1.
Nikki Newman
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Nikki Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless. Created and introduced by William J. Bell in 1978, the role was portrayed by Erica Hope. She shares two children with Victor, Victoria and Nicholas Newman, in 2013, she reveals that she had previously given up a child for adoption, who is later discovered to be Dylan McAvoy. The character has also had several other relationships, including Paul Williams, Jack Abbott. Scott is considered an icon in the opera genre. The role of Nikki was first portrayed by actress Erica Hope from 1978 to early 1979, the role was then recast with Scott, who took over soon after and has portrayed Nikki since. Scott recalled in 1989 that she was surprised to have received the role, in May 2001, Scott and the shows producers entered contract negotiations following rumors that she was unhappy because of Nikkis lack of airtime. Soap Opera Digest speculated that she was possibly joining General Hospital as Heather Webber, three months later, controversy arose when Scott was seen moving personal belongings from her dressing room. However, speculation ended in August 2001, when it was announced that Scott had inked a contract to extend her portrayal of Nikki. In May 2009, Nelson Branco of TV Guide Canada reported that Scott had been asked to accept a cut, or be taken off her contract. The actress reportedly refused either option, Scott later began contract negotiations again, which resulted in Nikki being written out of the soap opera after an agreement could not be met. Scott later signed another contract to continue her portrayal, but in 2011, Scott expressed disappointment, stating, It was not handled very well. Ive been in business since I was three and I know how this works. If a show is having problems with money or budget, they call the actor very respectfully and say, lets try to work something out, okay. The problem was such a phone call was never made to me. However, Scott renewed her contract and returned after an onscreen absence, according to the soap operas website, the character has matured from the girl from the wrong side of the tracks to the serial’s luminous and resourceful heroine. The Observer–Reporter described Nikki as oft-married, of playing the characters ongoing tragic life, Scott stated, Ever since I have been an actress, which is 56 years now, I have always preferred high drama, angst, and catastrophes. I find it interesting to play
2.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
3.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
4.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
5.
Model (person)
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A model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling is considered to be different from other types of public performance, although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be modelling. Types of modelling include, fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, Models are featured in a variety of media formats including, books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and TV. Fashion models are featured in films, reality TV shows. Celebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth, the father of haute couture, when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the clothes he designed. The term house model was coined to describe this type of work, eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, with the development of fashion photography, the modelling profession expanded to photo modelling. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1950s, one of the first well-known models was Lisa Fonssagrives, who was very popular in the 1930s. Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers, and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, one of the most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg who was paid $25 per hour, a large sum at the time. During the 1940s and 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper, Jean Patchett, Dovima, Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker, Evelyn Tripp, Carmen DellOrefice, dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain notoriety in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community, compared to todays models, the models of the 1950s were more voluptuous. Wilhelmina Coopers measurements were 38-24-36 whereas Chanel Imans measurements are 32-23-33, in the 1960s, the modelling world began to establish modelling agencies. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models agents charging them weekly rates for their messages, for the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a persons earnings, with the exception of a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labor laws governing modelling in various countries, in the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but was in dire need of models. Italian agencies would often coerce models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay and they would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas
6.
Paul McDonald (musician)
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Paul McDonald is an American singer-songwriter from Huntsville, Alabama, who as of 2011, resides in Nashville, Tennessee. McDonald placed 8th on the season of American Idol and since 2005, he has been the lead singer of the band Hightide Blues. McDonald was born to Susan and David McDonald, in Auburn/Opelika and his father is a clinical psychologist and his mother teaches occupational therapy at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga. McDonald was raised in Huntsville, Alabama and he is a graduate of Huntsville High School, where he also played wide receiver on the varsity football team, and he was in the schools play, The Wizard of Oz, directed by Mike Chappell. McDonald attended Auburn University and joined The Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, McDonald left Auburn University six hours shy of graduation to focus on his growing music career in Nashville, Tennessee. In the spring of 2005, he and fellow Auburn student Jonathan Pears began writing songs together, adding two other members, Cragon Sims and Rob Foster, they began touring small clubs around the state of Alabama. In 2006, McDonald put his education on hold to pursue a career in music. The album garnered radio play from the songs Dreamin Alone and Let It Roll, also included was a song called Dancing with the Angels. McDonald wrote this song the night before the funeral of a friend to the band, Meg Ingram. McDonald performed the song at her memorial service, the band performs annually at the Meg Ingram Memorial Scholarship benefit concert in Huntsville. Hightide Blues has also had success on the Internet, winning awards on OurStage. com including over 15 Top 10 placements. From 2007 to 2010, the band continued touring around the country, performing with such as the Zac Brown Band, Sarah Bareilles. Hightide Blues also played such as the Bonnaroo Music Festival, the Florida Music Festival, the Hangout Festival. Between 2007 and 2010, Hightide Blues averaged around 150-200 shows per year, in August 2010, McDonald and his band members moved to Nashville, Tennessee, and launched a campaign to let their fans choose a new name for the band. The groups first album under its new name, entitled The Grand Magnolias, was released in 2011, the songs were written by McDonald and band member Jonathan Pears and produced by Dan Hannon and Ken Coomer. The album has seen a boost in sales since Paul McDonald’s appearance on American Idol, iTunes pulled the album from its store, without explanation, and the sales dropped off 60% from the previous week. A week later the album returned, again without explanation, when the band learned that McDonald had made it through to the Hollywood round they put together a content release campaign to maximize the exposure from the show. He was one of ten candidates chosen as a finalist based on public voting, since entering the competition, McDonald has made use of the social networking site Twitter to communicate with his fans and promote his band, The Grand Magnolias
7.
Ian Somerhalder
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Ian Joseph Somerhalder is an American actor, model and director. He is known for playing Boone Carlyle in the TV drama Lost, Somerhalder was born and raised in Covington, Louisiana, the son of Edna, a massage therapist, and Robert Somerhalder, an independent building contractor. He is the second of three children, with a brother, Robert, and younger sister, Robyn. He attended Mandeville High School, a school in Mandeville. He embarked on a career from age 10 to 13. In the summer of 2000, Somerhalder starred in the short-lived WB series Young Americans and he played Hamilton Fleming, the son of the dean of a prestigious boarding school. In 2004, Somerhalder scored his breakthrough role when he played Boone Carlyle in the hit TV show Lost. Despite his characters death in the episode of the first season. Somerhalder was one of the first actors to be cast in a role for the series, in 2009, Somerhalder appeared in the movie The Tournament where he played the role of an assassin participating in a lethal competition with other assassins. He appears in the coffee table book About Face by celebrity photographer John Russo, in June 2009, Somerhalder was cast in the role of Vampire Damon Salvatore as a series regular in The CW television drama series The Vampire Diaries. The series premiere attracted The CWs highest premiere ratings of any season premiere since the network began in 2006, the series has continued to be the highest rated series on its channel with both Somerhalders performance and the show receiving a positive response from critics. Somerhalder has received several Teen Choice Awards and a Peoples Choice Award for his participation on the series, in October 2012 it was reported that Somerhalder had been cast in the film Time Framed, which had begun filming in Los Angeles. Somerhalder was involved in the cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling disaster on April 22,2010 and his efforts included cleaning of oiled wildlife and taping public service announcements to let the public know how they could help. Somerhalder also supports the St. Tammany Humane Society, an organization for animal shelter, on November 13,2010, he hosted a Bash on the Bayou charity fundraiser for the Society. During the event, Somerhalder was presented with a donation of $11,100 by The Vampire Diaries fandom for his birthday project. For his second campaign, Somerhalder teamed up with The Vampire Diaries co-star Paul Wesley to release a limited edition designed by a fan. This campaign sold almost 10,000 shirts and he opposes GMO foods and factory farming, and supports ecologist Allan Savory in his crusade to let cows graze in sync with nature to enrich soil, enhance biodiversity, and reverse climate change. In 2011 Somerhalder visited Savory in Africa and announced he was making a documentary about him with the goal of winning him a Nobel Prize
8.
Rosalie Hale
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Isabella Marie Bella Swan is the fictional protagonist of the Twilight series, written by Stephenie Meyer. The Twilight series is narrated from Bellas point of view. In Twilight, Bella moves to her fathers home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, however, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, against Edwards wishes, in the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullens leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a form, comforts the distraught. She comes to care for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward, in Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. Edward then transforms Bella into a vampire after she dies giving birth to their daughter. Bella has the ability to shield her mind, which she had as a human, once she is transformed into a vampire, her ability is enhanced to the point she can also expand her shield to protect others from mind control. Kristen Stewart plays Bella in the Twilight film series, Edward Cullen is a major character, implicated in all of the Twilight Saga films and books. As shown in Twilight, he only did so because Edwards dying mother, Elizabeth, a member of the Olympic Coven, Edward only drinks animal blood and has the special ability to read minds. He falls in love with Bella soon after she arrives in Forks. Edward knows that he could kill Bella easily, a fact that torments him so much that, in the book New Moon and he returned because he realized he cannot live without her. Edward marries Bella in Breaking Dawn and they have a daughter, robert Pattinson plays Edward in the Twilight film series. Jacob Black is Bellas best friend and he is a Quileute Native American and a werewolf. In Twilight, Jacob plays the role of a forgotten childhood friend of Bellas. In an attempt to more about Cullens, Bella flirts with Jacob. After Edward leaves Bella in New Moon, she spends much of her time with Jacob, though she only considers him a friend, Jacob falls in love with Bella. Taylor Lautner plays Jacob in the Twilight film series, Carlisle Cullen is Esme Cullens husband and the adoptive father of Edward, Emmett and Alice Cullen, as well as Rosalie and Jasper Hale
9.
