Northumberland County is a county located in the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 94,528, its county seat is Sunbury. The county was formed in 1772 from parts of Lancaster, Bedford and Northampton Counties and named for the county of Northumberland in northern England. Northumberland County is a fifth class county according to the Pennsylvania's County Code. Northumberland County comprises the Sunbury, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area, included in the Bloomsburg-Berwick-Sunbury, PA Combined Statistical Area. Among its famous residents, Joseph Priestley, the Enlightenment chemist and theologian, left England in 1796 due to religious persecution and settled on the Susquehanna River, his former house is a historical museum. Before European settlement the area was inhabited by the Akhrakouaeronon or Atrakouaehronon, a subtribe of the Susquehannock. By 1813 the area once comprising the sprawling county of Northumberland had been divided over time and allotted to other counties such that lands once occupied by Old Northumberland at its greatest extent are now found in Centre, Luzerne, Mifflin, Clearfield, Montour, Lackawanna, Wyoming, Potter, McKean, Venango and Schuylkill Counties.

According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 478 square miles, of which 458 square miles is land and 19 square miles is water; the county has a humid continental climate. Average temperatures in Sunbury range from 27.3 °F in January to 72.7 °F in July, while in Mount Carmel they range from 25.0 °F in January to 70.2 °F in July. The main river in Northumberland County is the Susquehanna River and the divergence of the 977 miles long river into its two branches of navigable river and former divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal System; the Susquehanna River's tributaries in the county include the West Branch Susquehanna River, Chillisquaque Creek, Shamokin Creek, the west flowing Mahanoy Creek, whose valley is a rail and road transportation corridor to Tamaqua and points thereafter either east, north, or south such that: east along rail or US 209 through Nesquehoning and historic Jim Thorpe. The county has mountains in the south and north, with the rest being rolling hills.

Lycoming County Montour County Columbia County Schuylkill County Dauphin County Perry County Juniata County Snyder County Union County As of the census of 2000, there were 94,556 people, 38,835 households, 25,592 families residing in the county. The population density was 206 people per square mile. There were 43,164 housing units at an average density of 94 per square mile; the racial makeup of the county was 97.09% White, 1.52% Black or African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.47% from other races, 0.58% from two or more races. 1.10% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32.5 % were of 12.9 % Polish, 9.9 % American, 8.2 % Italian, 8.1 % Irish and 5.8 % Dutch ancestry. 95.8 % spoke 1.5 % Spanish as their first language. There were 38,835 households out of which 27.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.40% were married couples living together, 9.60% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.10% were non-families.

30.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.50% had someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.89. In the county, the population was spread out with 21.90% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 24.40% from 45 to 64, 19.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males. Northumberland County's live birth rate was 1,167 births in 1990. Northumberland County's live birth rate in 2000 declined to 919 births, while in 2011 it was 961 babies. Over the past 50 years, rural Pennsylvania saw a steady decline in both the number and proportion of residents under 18 years old. In 1960, 1.06 million rural residents, or 35 percent of the rural population, were children. County poverty demographics According to research by The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, a legislative agency of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the poverty rate for Northumberland County was 15.9% in 2014.

The statewide poverty rate was 13.6% in 2014. The 2012 childhood poverty rate by school district was: Line Mountain School District - 38.4% living at 185% or below than the Federal Poverty Level, Milton Area School District - 51.9, Mount Carmel Area School District - 59.5%, Shikellamy School District - 45%, Shamokin Area School District - 59.5% and Warrior Run School District - 32.2%. According to the US Census Bureau, from 2009-2014 Northumberland County saw a 62% increase in the number of families in the federal food assistance program called SNAP; the number of people or families receiving monthly SNAP assistance dollars rose from 2,965 in 2009 to 4,814 people in 2014. Teen Preg

Harford County Public Library is a public library serving Harford County, Maryland. It has an administration and support services building; the library has an annual circulation of over 4 million materials and serves more than 174,000 registered borrowers. In June 1945, Harford County became the first county in Maryland to implement the new tax-supported Public Library Law. By January 1946, the first Harford County Board of Library Trustees was formed and the old Methodist Church Building on Main Street in Bel Air was bought to provide headquarters for the County library system. At this time work is being done to build a new Library facility in the City of Havre de Grace; the Harford County Public Library borrower's card is available to a person of any age. Included in the services and materials that the library offers to the community are: books, eBooks, sound recordings, audio books, eAudiobooks, magazines, video games, public meeting rooms, large-type books, DVDs, compact discs, STEM kits, puppets, oral history, copy machines, public access computer catalogs with printers, microfilm reader- printer and adult programs, information services, Internet access, health information, tax assistance, volunteer opportunities.

