1.
Pasadena, California
–
Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
Pasadena, California
–
Pasadena City Hall
Pasadena, California
–
Pasadena, 1876
Pasadena, California
–
Hotel Green, 1900
Pasadena, California
–
Theme float "2010: A Cut Above the Rest" rolling down Colorado Boulevard during the parade
2.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
3.
Art museum
–
An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection, the term is used for both public galleries, which are non-profit or publicly owned museums that display selected collections of art. On the other hand, private galleries refers to the commercial enterprises for the sale of art, however, both types of gallery may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere. In broad terms, in North American usage, the word gallery alone often implies a private gallery, the term contemporary art gallery refers usually to a privately owned for-profit commercial gallery. These galleries are found clustered together in large urban centers. Smaller cities are home to at least one gallery, but they may also be found in towns or villages. Contemporary art galleries are open to the general public without charge, however. They usually profit by taking a portion of art sales, from 25% to 50% is typical, there are also many non-profit or collective galleries. Some galleries in cities like Tokyo charge the artists a flat rate per day, curators often create group shows that say something about a certain theme, trend in art, or group of associated artists. Galleries sometimes choose to represent artists exclusively, giving them the opportunity to show regularly, a gallerys definition can also include the artist cooperative or artist-run space, which often operates as a space with a more democratic mission and selection process. A vanity gallery is an art gallery that charges fees from artists in order to show their work, the shows are not legitimately curated and will frequently or usually include as many artists as possible. Most art professionals are able to identify them on an artists resume, University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art that are developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in both the West and East, making it a global practice, although largely overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in America alone. This number, in comparison to other kinds of art museums, throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions and monarchs and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces. Although these collections of art were private, they were made available for viewing for a portion of the public. In classical times, religious institutions began to function as a form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects often donated their collections to temples and it is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. At the Palace of Versailles, entrance was restricted to wearing the proper apparel – the appropriate accessories could be hired from shops outside
Art museum
–
The Louvre in
Paris,
France, is one of the world's largest museums and
the most visited art museum in the world.
Art museum
–
The Gallery of
Cornelis van der Geest,
Willem van Haecht, 1628. A private picture gallery as an early precursor of the modern museum.
Art museum
–
University of Tartu Art Museum is the oldest museum in
Estonia.
Art museum
–
The art collection at the
Palace of Versailles in
France was periodically open for 'respectable' public viewing.
4.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
–
A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
–
Flag
California
–
Mount Shasta
California
–
Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
5.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
6.
Europe
–
Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, yet the non-oceanic borders of Europe—a concept dating back to classical antiquity—are arbitrary. Europe covers about 10,180,000 square kilometres, or 2% of the Earths surface, politically, Europe is divided into about fifty sovereign states of which the Russian Federation is the largest and most populous, spanning 39% of the continent and comprising 15% of its population. Europe had a population of about 740 million as of 2015. Further from the sea, seasonal differences are more noticeable than close to the coast, Europe, in particular ancient Greece, was the birthplace of Western civilization. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the period, marked the end of ancient history. Renaissance humanism, exploration, art, and science led to the modern era, from the Age of Discovery onwards, Europe played a predominant role in global affairs. Between the 16th and 20th centuries, European powers controlled at times the Americas, most of Africa, Oceania. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century, gave rise to economic, cultural, and social change in Western Europe. During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the west and the Warsaw Pact in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 and fall of the Berlin Wall. In 1955, the Council of Europe was formed following a speech by Sir Winston Churchill and it includes all states except for Belarus, Kazakhstan and Vatican City. Further European integration by some states led to the formation of the European Union, the EU originated in Western Europe but has been expanding eastward since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. The European Anthem is Ode to Joy and states celebrate peace, in classical Greek mythology, Europa is the name of either a Phoenician princess or of a queen of Crete. The name contains the elements εὐρύς, wide, broad and ὤψ eye, broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion and the poetry devoted to it. For the second part also the divine attributes of grey-eyed Athena or ox-eyed Hera. The same naming motive according to cartographic convention appears in Greek Ανατολή, Martin Litchfield West stated that phonologically, the match between Europas name and any form of the Semitic word is very poor. Next to these there is also a Proto-Indo-European root *h1regʷos, meaning darkness. Most major world languages use words derived from Eurṓpē or Europa to refer to the continent, in some Turkic languages the originally Persian name Frangistan is used casually in referring to much of Europe, besides official names such as Avrupa or Evropa
Europe
–
Reconstruction of
Herodotus ' world map
Europe
Europe
–
A medieval
T and O map from 1472 showing the three continents as domains of the sons of
Noah — Asia to Sem (
Shem), Europe to Iafeth (
Japheth), and Africa to Cham (
Ham)
Europe
–
Early modern depiction of
Europa regina ('Queen Europe') and the mythical
Europa of the 8th century BC.
