Nikolaas Tinbergen
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Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning the
Tinbergen in 1978
Tinbergen's hierarchical model. Modified from The Study of Instinct (1951).
Tinbergen (foreground, far left) at a 1978 Nobel laureate event with (from left) Konrad Lorenz, Feodor Lynen, and Ernst von Khuon. In the back, Severo Ochoa and Eva Lynen.
Ethology
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Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the late 19th an
Nikolaas Tinbergen
…discoveries concerning the organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals. He is regarded as one of the founders of ethology, the study of animal behaviour, and an important figure in the development of that discipline into its contemporary form, behavioral ecology. In 1951…
Great crested grebes perform a complex synchronised courtship display.
Male impalas fighting during the rut
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) explored the expression of emotions in animals.