For this past fiscal year, HCPL reached the circulation of 4.1 million library items. The library has eleven service outlets, listed here by collection size. Bel Air Branch Library has been the largest branch in the system since its beginning in 1947; the building was constructed in 1960 and renovated and expanded in 1967. A second renovation and expansion occurred in 1998; the Children's Section was renovated in 2016. The Learning and Sharing Center collection is housed in Bel Air Branch.. Location: 100 E. Pennsylvania Avenue, Bel Air, MD 21014 Size: 50,000 sq ft. Collection: 255,277 as of 7/2008 Circulation FY 07 - 1,028,419 Meeting Room: 1,404 sq ft. Abingdon Branch Library opened May 17, 2004. Location: 2510 S. Tollgate Road, Bel Air, MD 21015 Size: 35,000 sq ft. Collection: 173,822 as of 7/2008 Circulation: FY07 - 879,818 Meeting Room: 1058 sq ft Aberdeen Branch Library opened in its present location in 1974. Location: 21 Franklin Street, Aberdeen, MD 21001 Size: 14,000 sq ft. Collection: 96,300 as of 7/2008 Circulation: FY 07 - 320,124 Meeting Room: 750 sq ft. Edgewood Branch Library opened in 1963 and was renovated and expanded in 1979.

A second renovation and expansion occurred in 2001. Location: 629 Edgewood Road, Edgewood, MD 21040Size: 16,500 sq ft. Collection: 92,168 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 248,445 Meeting Room: 720 sq ft. Fallston Branch Library opened in December 1984 as the Fallston/Jarrettsville Branch, now serving the Fallston area. Location: 1461 Fallston Road, Fallston, MD 21047Size: 13,400 sq ft Collection: 92,608 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 308,628 Meeting Room: 760 sq ft. Joppa Branch Library opened in 1980. Location: 655 Towne Center Drive, Joppa, MD 21085Size: 14,000 sq ft. Collection: 74,931 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 202,028 Meeting Room: 832 sq ft. Havre de Grace Branch Library opened in its present location in 1987 and was rebuilt in 2015. Location: 120 N. Union Avenue, Havre de Grace, MD 21078Size: 8,520 sq ft. Collection: 62,952 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 220,867 Meeting Room: 95 sq ft. Whiteford Branch Library opened on June 23, 1992 was renovated and expanded in 2010. Location: 2407 Whiteford Road, MD 21160Size: 7,300 sq ft.

Collections: 56,685 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 208,362 Meeting Room: 558 sq ft. Jarrettsville Branch Library opened May 1, 2006. Location: 3722 Norrisville Road, Jarrettsivlle, MD 21084Size: 14,000 sq ft. Collection: 67,992 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY07 - 282,345 Meeting Room: 1,036 sq ft. Norrisville Branch Library opened at its present location on February 1, 2003. Location: 5310 Norrisville Road, White Hall, MD 21161Size: 4,000 sq ft. Collection: 35,619 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 104,856 Meeting Room: 800 sq ft. shared with Parks and Recreation Darlington Branch Library moved to its present location in 1979. Location: 1134 Main Street, Darlington, MD 21034Size: 576 sq ft. Collection: 17,741 as of 7/2008Circulation: FY 07 - 51,500 Meeting Room: none The Rolling Reader is one of many outreach services the Library provides to Harford County residents; the Rolling Reader promotes reading for pleasure, visiting after school programs that target at-risk children in grades K through 8.