7.
Asia
–
Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres, about 30% of Earths total land area and 8. 7% of the Earths total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its large size and population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, the western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains, China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 A. D. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination, the Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, given its size and diversity, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity—may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography. Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties, the boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia, the border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. In Sweden, five years after Peters death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia, the Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg, the latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century, the border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, the border between Asia and the loosely defined region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the possessions of the various empires there. Lewis and Wigen assert, The narrowing of Southeast Asia to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process, Asia is larger and more culturally diverse than Europe. It does not exactly correspond to the borders of its various types of constituents. From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system on the grounds there is no or is no substantial physical separation between them
Asia
–
Two-point equidistant projection of Asia and surrounding landmasses.
Asia
–
Asia
Asia
–
The racial diversity of Asia's peoples,
Nordisk familjebok (1904)
Asia
–
Ptolemy's Asia
8.
Sculpture garden
–
A sculpture garden or sculpture park is an outdoor garden dedicated to the presentation of sculpture, usually several permanently sited works in durable materials in landscaped surroundings. A sculpture garden may be private, owned by a museum and accessible freely or for a fee, or public, some cities own large numbers of public sculptures, some of which they may present together in city parks. Exhibits range from individual, traditional sculptures to large site-specific installations, Sculpture gardens may also vary greatly in size and scope, either featuring the collected works of multiple artists, or the artwork of a single individual. Sculpture gardens have a long history around the world - the oldest known collection of constructions is a Neanderthal sculpture garden unearthed in Bruniquel Cave in France in 1990. Within the cave, broken stalagmites were arranged in a series of stacked or ring-like structures approximately 175,000 years ago, in the United States, the oldest public sculpture garden is a part of the joint park and wildlife preserve Brookgreen Gardens, located in South Carolina. The property was opened in 1932, and has since included on the National Register of Historic Places. Blázquez Abascal, Jimena, Valeria Varas, and Raúl Rispa, Sculpture Parks in Europe, A Guide to Art and Nature. Art Parks, A Tour of Americas Sculpture Parks and Gardens, ISBN 978-1616891299 Harper, Glenn, and Twylene Moyer, eds. Landscapes for Art, Contemporary Sculpture Parks, hamilton, NJ, ISC Press, and Seattle, University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0295988610 Media related to Sculpture parks at Wikimedia Commons
Sculpture garden
–
Eye, Tony Tasset, 2007. Laumeier Sculpture Park, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Sculpture garden
–
The Esplanade Ernest-Cormier, a sculpture garden in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, with
Melvin Charney 's work Colonnes allégoriques.
Sculpture garden
–
The
Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art sculpture garden, adjacent to
Laleh Park, Tehran, Iran.
Sculpture garden
–
Gardening
9.
