadrant Magazine, January 2005 – Volume XLIX Number 1–2 Doof Metronome/Chronometer, S. A. Roberts, June 1996 – http, //au. syd. labs. coop/briefs/about-our-business/time-services-rss/6,1. html
Doof
–
Bush doof
Doof
Doof
Doof
8.
Trance festival
–
Trance is a genre of electronic dance music that developed during the 1990s in Germany. Although trance is a genre of its own, it incorporates influences from other musical styles such as techno, house, pop, chill-out, classical music, tech house, ambient. A trance refers to a state of hypnotism and heightened consciousness and this is portrayed in trance music by the mixing of layers with distinctly foreshadowed build-up and release. Trance tracks are often lengthy to allow for such progression and commonly have sufficiently sparse opening and closing sections to facilitate mixing by DJs, Trance can be purely instrumental, although vocals are also a common feature. Typically they are performed by mezzo-soprano to soprano female soloists, often without verse/chorus structure, structured vocal form in trance music forms the basis of the vocal trance subgenre, which has been described as grand, soaring, and operatic and ethereal female leads floating amongst the synths. It was promoted by the well-known UK club-night megatripolis whose scene catapulted it to international fame, One writer traces the roots of trance to Paul van Dyks 1993 remix of Humates Love Stimulation. However, van Dyks trance origins can be traced back to his work with Visions Of Shiva. With film music also being influential, Trance was arguably at its commercial peak in the second part of 1990s and early 2000s. Classic trance employs a 4/4 time signature, a tempo of 125 to 150 BPM, a kick drum is usually placed on every downbeat and a regular open hi-hat is often placed on the upbeat or every 1/8th division of the bar. Rapid arpeggios and minor keys are common features of Trance, the latter being almost universal, instruments are added or removed every 4,8,16, or 32 bars. In the section before the breakdown, the motif is often introduced in a sliced up and simplified form. Then later, the climax is usually a culmination of the first part of the track mixed with the main melodic reprise. As is the case with many music tracks, trance tracks are usually built with sparser intros and outros in order to enable DJs to blend them together immediately. As trance is more melodic and harmonic than other dance music. More recent forms of trance music incorporate other styles and elements of music such as electro. It emphasizes harsher basslines and drum beats which decrease the importance of offbeats, the bpm of more recent styles tends to be on par with house music at 120 -135 beats per minute. However, unlike house music, recent forms of trance stay true to their melodic breakdowns, Trance music is broken into a large number of subgenres. Chronologically, the major subgenres are classic trance, acid trance, progressive trance, uplifting trance, closely related to Uplifting Trance is Euro-trance, which has become a general term for a wide variety of highly commercialized European dance music
Trance festival
–
Trance Energy Festival in
Utrecht,
Netherlands
Trance festival
–
Psychedelic trance culture of
Kazantip in 2006, showing the decorations common at trance music events.
Trance festival
–
Clubbers at Gatecrasher on April 16, 2006
Trance festival
–
Sensation White 2006
9.
Teknival
–
Teknivals are large free parties which take place worldwide. They take place most often in Europe and are illegal under various national or regional laws. They vary in size from dozens to thousands of people, depending on such as accessibility, reputation, weather. The parties often take place in far away from residential areas such as squatted warehouses, empty military bases, beaches. The teknival phenomenon is a movement which has grown out of the rave, UK traveller and Burning Man scenes. Summer is the season for teknivals. Section 63 of the Act gave the new powers to close down illegal parties. Sound systems then started travelling to countries in Europe where laws were less restrictive, one of the most famous of these sound systems was Spiral Tribe, which was at the forefront of the free party movement in Europe. Other systems were called Bedlam, Circus Normal, Circus Warp, desert Storm sound system organised teknivals in France and Spain and brought raves to war-torn Sarajevo, Bosnia, in 1996. At one party the front-line was 10 kilometres away and they were asked to turn off their lights in case they attracted enemy fire. While some teknivals are one-off events, most take place every year on or around the same date, northTek was held on Crown Land in Ontario. Since a teknival can last a week or longer, many styles will be represented. The music which grew in tandem with teknivals was free tekno, the DJs and party goers are unconcerned by musical boundaries, so a lot of different, mostly electronic, music is played and performed. Most sound systems play styles such as techno, spiral tekno, electro, techno, jungle music, raggacore, skullstep, neurofunk, breakcore, schranz. The music is played by DJs playing vinyl records and Mp3 files on a computer, livesets are also frequently played using a variety of equipment, keyboards, drum machines, guitar effects pedals, MIDI controller and computers. At early teknivals, sound systems would play until either no-one was left dancing or the diesel ran out in the generator, however this has not stopped various groups from claiming the teknival and rave culture in general as the implementation of the TAZ. Anyone is welcome to enter the site, there is no ticket or fee, normally any artist who turns up is encouraged to participate. Over the course of a few days the site can grow into a village of sound systems, cafes, tents
Teknival
–
Paris Teknival, May 2005
Teknival
–
CzechTek 2001
Teknival
–
Dutch teknival, August 2001
Teknival
–
SummerTek 2007
10.