Service Began: January 2001FY07 Circulation: 4,075Collection Size: 9,688 as of 7/2008 The Silver Reader, a mobile library vehicle, will begin visiting Senior Centers, Senior Housing, Assisted Living Facilities and Nursing Homes throughout the county this spring. The vehicle is equipped with a lift so customers in wheelchairs will be able to board the vehicle and choose materials for themselves, with help from library staff if they like. At facilities where some customers may need more assistance, the Silver Reader staff can take materials inside for customers to review and check out. Service Began: March 2006Annual Circulation - 6,365 Collection Size: 4,695 as of 7/2008 FY07 Circulation: 18,825 Harford County Public Library

A VoIP phone or IP phone uses voice over IP technologies for placing and transmitting telephone calls over an IP network, such as the Internet, instead of the traditional public switched telephone network. Digital IP-based telephone service uses control protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol, Skinny Client Control Protocol or various other proprietary protocols. VoIP phones can be simple software-based softphones or purpose-built hardware devices that appear much like an ordinary telephone or a cordless phone. Traditional PSTN phones are used as VoIP phones with analog telephone adapters. A VoIP phone or application may have many features an analog phone doesn't support, such as e-mail-like IDs for contacts that may be easier to remember than names or phone numbers, or easy sharing of contact lists among multiple accounts; the features of VoIP phones follow those of Skype and other PC-based phone services, which have richer feature sets but latency-related audio problems. A competing view is that as mainstream operating systems become better at voice applications with appropriate Quality of Service guarantees and 5G handoff becomes available from outdoor wireless carriers and smartphones will become the dominant interfaces.

IPhone and the QNX OS used in 2012-and-later BlackBerry phones are capable of VoIP performance on small battery-charged devices. They typically support the USB but not Ethernet or Power over Ethernet interfaces, at least as of late 2011. According to this view, the smartphone becomes the dominant VoIP phone because it works both indoors and outdoors and shifts base stations/protocols to trade off access costs and call clarity and other factors personal to the user, the PoE/USB VoIP phone is thus the transitional device. A VoIP telephone consist of the software components; the software requires standard networking components such as a TCP/IP network stack, client implementation for DHCP, the Domain Name System. In addition, a VoIP signalling protocol stack, such as for the Session Initiation Protocol, H.323, Skinny Call Control Protocol, Skype, is needed. For media streams, the Real-time Transport Protocol is used in most VoIP systems. For voice and media encoding, a variety of coders are available, such as for audio: G.711, GSM, iLBC, Speex, G.729, G.722, G.722.2, other audio codecs, for video H.263, H.263+, H.264.

User interface software controls the operation of the hardware components, may respond to user actions with messages to a display screen. To enable the VoIP communications, the SIP/RTP packets should be utilised and STUN client would be the key component for VoIP communications with management of the SIP/RTP packets. A Session Traversal Utilities for NAT client is used on some SIP-based VoIP phones as firewalls on network interface sometimes block SIP/RTP packets; some special mechanism is required in this case to enable routing of SIP packets from one network to other. STUN is used in some of the sip phones to enable the SIP/RTP packets to cross boundaries of two different IP networks. A packet becomes unroutable between two sip elements if one of the networks uses private IP address range and other is in public IP address range. Stun is a mechanism to enable this border traversal. There are alternate mechanisms for traversal of NAT, STUN is just one of them. STUN or any other NAT traversal mechanism is not required when the two SIP phones connecting are routable from each other and no firewall exists in between.

DHCP client software simplifies connection of a device to an IP network. The software automatically configures the network and VoIP service parameters; the overall hardware may look like mobile phone. A VoIP phone has the following hardware components Speakerphone and a microphone Keypad or touchpad to enter phone number and text Display hardware to feedback user input and show caller-id/messages General-purpose macro processor to process application messages A voice engine or a digital signal processor to process RTP messages; some IC manufacturers provides GPP and DSP in single chip AD and DA converters: To convert voice to digital data and vice versa Ethernet or wireless network hardware to send and receive messages on data network Power source - a battery or DC/AC source. Analog telephone adapters provide an interface for traditional analog telephones to a voice-over-IP network, they connect to the Internet or local area network using an Ethernet port and have jacks that provide a standard RJ11interface for an analog local loop.

Another type of gateway device acts as a simple GSM base station and regular mobile phones can connect to this and make VoIP calls. While a license is required to run one of these in most countries these can be useful on ships or remote areas where a low-powered gateway transmitting on unused frequencies is to go unnoticed; some VoIP phones support PSTN phone lines directly. Caller ID display Call transfer and call hold Dialing using name/ID Locally stored and network-based directories Conference calling and multiparty calls Call park Call blocking feature. Support for multiple VoIP accounts – the phone may register with more than one VoIP server/provider. Accounts are set and memorized on the pho