Pasadena Tournament of Roses
–
The Rose Parade, also known as the Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Parade presented by Honda, is part of Americas New Year Celebration held in Pasadena, California each year on New Years Day. The parade includes flower-covered floats, marching bands, and equestrian units and is followed by the Rose Bowl college football game and it is produced by the nonprofit Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association. It is seen by millions more on television worldwide in more than 100 international territories and countries, the Rose Bowl is a college football game that was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of staging the parade. Since 2011, the parade has been sponsored by Honda, accordingly, the company has the parades first float, which like all floats, follows the parades theme. The 2017 parade featured 44 floats,19 equestrian units with approximately 400 horses, the Grand Marshals of the parade were Greg Louganis, Janet Evans and Allyson Felix. Members of Pasadenas Valley Hunt Club first staged the parade in 1890, since then the parade has been held in Pasadena every New Years Day, except when January 1 falls on a Sunday. In that case, it is held on the subsequent Monday and this exception was instituted in 1893, as organizers did not wish to disturb horses hitched outside Sunday church services. Many of the members of the Valley Hunt Club were former residents of the American East and Midwest and they wished to showcase their new California homes mild winter weather. At a club meeting, Professor Charles F, holder announced, In New York, people are buried in the snow. Here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear, lets hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise. So the club organized horse-drawn carriages covered in flowers, followed by foot races, polo matches, upon seeing the scores of flowers on display, the professor decided to suggest the name Tournament of Roses. Over the next few founding years, marching bands and motorized floats were added, by 1895, the event was too large for the Valley Hunt Club to handle, hence the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association was formed. Activities soon included ostrich races, bronco busting demonstrations, and an odd novelty race between a camel and an elephant, soon reviewing stands were built along the parade route and newspapers in Eastern Seaboard cities started to take notice of the event. Tournament House is the given the former home where the organization is headquartered. The first associated football game was played on January 1,1902, originally titled the Tournament East-West football game, it is considered to be the first Rose Bowl. The next game was not played until New Years Day 1916, the game derives its modern name from Rose Bowl Stadium, which was built for the 1923 game. In 2002 and 2006, the Granddaddy of em all was not held the day as the parade. Not all fans were pleased with the change, some thought the atmosphere, once the BCS title game was separated from the host bowl, it no longer affected the date of the Rose Bowl Game
Pasadena Tournament of Roses
–
Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association
Pasadena Tournament of Roses
–
Flowers on a 2009 Rose Parade
float
Pasadena Tournament of Roses
–
The Rose Garden at the Tournament House
Pasadena Tournament of Roses
–
1st Cavalry U.S. Army, Fort Hood, Texas, at the 2007 Rose Parade
10.
Rose Parade
–
The Rose Parade, also known as the Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Parade presented by Honda, is part of Americas New Year Celebration held in Pasadena, California each year on New Years Day. The parade includes flower-covered floats, marching bands, and equestrian units and is followed by the Rose Bowl college football game and it is produced by the nonprofit Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association. It is seen by millions more on television worldwide in more than 100 international territories and countries, the Rose Bowl is a college football game that was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of staging the parade. Since 2011, the parade has been sponsored by Honda, accordingly, the company has the parades first float, which like all floats, follows the parades theme. The 2017 parade featured 44 floats,19 equestrian units with approximately 400 horses, the Grand Marshals of the parade were Greg Louganis, Janet Evans and Allyson Felix. Members of Pasadenas Valley Hunt Club first staged the parade in 1890, since then the parade has been held in Pasadena every New Years Day, except when January 1 falls on a Sunday. In that case, it is held on the subsequent Monday and this exception was instituted in 1893, as organizers did not wish to disturb horses hitched outside Sunday church services. Many of the members of the Valley Hunt Club were former residents of the American East and Midwest and they wished to showcase their new California homes mild winter weather. At a club meeting, Professor Charles F, holder announced, In New York, people are buried in the snow. Here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear, lets hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise. So the club organized horse-drawn carriages covered in flowers, followed by foot races, polo matches, upon seeing the scores of flowers on display, the professor decided to suggest the name Tournament of Roses. Over the next few founding years, marching bands and motorized floats were added, by 1895, the event was too large for the Valley Hunt Club to handle, hence the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association was formed. Activities soon included ostrich races, bronco busting demonstrations, and an odd novelty race between a camel and an elephant, soon reviewing stands were built along the parade route and newspapers in Eastern Seaboard cities started to take notice of the event. Tournament House is the given the former home where the organization is headquartered. The first associated football game was played on January 1,1902, originally titled the Tournament East-West football game, it is considered to be the first Rose Bowl. The next game was not played until New Years Day 1916, the game derives its modern name from Rose Bowl Stadium, which was built for the 1923 game. In 2002 and 2006, the Granddaddy of em all was not held the day as the parade. Not all fans were pleased with the change, some thought the atmosphere, once the BCS title game was separated from the host bowl, it no longer affected the date of the Rose Bowl Game
Rose Parade
–
A float from the 2008 Rose Parade
Rose Parade
–
A Chariot Race during the 1908 or 1911 Tournament of Roses; later replaced by the Rose Bowl Game
Rose Parade
–
Tournament House
Rose Parade
–
A close-up of roses used to create a parade float
11.
