1.
Nokia
–
Nokia Corporation, stylised as NOKIA, is a Finnish multinational communications and information technology company, founded in 1865. Nokia is headquartered in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area, in 2014, Nokia employed 61,656 people across 120 countries, did business in more than 150 countries and reported annual revenues of around €12.73 billion. Nokia is a limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange. It is the worlds 274th-largest company measured by 2013 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500 and is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, the company has had various industries in its 151-year history. It was founded as a mill, and now focuses on large-scale telecommunications infrastructures. Nokias dominance also extended into the industry through its Symbian platform. Nokia eventually entered into a pact with Microsoft in 2011 to exclusively use Microsofts Windows Phone platform on future smartphones and its mobile phone business was eventually bought by Microsoft in an overall deal totaling $7.17 billion. Stephen Elop, Nokias former CEO, and several other joined the new Microsoft Mobile subsidiary of Microsoft as part of the deal. Nokia has a history, dating back to 1865 when Fredrik Idestam. A second pulp mill was created in 1868 near the town of Nokia, in 1871, Idestam together with friend Leo Mechelin formed a shared company and called it Nokia, after the town of the second pulp mill. For the next 90 years, Nokia on its own would be a forest and power industry company, in 1922, Nokia was jointly-owned with a trio partnership with Finnish Cable Works and Finnish Rubber Works. Nokia Corporation now boasted many industries including rubber, forestry, cable, electricity, in the 1970s, the newly formed conglomerate started entering the networking and radio industry. Nokia also started making military equipment for Finlands defence forces, such as the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator in 1983, in 1979, Nokia went into a joint venture with television maker Salora, to create Mobira, which would lay out the foundation of Nokias future mobile phone division. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone service, the worlds first international cellular network, then in 1982, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, which can be considered as Nokias first mobile phone. At that time, though, Nokia had no interest at all in mobile phones and it is only due to the Salo, Finland-based Salora-Mobira that the idea was pushed through. In 1987, Finnish Cable Works discontinued production of cables at its Helsinki factory, nokian Tyres, a tyre producer that was originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit and this allowed Nokia Corporation to solely focus on communications. Jorma Ollila became CEO in 1992, Nokias first fully portable mobile phone was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987
2.
Slogan
–
The Oxford Dictionary of English defines a slogan as a short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising. A slogan usually has the attributes of being memorable, very concise and these attributes are necessary in a slogan, as it is only a short phrase. Therefore, it is necessary for slogans to be memorable, as well as concise in what the organisation or brand is trying to say, the word slogan is derived from slogorn which was an Anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic and Irish sluagh-ghairm. Slogans vary from the written and the visual to the chanted and their simple rhetorical nature usually leaves little room for detail and a chanted slogan may serve more as social expression of unified purpose than as communication to an intended audience. George E. Shankels research states that, English-speaking people began using the term by 1704, the term at that time meant the distinctive note, phrase or cry of any person or body of persons. Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the Middle Ages, crimmins research suggests that brands are an extremely valuable corporate asset, and can make up a lot of a businesss total value. With this in mind, if we take into consideration Kellers research and these include, name, logo and slogan. Brands names and logos both can be changed by the way the receiver interprets them, therefore, the slogan has a large job in portraying the brand. Therefore, the slogan should create a sense of likability in order for the name to be likable. Dass, Kumar, Kohli, & Thomas research suggests there are certain factors that make up the likability of a slogan. The clarity of the message the brand is trying to encode within the slogan, the slogan emphasizes the benefit of the product or service it is portraying. The creativity of a slogan is another factor that had an effect on the likability of a slogan. Lastly, leaving the name out of the slogan will have a positive effect on the likability of the brand itself. The original usage refers to the usage as a clan motto among Highland clans, marketing slogans are often called taglines in the United States or straplines in the United Kingdom. Europeans use the terms baselines, signatures, claims or pay-offs, sloganeering is a mostly derogatory term for activity which degrades discourse to the level of slogans. Slogans are used to convey a message about the product, service or cause that it is representing and it can have a musical tone to it or written as a song. Slogans are often used to capture the attention of the audience it is trying to reach, if the slogan is used for commercial purposes, often it is written to be memorable/catchy in order for a consumer to associate the slogan with the product it is representing. A slogan is part of the aspect that helps create an image for the product
3.