Standing Room Only was a television programme on association football shown on British channel BBC2 in 1991. Standing Room Only was produced by the BBC's Youth and Entertainment Features department, at the time headed up by Janet Street-Porter, executive producer; the first series consisted of six episodes broadcast in BBC2's "Def II" slot. The host was Simon O'Brien but other people, including Shelley Webb, presented small sections of the programme; the format was magazine style mixing current news stories with comedy. Notably involved were comedians David Baddiel and Rob Newman who delivered weekly sketches under the banner of "Sepp Maier's Comedy Shorts", Rory Bremner who recorded comedy voices, Guardian cartoonist Steve Bell who drew a weekly graphic comic strip; the series was inspired by the growing mainstream interest in football and the popularity of so-called football fanzines magazines notably "When Saturday Comes" which offered the opinions of football fans themselves rather than professionals.

It had an informal style, with presenters standing near football grounds rather than sitting in a studio. In 1994, Baddiel would go on to co-host the hugely successful football series "Fantasy Football League" with fellow comedian Frank Skinner. One feature was the Supporterloo, a small trailer with little more than a camera and a seat shaped like a toilet, taken to different grounds around the UK. Members of the public were invited to give their views on their favourite team. On one occasion the Blackburn Rovers reserve goalkeeper Bobby Mimms sat inside and expressed his frustration on not playing for Rovers' first team; this list is ordered by the original air dates on BBC2 in the United Kingdom. Standing Room Only on IMDb British Film Institute

Kids for World Health aims to cover all aspects of the control and elimination of Sleeping Sickness, Buruli Ulcer, Chagas Disease, Leishmaniasis/Kala Azar. Kids For World Health's motto is "Life is important for all people, rich or poor." Kids for World Health was founded in 2001 at Chatsworth Avenue School, in Larchmont, New York by a 3rd grade class who were motivated after watching a CBS film from "60 Minutes" on the Southern Sudan Sleeping Sickness Program in 1994. In the beginning, the class of 18 wrote many letters to pharmaceutical companies, contacted the United Nations, contacted the World Health Organization, studied the research and materials from Doctors Without Borders, they met with the CEO of Bristol Meyers Squibb, scheduled a trip to Washington D. C. to lobby for African families to have access to drugs. KFWH Actions to date: Construction of the first KFWH Pediatric Wing in the region of Yei, Sudan servicing 90 villages. Funding of educational materials on prevention of Neglected Tropical Diseases for villagers in Tambora County, Sudan.

Construction of a equipped kitchen for a hospital in Yei, Sudan. Construction of an equipped laboratory within a clinic in Yei, Sudan. Funding for training of doctors and assistants in Lisbon, Portugal. Construction of a second KFWH Pediatric Wing in Duk County, Sudan servicing 150,000 villagers. Construction of a third KFWH Pediatric Wing in Kaliua, Tanzania servicing 250,000 villagers. Construction of a fourth KFWH Pediatric Wing at the Lwala Hospital in Otuboi Sub County, Uganda for the treatment of Sleeping Sickness and Malaria, servicing 25,000 villagers. Support of the John Bul Dau Clinic and KFWH Treatment Room in Duk County, Sudan for the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases; the official Kids for World Health website The official Kids for World Health Hike-a-Thon: Trek for Treatment website "Exhibits - Access EXPO in Washington, DC", "Neglected Diseases Kill 14 Million People A Year". Doctors without Borders with Kids for World Health at Washington D. C. Expo Photo Gallery of "Exhibits - Access EXPO in Washington, DC", "Neglected Diseases Kill 14 Million People A Year".

Doctors without Borders with Kids for World Health at Washington D. C. Expo "Local Kids Impact World Health: Expo Highlights Efforts" "Wake-up call: an alarming TV program about sleeping sickness spurred a group of students into action" "Murray Kids Learn:'You CAN make a difference'" "9th Graders Reach Out to Sudan, With Cash" "Kids for World Health Lobbies Congresswoman Lowey" "KFWH Trekkers Raise $4000 for African Clinic" "Mother Jackson & Kids for World Health Win MLKing Awards" "Stewart-Cousins to Address MLKing Celebration" "Help Haiti, Boost Human Rights: Twin Themes at MLK Event" "Third graders' cause grows into help for 1 million Africans"