Galka Scheyer
–
Galka Scheyer was a German-American painter, art dealer, art collector, and teacher. She was the founder of the Blue Four, an group that consisted of Lyonel Feininger, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee. By 1916, she was working as a painter in Brussels, Scheyers commitment to the Blue Four began in 1915, when she first saw the work of Russian artist Jawlensky in Lausanne, Switzerland. She organized his participation in a show at Nassauischer Kunstverein, Wiesbaden. That same year, on a trip to the Bauhaus in Weimar, Germany, Jawlensky introduced her to Feininger, Kandinsky and Klee, who were instructors at the avant-garde art school. From 1924 on, Scheyer represented the Blue Four in the United States, organizing the first American exhibition of their work at the Charles Daniel Gallery, New York, in 1925. The next year she travelled to the west coast and began arranging exhibits of work by the Blue Four, Scheyer initially settled in the Bay Area. In 1926 she was named the European representative of the Oakland Art Gallery and she also taught art at the Anna Head School in Berkeley in the 1920s. By 1930 she decided to move to Los Angeles, basing that decision on sales to the Arensbergs, in her promotional zeal, Scheyer even lent works by the Blue Four as props in movies. Scheyer had met architect Rudolph Schindler and lived briefly in his Kings Road House in 1931, Scheyers continuous efforts to promote the Blue Four widened the influence of European modernism in the United States. John Cage and Diego Rivera were among those introduced to the work of artists through Scheyer. Scheyer also posed for Jawlensky frequently, and in 1927, artist Lucretia Van Horn painted a portrait of Scheyer, Arensbergs donation required UCLA to provide a building for his collection within five years, Scheyer further stipulated that the university must publish a modest catalogue of her collection. When UCLA failed to meet the conditions, the Arensberg collection went to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the museums curator, John Coplans, regarded the Scheyer collection as its greatest cultural asset. Norton Simon took over the facility in 1974, a sampling of the Scheyer holding is frequently on view at the Norton Simon Museum. Simon fulfilled that obligation in 1976, confirming the ownership of the collection. But Simon, who had little interest in commissioning complete, scholarly studies of his holdings and her correspondence, the Galka Scheyer papers from 1917 to 1945, are part of the Archives of American Art. In 1960, the University Gallery at the University of Minnesota exhibited paintings, drawings, isabel Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer & Die Blaue Vier, Briefwechsel 1924–1945. Wabern, Bern 2006, ISBN 3-7165-1429-2 Vivian Endicott Barnett, Die Gründung der Blauen Vier und ihre Präsentation in New York 1924–1925
Galka Scheyer
–
Galka Scheyer with
Lyonel Feininger,
Wassily Kandinsky,
Paul Klee, and
Alexej Jawlensky. Collage on a newspaper page of the "
San Francisco Examiner " from November 1, 1925
12.
