Northern War of 1655–1660
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The Northern War of 1655–1660 was fought between the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with participation at different times by Russia, Brandenburg-Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy,
From left to right: Battle of Warka Battle of Warsaw Unknown Polish–Swedish battle March Across the Belts Battle of the Sound Assault on Copenhagen
John II Casimir Vasa
Approximate extent of Swedish-occupied (light blue) and Russian-occupied (light green) Poland–Lithuania
George II Rákóczi
Deluge (history)
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The Deluge was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a stricter sense, the term refers to the Swedish invasion and occupation of the Commonwealth as
Northern War of 1655–1660
…and Denmark–Norway. It ended with the treaties of Copenhagen and Oliva in 1660. In 1655, Charles X took advantage of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) to over-run western Poland. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was annexed by Sweden, and John II Casimir Vasa took refuge in Vienna. He managed to regain parts of his…
Swedish Siege of Kraków in 1655
The Vow of John Casimir by Jan Matejko (1838–1893) shows the Polish king in Lwów in 1655, pledging to drive out the Swedes.
Battle of Warsaw in 1656
Transylvanian–Swedish Siege of Brest in 1657, painted by E. Dahlbergh