The Twilight Saga (film series)
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The Twilight Saga is a series of five romance fantasy films from Summit Entertainment based on the four novels by American author Stephenie Meyer. The films star Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, the series has grossed over $3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists, to date, of five motion pictures. The first installment, Twilight, was released on November 21,2008, the second installment, New Moon, followed on November 20,2009, breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history, grossing an estimated $72.7 million. The third installment, Eclipse, was released on June 30,2010, the series was in development since 2004 at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written. Three years later, Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the film, a two-part adaptation of Breaking Dawn began shooting in November 2010 with November 18,2011, and November 16,2012, release dates. Twilight was in development for three years at Paramount Picturess MTV Films, during which time a screen adaptation differing significantly from the novel was written. For example, the script transformed Bella into a star athlete, the idea of seeing a scene converted correctly, specifically the meadow scene, convinced Meyer to sell the rights. In seeing the script, she was frightened that she had made the wrong decision, when Summit Entertainment reinvented itself as a full-service studio in April 2007, it successfully acquired the rights to the novel. Erik Feig, President of Production at Summit Entertainment, guaranteed a close adaptation to the book, the company perceived the film as an opportunity to launch a franchise based on the success of Meyers book and its sequels. Meyer felt that Summit was open to letting her be a part of the film, Catherine Hardwicke was hired to direct the film, and soon afterward, Melissa Rosenberg was selected to be the films structural base as the writer of the film. Rosenberg developed an outline by the end of August and collaborated with Hardwicke on writing the screenplay during the following month, was a great sounding board and had all sorts of brilliant ideas. Id finish off scenes and send them to her, and get back her notes, because of the impending WGA strike, Rosenberg worked full-time to finish the screenplay before October 31. In adapting the novel for the screen, she had to condense a great deal, some characters were left out, and others were combined. Meyer, the author, and Hardwicke, the director, had a relationship while developing Twilight. Hardwicke wanted to embrace the experience and make the characters in the come to life. She would call Meyer after changing a scene slightly, which surprised the author because, Meyer, a natural pessimist, was waiting for the worst but, instead, called her experience in the books film adaptation the best I could have hoped for. Kristen Stewart was on the set of Adventureland when Hardwicke visited her for a screen test. Hardwicke did not initially choose Robert Pattinson for the role of Edward Cullen, Meyer allowed Pattinson to view a manuscript of the unfinished Midnight Sun, which chronicles the events in Twilight from Edwards point of view
10.
Thirteen (2003 film)
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Thirteen is a 2003 American semi-autobiographical drama film, directed by Catherine Hardwicke, and written by Hardwicke and Nikki Reed, based on events from Reeds life at age 12 and 13. It stars Evan Rachel Wood, with Woods character Tracy being loosely based upon Reed, Nikki Reed herself co-stars in the role of Evie Zamora. The script was written in six days, the film caused controversy upon its release, because it dealt with topics like drugs such as inhalants, marijuana, and alcohol, underage sexual behavior, and self-harm. Thirteen-year-old Tracy Freeland begins her school year as a smart and sweet honor student at a school in Los Angeles. Her divorced mother Melanie is an alcoholic, who struggles to support Tracy. Tracy feels ignored by her mother, who is too busy with her fellow ex-addict boyfriend Brady to address Tracys increasing depression, after being teased for her Cabbage Patch clothes, Tracy decides to shed her little girl image and gets her mother to purchase trendier clothes. When Tracy wears one of her new outfits to school, she is complimented by Evie Zamora, Evie invites Tracy to go shopping on Melrose Avenue in Hollywood but gives her a fake phone number as a prank. Nevertheless, Tracy determinedly shows up on Melrose Avenue and meets up with Evie, Tracy is uncomfortable with the two shoplifting and excuses herself to sit outside the store on a bench. When a distracted rich woman sits next to Tracy, Tracy takes the chance to steal the womans wallet, the three go on a shopping spree with the stolen money and Tracy and Evie become fast friends. Evie introduces Tracy to her world of sex, drugs, and criminal activity, the two promise to stay friends forever and continue with their self destructive exploits. Although Melanie is concerned about the change in Tracys behavior and worries about the extent of Evies influence, Melanie attempts to send Evie home but Evie claims her guardians boyfriend is physically abusive. A torn Melanie reluctantly agrees to let her stay, as Tracy and Evie become closer, Tracy shuts Melanie further out of her life. Evie and Tracy get increasingly out of control, each egging the other on, the pair attempt to seduce Tracys neighbor Luke, a lifeguard in his early twenties, and ditch a family movie night to get high on the streets. Mason is shocked when he bumps into Tracy wearing sexualized clothing, including thong underwear, later on, the girls take turns inhaling from a can of gas duster for computers for fun and become so intoxicated that they hit each other, accidentally drawing blood. Melanie attempts to break the friendship by sending Tracy to live with her father. Meanwhile, Melanie goes over to Brookes house, with Tracy and Evie, to find out what is going on and they find that Brooke was hiding because of bad plastic surgery she received. Evie asks Melanie to formally adopt her but Melanie refuses, Tracy meekly supports her mothers decision. Angry and hurt, a tearful Evie storms off, at school, Evie turns all her friends against Tracy and, depressed, Tracy slowly begins to realize the negative effects of her lifestyle when she is told she might have to repeat the seventh grade
11.
Catherine Hardwicke
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Catherine Hardwicke is an American film director, production designer and screenwriter. The opening weekend of Twilight was the biggest opening ever for a female director, Hardwicke was born in Cameron, Texas, on October. 21,1955, the daughter of Jamee Elberta and John Benjamin Hardwicke and she has a brother Jack, and a sister Irene Hardwicke Olivieri, who became an artist. She grew up in McAllen, Texas, on the U. S. –Mexico border, where her family owned and operated a farm along the Rio Grande and she said the border area was wild, in high school, her principal was stabbed three times. A friends father was shot in the back, and another friend was murdered, and yet life could be wonderful at the same time. It was a Huck Finn life, too, she said, growing up in McAllen, Hardwicke describes it as wild. As a child she did not attend many movies and explains, lets be honest, It was a cultural wasteland. At the time, you could not go to a significant museum unless you drove three hours to Corpus Christi or four to San Antonio. However, there were ways to have fun such as sneaking over to the bars. Speaking on her early life Hardwicke says, It was a wonderful childhood, i’m dying to make a movie about it. She graduated from McAllen High School and went to the University of Texas at Austin, among her post-graduation projects was designing the solar townhouse complex built around a man-made lake on the 20-acre site, complete with waterfalls and swimming pools. The property was owned by her father, after graduating from her hometown High School, McAllen High School, Hardwicke went on to attend the University of Texas at Austin. Studying Architecture, Hardwicke felt that she had far too much creativity for that field, stating, I would dress up like my building and people were like, wow, dude, architecture really doesn’t encourage that type of creativity. Feeling limited, Hardwicke moved to Los Angeles, where she studied at UCLA film school to explore her creative talents, Hardwicke made her first short film for her brother Jack who was getting married to Nicolette Cullen. During this period in the 1980s, Hardwicke made an award-winning short and she became a production designer, working with film directors such as Cameron Crowe, Richard Linklater, and David O. Russell. She was influenced by them, gaining experience in their techniques and she talked to some about her desire to be a filmmaker, and received advice and tips. While working with big name directors she was able to study their techniques. Hardwicke has mentioned, I always told them I really want to make my own movies and her career as a production designer was crucial and beneficial to the molding of her career as a director
12.
Independent Spirit Awards
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
13.
West Los Angeles
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West Los Angeles is a term for two residential and commercial areas in the city of Los Angeles, California, mapped differently by different sources and on opposite sides of the Interstate 405 Freeway. Each of them lies within the larger Westside region of Los Angeles County, the borders of the official West Los Angeles Neighborhood Council correspond closely to this second definition. Specifically, its district stretches from the 405 freeway in the east to Centinela Avenue in the west and Wilshire Boulevard in the north, in 2003, a Los Angeles Times correspondent noted that, The meaning of the term West Los Angeles varies widely. Some use it to describe the entire Westside including Santa Monica, Venice, sections of West L. A. run the gamut from stylish Cheviot Hills to a cluster of generic homes east of Bundy Drive. Her report on the meaning of West Los Angeles also included Rancho Park and its density of 13,319 people per square mile, about was average for the city of Los Angeles but among the highest densities for the county. The percentage of Asian people is high for the county and the area is highly compared to both City of Los Angeles and County of Los Angeles averages. Mexico and Iran are the most common places of birth. Notably,49. 8% of residents 25 and older have a four-year degree, the percentages of never married males and never married females are among the countys highest. Its density of 12,061 people was average for the city of Los Angeles. It had a high percentage of white people compared with the county at large,76. 7%. Others ethnicities were Asian,11. 4%, Latino,5. 3%, black,2. 3%, and other,4. 1%. The median household income in east Mapping L. A. area was $86,403 in 2008 dollars, the percentage of households earning $125,000 and up was high for the county. Median age of residents was 38, old compared with other locality in the city, the average household size was 1.9, low for both the city and the county. 51% of residents rented their living quarters, and 49% owned them, the percentage of widowed men and women was among the countys highest. Iranian and Russian were the most common ancestries, the east Mapping L. A. area was highly educated, with 60. 4% of residents 25 and older holding a four-year degree, a higher ratio than found in the rest of the city or the county. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA5 West Area Health Office serves West Los Angeles, Los Angeles Police Department operates the West Los Angeles Community Police Station at 1663 Butler Avenue. Los Angeles Fire Department Station 59 at 11505 W. Olympic Boulevard serves the area, West Los Angeles is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Middle schools are Emerson, Palms, and Webster, High schools are Hamilton High School, Los Angeles Center for Enriched Studies, University High School and Indian Springs Continuation, both on the same site
14.