Pasadena Art Museum
–
The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California, United States. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum, the museum contains the Norton Simon Theater which shows film programs daily, and hosts lectures, symposia, and dance and musical performances year-round. The museum is located along the route of the Tournament of Rosess Rose Parade, the Museum filled a void, being the only modern art museum between San Francisco and La Jolla in California at the time. It was renowned for art exhibits and supported the work of local contemporary artists such as Helen Lundeberg, John McLaughlin. Hopps later drew up a short list of California architects for a new building, including Richard Neutra, Charles Eames, John Lautner, Craig Ellwood. Hopps insisted on an architect because he expected a high level of interaction throughout the design process. A new Pasadena Art Museum building was completed in 1969, designed by Pasadena architects Thornton Ladd, the distinctive and modern curvilinear exterior facade is faced in 115,000 glazed tiles, in varying rich brown tones with an undulating surface, made by renowned ceramic artisan Edith Heath. Hopps resigned before the museum opened, in the early 1970s, due to an ambitious schedule of exhibits and the new building project, the museum began to experience serious financial hardships. He was first approached for assistance in 1971 by trustees of the museum. In 1974, the museum and Simon came to an agreement, the remainder was used to display the Pasadena museums contemporary collection. A new 10-member board of trustees was formed, consisting of four members from Simons group, Simon also became responsible for the collection and building projects, in return the museum was renamed to Norton Simon Museum and renovated at a reported cost of more than $3 million. Simon died in 1993, and the actress Jennifer Jones, his widow and chairwoman of the board, made corrective, conciliatory moves that have repositioned the museum and its two collections. In 1995, the museum began a major $5 million renovation with the architect Frank Gehry, the gardens were redesigned by Power and Associates to house the 20th-century sculpture collection in an engaging setting. The new Norton Simon Theater was the element of the renovation, designed by Gensler & Associates. The Norton Simon Museum, which more than 11,000 objects. As of 2014, their public filings placed the combined value of the artworks at about $2.5 billion. The museum makes relatively little effort to expand the collection amassed by its founder, for more than three decades after it was founded in 1975, the Norton Simon Museum maintained a no-loans policy. In 2007 the board agreed to select works to museums including the National Gallery in Washington
Pasadena Art Museum
–
Norton Simon Museum
Pasadena Art Museum
–
The museum entrance hall
Pasadena Art Museum
–
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Adam and Eve (pair), c. 1530
Pasadena Art Museum
–
Rembrandt,
Self-portrait, c. 1640
13.
Grace Nicholson
–
Grace Nicholson was an American art collector and art dealer, specializing in Native American and Chinese handicrafts. The space she originally designed for her shop is now home to the USC Pacific Asia Museum in Pasadena, Grace Nicholson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, daughter of Franklin Nicholson and Rose Dennington Nicholson. Her father was an attorney, and her mother trained as an educator, Rose Nicholson died from complications following Graces birth, when Grace was a teen, her father also died, and she was sent to live with her paternal grandparents. They both died in 1901, leaving her an inheritance, Nicholson attended Philadelphia High School for Girls, graduating in the class of 1896. She briefly worked as a stenographer after high school, in 1901, using her inheritance, Nicholson moved to California, and soon opened a small shop in Pasadena, selling Native American handicrafts such as baskets and weaving. She hired crafters to teach traditional beadwork and other skills, she rented space to local artists and she traveled extensively in the rural western and Southwestern United States, worked with local dealers to build her collection, and corresponded with East Coast collectors to sell the objects. Nicholson acquired artifacts for sale, but also for major museums such as the Smithsonian Institution and she lectured about the Indian to churches and civic groups. In recognition of her expertise, Nicholson was elected to the American Anthropological Association in 1904, as a member of the Anthropological Society, she joined a tour group that visited horticulturist Luther Burbank in 1905, in Santa Rosa, California. In 1909, she was awarded a medal at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in Seattle, for a display of baskets. In 1924, she designed a new building for her collections, the architectural firm of Marston, Van Pelt & Maybury worked with Nicholson to realize her vision. Her design, nicknamed the Treasure House, borrowed elements from buildings she had seen in China, the building was opened as an art gallery and shop in 1925, although the interior garden courtyard was not completed until 1929. The Los Angeles Times regularly included Nicholsons gallery in listings of local art events and she hosted an especially eclectic display of European tapestries and Persian pottery in 1928. Her building was deeded to the City of Pasadena in 1943, Nicholson was an active charter member of the Zonta Club of Pasadena, and hosted meetings at her home, including a 1929 Christmas party attended by Amelia Earhart. Nicholsons papers and photographs were donated to the Huntington Library in 1968, Nicholsons 1925 building is now home to the USC Pacific Asia Museum. Much of her collection of artifacts was incorporated into the holdings of the Smithsonians National Museum of the American Indian. Another large collection of items purchased from Nicholson was bequeathed to the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey, a Grace Nicholson scholarship for women students who demonstrate artistic talent was established at Scripps College in 1951
Grace Nicholson
–
The Grace Nicholson Building in Pasadena, California, home of the
USC Pacific Asia Museum
14.