Nokia 6000 series
–
The Nokia 6000 series or Classic Business series is range of mobile phones marketed by Nokia. This family of phones is notable for their conservative, unisex designs, the Nokia 6150 is the dual-band version of the Nokia 6110 introduced in early 1998. The Nokia 6151 is a phone from Nokia. In the United States and Canada, It was released in the 4th Quarter of 2006 and it is considered a key player in the 3G collection of the Nokia Cell Phones. The design of the 6151, primarily based on its previous version the Nokia 6080, has conserved a classical appearance, buttons and connectors are kept flush in order to maintain the phones smooth appearance. The phone features a design which allows the phone an easy handling of the phone with only one hand. It is available in black, grey, lime green, orange, the Nokia 6170 is one of the clamshell phone series from Nokia with a compact form and an integrated VGA camera. Nokia has announced its third fully integrated Near Field Communication device, the Nokia 6216 classic is expected to start shipping in the third quarter of 2009. The Nokia 6230 is a phone based on the Series 40 platform. It is also EGPRS capable of speeds up to 220 kbit/s, in addition, it has changeable Xpress-on covers available for purchase. It uses an Extended Li-Ion Battery of 850 mAh, the 6230 accepts MMC memory cards up to 1 GB in capacity on which multimedia files and data can be stored. It operates on either GSM 900/1800/1900 MHz, or GSM 850/1800/1900 MHz for the North American market, cingular Wireless was the primary GSM carrier that offered the Nokia 6230b in the United States. Other companies such as Cincinnati Bell, Simmetry Communications, Viaero Wireless and it is also standard UMS compliant, i. e. no proprietary drivers are required to transfer data to and from the devices memory card. It weighs 99 g and the dimensions are 103 mm ×44 mm ×20 mm,76 cc. Nokia 6230 was nicknamed Matrix during development, the updated version 6230i was nicknamed Matrix 2. The Nokia 6233 phone made by Nokia is the successor to the Nokia 6230i and it is a 3G/GSM/WCDMA mobile phone that runs the Nokia Series 40 3rd Edition UI operating system. The phone is said to be the loudest mobile around as it has two speakers, in comparison to predecessors it has some serious restrictions concerning the user interface, e. g. one can not adjust the brightness or duration of the display backlight. There is also a Music Edition sold in Asia regions that comes bundled with the Nokia Music Stand,512 MB microSD card, the Nokia 6234 is similar to the 6233, but specialized for customers of Vodafone. It can still however be unlocked to other networks, the Nokia 6255i is a mid-range clamshell phone, highlighted by a VGA camera
4.
Comparison of mobile phone standards
–
A comparison of mobile phone standards can be done in many ways. Global System for Mobile Communications and IS-95 were the two most prevalent 2G mobile communication technologies in 2007, in 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the problems, to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation, UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. Time-division multiple access provides multiuser access by chopping up the channel into sequential time slices, each user of the channel takes turns to transmit and receive signals. In reality, only one person is using the channel at a specific moment. This is analogous to time-sharing on a computer server. Frequency-division multiple access provides multiuser access by separating the used frequencies and this is used in GSM to separate cells, which then use TDMA to separate users within the cell. The receiver undoes the randomization to collect the bits together and produce the original data. As the codes are pseudorandom and selected in such a way as to cause interference to one another, multiple users can talk at the same time. This causes an added signal noise forcing all users to use more power, orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access uses bundling of multiple small frequency bands that are orthogonal to one another to provide for separation of users. The users are multiplexed in the domain by allocating specific sub-bands to individual users. This is often enhanced by also performing TDMA and changing the allocation periodically so that different users get different sub-bands at different times. For a classic example for understanding the difference of TDMA and CDMA. The room represents the available bandwidth, TDMA, A speaker takes turns talking to a listener, the speaker talks for a short time and then stops to let another couple talk. There is never more than one speaker talking in the room, the drawback is that it limits the practical number of discussions in the room. CDMA, any speaker can talk at any time, however uses a different language. Each listener can only understand the language of their partner, as more and more couples talk, the background noise gets louder, but because of the difference in languages, conversations do not mix
5.