Cherokee
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The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian language group. The Cherokee were one of the first, if not the first, article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma has around 300,000 tribal members, in addition, numerous groups claiming Cherokee lineage, some of which are state-recognized, have members who are among those 819, 000-plus people claiming Cherokee ancestry on the US census. Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, the Cherokee Nation and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians have headquarters in Tahlequah, the UKB are mostly descendants of Old Settlers, Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817. They are related to the Cherokee who were relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina, the Cherokee refer to themselves as Ani-Yunwiya, which means Principal People. Many theories—though none proven—abound about the origin of the name Cherokee and it may have originally been derived from the Choctaw word Cha-la-kee, which means people who live in the mountains, or Choctaw Chi-luk-ik-bi, meaning people who live in the cave country. The earliest Spanish rendering of the name Cherokee, from 1755, is Tchalaquei, Another theory is that Cherokee derives from a Lower Creek word, Cvlakke. The Iroquois in New York have historically called the Cherokee Oyata’geronoñ, Tsalagi is sometimes misused as a name for the people, Tsalagi is actually the Cherokee word for the Cherokee language. There are two theories of Cherokee origins. Another theory is that the Cherokee had been in the Southeast for thousands of years, researchers in the 19th century recorded conversations with elders who recounted an oral tradition of the Cherokee peoples migrating south from the Great Lakes region in ancient times. They may have moved south into Muscogee Creek territory and settled at the sites of mounds built by the Mississippian culture, in the 19th century, European-American settlers mistakenly attributed several Mississippian culture sites to the Cherokee, including Moundville and Etowah Mounds. However, the Cherokee did not reach this part of Georgia until the late 18th century, pre-contact Cherokee are considered to be part of the later Pisgah Phase of Southern Appalachia, which lasted from circa 1000 to 1500. During the late Archaic and Woodland Period, Indians in the region began to cultivate plants such as elder, lambsquarters, pigweed, sunflowers. People created new art forms such as shell gorgets, adopted new technologies, during the Mississippian Culture-period, local women developed a new variety of maize called eastern flint corn. It closely resembled modern corn and produced larger crops, the successful cultivation of corn surpluses allowed the rise of larger, more complex chiefdoms with several villages and concentrated populations during this period. Corn became celebrated among numerous peoples in ceremonies, especially the Green Corn Ceremony. Much of what is known about pre-18th-century Native American cultures has come from records of Spanish expeditions, the earliest ones of the mid-16th-century encountered people of the Mississippian culture, the ancestors to later tribes in the Southeast such as the Muscogee and Catawba
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Italian Americans
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Italian Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Italy, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States, about 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the United States from 1820 to 2004. Immigration began in earnest during the 1870s, when more than twice as many Italians immigrated than during the five previous decades altogether. The 1870s were followed by the greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1914 and brought more than 4 million Italians to America. This period of large scale immigration ended abruptly with the onset of the First World War in 1914 and, except for one year, further immigration would be greatly limited by a number of restrictive laws passed by Congress in the 1920s. Approximately 84% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy and Sicily, after unification, the Italian government initially encouraged emigration to relieve economic pressures in the South. After the American Civil War, which resulted in over a million killed or wounded, immigrant workers were recruited from Italy. In the United States, most Italians began their new lives as manual laborers in Eastern cities, mining camps, Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in the first generation to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, the Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17 million Americans claim Italian ancestry, third only to Brazil with 31 million, and Argentina, Italians and their descendants in America have helped to shape the country and, in turn, have adapted to it. They have gained prominence in politics, sports, the media, the arts, the culinary arts. Italian navigators and explorers played a key role in the discovery, exploration, christopher Columbus, the explorer who first reached the Americas in 1492–1504, was Italian. Another notable Italian explorer, Amerigo Vespucci, who explored the east coast of South America between 1499 and 1502, is the source of the name America. Englands claims in North America were based on the voyages of the Italian explorer John Cabot, in 1524 the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to map the Atlantic coast of todays United States, and to enter New York Bay. In 1539, Marco da Nizza, explored the territory later became the states of Arizona. In the 17th century, Henri de Tonti, together with the French explorer LaSalle, De Tonti founded the first European settlement in Illinois in 1679, and in Arkansas in 1683. With LaSalle, he co-founded New Orleans, and was governor of the Louisiana Territory for the next 20 years and his brother Alphonse de Tonty, with French explorer Antoine Cadillac, was the co-founder of Detroit in 1701, and was its acting colonial governor for 12 years. Spain and France were Catholic countries and sent many missionaries to convert the native population, included among these missionaries were numerous Italians
16.
American Jews
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American Jews, also known as Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, either by religion, ethnicity, or nationality. The Jewish community in the United States is composed predominantly of Ashkenazi Jews and their US-born descendants, Minority Jewish ethnic divisions are also represented, including Sephardic Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and a smaller percentage of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States is home to the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world. In 2012, the American Jewish population was estimated at between 5.5 and 8 million, depending on the definition of the term and this constitutes between 1. 7% and 2. 6% of the total U. S. population. Jews have been present in what is today the United States of America since the mid-17th century, however, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. The majority were Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese ancestry, until after 1720 when Ashkenazi Jews from Central, after passage of the Plantation Act of 1740, Jews were specifically permitted to become British citizens and immigrate to the colonies. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America and they primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution, many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924, when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration, most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the worlds major concentrations of Jewish population. In 1915 the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, in addition thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture,500,000 American Jews fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage, more recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community. Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields. Scholars debate whether the historical experience for Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism. Korelitz shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the ‘’Menorah Journal’’ between 1915 and 1925, siporin uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into an historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed, many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the more in charge of his life
17.
Bar and Bat Mitzvah
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Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah are Jewish coming of age rituals. Bar is a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic word literally meaning son, while bat means daughter in Hebrew, thus bar mitzvah and bat mitzvah literally translate to son of commandment and daughter of commandment. However, in usage, the word bar means under the category of or subject to. Bar mitzvah therefore translates to an who is subject to the law, although the term is commonly used to refer to the ritual itself, in fact the phrase originally refers to the person. According to Jewish law, when Jewish boys become 13 years old, they become accountable for their actions, a girl becomes a bat mitzvah at the age of 12 according to Orthodox and Conservative Jews, and at the age of 13 according to Reform Jews. Prior to reaching bar mitzvah age, the parents hold the responsibility for the childs actions. After this age, the boys and girls bear their own responsibility for Jewish ritual law, tradition, and ethics, traditionally, the father of the bar mitzvah gives thanks to God that he is no longer punished for the childs sins. Bar mitzvah is mentioned in the Mishnah and in the Talmud, in some classic sources, the age of 13 appears for instance as the age from which males must fast on the Day of Atonement, while females fast from the age of 12. The age of bnai mitzvah roughly coincides with physical puberty, the bar or bat mitzvah ceremony is usually held on the first Shabbat after a boys thirteenth and a girls twelfth birthday. Reaching the age of bar or bat Mitzvah signifies becoming a member of the Jewish community with the responsibilities that come with it. According to Rabbi Mark Washofsky, The Reform Movement in North America has struggled over the bar/bat mitzvah, at one time, this ceremony was on the verge of extinction in Reform congregations. Most of them preferred to replace bar/bat mitzvah with confirmation, which considered a more enlightened. Yet the enduring popularity of bar/bat mitzvah prevailed and today, in our communities and he may also give a dvar Torah and/or lead part or all of the prayer services. In Orthodox circles, the occasion is celebrated during a weekday service that includes reading from the Torah. However, this does not delay the onset of rights and responsibilities of being a Jewish adult which comes about strictly by virtue of age, the obligation to lay tefillin begins when a boy reaches bar mitzvah age. In some Orthodox circles, however, the custom is for the bar mitzvah boy to begin putting on one to three months before his bar mitzvah. This way, by the time he is obligated in the commandment, Bar mitzvah festivities typically include a seudat mitzvah, a celebratory meal with family, friends, and members of the community. Others may celebrate in different ways such as taking the bar or bat mitzvah on a trip or organizing some special event in the celebrants honor
18.
Alexander Hamilton High School (Los Angeles)
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Alexander Hamilton High School is a public high school in the Castle Heights neighborhood within the Westside of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Alexander Hamilton High School opened in fall 1931, with Thomas Hughes Elson as the principal. It was designed by architects John C. Austin and Frederick C, the three-story administration building held the administration, library, and science departments and 24 classrooms. Other buildings were a training building, another for physical training. The capacity would be 1000, with plans permitting increasing to 2500, building costs were $125,000 for the land, $400,000 for the structure, and $200,000 for equipment. Built in the Northern Italian Renaissance style, multicolored and patterned brickwork, elaborate cast stone decoration, in May 1931, while Hamilton was under construction, architects Austin and Ashley were selected to design Griffith Observatory. Individually, each had designed a Carnegie library, Austin conceived the Anaheim Public Library, together, they had designed Monrovia High School. Austin designed Los Angeles High Schools third location and the Shrine Auditorium, the schools builders were Sarver & Zoss. Three post offices they later built are on the National Register of Historic Places, the Beverly Hills Main Post Office, the San Pedro Post Office, Austin & Ashley later designed Hamiltons $100,000, six-room, auditorium, Waidelich Hall which opened on April 20,1937. Arthur George Waidelich was the principal and died at the school. In February 21,1989, the auditorium was renamed Norman J. Pattiz Concert Hall), a brass plaque made by the industrial arts department to commemorate the 1937 dedication was removed during renovation. Early photographs from the schools archives show the campus in its pre-World War II state, the photos show dozens of 1920s and 30s cars parked along Robertson Boulevard in front of the school. The bell tower still exists today, but no longer houses a working bell, today, there exist Brown Hall, a cafeteria, two gym buildings, and a workshop building. On the west part of the campus is Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Distribution Station 20 and Cheviot Hills High School, the athletic fields include Al Michaels Field and a community garden, the Hami Garden. The Hami Garden was a joint project funded by the South Robertson Neighborhood Council and it is maintained by community members and Hamilton High School students. In 1932, its boundaries extended as far north as Mulholland Highway. In fall 2007, some neighborhoods zoned to Hamilton were rezoned to Venice High School, as of 2011-2012 Hamilton High is divided into six small learning communities, or SLCs, which coordinate their own curricula and staff. The Music Academy gained national attention in June of 2002 when the Disney Channel premiered the reality TV show Totally in Tune, the Music Academy is a Grammy-recognized school
19.
Homeschooling
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Homeschooling, also known as home education, is the education of children inside the home. Home education is conducted by a parent or tutor. Many families that start out with a formal structure at home often switch to less formal ways of imparting education outside of school. Homeschooling is the commonly used in North America, whereas home education is more commonly used in the United Kingdom, elsewhere in Europe. Before the introduction of school attendance laws, most childhood education was imparted by the family or community. In several countries homeschooling, in the sense, is considered to be an alternative to attending public or private schools and is a legal option for parents. In other nations, homeschooling is considered illegal or restricted to conditions, as noted in the Homeschooling international status. According to the US National Household Education Surveys, about three percent of all children in the US were homeschooled in the 2011 and 2012 school year, and as of 2016, there are about 2.3 million home-schooled students in the United States. The studies found that of children,83 percent were White,5 percent were Black,7 percent were Hispanic. For much of history and in cultures, enlisting professional teachers was an option available only to the elite social classes. Thus, until recently, the vast majority of people, especially during early childhood, were educated by family members, family friends. The earliest public schools in modern Western culture were established in the early 16th century in the German states of Gotha and Thuringia. However, even in the 18th century, the majority of people in Europe lacked formal schooling, meaning they were homeschooled, tutored, in the middle colonies, the educational situation varied when comparing New York with New England until the 1850s. Formal schooling in a classroom setting has been the most common means of schooling throughout the world, especially in developed countries, since the early-, native Americans, who traditionally used homeschooling and apprenticeship, vigorously resisted compulsory education in the United States. Rushdoony was frequently called as a witness by the Home School Legal Defense Association in court cases. During this time, American educational professionals Raymond and Dorothy Moore began to research the academic validity of the rapidly growing Early Childhood Education movement. This research included independent studies by researchers and a review of over 8,000 studies bearing on early childhood education. They asserted that formal schooling before ages 8–12 not only lacked the anticipated effectiveness, the Moores published their view that formal schooling was damaging young children academically, socially, mentally, and even physiologically
20.
