Nine Years' War
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The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between France and the Grand Alliance. Fought primarily in Europe, related conflicts include the Williamite war in Ireland, an
Left to right: Action at Barfleur Siege of Namur Battle of Marsaglia Bombardment of Brussels
Equestrian portrait of Louis XIV (1638–1715) by René-Antoine Houasse. The Sun King was the most powerful monarch in Europe.
William of Orange (1650–1702), portrayed here as King William III of England by Sir Godfrey Kneller.
Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (1620–1688). He was succeeded by his son, Frederick, who proved to be one of William of Orange's most loyal allies.
Glorious Revolution
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The Glorious Revolution was the deposition of King James II in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, James's nephew William III of Orange. The two ruled as join
The Prince of Orange landing at Torbay as depicted in an illustration by Johan Herman Isings
The sailing order of the Dutch fleet
James II and VII, King of England, Scotland and Ireland. Portrait of James II by Godfrey Kneller, National Portrait Gallery, 1684
James's attempts to allow tolerance for English Catholics coincided with the October 1685 Edict of Fontainebleau revoking it for Huguenots.