GSM
–
As of 2014 it has become the de facto global standard for mobile communications – with over 90% market share, operating in over 219 countries and territories. This expanded over time to include communications, first by circuit-switched transport, then by packet data transport via GPRS. Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third-generation UMTS standards followed by fourth-generation LTE Advanced standards, GSM is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. It may also refer to the most common voice codec used, the decision to develop a continental standard eventually resulted in a unified, open, standard-based network which was larger than that in the United States. In February 1987 Europe produced the very first agreed GSM Technical Specification, the MoU drew-in mobile operators from across Europe to pledge to invest in new GSM networks to an ambitious common date. In 1989, the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, in parallel, France and Germany signed a joint development agreement in 1984 and were joined by Italy and the UK in 1986. In 1986 the European Commission proposed reserving the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM, the former Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri made the worlds first GSM call on July 1,1991, calling Kaarina Suonio using a network built by Telenokia and Siemens and operated by Radiolinja. In the following year,1992, saw the sending of the first short messaging service message, work began in 1991 to expand the GSM standard to the 1800 MHz frequency band and the first 1800 MHz network became operational in the UK by 1993 called and DCS1800. Also that year, Telecom Australia became the first network operator to deploy a GSM network outside Europe and the first practical hand-held GSM mobile phone became available. In 1995, fax, data and SMS messaging services were launched commercially, in the same year, the GSM Association formed. Pre-paid GSM SIM cards were launched in 1996 and worldwide GSM subscribers passed 100 million in 1998, in 2000 the first commercial GPRS services were launched and the first GPRS-compatible handsets became available for sale. In 2001 the first UMTS network was launched, a 3G technology that is not part of GSM, worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 500 million. In 2002 the first Multimedia Messaging Service were introduced and the first GSM network in the 800 MHz frequency band became operational, EDGE services first became operational in a network in 2003 and the number of worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded 1 billion in 2004. By 2005, GSM networks accounted for more than 75% of the cellular network market. In 2005 the first HSDPA-capable network also became operational, the first HSUPA network launched in 2007. Worldwide GSM subscribers exceeded three billion in 2008, GSM is a second-generation standard employing time-division multiple-Access spectrum-sharing, issued by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. GSM, for the first time, set a standard for Europe for wireless networks. It was also adopted by many countries outside Europe and this allowed subscribers to use other GSM networks that have roaming agreements with each other
6.
General Packet Radio Service
–
General Packet Radio Service is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication systems global system for mobile communications. GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute in response to the earlier CDPD and it is now maintained by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project. GPRS usage is typically charged based on volume of data transferred, contrasting with circuit switched data, sometimes billing time is broken down to every third of a minute. Usage above the cap is charged per megabyte, speed limited. In 2G systems, GPRS provides data rates of 56–114 kbit/second, 2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is sometimes described as 2. 5G, that is, a technology between the second and third generations of mobile telephony. It provides moderate-speed data transfer, by using unused time division multiple access channels in, for example, GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. The GPRS core network allows 2G, 3G and WCDMA mobile networks to transmit IP packets to external networks such as the Internet, the GPRS system is an integrated part of the GSM network switching subsystem. This is much faster using the ordinary SMS over GSM. GPRS supports the protocols, Internet Protocol. In practice, built-in mobile browsers use IPv4 since IPv6 was not yet popular, in this mode PPP is often not supported by the mobile phone operator but if the mobile is used as a modem to the connected computer, PPP is used to tunnel IP to the phone. This allows an IP address to be assigned dynamically to the mobile equipment and this is typically used for applications like wireless payment terminals, although it has been removed from the standard. When TCP/IP is used, each phone can have one or more IP addresses allocated, GPRS will store and forward the IP packets to the phone even during handover. The TCP handles any packet loss, devices supporting GPRS are divided into three classes, Class A Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service, using both at the same time. Such devices are known to be available today, Class B Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service, but using only one or the other at a given time. During GSM service, GPRS service is suspended, and then resumed automatically after the GSM service has concluded, most GPRS mobile devices are Class B. Class C Are connected to either GPRS service or GSM service, must be switched manually between one or the other service. A true Class A device may be required to transmit on two different frequencies at the time, and thus will need two radios. To get around this requirement, a GPRS mobile may implement the dual transfer mode feature
7.
Nokia 6070
–
The Nokia 6070 is a mobile phone made by Nokia. It operates on GSM tri band frequency 900,1800 and 1900 MHz and it is small in size with dimensions of 105.4 x 44.3 x 18.6 mm and weights 88 grams. It was released in the quarter of 2006. The phone runs using Nokia S40 second edition and this phones features include a VGA camera, FM radio and voice recording. bmp. jpg. gif. png. tiff Tones. nrt. mid. mp3. amr Video. 3gp Themes. nth Applications. Applications which have a size of 130-150kb can be installed via OTA download using GPRS, sometimes, when the phone is using GPRS and the memory is about to become full, the phone crashes and White Screen of Death appears. When accessing the text message inbox whilst receiving a message at the same time, the phone crashes. Several new Nokia phones in the use the same navigation key as in Nokia 6070 to presumably cut cost. Nokia 5070 Nokia 6080 Nokia Europe - Nokia 6070 http, //www. gsmarena. com/nokia_6070-1433. php
8.