Algorave
–
An Algorave is an event where people dance to music generated from algorithms, often using live coding techniques, and short for algorithmic rave. Alex McLean of Slub and Nick Collins coined the word algorave and it has since become a movement, with algoraves taking place around the world. An algorave is an event where people dance to music generated from algorithms, algoraves can include a range of styles, including a complex form of minimal techno, and has been described as a meeting point of hacker philosophy, geek culture, and clubbing. Although algorave musicians have been compared with DJs, they are in fact live musicians or improvisers, creating music live, usually by writing or modifying code, Algorithmic approaches have long been applied in electronic dance music, including by Farmers Manual, Autechre, and Aphex Twin. Traditional use of algorithms include Maypole dancing, where they are applied to the dance itself as a form of Algorithmic Choreography, the first self-proclaimed algorave was held in London as a warmup concert for the SuperCollider Symposium 2012. However the name was first coined in 2011, after live coders Nick Collins, since then, Algorave has been growing into an international movement, with algoraves having been held mainly in Europe and Asia, and few events in Australia and North America. Algorave can also be considered a music movement with a community of electronic musicians, visual artists. Media related to Algorave at Wikimedia Commons Algorave. com
Algorave
–
Algorave
11.
Free festival
–
Free festivals are a combination of music, arts and cultural activities, for which often no admission is charged, but involvement is preferred. They are identifiable by being multi-day events connected by a community without centralised control. The pioneering free festival movement started in the UK in the 1970s, the first intentionally free festival was the 1972 to 1974 Windsor Free Festival, held in Windsor Great Park, England. The organisation was mostly Ubi Dwyer distributing thousands of leaflets and asking people and bands to bring their own equipment, un-authored leaflet from 1980, quoted in George McKay’s Senseless Acts of Beauty, Cultures of Resistance Since the Sixties
Free festival
–
Stonehenge Free Festival 1984
Free festival
–
Simon and Garfunkel at
The Concert in Central Park
Free festival
–
Cambridge Strawberry Fair 2011
Free festival
–
Strawberry Fair 2007, Cambridge
12.
Free party
–
See free festivals for the large events focusing on rock and pop in the 1960s. A free party is a party free from the restrictions of the club scene. It typically involves a sound system playing electronic music from late at night until the time when the organisers decide to go home. A free party can be composed of just one system or of many and if the party becomes a festival, the parties can be thought of as autonomous zones where all the people present create and enforce the rules. This typically means that drugs are available and noise levels are usually illegally high. The word free in this context is used both to describe the entry fee and the lack of restrictions and law enforcement, motivations for organisers range from political protest to simply wanting to have fun. An example of free parties as political protest was their prominence during the M11 link road protest, at most parties no money is asked for entrance since the aim is not to make profit. However at some events it is requested at the door to make a donation to cover costs, typically organisers make little profit or make a loss setting them up. The term free party is used widely in Europe than in the USA. In Canada and some parts of Europe they are referred to as Freetekno parties. A free party might have once described as a rave. Since the birth of nightclubs in town centres in Europe the use of the word rave had fallen out of fashion. The term squat party defines the free parties with secret indoor locations, the address is obtained on the day of the event personally from organizers as the buildings are squatted. The parties often last over 24 hours, after the emergence of the Acid House parties in the late 1980s up to 4,000 people were known to attend a rave. These events happened almost every weekend, the noise and disturbance of thousands of people appearing at parties in rural locations, such as Genesis 88, caused outrage in the national media. The British government made the fine for holding an illegal party £20,000, Police crackdowns on these often-illegal parties drove the scene into the countryside. The word rave somehow caught on to describe these semi-spontaneous weekend parties occurring at various locations outside the M25 Orbital motorway that now attracted up to 25000, sound systems from this time include Spiral Tribe and DiY. In the 1990s raves began to expand into a global phenomenon, around 1989-1992 people who had travelled to attend the first raves began setting up promotion companies in each region to organize their own parties
Free party
–
May 2005, UK Tek a large outdoor free party in Wales
Free party
–
Police out in force at
CzechTek 2005
13.
Circuit party
–
A circuit party is a large dance event. It extends through the night and into the day, almost always with a number of affiliated events in the days leading up to. Proto-circuit parties in the late 1970s, the precursors of what later became circuit parties, were called disco parties and they lasted only one evening and were held in various large venues in metropolitan areas with large gay populations. The start of the circuit has been attributed to different parties that sprang up during the time-frame of the late 1970s. These proto-circuit parties in the late 1970s, the precursors of what later became circuit parties, were called disco parties and they lasted one evening only, and were held in various large venues in metropolitan areas with large gay populations. Although Flamingo and 12 West were New York clubs that had theme-centered gay parties and this members-only male club was very technologically advanced. Some say its like has not been recreated since, while open every weekend beginning in September, The Saints once monthly parties became marathon events that drew gay men from around the world. These parties created the concept of a party being the focal point for a weekend get-away in the gay community. What was to another circuit party was founded during the same time period by Corbett Reynolds. Initially, Reynolds envisioned a one-night party-to-end-all-parties, designed around the theme of the color Red, Reynolds was a true artist, creating complete party-scapes all in red. On the 25th year anniversary of the Red Party, the theme of which was to have been Rome, Mr. Reynolds died. Those in charge of his thought about how, if at all, to continue the event and, in the end, decided to retire the concept of the Red Party. The early 1980s saw the start of the AIDS crisis, many were named after colors, such as White Party, Black Party, Blue Ball, and Black and Blue Festival. And many center around other events, such as Southern Decadence, because of their economic impact, Circuit parties have actually been welcomed into some of the more liberal cities where they are held. Promoters sometimes turned events from one party into a series of parties at various venues. For example, a party might go from noon to 5PM, a t-dance from 5PM to 9PM, a main event from 9PM to 4AM. Having reached its peak around 1999–2000, the Circuit found itself a part of a much larger whole. In 2004, The New York Times travel section featured a look at The White Party in Palm Springs in conjunction with staff members of Noizemag
Circuit party
–
Circuit party (disco party)
Circuit party
–
A circuit party in
Atlanta, Georgia
Circuit party
–
White Diamonds Party at
Club Skirts Dinah Shore Weekend
14.
