Nishinoshima is a town located on the island of Nishinoshima, in Oki District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2020, the town had an estimated population of 2,788 and a population density of 50 persons per km2. The total area was 55.98 km2 (22 sq mi).

Shimane Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region of Honshu. Shimane Prefecture is the second-least populous prefecture of Japan at 665,205 and has a geographic area of 6,708.26 km2. Shimane Prefecture borders Yamaguchi Prefecture to the southwest, Hiroshima Prefecture to the south, and Tottori Prefecture to the east.