Ondine (film)
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Ondine is a 2009 Irish romantic drama film directed and written by Neil Jordan and starring Colin Farrell and Alicja Bachleda. The film was shot on location in Castletownbere, Ireland, and it touches upon the existence of the mythological selkie bringing hope. Syracuse Circus is trawling with his boat and finds a scantily clad young woman caught in his net. He sees she is alive and resuscitates her and she calls herself Ondine and refuses to be taken to hospital, not wanting to be seen by anyone else. He shelters her in a house that belonged to his late mother in a quiet harbor, which makes him late for picking up his wheelchair-bound daughter Annie. During Annies dialysis, he tells her a story about a fisherman catches a woman out of the sea. Annie explains the woman could be a magical selkie, Annie receives a new powerchair from the CRC, and upon returning home is greeted by Mauras boyfriend Alex. Maura flips Circus off for missing the doctor who had news on a match for Annie. Next morning, Circus finds Ondine washing clothes in a stream and she follows him on his boat to work the day. Circus pulls up only empty lobster pots, until Ondine starts singing, still not wanting to be seen, Ondine doesnt follow Circus to the fish market where the lobsters are sold. Circus buys a dress and lies to the clerk that its for Annie when she grows up. When Circus picks up Annie from her school, he continues the story by explaining how the woman sings to the fish for him to catch. Annie states that Selk is the language of the selkie, Circus stammers that his lobsters hear her sing, which makes Annie curious as to whose story this is, and she secretly follows him to the caravan. When Circus asks how long she will stay, Ondine says it is up to him, humored, Circus answers forever and happily ever after, according to the fairytale he has been building with Annie, who watches them without being noticed. Annie is back home studying all her new books on seals. Alex says selkies are Scottish creatures, but the one Annie saw is not, Circus meets with the priest for a confession, who has repeatedly told Circus that this isnt AA. Circus recalls a recurring nightmare where he is at Alexs funeral and reunited with Maura, as the priest pushes the subject away, Circus brings up the woman he pulled out of the water with his net and kept her. Ondine is by herself tidying up the caravan, and tries her new clothing as if the experience was a first, especially when she stretches leggings over one splayed hand so it looks webbed
21.
Evan Rachel Wood
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Evan Rachel Wood is an American actress and musician. She began acting in the 1990s, appearing in television series, including American Gothic and Once. Wood continued acting mostly in independent films, including Pretty Persuasion, Down in the Valley, Running with Scissors, since 2008, Wood has appeared in more mainstream films, including The Wrestler, Whatever Works and The Ides of March. As of 2016, she plays the sentient android Dolores Abernathy in the HBO television series Westworld, for which she won a Critics Choice Award and her personal life, particularly her relationship with Marilyn Manson, to whom she was previously engaged, has attracted press attention. In 2012, she married English actor Jamie Bell, with whom she has one son and they separated in 2014 after two years of marriage. Wood was born in Raleigh, North Carolina and her mother, Sara Lynn Moore, is an actress, director, and acting coach, and has converted to Judaism. Woods brother, Ira David Wood IV, is also an actor and her paternal aunt, Carol Winstead Wood, was a Hollywood production designer. Woods parents separated in 1996, and later divorced, and Wood moved with her mother to her mothers native Los Angeles County, Wood briefly attended Cary Elementary, a public school in Cary, North Carolina. She was subsequently home-schooled and received her high school diploma at age 15, Wood began her career appearing in several made-for-television films from 1994 onward, also playing an occasional role in the television series American Gothic. After a one-season role on the television drama Profiler, Wood was cast in the role of Jessie Sammler on the television show Once. Woods first major role was in the low-budget 1998 film Digging to China. The film won the Childrens Jury Award at the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival, Wood remembers the role as initially being hard, but notes that it eventually led to her decision that acting is something she might never want to stop doing. She also had a role in Practical Magic, a film directed by Griffin Dunne, starring Sandra Bullock and Nicole Kidman. Wood made her debut as a leading film actress in 2002s Little Secrets, directed by Blair Treu. For that role, she was nominated for Best Leading Young Actress at the Young Artist Awards and that same year, Wood played a supporting role in the Andrew Niccol-directed science fiction satirical drama film, Simone, which starred Al Pacino. Woods breakthrough movie role followed with the 2003 film Thirteen and she played the role of Tracy Louise Freeland, one of two young teens who sink into a downward spiral of hard drugs, sex, and petty crime. Her performance was nominated for a Golden Globe Award as Best Actress - Drama, during the time of Thirteens release, Vanity Fair named Wood as one of the It Girls of Hollywood, and she appeared, along with the other actresses, on the magazines July 2003 cover. Her character also narrated the film, Woods next two starring roles were in dark independent films
22.
Lords of Dogtown
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Lords of Dogtown is a 2005 American biographical drama film directed by Catherine Hardwicke and written by Stacy Peralta. The film follows a group of skateboarders in the Venice Beach area of California during the early 1970s. This is the first production made by both Columbia and TriStar Pictures, one day, Skip is given polyurethane wheels for the skateboards in his shop, Zephyr Surf Shop. Teenager Sid, a friend of the boys who works in the shop, invites Tony, Jay, Stacy. They are all amazed as the wheels allow the skateboards to make the same carves on flat ground as surf boards on the waves. After witnessing what Todd Levy from the Eastern Shore of Maryland could now do with the wheels, Skip decides to add to his already famous surf team, a skate team, the Z-Boys. The team proves to be a success, winning contests, Stacy, Jay. A period of hot weather reduces the surf at the pier, taking advantage of this the Z-Boys start sneaking into local backyard pools to skate in, ignoring Skips practice sessions, which angers him. After winning many contests, the Z-Boys become more and more famous. Stacy, Jay, and Tony start getting noticed by major skating companies looking to take the boys from Skip, one night, Skip throws a party at his shop to celebrate the success of the team. A company owner, Topper Burks, enters the party and convinces Tony that Skip is holding him back, Tony accepts his offer and leaves the team. Jay leaves the team as well, looking to more money to help his mom pay the rent on their apartment. Despite Skips desperate offers to him on the team, Stacy is the last to leave. Sad and angry, Skip decides to shut down the Zephyr Skate Team, the three boys become major celebrities. Tony and Stacy now skate for money rather than the passion that Jay continues to skate for and they become enemies of some sort and compete against each other in various contests. Stacy appears on the original Charlies Angels show while Tony starts creating his own commercials to manufacture his popular boards, Jay is offered $10,000 to appear in a commercial sponsoring the toy, Slinky. However, he refuses, as he has become a much harder person than before, Jay leaves the company he had endorsed when they sacrifice quality for cheap materials. Stacy ends up winning the competition, back in Venice, the pier that the Z-Boys use to surf around burns down, which affects them all
23.
The O.C.
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O. C. is an abbreviation of Orange County. The series centers on Ryan Atwood, a troubled but tough young man from a home who is adopted by the wealthy and philanthropic Sandy. Ryan and his foster brother Seth, an awkward yet quick-witted teenager. Ryan and Seth spend much time navigating their relationships with girl-next-door Marissa Cooper, Seths childhood crush Summer Roberts, storylines deal with the culture clash between the idealistic Cohen family and the shallow, materialistic, and closed-minded community in which they reside. The series includes elements of postmodernism, and functions as a mixture of melodrama, the series premiered with high ratings and was one of the most popular new dramas of the 2003–2004 television season. It was widely referred to as a pop cultural phenomenon and received positive reception from critics. However, ratings declined as the show went on, the low ratings led to its cancellation in early 2007, even after an online petition that gained over 700,000 signatures. The O. C. has been broadcast in more than fifty countries worldwide, the series has also been released on DVD, as well as on iTunes. Season 1 focuses on Ryan Atwoods arrival in Newport Beach to live with Sandy and Kirsten Cohen, a major theme of the first season is the culture shock Ryan feels as he adjusts from a life of domestic abuse and poverty to living in a superficial high-class society. He quickly befriends and bonds with Seth Cohen, and begins to have a relationship with Marissa Cooper. Although coming from different backgrounds, Ryan soon discovers that he deals with similar issues to his new peers, such as self-identity conflict. The relationship between Ryan and Marissa flourishes when he supports her through her parents divorce, as the show progresses, Ryan takes a very protective role over Marissa, showing Ryan to be a much more stable, controlled person than originally portrayed. Meanwhile, Sandy Cohen frequently comes into conflict with Caleb Nichol, Kirstens father, the second season of The O. C. continues to follow the tumultuous romantic relationships between Ryan and Marissa, Seth and Summer, and Sandy and Kirsten. and evolve the characters. Ryans character begins to grow when he stands up to Lindsay and convinces her to him to contribute. They later become involved romantically, creating extreme complications and relational shifts amongst the now Cooper-Nichol family, the Bait Shop becomes a prominent social destination for the teenage characters. A number of recurring characters are introduced, such as D. J, Lindsay Gardner, Zach Stevens, and Alex Kelly, with whom the main characters form a variety of relationships. Ryans brother, Trey Atwood, gets out of jail and threatens to bring Ryans old life into his new one, Sandy and Kirsten also face new conflicts after drifting apart during the summer. Season 2 ends with Marissa shooting Trey after Ryan confronts him for attempting to sexually assault Marissa, Season 3 creates many dynamic changes with regards to relationships and power within the characters society
24.