Concert tour
–
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment
Concert tour
–
A
classical music concert in the
Rod Laver Arena,
Melbourne,
Australia, 2005
Concert tour
–
Concert, by Italian
baroque artist
Bernardo Strozzi
Concert tour
–
Concert of Joler Gan Band, Bangabndhu International Conference Centre (BICC)
Concert tour
–
A
Girl Scout passing out printed programs at a Municipal Band concert in
Eau Claire, Wisconsin
15.
Rave
–
A rave is a large dance party featuring performances by DJs and occasionally live performers playing electronic music. The music is amplified with a large, powerful sound reinforcement system, the music is accompanied by laser light shows, projected images, visual effects and fog machines. The word rave was first used in the late 1980s to describe the subculture grew out of the acid house movement. While some raves may be small parties held at nightclubs or private residences, some raves have grown to immense size, some electronic dance music festivals have features of raves, but on a large, often commercial scale. Raves may last for a time, with some events continuing for twenty-four hours. In the late 1950s in London the term rave was used to describe the wild bohemian parties of the Soho beatnik set, in 1958, Buddy Holly recorded the hit Rave On, citing the madness and frenzy of a feeling and the desire for it never to end. The word rave was used in the burgeoning mod youth culture of the early 1960s as the way to describe any wild party in general. People who were gregarious party animals were described as ravers, pop musicians such as Steve Marriott of The Small Faces and Keith Moon of The Who were self-described ravers. Presaging the words subsequent 1980s association with music, the word rave was a common term used regarding the music of mid-1960s garage rock. It was later part of the title of a music performance event held on 28 January 1967 at Londons Roundhouse titled the Million Volt Light. The event featured the only public airing of an experimental sound collage created for the occasion by Paul McCartney of The Beatles – the legendary Carnival of Light recording. With the rapid change of British pop culture from the mod era of 1963–1966 to the era of 1967 and beyond. Its use during that era would have perceived as a quaint or ironic use of bygone slang. Also during the 1970s the Chicago house movement continued to expand along with a new club - Studio 54, Studio 54 was a world-famous New York nightclub and discothèque. Founded and created by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager in 1977, Rubell and Schrager hired Scott Bromley as architect, Ron Doud as interior designer and Brian Thompson as lighting designer. Where formerly all clubs had very dark, at Studio 54 the crowd could be lit brightly. In the late 1970s, the club was arguably the best-known nightclub in the world, the perception of the word changed again in the late 1980s when the term was revived and adopted by a new youth culture, possibly inspired by the use of the term in Jamaica. In the late 1980s, the word rave was adopted to describe the subculture grew out of the acid house movement
Rave
–
Strobing lights flash at a rave in
Vienna, Austria in 2005
Rave
–
A huge bank of speakers and
subwoofers from a rave
sound reinforcement system.
Rave
–
Rave - Juiz de Fora - MG, featuring bright psychedelic theming common at many raves.
Rave
–
Rave in Hungary in 2010, showing many of the fantastical theming elements common at such events.
16.
Smiley
–
A smiley is a stylized representation of a smiling humanoid face, an important part of popular culture. The classic form designed in 1963 comprises a circle with two black dots representing eyes and a black arc representing the mouth. Smiley is also used as a generic term for any emoticon. The smiley has been referenced in all areas of Western culture including music, movies. The smiley has also associated with 1980s rave culture. The plural form smilies is commonly used, but the variant spelling smilie is not as common as the y spelling, the poet and author Johannes V. Jensen was amongst other things famous for experimenting with the form of his writing. In a letter sent to publisher Ernst Bojesen in December 1900 he includes both a face and a sad face, resembling the modern smiley. A commercial version of a face with the word THANKS above it was available in 1919. The round face was more detailed than the one depicted above, having eyebrows, nose, teeth, chin, facial creases and shading. In 1953 and 1958, similar happy faces were used in campaigns for the films Lili. The smiley was first introduced to popular culture as part of a promotion by New York radio station WMCA beginning in 1962, listeners who answered their phone WMCA Good Guys. were rewarded with a WMCA good guys sweatshirt that incorporated a happy face into its design. Thousands of these sweatshirts were given away, the WMCA smiley was yellow with black dots as eyes, but it had a slightly crooked smile instead of a full smile, and no creases in the mouth. As per Smithsonian, the face as we know it today was created by Harvey Ross Ball. In 1963, Harvey Ball was employed by State Mutual Life Assurance Company of Worcester, Ball created the design in ten minutes and was paid $45. His rendition, with yellow background, dark oval eyes, full smile. The design is so simple that it is certain that similar versions were produced before 1963, however, Ball’s rendition, as described here, has become the most iconic version. In 1967, Seattle graphic artist George Tenagi drew his own version at the request of advertising agent, tenagis design was used in an advertising campaign for Seattle-based University Federal Savings & Loan. The ad campaign was inspired by Charles Strouse lyrics in Put on a Happy Face from the musical Bye Bye Birdie, Stern, the man behind this campaign, incorporated the Happy Face in his run for Seattle mayor in 1993
Smiley
–
A poster for
Lili in 1953
Smiley
–
Smiley
17.