Nokia 6230
–
The Nokia 6230 is a mobile phone based on the Nokia Series 40 platform. It was announced on 28 October 2003 and released in the first quarter of 2004 and it does not have built in music keys on the side but it is considered to be the third-loudest Nokia phone. Cingular Wireless was the primary GSM carrier that offered the Nokia 6230b in the United States, other companies such as Cincinnati Bell, Simmetry Communications, Viaero Wireless and Telcel also offered this model. It is also EGPRS capable of speeds up to 220 kbit/s, in addition, it has changeable Xpress-on covers available for purchase. It uses an Extended Li-Ion Battery of 850 mAh, the 6230 accepts MMC memory cards up to 4 GB in capacity formatted in FAT32 or FAT16 file systems on which multimedia files and data can be stored. It operates on either GSM 900/1800/1900 MHz, or GSM 850/1800/1900 MHz for the North American market and it was the first non-smartphone with an expandable memory card slot. It is also standard UMS compliant, i. e. no proprietary drivers are required to transfer data to and it weighs 99 g and the dimensions are 103 mm x 44 mm x 20 mm,76 cc. The BL-5C battery that comes standard with it will last about 150–300 hours and this model was available only in GSM 900/1800/1900 MHz, Nokia did not release an 850 MHz version for the North American market. The next model in the 623x series is the 3G GSM/WCDMA Nokia 6233, the graphical user interface was overhauled, and many of the icons featured on the 6230i are the same as those now used uniformly across almost all new Nokia phones. Notably, the icons on the Nokia 6230i are animated. The phone has seven built-in themes, and users can download more, in addition, users may customise the color of the borders, and the battery and signal bars. The operating system run more slowly than on the 6230. Nokia also removed several options from menus, such as, brightness control, and these changes have brought widespread complaints. The phone can automatically lock after a set time, starting from five seconds of no activity, in addition to the auto-lock, users can lock with a keyguard, which prevents unauthorised use of the phone. The code it uses is the security code. If the user gets this code wrong three time, the phone is locked out, whereby no-one can gain access for ten minutes, users can choose to protect their phone by enabling a PIN. When enabled, the phone will prompt users to type the PIN, users can also protect their SIM card, which is standard phone practice. The Nokia 6230i has organizing software, such as, calendar, alarm clock, to-do list, notes, the Wallet is a password protected area where users can store bank card details, tickets, receipts, and personal notes
9.
Nokia 6303 classic
–
The Nokia 6303 classic is a mobile telephone handset produced by Nokia in Hungary. The Nokia 6303 classic has been in production since the quarter of 2009. It is the successor to the Nokia 6300, the phone supports MicroSD cards up to 32 GB, meaning that the phone can be used practically as an MP3 player. Using the supplied and freely available Nokia PC Suite, one has the option of converting MP3s to e-AAC for more compression, the 3.5 mm headphone jack means that many standard commercial headsets will fit the phone. Like most other recent Nokia phones, the 6303 classic replaced their old Pop-Port connector for a standard micro-USB connector, the phone allows the user to view the video clips in full-screen landscape mode and set the fast-forward/rewind interval from a few seconds to minutes. Improved audio quality for music playback was also noted for this version, thus making the Nokia 6303 classic a music phone similar to its counterparts. In addition, video clips can replace ringtones so that a motion picture is shown while there is an incoming call. Nokia announced the i version of the 6303 classic phone in February 2010 which was released in March that year, the 3. 2-megapixel camera lacked autofocus and video recording was now done at 240×320 at 8 frames per second. It has been refreshed with a new UI and new graphics, the 6303i classic supports up to 8 GB MicroSD cards, supplied with 2 GB instead of 1 GB. The internal memory has also raised to 55 MB. The battery life has been enhanced to 515 hours of standby and 8 hours talk time and it now comes with 7 inbuilt games instead of four. The 6303i classic has faced negative reviews due to the camera downgrade, both models are available in the market. Although the 6303 classic has smartphone features, it is more user-friendly and it is aimed for users who want a reliable and stylish phone, used mostly for calling and texting
Media related to Nokia 6300 at Wikimedia Commons