Ryan Atwood
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Ryan Francis Atwood is a fictional character on the FOX television series The O. C. portrayed by Benjamin McKenzie. A troubled teenager from Chino, California, he is the main protagonist of the show, casting director Patrick Rush found the role of Ryan Atwood particularly hard to cast for The O. C. Chad Michael Murray turned the role down to play Lucas Scott on One Tree Hill, Rush invited Benjamin McKenzie to audition after Warner Bros. made him aware of the young actor after an unsuccessful audition for a UPN sitcom. McKenzie, who had spent two years in New York and Los Angeles seeking acting work, lacked experience and later described his selection as a leap of faith on the producers part. Show creator Josh Schwartz said in 2014, took it seriously, and brought just a lot of integrity. Ryan was physically abused by his biological father Frank and some of his mother Dawns boyfriends and he has a complicated, love-hate relationship with his older brother Trey. By his own statements, Ryan never had a figure for much of his life, due to Frank being in prison and his mothers revolving door of boyfriends. The Atwoods used to live in Fresno but moved to Chino after Frank was imprisoned, in season 4, it is stated that Ryan had not seen Frank in eight years. Although he does not address Sandy and Kirsten as Dad or Mom, he has made it clear that he considers them to be his parents, rather than Frank and Dawn. He generally dislikes speaking about his family and has hinted during Christmas. During his first Chrismukkah in Newport, he tells the Cohens that his holidays mainly consisted of him getting ass kicked and his abusive past is reflected by the fact that he has an extremely high pain threshold and displays an impassive expression after being physically beat up. He is tough, cynical and quick-tempered, yet compassionate and empathetic toward people in trouble and those less fortunate than himself. He is extremely loyal to his family, both biological and adopted, and those he cares about. Sea when he caught Ryan trying to cover-up for Seth, inside the classroom, he has been described as highly intelligent despite his history of behavior problems. In the pilot episode, it is revealed that he had taken his SATs despite being only a sophomore, according to Dawn, Ryan had always been the smart one, the good one in the family. Ryans favorite fruit is peaches, and his band is Journey. He suffers from acrophobia, the fear of heights and he is athletic and played football and soccer in school, a soccer ball is sometimes seen in the Cohens pool house. He used to smoke, like both Frank and Dawn, but stopped after Sandy tells him on the first night that smoking wasnt allowed in the house. Of the characters in the show, Ryan is closest to his adoptive brother Seth, Summer, Ryan and Seth are often able to finish each others sentences, according to Summer, like theyre composing a lie on the spot and read each others body language and facial expressions
25.
Twilight (2008 film)
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Twilight is a 2008 American romantic fantasy film based on Stephenie Meyers popular novel of the same name. Directed by Catherine Hardwicke, the film stars Kristen Stewart and Robert Pattinson and it is the first film in The Twilight Saga film series. This film focuses on the development of the relationship between Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a coven of evil vampires. The project was in development for three years at Paramount Pictures, during which time a screen adaptation that differed significantly from the novel was written. Summit Entertainment acquired the rights to the novel after three years of the projects stagnant development, Melissa Rosenberg wrote a new adaptation of the novel shortly before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike and sought to be faithful to the novels storyline. Principal photography took 44 days and completed on May 2,2008, Twilight was theatrically released on November 21,2008, it grossed over US$393 million worldwide. It was released on DVD March 21,2009 and became the most purchased DVD of the year, the soundtrack was released on November 4,2008. Following the films success, New Moon and Eclipse, the two novels in the series, were produced as films the following year. Seventeen-year-old Isabella Bella Swan moves to Forks, a town on Washingtons Olympic Peninsula, to live with her father. Her mother, Renée, is remarried to a minor league baseball player, Bella makes several friends at her new high school, but she is intrigued by the mysterious and aloof Cullen siblings. Bella sits next to Edward Cullen in biology class on her first day of school, after a week of absence from school, Edward comes back and talks to Bella normally. A few days later, Bella is nearly struck by a van in the parking lot. Edward saves her by covering a distance of over 30 feet. He subsequently refuses to explain his actions to Bella and warns her against befriending him, after much research, Bella concludes that Edward is a vampire. He eventually confirms this but says he and the other Cullens only consume animal blood, the pair fall in love, and Edward introduces Bella to his vampire family. Carlisle Cullen, the patriarch, is a doctor working in Forks. His wife is Esme, and Alice, Jasper, Emmett, Edward and Bellas relationship is soon put in jeopardy, when three nomadic vampires—James, Victoria, and Laurent—arrive in Forks. James, a vampire with incredible hunting instincts, is instantly intrigued by Edwards protectiveness over a human
26.
Cam Gigandet
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He also starred in the short-lived CBS legal drama series Reckless. Gigandet was born in Tacoma, Washington, the son of Kim and Jay Gigandet and his sister Kelsie is a hair stylist. After graduating from Auburn Senior High School in Auburn, Washington in 2001, he moved to California, in 2003, Gigandet made his acting debut with a guest appearance in the crime television series CSI, Crime Scene Investigation. In 2004 and 2005 Gigandet continued his career with recurring roles in television shows such as The Young. In 2006, Gigandet was cast as Kevin Volchok on the Fox teen drama television series The O. C. appearing in 15 episodes. Gigandet portrayed the role of Kevin, a bad boy and rebellious competitive surfer who develops a relationship with the rich socialite Marissa Cooper. In August 2007, Gigandet was cast in the Summit Entertainment action drama film Never Back Down and he portrayed the role of the villainous bad boy and fighting champion Ryan McCarthy who sets out to take down the films protagonist. Gigandet and co-star Sean Faris shared an award for Best Fight at the 2008 MTV Movie Awards, in December 2007, Summit Entertainment cast Gigandet in the planned film adaptation of the best selling vampire book series Twilight by Stephenie Meyer. He signed on to portray the role of the films tracker vampire James, Gigandet received his second Best Fight award win at the 2009 MTV Movie Awards with Robert Pattinson. In 2008, Gigandet won the award for One to Watch at the 10th Annual Young Hollywood Awards, in August 2008, Gigandet signed on to the Screen Gems supernatural horror film The Unborn, portraying the role of the protagonists love interest. Also in 2009, Gigandet starred as Corporal Gallo in the sci-fi thriller Pandorum, in 2009, Gigandet was cast alongside Leighton Meester and Minka Kelly in the thriller film The Roommate. In 2010, Gigandet portrayed Micah, a Christian high school student and that same year, Gigandet starred as the villainous prison guard Chase in the psychological straight-to-DVD thriller The Experiment. In 2010, Gigandet was cast in the film Burlesque, the film was written and directed by first-time director Steve Antin and starred Cher, Christina Aguilera and Stanley Tucci. In 2011, Gigandet portrayed Jonah in the psychological thriller Trespass, Gigandet had a supporting role in the 2011 vampire thriller Priest. Gigandet and his fiancée, Dominique Geisendorff, have a daughter named Everleigh Rae Gigandet, born on April 14,2009, on November 30,2015, Gigandet had his third child, a daughter, named Armie Heartly Gigandet. Gigandet has a belt in Krav Maga. Cam Gigandet at the Internet Movie Database
27.
Jackson Rathbone
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Monroe Jackson Rathbone V is a Singaporean-born American actor and musician known for his role as Jasper Hale in the Twilight film series. Rathbone was born in Singapore, the son of American parents Randee Lynn, because of his fathers job at Mobil Oil, Rathbone has lived in places ranging from Indonesia to Midland, Texas. He attended Trinity School of Midland, a preparatory school. For his junior and senior years of school, Rathbone attended the Interlochen Arts Academy, a private school for the arts in Michigan. After graduation, he had planned to go to the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, after being in Los Angeles for a short time, Rathbone was cast in Disney 411, where he interviewed up-and-coming personalities like Hilary Duff and the sister duo Aly & AJ. He also had guest roles on The O. C. and his film roles include work in Molding Clay, Pray for Morning, and Travis and Henry. In 2005, he got the role of Nicholas Fiske in ABC Familys original series Beautiful People, in a 2008 interview, he stated it was his first leading role and was his most difficult role to fit into. Rathbone also played a role in Criminal minds as Adam and Amanda, in 2008, he played Jasper Hale in the film Twilight, based on the best-selling novel by Stephenie Meyer. He reprised his role in the sequels to Twilight, The Twilight Saga, New Moon, The Twilight Saga, Eclipse and The Twilight Saga, in 2009, Rathbone played Jeremy in S. Darko. In addition to role, he won kudos for his performance as a serial killer on Criminal Minds. Rathbone played the role of Sokka in The Last Airbender, a 2010 film based on the animated series, Rathbone appeared in an episode of No Ordinary Family on November 9,2010. In November 2010, it was reported he had been cast in the Warner Premiere, in May 2011, Rathbone began shooting Live at the Foxes Den, a film in which he plays the lead role of lawyer Bobby Kelly. In November 2014, Rathbone joined the cast of Pali Road, Rathbone has a production company, PatchMo Entertainment, and a record company, Happy Jack Records. Rathbone enjoys music, writing, singing and producing, the band released three albums in 2009. In December 2009,100 Monkeys began a 100-city tour that took them to every state in the US by mid-2010. The band continued to tour into 2011 to coincide with the release of their new album, Liquid Zoo, the band headed overseas for their first international dates in winter 2011. Rathbone and his girlfriend, Sheila Hafsadi, had a son, Monroe Jackson Rathbone VI. Close friend and Twilight co-star Nikki Reed is the godmother and he married Sheila Hafsadi on September 29,2013
28.
Mini's First Time
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Minis First Time is a 2006 comedy drama film written and directed by Nick Guthe and produced by Trigger Street Productions. It was screened at the Tribeca Film Festival on May 1,2006 and had a release on July 14,2006. It was released on DVD on October 24,2006 by HBO Films, Mini Drogues is a clever and adventurous high school senior who is bored with her life. For excitement, and to add to her list of firsts and her first client, however, has a guilty conscience and cant carry through with the act, which disappoints Mini. Her second client is decidedly more exciting, her stepfather Martin, Martin is initially shocked when he learns of her identity, but soon a torrid love affair blossoms between the two. In order to be together, Mini and Martin concoct a plan to have Minis mother Diane declared insane, when their plan fails, Mini convinces Martin to murder Diane, despite his initial resistance to the idea. They attempt to make it appear that Diane committed suicide, but they attract the attention of a detective who believes that Mini. A nosy neighbor, Mike, is obsessed with Mini. Mini arrives to find Martin standing over the neighbor, ready to beat him into unconsciousness, Mini visits Martin in jail and admits that the sexual pictures sent were actually from her in order to get Martin to think that the neighbor sent them. She also reveals that she assumed the police would eventually believe he killed Diane, Mini, therefore, ends up getting away with murder, and inherits her mothers fortune. The film ends with Mini giving a speech, even though she is a C student. She offers advice to the class about how to live a good life. The detective is present at the speech, clearly still suspicious of Mini, alec Baldwin as Martin Tennan Nikki Reed as Minerva Mini Drogues Carrie-Anne Moss as Diane Drogues-Tennan Jeff Goldblum as Mike Rudell Luke Wilson as Det
29.