Disc jockey
–
A disc jockey is a person who mixes different sources of pre-existing recorded music as it is playing, usually for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or via broadcasting. DJs typically perform for an audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale, in hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over, DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and mix them together. This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs, DJ equipment, notably the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another, the cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to preview a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the track they want to play. DJs may also use a microphone to speak to the audience, effects such as reverb to create sound effects, drum machines. The title DJ is also used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted pseudonyms or stage names as a title to denote their profession. Some DJs focus on creating a mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use turntablism techniques such as scratching, in which the DJ or turntablist manipulates the record player turntable to create new sounds. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, there are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music that is broadcast on AM, FM, club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or discothèques, or at parties, raves, or even in stadiums. Mobile DJs travel with portable sound systems and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the master of ceremonies at weddings or other events, directing the attention of attendees, there are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different turntablism techniques, such as mixing, hip hop music-style scratching or other kinds of techniques. Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or music producers who use turntablism and sampling to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. In reggae, the DJ is a vocalist who raps, toasts, chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks, the individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many electronica artists and producers who work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments
Disc jockey
–
A DJ performing at an event
Disc jockey
–
Technics 1200 MK2, Technics 1210 MK2, and Pioneer DJM-500 shown in a common DJ configuration
Disc jockey
–
A DJ at Sundance Film Festival 2003
Disc jockey
–
A young woman plays a gramophone in an air raid shelter in north London (1940).
18.
VJing
–
VJing is a broad designation for realtime visual performance. Characteristics of VJing are the creation or manipulation of imagery in realtime through technological mediation and for an audience, VJing often takes place at events such as concerts, nightclubs, music festivals and sometimes in combination with other performative arts. This results in a multimedia performance that can include music. The term VJing became popular in its association with MTVs Video Jockey, in both situations VJing is the manipulation or selection of visuals, the same way DJing is a selection and manipulation of audio. In addition to the selection of media, VJing mostly implies realtime processing of the visual material, the term is also used to describe the performative use of generative software, although the word becomes dubious since no video is being mixed. Historically, VJing gets its references from art forms that deal with the experience of vision. The color organ is a mechanism to make colors correspond to sound through mechanical, bainbridge Bishop, who contributed to the development of the color organ, was dominated with the idea of painting music. Between 1919 and 1927, Mary Hallock-Greenewalt, a piano soloist, created a new art form called Nourathar. Her light music consisted of environmental color fields that produced a scale of light intensities, in place of a keyboard, the Sarabet had a console with graduated sliders and other controls, more like a modern mixing board. Lights could be adjusted directly via the sliders, through the use of a pedal, in clubs and private events in the 1960s people used liquid-slides, disco balls and light projections on smoke to give the audience new sensations. Some of these experiments were linked to the music, but most of the time they functioned as decorations and these came to be known as liquid light shows. The Exploding Plastic Inevitable, between 1966 and 1967, organized by Andy Warhol contributed to the fusion of music and visuals in a party context, at concerts, a few bands started to have regular film/video along with their music. Experimental film maker Tony Potts was considered a member of The Monochrome Set for his work on lighting design. Test Department initially worked with Bert Turnball as their resident visual artist, creating slideshows, the organization, Ministry of Power included collaborations with performance groups, traditional choirs and various political activists. Industrial bands would perform in art contexts, as well as in concert halls, groups like Cabaret Voltaire started to use low cost video editing equipment to create their own time-based collages for their sound works. In their words, before, you had to do collages on paper, the film collages made by and for groups such as the Test Dept, Throbbing Gristle and San Franciscos Tuxedomoon became part of their live shows. An example of mixing film with live performance is that of Public Image Ltd. at the Ritz Riot in 1981 and this club, located on the East 9th St in New York, had a state of the art video projection system. It was used to show a combination of prerecorded and live video on the clubs screen, piL played behind this screen with lights rear projecting their shadows on to the screen
VJing
–
A VJ working with computers with their projection in the background.
VJing
–
The VJ Book and VJ:Audio Visual Art + VJ Culture
VJing
–
The Videonics MX-1 video mixer
VJing
–
Two VJs collaborating on a mix at an outdoor electronic music festival.
19.
Light beam
–
A light beam or beam of light is a directional projection of light energy radiating from a light source. Sunlight forms a light beam when filtered through media such as clouds, foliage, to artificially produce a light beam, a lamp and a parabolic reflector is used in many lighting devices such as spotlights, car headlights, PAR Cans and LED housings. Light from certain types of laser has the smallest possible beam divergence. From the side, a beam of light is visible if part of the light is scattered by objects, tiny particles like dust, water droplets, hail, snow, or smoke. If there are objects in the light path, then it appears as a continuous beam. In any case, this scattering of light from a beam, flashlight, beam directed by hand Headlight, forward beam, the lamp is mounted in a vehicle, or on the forehead of a person, e. g. The difference between the two is that the fog itself is also a visual effect, Laser lighting display- Laser beams are often used for visual effects, often in combination with music. This also used to be done for movie premieres, the waving searchlight beams are still to be seen as an element in the logo of the 20th Century Fox movie studio
Light beam
–
A Symphony of Lights in
Victoria Harbour,
Hong Kong
Light beam
–
Light beams were used to symbolize the missing towers of the
World Trade Center as part of the
Tribute in Light.
Light beam
–
A natural lightbeam in the
Majlis al-Jinn (literally 'Meeting place of the
jinn ') cave in
Oman
Light beam
–
Beams shining through water-based haze in a photo studio setting.
