Nong Bua Lam Phu is a town in Thailand, capital of Nong Bua Lamphu Province. It is on the central eastern border of the province, approximately 45 kilometers south-west of the city of Udon Thani and from there, accessed by route 210. The town lies 536 km north-north-east of Bangkok.

Nong Bua Lamphu is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat). It lies in upper northeastern Thailand, a region also known as Isan or Isaan. Neighbouring provinces are Udon Thani, Khon Kaen, and Loei. Nong Bua Lamphu is one of the eight quadruply-landlocked Thai provinces, as its neighboring provinces are triply-landlocked.