Twilight (Meyer novel)
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Twilight is a young adult vampire-romance novel by author Stephenie Meyer. It is the first book in the Twilight series, and introduces seventeen-year-old Isabella Bella Swan and she is endangered after falling in love with Edward Cullen, a vampire. Additional novels in the series are New Moon, Eclipse, some praised the novels tone and its portrayal of common teenage emotions such as alienation and rebellion. Others criticized Meyers prose and argued the story was lacking in character development and it reached number five on the New York Times bestseller list within a month of its release and eventually reached first place. The novel was named one of Publishers Weeklys Best Childrens Books of 2005, the film adaptation, released in 2008, was a commercial success, grossing more than $392 million worldwide and making an additional $157 million in North American DVD sales as of July 2009. The book was the biggest-selling of 2008, in 2009, it was the second-biggest selling, losing only to its sequel New Moon, as of 2008, Twilight has been translated into 37 different languages. Bella Swan moves from sunny Phoenix, Arizona to rainy Forks, Washington on the Olympic Peninsula to live with her father and her mother, Renée is traveling with her new husband, Phil Dwyer, a minor league baseball player. Bella attracts much attention at her new school and makes friends quickly, a shy girl, she is dismayed by several boys competing for her attention. As Bella walks into the class, a fan blows her scent towards Edward, Bella sits next to Edward Cullen in biology class on her first day of school, but he seems repulsed by her, hurting her feelings in the process. He disappears for a few days, but warms up to Bella upon his return, Edward saves Bella, stopping the van with only his hand. Bella annoys Edward with questions about how he saved her life and she hears that Edward and his family are vampires who drink animal blood. She is told legends of the local Quilyeute people by a friend Jacob Black who she met during a camp out, disturbed by recurring nightmares, Bella researches about vampires. Convinced hes a vampire, she herself in the state of bewilderment. Bella is saved by Edward again in Port Angeles when she is almost attacked, driving a silver Volvo, Edward takes Bella to dinner and home. As they drive, she tells him of the stories that he is a vampire, Edward says he tried to stay away, finding her scent too desirable. Over time, Edward and Bella fall in love and their relationship is affected when a nomad vampire coven arrives in Forks. James, a vampire who is intrigued by Cullens relationship with a human. The Cullen family try to separate Bella and Edward, and send Bella to Phoenix to hide in a hotel, James calls and claims to be holding her mother
30.
Jason Mewes
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Jason Edward Mewes is an American television and film actor, film producer and internet radio show host. He has played Jay, the half of the duo Jay and Silent Bob. Jason Edward Mewes was born on June 12,1974 in Highlands, New Jersey and he never knew his father, and his mother was an ex-con and a drug addict. Relates Mewes, She used to check into hotels and take TVs and sell them. I guess it really aint funny, I used to drive around with her and shed pull up and make me reach into mailboxes. Although this exposure to drugs at first served to make him averse to them and his best friend was future filmmaker Kevin Smith, who described Mewes this way, s the kind of dude you know for five minutes and he whips his cock out. I was like, somebody should put this dude in a movie, I just wanted to see if anybody outside our group of friends finds him as funny as I do. While working toward a career in roofing, Mewes made his debut in Smiths 1994 film Clerks as Jay. He also supplied Jays voice in the short-lived Clerks, The Animated Series and he, along with Kevin Smith, performed in the films Scream 3 and Bottoms Up and on Canadian television series Degrassi, The Next Generation. He appeared in two episodes of a story arc in which he and Smith film a new addition to Smiths View Askew films titled Jay and Silent Bob Go Canadian. They appear again on Degrassi, at the premiere of Jay and Silent Bob go Canadian, Mewes, Smith, and Degrassi star Stacie Mistysyn made the cover of the January 29,2005 issue of Canadian TV Guide. In 1998, he starred as Gary Lamb – Ground Activist in a series of Nike commercials directed by Smith, from 2010-2012, Mewes was cast as Jimmy the Janitor for 26 episodes of the Canadian television series Todd and the Book of Pure Evil. In the video game Scarface, The World Is Yours Mewes provides a voiceover for a thief who steals some tapes, the titular character, Tony Scarface Montana, injures Mewes characters in a fistfight that regains the desired tapes. Mewes starred in the horror film Breath of Hate, where he played a love interest to a dysfunctional escort. Mewes co-starred in Smiths 2008 film Zack and Miri Make a Porno, in which Mewes, in a scene near the end of the film, Mewes co-hosts a weekly podcast with Smith called Jay & Silent Bob Get Old in which Mewes discusses his former drug addiction issues. Mewes is co-Executive Producer on Smiths Hulu-exclusive series Spoilers with Kevin Smith, Mewes starred in episode 3 of the sixth season of Hawaii Five-0 as Eddie Brooks. Mewes has openly talked about his struggles with substance abuse, which began in his early 20s and he first began using heroin shortly after appearing in Mallrats, and was soon addicted, he was under the influence while filming Chasing Amy and Dogma. Smith entered Mewes into the first of a series of drug rehabilitation clinics in 1997, after noticing Mewes would spontaneously fall asleep, which he initially attributed to narcolepsy. Mewes sobered up until about a week into the Dogma shoot and it was also during filming for Dogma that Mewes mother was diagnosed with AIDS
31.
Kristen Stewart
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Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress and model. Born in Los Angeles to parents working in business, Stewart began her acting career in 1997 with uncredited roles. She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Fosters daughter in the thriller Panic Room and she went on to star in Speak, Catch That Kid, Zathura, and Into The Wild, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series, Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films, including Adventureland, The Runaways, Snow White and the Huntsman, On the Road, Camp X-Ray, Still Alice and Equals. She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys. She starred in Personal Shopper, written for her by director Olivier Assayras, Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010, with an estimated earning of $28.5 million. In 2011, she was named number one on Forbes list of Hollywoods Best Actors for the Buck, Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012, with total earnings of $34.5 million. She is the face of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands, Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles. Both of her parents work in the entertainment industry and her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox and currently works on Comedy Central show @midnight. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is originally from Maroochydore, Queensland and she is a script supervisor and has also directed a film, the 2012 prison drama K-11. She has a brother, Cameron B. Stewart, and two adopted brothers, Dana and Taylor, Stewart attended local schools until the seventh grade. As she became involved in acting, she continued her education by correspondence until completing high school. As she grew up with a family who worked behind the camera, Stewart thought she would become a screenwriter/director and she recalled, I never wanted to be the center of attention — I wasnt that I want to be famous, I want to be an actor kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens, Id write my name on everything. She began acting at 8, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary schools Christmas play, after auditioning for a year, Stewart gained her first role with a small, nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel TV-movie The Thirteenth Year. Her next film was The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, where she played the ring toss girl and she also appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, as the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother. Stewart also played a tomboy, diabetic daughter of a mother in the film Panic Room
32.
Los Angeles County, California
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Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is the most populous county in both the United States and the state of California, the countrys most populous state. Its population is larger than that of 42 individual U. S. states and it has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at 4,083 square miles, it is larger than the combined areas of the U. S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U. S and its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million. Los Angeles County is one of the counties of California. The county originally included parts of what are now Kern, San Bernardino, Riverside, as the population increased, sections were split off to organize San Bernardino County in 1853, Kern County in 1866, and Orange County in 1889. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,751 square miles, Los Angeles County borders 70 miles of coast on the Pacific Ocean and encompasses mountain ranges, valleys, forests, islands, lakes, rivers, and desert. The western extent of the Mojave Desert begins in the Antelope Valley, most of the population of Los Angeles County is located in the south and southwest, with major population centers in the Los Angeles Basin, San Fernando Valley and San Gabriel Valley. Other population centers are found in the Santa Clarita Valley, Pomona Valley, Crescenta Valley, the county is divided west-to-east by the San Gabriel Mountains, which are part of the Transverse Ranges of southern California, and are contained mostly within the Angeles National Forest. Los Angeles County includes San Clemente Island and Santa Catalina Island, non-Hispanic whites numbered 2,728,321, or 28% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race numbered 4,687,889, 36% of Los Angeles Countys population was of Mexican ancestry,3. 7% Salvadoran, and 2. 2% Guatemalan heritage. The largest Asian groups of the 1,346,865 Asians in Los Angeles County are 4. 0% Chinese,3. 3% Filipino,2. 2% Korean,1. 0% Japanese,0. 9% Vietnamese,0. 8% Indian, and 0. 3% Cambodian. The racial makeup of the county is 48. 7% White,11. 0% African American,0. 8% Native American,10. 0% Asian,0. 3% Pacific Islander,23. 5% from other races, and 4. 9% from two or more races. 44. 6% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race, the largest European-American ancestry groups are German, Irish, English and Italian. 45. 9% of the population reported speaking only English at home,37. 9% spoke Spanish,2. 22% Tagalog,2. 0% Chinese,1. 9% Korean,1. 87% Armenian,0. 5% Arabic, and 0. 2% Hindi. At the census of 2000, there were 9,519,338 people,3,133,774 households, the population density was 2,344 people per square mile. There were 3,270,909 housing units at a density of 806 per square mile. 25% of all households were made up of individuals and 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.61. In the county, the population was out with 28% under the age of 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 19% from 45 to 64
33.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
34.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote
35.