20.
Loudspeaker
–
A loudspeaker is an electroacoustic transducer, which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. The most widely used type of speaker in the 2010s is the speaker, invented in 1925 by Edward W. Kellogg. The dynamic speaker operates on the basic principle as a dynamic microphone. Besides this most common method, there are several technologies that can be used to convert an electrical signal into sound. The sound source must be amplified or strengthened with a power amplifier before the signal is sent to the speaker. Speakers are typically housed in an enclosure or speaker cabinet which is often a rectangular or square box made of wood or sometimes plastic. The enclosures materials and design play an important role in the quality of the sound, where high fidelity reproduction of sound is required, multiple loudspeaker transducers are often mounted in the same enclosure, each reproducing a part of the audible frequency range. In this case the individual speakers are referred to as drivers, drivers made for reproducing high audio frequencies are called tweeters, those for middle frequencies are called mid-range drivers, and those for low frequencies are called woofers. Smaller loudspeakers are found in such as radios, televisions, portable audio players, computers. Larger loudspeaker systems are used for music, sound reinforcement in theatres and concerts, the term loudspeaker may refer to individual transducers or to complete speaker systems consisting of an enclosure including one or more drivers. To adequately reproduce a range of frequencies with even coverage, most loudspeaker systems employ more than one driver. Individual drivers are used to different frequency ranges. The drivers are named subwoofers, woofers, mid-range speakers, tweeters, the terms for different speaker drivers differ, depending on the application. In two-way systems there is no mid-range driver, so the task of reproducing the mid-range sounds falls upon the woofer and tweeter, home stereos use the designation tweeter for the high frequency driver, while professional concert systems may designate them as HF or highs. When multiple drivers are used in a system, a network, called a crossover. Loudspeaker driver of the type pictured are termed dynamic to distinguish them from earlier drivers, or speakers using piezoelectric or electrostatic systems, or any of several other sorts. Johann Philipp Reis installed an electric loudspeaker in his telephone in 1861, it was capable of reproducing clear tones, alexander Graham Bell patented his first electric loudspeaker as part of his telephone in 1876, which was followed in 1877 by an improved version from Ernst Siemens. In 1898, Horace Short patented a design for a loudspeaker driven by compressed air, he sold the rights to Charles Parsons
Loudspeaker
–
Kellogg and Rice in 1925 holding the large driver of the first moving-coil cone loudspeaker.
Loudspeaker
–
The first moving-coil cone loudspeakers, developed by Edward Kellogg and Chester Rice in 1925. (left) Early prototype with electromagnet pulled back, showing voice coil attached to cone. (right) The first commercial version, sold with the RCA Radiola receiver, had only a 6 inch cone. In 1926 it sold for $250, equivalent to about $3000 today.
Loudspeaker
–
A four-way, high fidelity loudspeaker system. Each of the four drivers outputs a different frequency range; the fifth aperture at the bottom is a
bass reflex port.
Loudspeaker
–
Exploded view of a dome tweeter.
21.
Club drug
–
Club drugs range from entactogens such as MDMA and inhalants to stimulants and psychedelics. Dancers at all-night parties and dance events have used drugs for their stimulating properties since the 1960s Mod subculture in U. K. whose members took amphetamines. In the 1970s disco scene, the stimulant of choice shifted to cocaine, in the 1990s and 2000s, methamphetamines are sold and used in many clubs. Club drugs vary by country and region, in regions, even opiates such as heroin have been sold at clubs. Examples of drugs categorized as club drugs include MDMA, various amphetamines and the depressant GHB. Poppers is the name for a group of simple alkyl nitrites. Nitrites originally came as small glass capsules that were popped open, the drug became popular in the US first on the disco/club scene of the 1970s and then at dance and rave venues in the 1980s and 1990s. The club drugs vary by country and region, in Delaware, heroin are sold at clubs and at raves. Though far less common than other drugs like MDMA, ketamine, or LSD. For example, alcohol is not included under the category of club drugs. Ketamine has long history of being used in clubs and was one of the most popular used in the New York Club Kid scene. Ketamine produces a state, characterized by a sense of detachment from ones physical body. Effects include hallucinations, changes in the perception of distances, relative scale, color and durations/time, in the 2000s, synthetic phenethylamines such as 2C-I, 2C-B and DOB have been referred to as club drugs due to their stimulating and psychedelic nature. By late 2012, derivates of the psychedelic 2C-X drugs, the NBOMes, although each club drug has some variation, their use in clubs reflects their generally similar effects. Successful club drugs popularity stems from their ability to induce euphoria and give the dancer hyperactivity, many also report a feeling of heightened physical sensation, and increased libido and sexual pleasure. Some club drugs, such as LSD, enhance the experience of being in a nightclub with pulsating lights and flashing lasers and throbbing dance music. Although research continues into the scope of the effects of illegal drugs, regular and unsafe use of club drugs is widely accepted to have damaging side effects. Increased heart rate, a increase in body temperature, increase in blood pressure, spasms and dehydration are all common side effects of MDMA
Club drug
–
The pulsating lights, brightly colored projected images and massive sound systems used at
rave dances enhance the experience of using club drugs such as
LSD and
MDMA.
Club drug
–
An impure tablet sold as MDMA seized by law enforcement in the United States. The tablet was determined to contain no MDMA; instead, it contained a mixture of
BZP,
methamphetamine, and
caffeine.
22.