Pacific Asia Museum
–
USC Pacific Asia Museum is an Asian art museum located at 46 N. Los Robles Avenue, Pasadena, California, United States, the museum was founded in 1971 by the Pacificulture Foundation, which purchased “The Grace Nicholson Treasure House of Oriental Art” from the City of Pasadena. Grace Nicholson donated the structure to the city for art and cultural purposes in 1943 and was a dealer in Native American and, later, Asian art and it houses some 15,000 rare and representative examples of art from throughout Asia and the Pacific Islands. In 2013, the became part of the University of Southern California. The building is temporarily closed beginning June 27,2016 until mid-spring 2017 for a seismic retrofit, the building, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1926 and designed by the architectural firm of Marston, Van Pelt & Maybury. It is designed in the style of a Chinese imperial palace and features a courtyard with a garden, a small pool. US-China Today has an article and slide show on the exhibit and a video featuring the curator, china Modern, Designing Popular Culture 1910-1970 Japan in Blue and White Chinese garden - the museum courtyard official USC Pacific Asia Museum website
Pacific Asia Museum
–
USC Pacific Asia Museum
Pacific Asia Museum
–
Yaksha Kuber, USC Pacific Asia Museum
Pacific Asia Museum
–
USC Pacific Asia Museum, central courtyard with a garden, a small pool, and decorative carvings
Pacific Asia Museum
–
History
15.
San Francisco, California
–
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco, California
–
San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco, California
–
Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco, California
–
1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco, California
–
Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
16.
La Jolla, California
–
La Jolla is a hilly seaside community within the city of San Diego, California, United States occupying 7 miles of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean within the northern city limits. The population reported in the 2010 Census was 46,781, Local Native Americans, the Kumeyaay, called this location mat kulaaxuuy, lit. land of holes. The topographic feature that gave rise to the holes is uncertain, it probably refers to sea-level caves located on the north-facing bluffs. It is suggested that the Kumeyaay name for the area was transcribed by the Spanish settlers as La Jolla, an alternative, pseudo-etymological suggestion for the origin of the name is that it is an alternate spelling of the Spanish word la joya, which means the jewel. Despite being disputed by scholars, this derivation of the name has been cited in popular culture. That supposed origin gave rise to the nickname Jewel City, during the Mexican period of San Diegos history, La Jolla was mapped as pueblo land and contained about 60 lots. When California became a state in 1850, the La Jolla area was incorporated as part of the chartered City of San Diego, in 1870 Charles Dean acquired several of the pueblo lots and subdivided them into an area that became known as La Jolla Park. Dean was unable to develop the land and left San Diego in 1881, a real estate boom in the 1880s led speculators Frank T. Botsford and George W. Heald to further develop the sparsely settled area. In the 1890s the San Diego, Pacific Beach, and La Jolla Railway was built, La Jolla became known as a resort area. To attract visitors to the beach, the railway built facilities such as a bath house, visitors were housed in small cottages and bungalows above La Jolla Cove, as well as a temporary tent city, erected every summer. The La Jolla Park Hotel opened in 1893, the Hotel Cabrillo was built in 1908 by Squire James A. Wilson and was later incorporated into the La Valencia Hotel. By 1900, La Jolla comprised 100 buildings and 350 residents, the first reading room was built in 1898. A volunteer fire brigade was organized in 1907, the city of San Diego established a fire house in 1914. Livery stable owner Nathan Rannells served successively as La Jollas volunteer fire captain, first police officer, the Bishops School opened in 1909. La Jolla High School was established in 1922, the La Jolla Beach and Yacht Club was built in 1927. In 1896 journalist and publisher Ellen Browning Scripps settled in La Jolla and she was wealthy in her own right from her investments and writing, and she inherited a large sum from her brother George H. Scripps in 1900. Unmarried and childless, she devoted herself to philanthropic endeavors, particularly those benefiting her adopted home of La Jolla and she commissioned many of La Jollas most notable buildings, usually designed by Irving Gill or his nephew and partner Louis John Gill. Her donations also launched the Scripps Memorial Hospital in 1924, the Scripps Metabolic Clinic, Ellen Browning Scripps also founded Scripps College, a womens college, in 1926
La Jolla, California
–
Aerial photo of La Jolla
La Jolla, California
–
La Jolla, 1908
La Jolla, California
–
Scripps Institution of Oceanography pier
La Jolla, California
–
"Red Roost" and "Red Rest", two bungalow cottages built in 1894 on the road above
La Jolla Cove. In recent years the cottages have been covered in
tarpaulins.