Catch .44
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Catch.44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film starring Forest Whitaker, Bruce Willis, Malin Åkerman, Nikki Reed, Deborah Ann Woll, and Brad Dourif. The film is written and directed by Aaron Harvey, drug boss Mel tasks his associates Tes, Dawn, and Kara with intercepting a truck driver bringing rival drugs to a diner at night. The women wait for the driver at the diner, but when they fail to see him, they draw guns on the occupants of the diner, however, a shootout ensues when Francine, the diners owner, and Jesse, a patron, draw firearms of their own. The ensuing gunfight ends with Kara, Francine, Dawn, and Jesse all dead and Tes in a standoff with Billy, as Tes and Billy point their weapons at each other, their situation becomes more complicated when Ronny, another associate of Mels, arrives at the diner. It is eventually revealed that no drugs were coming into the diner, Mel hired Billy, Jesse, and Francine, who all worked for him, to kill Tes and her cohorts. Ronny, who is infatuated with Tes, states he came to the diner to rescue her and steal the money Mel supposedly gave Billy for his assignment, Ronny orders Tes to shoot Billy, but Tes ultimately turns her gun on Ronny, and a second shootout occurs. Mel later comes to the diner and discovers Ronny to apparently be the survivor of the gunfight. After a brief conversation, Mel shoots Ronny in the face, Tes, however, turns out to still be alive and guns Mel down. She then intercepts a car carrying Mels money and drives off with the cash, Forest Whitaker as Ronny Bruce Willis as Mel Malin Åkerman as Tes Nikki Reed as Kara Deborah Ann Woll as Dawn Shea Whigham as Billy Brad Dourif as Sheriff Connors Jimmy Lee Jr. Early on, there were changes to the cast, particularly within the female lead roles. Maggie Grace was originally attached to play Tes, and Lauren German was attached to play Kara, laura Ramsey was also considered for the role of Dawn. After Malin Åkerman signed on to play Tes, Bruce Willis, lizzy Caplan and Kate Mara were then brought on as Dawn and Kara, respectively. However, a few later, Caplan was replaced with Deborah Ann Woll for the role of Dawn. Mara dropped out the movie as well, due to scheduling conflicts, the film features art by Dallas-based artist Elisa Guardiola. The rights to Catch.44 were picked up by Anchor Bay Films, independent film producer Cassian Elwes brokered the deal. Catch.44 at the Internet Movie Database Catch.44 at Rotten Tomatoes
36.
Bruce Willis
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Walter Bruce Willis is an American actor, producer, and singer. His career began on the Off-Broadway stage and then in television in the 1980s and he is known for his role of John McClane in the Die Hard series. He has appeared in over 60 films, including Color of Night, Pulp Fiction,12 Monkeys, The Fifth Element, Armageddon, The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Sin City, Red, The Expendables 2, and Looper. Willis married actress Demi Moore in 1987, and they had three daughters, including Rumer, before their divorce in 2000, since 2009, he has been married to model Emma Heming, with whom he has two daughters. Willis was born Walter Bruce Willis on March 19,1955, in the town of Idar-Oberstein and his father, David Willis, was an American soldier. His mother, Marlene, was German, born in Kassel, Willis is the oldest of four children, he has a sister, Florence, and a brother, David. His brother Robert died of cancer in 2001, aged 42. After being discharged from the military in 1957, Williss father took his back to Carneys Point Township. Willis has described himself as having come from a line of blue collar people. His mother worked in a bank and his father was a welder, master mechanic, Willis attended Penns Grove High School in his hometown, where he encountered issues with a stutter. He was nicknamed Buck-Buck by his schoolmates, after high school, Willis took a job as a security guard at the Salem Nuclear Power Plant and transported work crews at the DuPont Chambers Works factory in Deepwater, New Jersey. After working as an investigator, Willis turned to acting. He enrolled in the Drama Program at Montclair State University, where he was cast in the production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Willis left school in his year and moved to New York City. Willis left New York City and headed to California to audition for television shows. In 1984, he appeared in an episode of the TV series Miami Vice, in 1985, he was the guest actor in the first episode of the 1980s revival of The Twilight Zone, Shatterday. He auditioned for the role of David Addison Jr. of the television series Moonlighting, competing against 3,000 other actors for the position, during the height of the shows success, beverage maker Seagram hired Willis as the pitchman for their Golden Wine Cooler products. The advertising campaign paid the rising star between $5–7 million over two years, in spite of that, Willis chose not to renew his contract with the company when he decided to stop drinking alcohol in 1988
37.
Forest Whitaker
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Forest Steven Whitaker III is an American actor, producer, and director. According to DNA tests, his father was of Igbo descent, when Whitaker was four, his family moved to Carson, California. Whitaker has two brothers, Kenn Whitaker, an actor, and Damon, and an older sister. Whitakers first role as an actor was the lead in Dylan Thomas play Under Milk Wood, Whitaker attended California State Polytechnic University, Pomona on a football scholarship, but a back injury made him change his major to music. He toured England with the Cal Poly Chamber Singers in 1980, while still at Cal Poly, he briefly changed his major to drama. He was accepted to the Music Conservatory at the University of Southern California to study opera as a tenor and he graduated from USC in 1982. He also earned a scholarship to the Berkeley, California branch of the Drama Studio London, Whitaker was pursuing a degree in The Core of Conflict, Studies in Peace and Reconciliation at New York Universitys Gallatin School of Individualized Study in 2004. In 1986, he appeared in Martin Scorseses The Color of Money, the following year, he co-starred in the comedy Good Morning, Vietnam. In 1988, Whitaker appeared in the film Bloodsport and had his first lead role starring as musician Charlie Bird Parker in Clint Eastwoods Bird. To prepare himself for the part, he sequestered himself in a loft with only a bed, couch and his performance, which has been called transcendent, earned him the Best Actor award at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival and a Golden Globe nomination. Whitaker continued to work with a number of directors throughout the 1990s. He starred in the 1990 film Downtown and was cast in the role of Jody. Todd McCarthy of Variety described Whitakers performance as big-hearted, hugely emotional, in 1994, he was a member of the cast that won the first ever National Board of Review Award for Best Acting by an Ensemble for Robert Altmans film, Prêt-à-Porter. He gave an emotional performance in Wayne Wang and Paul Austers 1995 film. Whitaker played a serene, pigeon-raising, bushido-following, mob hit man in Ghost Dog, The Way of the Samurai, many consider this to have been a definitive role for Whitaker. In a manner similar to his preparation for Bird, he immersed himself in his characters world—he studied Eastern philosophy. Whitaker next appeared in what has called one of the worst films ever made. The film was criticized as a notorious commercial and critical disaster
38.
Hayden Panettiere
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Hayden Leslie Panettiere is an American actress, model, singer, and activist. A native of New York City, she first appeared in a commercial at the age of 11 months. Other notable roles include her portrayal of the character in the true crime drama Amanda Knox, Murder on Trial in Italy. She received two nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Panettiere was born in and partly raised in Palisades, New York. She is the daughter of Lesley R. Vogel, a soap opera actress, and Alan Lee Skip Panettiere. She has Italian, and some English and German ancestry and she has one younger brother, fellow actor Jansen Panettiere. Her mothers family lives in Indiana, after Panettiere attended South Orangetown Middle School in New York, she was homeschooled from grade nine to the completion of high school. Panettiere first appeared in commercials at the age of 11 months, while on Guiding Light, Panettieres character Lizzie battled leukemia. For drawing the attention of viewers to the disease, and for improving national awareness. In 2004, Panettiere had her first starring role in the Disney Channel film Tiger Cruise, Panettiere became most prominent as Claire Bennet in the NBC series Heroes, which was created by Tim Kring, as a high school cheerleader with regenerative healing powers. Panettiere has complained that her options are sometimes limited because people look at as either the popular cheerleader type or just the blonde. In early 2007, Panettiere appeared on the MTV show, Punkd, the appearance was engineered by her mother and involved a male fan discussing her work with her, instigating a jealous reaction from the mans spouse. In April 2012, she hosted an episode of the new series, in March 2012, it was announced Panettiere had been cast opposite Connie Britton on the ABC musical drama series Nashville. In May 2012, ABC bought the pilot as a series, the pilot reunites Panettiere with Burgess Jenkins from Remember the Titans. ABC canceled the series in May 2016 but it was picked up by CMT. In 1999, she portrayed the girl on a sailboat in Message In A Bottle. She played the role of Coach Yoasts daughter, Sheryl, in the 2000 Disney film Remember the Titans, in 2004, she played Kate Hudsons title characters adolescent niece in Raising Helen. In 2005, she was the title characters rival in a skating contest in Ice Princess, in the same year she played the main role in the film Racing Stripes as budding jockey Channing Walsh
39.
Bret Easton Ellis
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Bret Easton Ellis is an American author, screenwriter, and short story writer. His works have translated into 27 languages. He was at first regarded as one of the so-called literary Brat Pack and he is a self-proclaimed satirist, whose trademark technique, as a writer, is the expression of extreme acts and opinions in an affectless style. Ellis employs a technique of linking novels with common, recurring characters, on its release, the literary establishment widely condemned the novel as overly violent and misogynistic. Though many petitions to ban the book saw Ellis dropped by Simon & Schuster, in later years, Ellis novels have become increasingly metafictional. Lunar Park, a pseudo-memoir and ghost story, received positive reviews, Imperial Bedrooms, marketed as a sequel to Less Than Zero, continues in this vein. Four of Elliss works have made into films. Less Than Zero was rapidly adapted for screen, leading to the release of a different film of the same name in 1987. Mary Harrons adaptation of American Psycho was released to positive reviews in 2000. Roger Avarys 2002 adaptation The Rules of Attraction made modest box office returns, 2008s The Informers, based on Elliss collection of short stories, was critically panned. Ellis also wrote the screenplay for the critically derided 2013 film The Canyons, Ellis was born in Los Angeles, to a middle class California household, and was raised in Sherman Oaks in the San Fernando Valley. His father, Robert Martin Ellis, was a property developer, Ellis stated, during the initial release of his third novel American Psycho, that his father was abusive, and he became the basis of that books best-known character Patrick Bateman. Ellis claims that while his life growing up was somewhat difficult due to the divorce. There he met and befriended Donna Tartt and Jonathan Lethem, who both would later become published writers, Bennington College was also where Ellis completed a novel he had been working on for many years. That book, Less Than Zero, went on to be published while Ellis was just 21 and still in college, thus propelling him to instant fame. Ellis became a pariah for a following the release of American Psycho. It is now regarded as Ellis magnum opus and is looked upon by academics. The Informers was offered to his publisher during Glamoramas long writing history, Ellis wrote a screenplay for The Rules of Attractions film adaptation, which was not used
40.
