Northern War of 1655–1660
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The Northern War of 1655–1660 was fought between the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with participation at different times by Russia, Brandenburg-Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy,
From left to right: Battle of Warka Battle of Warsaw Unknown Polish–Swedish battle March Across the Belts Battle of the Sound Assault on Copenhagen
John II Casimir Vasa
Approximate extent of Swedish-occupied (light blue) and Russian-occupied (light green) Poland–Lithuania
George II Rákóczi
Charles X Gustav
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Charles X Gustav, also Carl X Gustav, was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death in 1660. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg, and Catherine of Sweden. After his f
Northern War of 1655–1660
…times by Russia, Brandenburg-Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and Denmark–Norway. It ended with the treaties of Copenhagen and Oliva in 1660. In 1655, Charles X took advantage of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) to over-run western Poland. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was annexed by Sweden, and John II Casimir…
Portrait by Sébastien Bourdon
Image of King Charles X Gustav on a wall of Stockholm Palace
Charles Gustav's parents, Count Palatine John Casimir and Princess Catherine
Medal for King Charles X Gustav and Queen Hedwig Eleonora