17.
Helen Lundeberg
–
Helen Lundeberg was a Southern Californian painter. Along with her husband Lorser Feitelson, she is credited with establishing the Post-Surrealist movement and her artistic style changed over the course of her career, and has been described variously as Post-Surrealism, Hard-edge painting, and Subjective Classicism. Helen Lundeberg was born in Chicago in on June 24,1908, in 1912 her family moved to Pasadena, California. As a child, she was a student and an avid reader. Her intellectual aptitude earned her inclusion in a Stanford University study for brilliant children in the Los Angeles area, during her early adulthood, Lundebergs inclination was to become a writer. In 1930, Lundeberg graduated from Pasadena Junior College and she enrolled in art classes at the Stickney Memorial School of Art in Pasadena, where she met professor and fellow painter Lorser Feitelson. Feitelsons dynamic approach to composition and broad ranging interests in the art scene inspired Lundeberg. In the 1930s, Lundeberg was working in both the social realist and post-surrealist styles and she first exhibited at the Fine Arts Gallery in San Diego in 1931, when she showed her painting Apple Harvesters. In 1933 had her first solo show at the Stanley Rose Gallery in Los Angeles and she and Feitelson married that same year. Together in 1934, Feitelson and Lundeberg founded Subjective Classicism, which became known as Post Surrealism. Using her painting Plant and Animal Analogies as a case study, Post Surrealism represented the first concentrated response in the US to European Surrealism. Unlike their European counterparts, American Post-Surrealist artists did not rely on random dream imagery, instead, carefully planned subjects were used to guide the viewer through the painting, gradually revealing a deeper meaning. This method of working appealed to Lundebergs highly intellectual sensibilities and her engagement with surrealism is present, to varying degrees, in her work throughout the rest of her career. From 1936 to 1942, Lundeberg was employed by the Works Progress Administrations Federal Art Project, for which she produced lithographs, easel paintings, and murals in the Los Angeles area. Working in oil paint and with a team of four assistants and these murals were removed from the building in the 1970s and are now considered lost. In 1941, the WPA commissioned Lundeberg to paint a mural at the Fullerton City Hall, Lundebergs mural, History of California, covered three walls of the city council chambers with scenes ranging from the arrival of Spanish explorers to the rise of Hollywood. When the building was converted into police headquarters, the mural was painted over, also under the auspices of the WPA, Lundeberg completed the mural History of Transportation near the southern border of Edward Vincent, Jr. Park in Inglewood, California. This 8 foot high,241 foot long, mural is made of petrachrome and it includes images of people from all walks of life employing various means of transportation from carriages and steam trains to automobiles and airplanes
Helen Lundeberg
–
Helen Lundeberg, Portrait of Inez, 1933. Oil on celotex.
Helen Lundeberg
–
Helen Lundeberg, Untitled, 1963. Oil on canvas.
18.