MDMA
–
3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, commonly known as ecstasy, is a psychoactive drug used primarily as a recreational drug. Desired effects include increased empathy, euphoria, and heightened sensations, when taken by mouth, effects begin after 30–45 minutes and last 3–6 hours. It is also sometimes snorted or smoked, as of 2017, MDMA has no accepted medical uses. Adverse effects of MDMA use include addiction, memory problems, paranoia, difficulty sleeping, teeth grinding, blurred vision, sweating, use may also lead to depression and fatigue. Deaths have been reported due to increased temperature and dehydration. MDMA increases the release and slows the reuptake of the serotonin, dopamine. It has stimulant and psychedelic effects, the initial increase is followed by a short-term decrease in the neurotransmitters. MDMA belongs to the substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine and substituted amphetamine classes of drugs, MDMA was first made in 1912. It was used to improve psychotherapy beginning in the 1970s and became popular as a drug in the 1980s. MDMA is commonly associated with parties, raves, and electronic dance music. It is often mixed with other substances such as ephedrine, amphetamine. In 2014, between 9 and 29 million people between the ages of 15 and 64 used ecstasy and this was broadly similar to the percentage of people who use cocaine, amphetamines, and opioids, but fewer than for cannabis. In the United States, about 0.9 million people used ecstasy in 2010, MDMA is generally illegal in most countries. Limited exceptions are made for research. Researchers are investigating whether a few low doses of MDMA may assist in treating severe, in November 2016, phase 3 clinical trials for PTSD were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to assess effectiveness and safety. As of 2017, MDMA has no accepted medical indications, before it was widely banned, it saw limited use in therapy. A small number of therapists continue to use MDMA in therapy despite its illegal status, MDMA is often considered the drug of choice within the rave culture and is also used at clubs, festivals and house parties. In the rave environment, the effects from the music
MDMA
–
Ecstasy is commonly consumed at raves. Above, a rave in Austria in 2005.
MDMA
MDMA
–
Ecstasy tablets which allegedly contain MDMA, but may contain
adulterants
MDMA
–
A salt of MDMA (typically white) with impurities, resulting in a tan discoloration
23.
2C-B
–
2C-B or 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine is a psychedelic drug of the 2C family. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1974, in Shulgins book PiHKAL, the dosage range is listed as 12–24 mg. 2C-B is sold as a white powder sometimes pressed in tablets or gel caps and is also referred to by a number of other names. The drug is taken orally, but can also be insufflated or vaporized. 2C-B was synthesized from 2, 5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde by Alexander Shulgin in 1974 and it first saw use among the psychiatric community as an aid during therapy. It was considered one of the best drugs for this purpose because of its duration, relative absence of side effects. Shortly after becoming popular in the community, it became popular recreationally. 2C-B was first sold commercially as an aphrodisiac under the trade name Erox, for several years, it was available as tablets in Dutch smart shops under the name Nexus. Internationally, 2C-B is a Schedule II drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, in the Netherlands, 2C-B became a list I substance of the Opium Law despite no health incidents occurring. Following the ban, other phenethylamines were sold in place of 2C-B until the Netherlands became the first country in the world to ban 2C-I, 2C-T-2 and this became permanent law on July 2,1995. 2C-B first became popularized in the United States as a legal substitute for the street drug Ecstasy when MDMA became illegal in 1985. Many 2C-B users are young adults who attend raves, though 2C-B is still used in the rave subculture, commonly mistaken for and/or sold as Ecstasy, its intentional use has become more common. In recent years, 2C-B has emerged as the drug of choice for club drug users in Colombia, street prices range between $10 and $30 per tablet in the United States when bought in small quantities. Larger retail purchases cost between $200 and $500 per gram, wholesale purchases of 2C-B can lower the price to a range of $100 to $300 per gram. The September 1998 Journal of Analytical Toxicology reported that very little data exists about the properties, metabolism. The relationship between its use and death are unknown, the common oral recreational dose is around 15–25 mg, at which visual and auditory effects are experienced. Severe adverse reactions are rare, but use of 2C-B has been linked to significant injury in one case where the dosage is unknown. It was reported in PiHKAL, by Alexander Shulgin, that a psychologist had accidentally taken a 100 mg dose orally without apparent harm, street purity of 2C-B, when tested, has been found to be relatively high. Researchers in Spain found that 2C-B samples in the country doubled between 2006 and 2009, switched from primarily powder form to tablets, and exhibited low falsification rates, the authors suggested that this compound was a by-product of 2C-B synthesis
2C-B
2C-B
–
2C-B
2C-B
–
2C-B pill with
heart logo.
24.