The Rules of Attraction
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The Rules of Attraction is a satirical black comedy novel by Bret Easton Ellis published in 1987. The novel is written in first person narrative, and the story is told from the points of view of various characters, the book was adapted into a film of the same name in 2002. Ellis himself has remarked that of all the adaptations of his books, The Rules of Attraction came closest to capturing his sensibility. The novel is written in the first-person, continuing the aesthetic of Ellis earlier Less Than Zero, the main narrators are three students, Paul, Sean, and Lauren. A number of characters also provide first-hand accounts throughout the story, which takes place at the fictional Camden College. The three main characters end up in a triangle within a sequence of drug runs, Dress to Get Screwed. The story begins midway through a sentence in order to give the effect that it begins somewhere closer to the middle, another interpretation is that the story has neither a beginning nor an ending, signifying the endless cycle of debauchery in which the characters of the novel engage. This is sometimes mistaken by readers as an error or the result of a missing page. The novel ends in a fashion, with the last sentence cut off before its end. Sean is a student from a wealthy family. He is very promiscuous and a substance abuser, as well as a drug dealer in the employ of Rupert Guest. He becomes romantically involved with Lauren, a relationship he considers to be true love and it is also implied that Sean is bisexual, as he apparently becomes involved in a sexual relationship with Paul Denton. In March 2012, Ellis stated through his Twitter that Sean is, in fact, gay, although in a Reddit AMA in May 2013, Sean is very bitter and cynical, and is prone to self-loathing. He attempts suicide at multiple points in the book, first by hanging, then by slashing his wrist with a dull razor, a major subplot in the novel is Seans debt to Rupert, a violent townie drug dealer who often threatens to kill him. The character is the brother of the notorious Patrick Bateman and has appeared in Elliss other novels, American Psycho, The Informers. Lauren is a painter and poet who has sexual relations with boys on campus, all the while pining for Victor, her boyfriend who left Camden. She is often depressed and very emotional and she is in her senior year at Camden. She was also in a relationship with Paul before the events of the book take place, the character reappears as a main character in Glamorama, in which she becomes reacquainted with Victor after having become a successful model and actress
41.
American Psycho
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American Psycho is a novel by Bret Easton Ellis, published in 1991. The story is told in the first person by Patrick Bateman, a film adaptation starring Christian Bale as Bateman was released in 2000 to generally favorable reviews. In 2008, it was confirmed that producers David Johnson and Jesse Singer were developing an adaptation of the novel to appear on Broadway. The musical premiered at the Almeida Theatre, London in December 2013, Ellis researched murders at the New York Public Library. His first draft of American Psycho left all the scenes until last. Bateman, in his mid-20s when the story begins, narrates his everyday activities, Batemans stream of consciousness is occasionally broken up by chapters in which he directly addresses the reader in order to critique the work of 1980s pop music artists. The novel maintains a level of ambiguity through mistaken identity. Characters are consistently introduced as other than themselves, and people argue over the identities of others they can see in restaurants or at parties. After killing Paul Owen, one of his colleagues, Bateman appropriates his apartment as a place to host, Batemans control over his violent urges deteriorates. Bateman begins to experience bizarre hallucinations such as seeing a Cheerio interviewed on a show, being stalked by an anthropomorphic park bench. These incidents culminate in a spree during which he kills several random people in the street. Bateman flees on foot and hides in his office, where he phones his attorney, Harold Carnes, later, Bateman revisits Paul Owens apartment, where he had earlier killed and mutilated two prostitutes, carrying a surgical mask in anticipation of the decomposing bodies he expects to encounter. He enters the perfectly clean, refurbished apartment, however, filled with strong-smelling flowers meant, perhaps, the real estate agent, who sees his surgical mask, fools him into stating he was attending the apartment viewing because he saw an ad in the Times. She tells him to leave and never return, at the end of the story, Bateman confronts Carnes about the message he left on his machine, only to find the attorney amused at what he considers a hilarious joke. Mistaking Bateman for another colleague, Carnes claims that the Patrick Bateman he knows is too much of a coward to have committed such acts, the book ends as it began, with Bateman and his colleagues at a new club on a Friday night, engaging in banal conversation. The sign seen at the end of the book simply reads This is not an exit, according to literary critic Jeffrey W. Hunter, American Psycho is largely a critique of the shallow and vicious aspects of capitalism. The characters are concerned with material gain and superficial appearances. This leads Patrick Bateman to act as if everything is a commodity, including people, Patrick Batemans consumption of what he views as nothing more than a piece of meat is an almost parodically literal interpretation of a monster created by consumer culture
42.
Ray Liotta
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Raymond Allen Liotta is an American actor, film producer, and voice actor. His adoptive parents both unsuccessfully ran for local office and he has a sister, Linda Liotta, who is also adopted. Liotta has said he knew he was adopted as a young child, Liotta located his biological mother in the 2000s. His adoptive parents were of Italian and Scottish ancestry, after research and talks with his biological mother, he learned he is part Scottish. He has one brother, five half sisters, and a full sister. Liotta was raised Roman Catholic, although his family was not very religious, Liotta said the family went to church and he received first communion and was confirmed, but the family did not pray much. He occasionally uses prayer in his daily life, Liotta recalls attending parades handing out flyers for his fathers run for Township Committee. He graduated from Union High School in 1973 in Union, New Jersey where he grew up, Liotta graduated from the University of Miami, where he received a degree in Fine Arts in 1978 and studied acting with Robert Buckets Lowery. He performed in such as Cabaret, Dames at Sea, Oklahoma. After college, Liotta moved to New York City and he got a job as a bartender at the Shubert theaters and landed an agent within six months. One of Liottas earliest roles was as Joey Perrini on the soap opera Another World and he quit the show so he could try his luck in the film industry, and moved to Los Angeles. He made his debut in a sexual assault scene with Pia Zadora. His first major acting role was Something Wild, which earned him his first Golden Globe nomination, in 1989, he costarred alongside Kevin Costner in the fantasy/drama film Field of Dreams— Liotta portrayed Shoeless Joe Jackson, the ghost of the famed baseball player. His voice over line, If you build it, he will come, is #39 on the American Film Institutes list of 100 movie quotes, in 1990, Liotta portrayed real-life mobster Henry Hill in Martin Scorseses film Goodfellas. In 1992, he costarred as a cop alongside Kurt Russell. He appeared in a role in the sci-fi/action film No Escape. Liotta earned critical praise for his turn in James Mangolds film Cop Land, starring alongside Sylvester Stallone, Robert De Niro, in 1998, he received critical praise for his performance in Phoenix playing a compulsive gambler. The ER role earned Liotta an Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
43.
Common (rapper)
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Lonnie Rashid Lynn, Jr. better known by his stage name Common, is an American rapper, actor, film producer and poet from Chicago, Illinois. Common debuted in 1992 with the album Can I Borrow a Dollar, and maintained a significant underground following into the late 1990s, after which he gained notable mainstream success through his work with the Soulquarians. Commons first major-label album, Like Water for Chocolate, received critical acclaim. His first Grammy Award was in 2003, winning Best R&B Song for Love of My Life and its popularity was matched by May 2005s Be, which was nominated for Best Rap Album, at the 2006 Grammy Awards. Common was awarded his second Grammy for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group, for Southside and his best-of album, Thisisme Then, The Best of Common, was released on November 27,2007. He also narrated the award-winning documentary Bouncing Cats, about one mans efforts to improve the lives of children in Uganda through hip-hop/b-boy culture and he starred as Elam Ferguson on the AMC western television series Hell on Wheels. Common was born on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois and he was raised in the Calumet Heights neighborhood. He is the son of educator Dr. Mahalia Ann Hines and they divorced when he was six years old, resulting in his fathers moving to Denver, Colorado. This left Common to be raised by his mother, but his father remained active in his life, while a student at Luther High School South in Chicago, Lynn with his friends, record producer and Corey Crawley formed C. D. R. A rap trio that opened for acts that included N. W. A, Common attended Florida A&M University for two years under a scholarship and majored in business administration. After being featured in the Unsigned Hype column of The Source magazine, Lynn debuted in 1992 with the single Take It EZ, with the 1994 release of Resurrection, Common achieved a much larger degree of critical acclaim, which extended beyond Chicago natives. The album sold well and received a strong positive reaction among alternative. Resurrection was Commons last album produced almost entirely by his production partner. In 1996, Common appeared on the Red Hot Organizations compilation CD, America Is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan, the CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as a masterpiece by The Source magazine. He would later contribute to the Red Hot Organizations Fela Kuti tribute album. He collaborated with Djelimady Tounkara on a remake of Kutis track, Years of Tears, the song I Used to Love H. E. R. from Resurrection ignited a feud with West Coast rap group Westside Connection. The lyrics of the song criticized the hip hop music was taking and was interpreted by some as directing blame towards the popularity of West Coast Gangsta rap. Westside Connection first responded with the 1995 song Westside Slaughterhouse, with the lyrics Used to love H. E. R, Westside Connection recorded tracks venting their issues with rival East Coast rappers
44.
Michael Chiklis
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Michael Charles Chiklis is an American actor, director, musician and television producer. He is perhaps best known for his role as LAPD Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama The Shield, additionally, he co-starred as Vincent Savino in the CBS crime drama Vegas. In 2014 Chiklis joined the cast of American Horror Story for its season, American Horror Story. The following year he was cast as Nathaniel Barnes, in the season of Gotham. Chiklis was born in Lowell, Massachusetts and his mother, Katherine, is a hospital administrative aide, and his father, Charlie Chiklis, runs a hair/beauty salon. Chiklis has been described as inheriting his acting ability from his mother and his father is a second-generation Greek American and his mother is of Greek and Irish descent. Chiklis grew up in Andover, Massachusetts and began entertaining his family with celebrity imitations when he was five years old, as a child, Chiklis appeared in regional theater productions and became a member of the Actors Equity Association at age thirteen. In the ninth grade, he portrayed Hawkeye Pierce in Andover High Schools production of M*A*S*H and he later attended Boston University College of Fine Arts, where he received a Bachelor of Fine Arts. After graduation, Chiklis moved to Brooklyn, New York City and was cast in the role of John Belushi in the controversial biopic Wired in 1989, the film was panned in general and flopped at the box office. He also guest starred in popular television series such as Miami Vice. Stryker, Wiseguy, L. A. Law, Murphy Brown, chikliss first successful role was in The Commish, a police comedy/drama that ran from 1991–1996 on ABC. Chiklis played Anthony Tony J. Scali, a commissioner in a small city in upstate New York. After The Commish, Chiklis starred in the short-lived NBC sitcom Daddio, after playing Curly Howard in the 2000 TV movie The Three Stooges, Chiklis decided to reinvent his image. With his wifes help, he spent six months on a workout regimen. He turned up to audition for The Shield looking nothing like the pudgy, winning over creator Shawn Ryan, Chiklis nabbed the leading role of the shows anti-hero, LAPD Detective Vic Mackey. He won the 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series for the role, Chiklis received a Golden Globe Award that same year for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series-Drama as well. Between 2004 and 2005, he was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Drama Series, Chiklis later parodied his role as Vic Mackey in Monstourage, an episode of Robot Chicken. The skit involved Mackey accidentally switching places with Ben Grimm and he has also performed in several episodes of Family Guy and had a voice role in Heavy Gear, The Animated Series
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