Kerala Literature Festival, found in 2016, is an annual literary festival held in Kozhikode, India. KLF is organised by DC Kizhakemuri Foundation with support from Kozhikode Saamskaarika Vedhi and various other organizations; the first edition of the festival was held from 4–7 February 2016 in Kozhikode. Poet and former Secretary of Kendra Sahitya Akademi, Professor K. Satchidanandan, is its Director; the logo for the festival was designed by artist Riyas Komu. The four-day festival include debates and discussions, cultural activities and painting exhibitions, mini film fests and cookery show; the fifth edition of the festival wil be held at Kozhikode Beach. The registrations have begun from October 2019 for the four day event. Kerala Lit Fest is the second largest cultural gathering and the fastest growing literature festival in the continent. KLF brings readers and writers together for inspiration and discussion; every year, the festival presents an array of the best artists, celebrities, writers and activists closer to people by engaging in meaningful discussions on literature, cinema, dance, environment and technology.

Fireside chats at night with a plethora of the biggest acts and performing artists from around the world make up the cultural nights at KLF. Some of the speakers at the previous editions include Arundhati Roy, Richard Stallman, Noam Chomsky, Yuval Noah Harari, Romila Thapar, Ramachandra Guha, Shashi Tharoor, Rakesh Sharma, Rishi Kapoor, Chetan Bhagath, Karan Thapar, Rajdeep Sardesai, Sobhaa De and Sagarika Ghose. Apart from literature being the primary cynosure, the focus theme of KLF 2020 will be environment and climate change. KLF 2020 will see the country of Spain as the guest nation and the literature in focus will be Tamil. Prolific writers and performers from over 12 nations will be a part of the fifth edition of KLF. KLF remains open to the public, a non-exclusive and open platform for discussions and idea exchanges; the fourth edition of the festival was held at Kozhikode Beach. The third edition of the festival was held at Kozhikode Beach. KLF 2018 was inaugurated by MT Vasudevan Nair and Prakash Raj.

The event was ably supported by the Kerala State Government with the Kerala Tourism Department playing an active role in supporting and promoting the event. An event on such a great scale was made possible by the immense support received from the Kozhikode Municipal Corporation and the district administration; the Kochi Muziris Biennale was an integral part of the festival. 2018 saw KLF host over 400 literary luminaries from both national arena. Guest nation for the year was Ireland. Romila Thapar, Ashish Nandy, Sagarika Ghose, Rajdeep Sardesai, Noam Chomsky, Rishi Kapoor, Shani Prabhakar, are few of the names that graced the shores of KLF 2018; the second edition of Kerala Literature Festival held at Kozhikode Beach. Noted Malayalam short story writer and novelist Paul Zacharia inaugurated KLF 2017. Highlight of KLF 2017 was the interaction between Sadguru jaggi vasudev, Sashi Kumar and Manju Warrier. Cartoons of O. V. Vijayan were exhibited in 2017 Kerala Literature Festival. Over 300 writers from across the world took part in KLF 2017.

The writers from abroad include South African writer Ari Sitas, British-Pakistani writer Qaisra Shahraz, Slovene writer Evald Flisar and editor of numerous publications Alexandra Büchler of Literature Across Frontiers, Portuguese translator Bruno Viera Amaral and poet and literary curator Nia Davies from Wales, United Kingdom. The sessions held in four venues titled Ezhuthola, Aksharam and Vellithira; the second edition of the festival introduced a programme for students,'Student KLF', promoting knowledge, literature and culture. The event included open discussions with authors on contemporary topics; the Kerala Literary Festival was conceived as a platform meant for Malayalam writers, social worker and artists to meet and debate on various topics. The festival's 2016 Organizing Committee was headed by Mayor of Kozhikode V. K. C. Mammed Koya as chairman, Ravi Deecee as Chief Coordinator, A K Abdul Hakeem as General Convenor. At KLF 2016 writers and speakers included M T Vasudevan Nair, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Taslima Nasrin, Ashok Vajpeyi, Khadija Mumtaz, Indu Menon, M. Mukundan, Sarah Joseph, Githa Hariharan, Meena Kandasamy, Pratibha Ray, TD Ramakrishnan, T Padmanabhan, Subhash Chandran, Leena Manimekalai and Girish Kasaravalli, to name a few.

In 2016 writer M. Mukundan said at the festival that writer's freedom was limited in our society. "I was accused of misleading the younger generation through my novels. Is it because of my novels that Kerala is the biggest consumer of liquor now? Kerala Literature Festival