Industrial music
–
Industrial music is a genre of experimental/electronic music that draws on transgressive or provocative sounds and themes. In general, the style is harsh and challenging, allMusic defines industrial as the most abrasive and aggressive fusion of rock and electronic music, initially a blend of avant-garde electronics experiments and punk provocation. The first industrial artists experimented with noise and aesthetically controversial topics, musically and visually, such as fascism, serial killers and their production was not limited to music, but included mail art, performance art, installation pieces and other art forms. Prominent industrial musicians include Throbbing Gristle, Monte Cazazza, SPK, Boyd Rice, Cabaret Voltaire, Musicians also cite writers such as William S. Burroughs, and philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche as influences. These artists expanded the genre by pushing it into noisier and more electronic directions, over time, its influence spread into and blended with styles including ambient and rock, all of which now fall under the post-industrial music label. Electro-industrial music is a subgenre that developed in the 1980s. These three distinct genres are often referred to as simply industrial, Industrial music drew from a broad range of predecessors. Industrial music was created originally by using mechanical and electric machinery, monroe also argues for Suicide as an influential contemporary of the industrial musicians. Groups cited as inspirational by the founders of industrial music include The Velvet Underground, Joy Division, genesis P-Orridge of Throbbing Gristle had a cassette library including recordings by the Master Musicians of Jajouka, Kraftwerk, Charles Manson, and William S. Burroughs. P-Orridge also credited 1960s rock such as The Doors, Pearls Before Swine, The Fugs, Captain Beefheart, chris Carter also enjoyed and found inspiration in Pink Floyd and Tangerine Dream. Boyd Rice was influenced by the music of 60s girl groups, Cabaret Voltaire cited Roxy Music as their initial forerunners, as well as Kraftwerks Trans-Europe Express. Cabaret Voltaire also recorded pieces reminiscent of musique concrète and composers such as Morton Subotnick, Nurse with Wound cited a long list of obscure free improvisation and Krautrock as recommended listening. 23 Skidoo borrowed from Fela Kuti and Miles Daviss On the Corner, many industrial groups, including Einstürzende Neubauten, took inspiration from world music. Many of the industrial musicians preferred to cite artists or thinkers, rather than musicians. Simon Reynolds declares that Being a Throbbing Gristle fan was like enrolling in a university course of cultural extremism, John Cage was an initial inspiration for Throbbing Gristle. SPK appreciated Jean Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault, Walter Benjamin, Marshall McLuhan, Friedrich Nietzsche, Cabaret Voltaire took conceptual cues from Burroughs, J. G. Ballard, and Tristan Tzara. Whitehouse and Nurse with Wound dedicated some of their work to the Marquis de Sade, another influence on the industrial aesthetic was Lou Reeds Metal Machine Music. Pitchfork Music cites this album as inspiring, in part, much of the contemporary avant-garde music scene—noise, the album consists entirely of guitar feedback, anticipating industrials use of non-musical sounds
Industrial music
–
Frank Zappa and
Captain Beefheart in 1975, cited as inspirations by Herman Taylor
Industrial music
–
Re/Search reference guide to the philosophy and interests of a flexible alliance of "deviant" artists.
Industrial music
–
William S. Burroughs, a conceptual inspiration for the industrial musicians.
Industrial music
–
Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails in 2008.
25.
Music venue
–
A music venue is any location used for a concert or musical performance. A music venue range in size and location, from an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a hall to an indoor sports stadium. Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music, music venues may be either privately or publicly funded, and may charge for admission. An example of a publicly funded music venue is a park bandstand, a nightclub is a privately funded venue, venues like these often charge an entry fee to generate a profit. Music venues do not necessarily host live acts, disc jockeys at a discothèque or nightclub play recorded music through a PA system. Depending on the type of venue, the hours, location and length of performance may differ. Other attractions, such as art or social activities, may also be available. For example, at a bar or pub, the band may be playing live songs while drinks are being served. Some classes of venues may play live music in the background, music venues can be categorised in a number of ways. Typically, the genre of music played at the venue, whether it is temporary, the majority of music venues are permanent, however, there are temporary music venues. An example of a venue would be one constructed for a music festival. Music venues may be the result of private or public enterprises, some venues only promote acts of one particular genre and example of this are opera houses. Music venues can be categorised by size and capacity, a nightclub will often have a much smaller capacity than that of a stadium. Music venues are either outdoor or indoor, examples of outdoor venues include bandstands and bandshells, such outdoor venues provide minimal shelter for performing musicians and are usually located in parks. A temporary music festival is typically an outdoor venue, examples of indoor venues include public houses, nightclubs, coffee bars and stadia. Venues can play music, recorded music, or a combination of the two, depending on the event or time of day. A characteristic of every live music venue is that one or more stages are present. Venues may be unticketed, casual entry available on the door, or advance tickets only, a dress code may or may not apply
Music venue
–
The
Sydney Opera House 's Concert Hall is an example of a large indoor classical music venue. It is home of the
Sydney Symphony Orchestra. The rest of the building contains other amenities common at such music venues, such as
cafés, restaurants, bars and retail outlets.
Music venue
–
The annual
Dance Valley dance music festival in the Netherlands. Such music festivals typically include a large temporary stage, are held outdoors, and include other attractions such as food,
performance art and other social activities.
Music venue
–
A bandstand is an example of a small outdoor venue. Bandstands are typically circular or semicircular structures that accommodate
musical bands performing outdoor concerts, providing shelter from the weather for the musicians.
Music venue
–
The
Theatre of Dionysus in
Athens.
Greek tragedies often featured
choral music performed on-stage.
26.
Bar (establishment)
–
Some types of bars, such as pubs, may also serve food from a restaurant menu. The term bar also refers to the countertop and area where drinks are served, bars provide stools or chairs that are placed at tables or counters for their patrons. Bars that offer entertainment or live music are often referred to as music bars, live venues, types of bars range from inexpensive dive bars to elegant places of entertainment often accompanying restaurants for dining. Many bars have a discount period, designated a happy hour to encourage off-peak-time patronage, bars that fill to capacity sometimes implement a cover charge or a minimum drink purchase requirement during their peak hours. Bars may have bouncers to ensure patrons are of age, to eject drunk or belligerent patrons. Such bars often feature entertainment, which may be a band, vocalist, comedian. The term bar is derived from the counter on which drinks are served. Patrons may sit or stand at the bar and be served by the bartender, depending on the size of a bar and its approach, alcohol may be served at the bar by bartenders, at tables by servers, or by a combination of the two. The back bar is a set of shelves of glasses and bottles behind that counter, in some establishments, the back bar is elaborately decorated with woodwork, etched glass, mirrors, and lights. There have been different names for public drinking spaces throughout history. In the colonial era of the United States taverns were an important meeting place, during the 19th century saloons were very important to the leisure time of the working class. Today, even when an establishment uses a different name, such as tavern or saloon, the sale and/or consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the first half of the 20th century in several countries, including Finland, Iceland, Norway, and the United States. In the United States, illegal bars during Prohibition were called speakeasies, blind pigs, laws in many jurisdictions prohibit minors from entering a bar. If those under legal drinking age are allowed to enter, as is the case with pubs that serve food, in some jurisdictions, bars cannot serve a patron who is already intoxicated. Cities and towns usually have restrictions on where bars may be located. Some bars may have a license to serve beer and wine, in some jurisdictions, patrons buying alcohol must also order food. In some jurisdictions, bar owners have a liability for the conduct of patrons who they serve. A bars owners and managers choose the name, décor, drink menu, lighting
Bar (establishment)
–
A bar in Switzerland.
Bar (establishment)
–
A
Depression-era bar in
Melrose, Louisiana.
Bar (establishment)
–
Liquor and wine bottles behind a bar in Baden, Austria
Bar (establishment)
–
The bar in the coach terminal at
Udine, Italy.
27.
Public house
–
A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer, ale and cider. It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British, Irish, New Zealand, Canadian, in many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as the heart of England, Pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the tied house system in the 19th century. In 1393, King Richard II of England introduced legislation that pubs had to display a sign outdoors to make them easily visible for passing ale tasters who would assess the quality of ale sold, most pubs focus on offering beers, ales and similar drinks. As well, pubs often sell wines, spirits, and soft drinks, meals, the owner, tenant or manager is known as the pub landlord or publican. The pub quiz was established in the UK in the 1970s and these alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the public house, or Pub as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village. A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, the Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. A survey in 1577 of drinking establishment in England and Wales for taxation purposes recorded 14,202 alehouses,1,631 inns, Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway, in Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago. Some inns in Europe are several centuries old, in addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, the latter tend to provide alcohol, but less commonly accommodation. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard, there is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. In North America, the aspect of the word inn lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn. The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century, alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries, the 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin
Public house
–
A
thatched country pub, The Williams Arms, near
Braunton,
North Devon, England
Public house
–
A city pub,
The World's End,
Camden Town, London
Public house
–
The Ale-House Door (painting of c. 1790 by
Henry Singleton)
Public house
–
Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in
St Albans, Hertfordshire, which holds the
Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England
28.
Tavern
–
A tavern is a place of business where people gather to drink alcoholic beverages and be served food, and in most cases, where travelers receive lodging. An inn is a tavern which has a license to put up guests as lodgers, the word derives from the Latin taberna whose original meaning was a shed, workshop, stall, or pub. In the English language, a tavern was once an establishment which served wine whilst an inn served beer, over time, the words tavern and inn became interchangeable and synonymous. In England, inns started to be referred to as houses or pubs. Wowser was a term for Christian moralists in Australia, especially activists in temperance groups such as the Womans Christian Temperance Union. Historian Stuart Macintyre argues, the achievements of the wowsers were impressive, until the late 18th century, the only places for common people to eat out were inns and taverns, not restaurants. This chaotic system was enforced by an army of tax collectors, the resultant opposition took many forms. Wine growers and tavern keepers concealed wine and falsified their methods of selling it to advantage of lower tax rates. The retailers also engaged in clandestine refilling of casks from hidden stocks, wine merchants stealthily circumvented inspection stations to avoid local import duties. When apprehended, some defrauders reacted with resignation, while others resorted to violence. Taverns symbolized opposition to the regime and to religion, in 1765 in Paris was founded the first restaurant in the modern sense of the term. However, the first Parisian restaurant worthy of the name was the one founded by Beauvilliers in 1782 in the Rue de Richelieu, Émile Zolas novel LAssommoir depicted the social conditions typical of alcoholism in Paris among the working classes. The drunk destroyed not only his own body, but also his employment, his family, the characters Gervaise Macquart and her husband Coupeau exemplified with great realism the physical and moral degradation of alcoholics. Zolas correspondence with physicians reveal he used authentic medical sources for his depictions in the novel. A common German name for German taverns or pubs is Kneipe, Drinking practices in 16th-century Augsburg, Germany, suggest that the use of alcohol in early modern Germany followed carefully structured cultural norms. Drinking was not a sign of insecurity and disorder, Taverns were popular places used for business as well as for eating and drinking - the London Tavern was a notable meeting place in the 18th and 19th centuries, for example. However, the tavern is no longer in popular use in the UK as there is no distinction between a tavern and an inn. Both establishments serve wine and beer/ale, the term pub is now used to describe these houses
Tavern
–
Tavern Scene by Flemish artist
David Teniers c. 1658
Tavern
–
A
Dutch tavern scene by
Jan Steen, late 17th century
Tavern
–
Raleigh Tavern,
Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia
Tavern
–
Buckman Tavern, where the first shots of the
American Revolution were fired,
Lexington, Massachusetts
.jpg)
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small}
Media related to Nightclubs at Wikimedia Commons
Discos travel guide from Wikivoyage