John McLaughlin (artist)
–
John Dwyer McLaughlin was a highly pivotal and significant American abstract painter. Based primarily in California, he was a pioneer in minimalism and he aimed to create paintings devoid of any object hood including but not limited to a gestures, representations, figuration, and so on. This led him to the rectangle, leveraging a technique of layering rectangular bars on adjacent planes, McLaughlin creates works that provoke introspection and, consequently, a greater understanding of one’s relationship to nature. Christopher Knight affirms McLaughlin is among the most profound avant-garde painters to work in the United States in the aftermath of the cataclysm that was World War II, in the wake of the Holocaust and Hiroshima, those artists stared straight into the void. Void is not an abyss of social and spiritual terror in which interior narratives of worldly experience can be told, instead, his is the negative space that allows consciousness to blossom and manifest itself. Their art is about inviting us into their deep perception, while his is about inviting us into our own, mcLaughlin’s void is ma, the poetic space and interval between things that animate Japanese art. John McLaughlin was born in Sharon, Massachusetts and his father was a Massachusetts Superior Court judge and he had six siblings. His parents instilled in him an interest in art, most specifically Asian art, McLaughlin served in both World Wars. His service in the United States Navy during World War I spanned from 1917 to 1921, in 1928 he married Florence Emerson, a grandniece of Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1935 they moved to Japan, where McLaughlin studied the art, when they returned to Boston in 1938, they opened The Tokaido, Inc. an art gallery which specialized in Japanese prints and other Asian items. After studying Japanese at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, he served the United States Marine Corps in World War II as a translator, later in the war, he worked in U. S. Army Intelligence as a translator in Japan, India, China and Burma. In 1945 he was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service, McLaughlin had begun painting during the 1930s, relatively late in life. He was self-taught, without receiving formal artistic training and his fondness for Asian art and his travels in that part of the world influenced his artistic style. He settled in Dana Point, California in 1946 and began painting full-time, a few of his earliest paintings were still lifes and landscapes, but the remainder of his pieces were abstracts. During this time period, he was one of just a few American artists creating abstracts, McLaughlins work is characterized by a simplicity expressed as precise geometric forms, usually rectangles. His experiences in Asia were very important in developing his style, Zen masters taught that spaces between objects could be more important than the objects themselves in facilitating meditation. The work of Kazimir Malevich and Piet Mondrian also strongly influenced McLaughlin and he wrote, With respect to my direct influences I must stress my interest in 15th and 16th century Japanese painters. From 1952 onward, he ceased using curves in his work, paintings from his later period show increasing simplification of form and color palette
John McLaughlin (artist)
–
John McLaughlin, 1963
John McLaughlin (artist)
–
#17, 1966, oil on canvas,
Smithsonian American Art Museum
19.
Sam Francis
–
Samuel Lewis Francis was an American painter and printmaker. Sam Francis was born in San Mateo, California, the son of Katherine Lewis Francis and Samuel Augustus Francis, Sr. The 1935 death of his mother, who had encouraged his interest in music affected him deeply, Francis served in the United States Air Force during World War II before being injured during test flight maneuvers. He was in the hospital for years, and it was while there, after being visited by artist David Park in 1945. Once out of the hospital he returned to Berkeley, this time to study art and he received both his BA degree and MA degree from University of California, Berkeley, where he studied botany, medicine and psychology. Francis was initially influenced by the work of abstract expressionists such as Mark Rothko, Arshile Gorky and he spent the 1950s in Paris, having his first exhibition there at the Galerie Nina Dausset in 1952. While in Paris he became associated with Tachisme, and had his work championed by art critics Michel Tapié, between 1950 and 1958 Francis spent time and painted in Paris, the south of France, Tokyo, Mexico City, Bern and New York. His artistic development was affected by his exposure to French modern painting, Asian culture, after his 1953 painting Big Red was included in the 1956 exhibition Twelve Artists at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, Francis began a rapid rise to international prominence. Francis painted large murals for the Kunsthalle, Basel in 1956-8 and for the Chase Manhattan Bank, between 1960 and 1963 he created several series of works, including the Blue Balls series. Consisting of biomorphic predominantly blue forms and drips, these works referenced the pain that resulted from the tuberculosis that he suffered in 1961. Francis returned to California during the 1960s and continued painting, mainly in Los Angeles, in 1965 Francis started a series of paintings that featured large areas of open canvas, minimal color and strong line. His work evolved further after he began intensive Jungian analysis with Dr. James Kirsch in 1971 and began paying attention to his dreams. Francis works of the early 1970s have been referred to as Fresh Air pictures, created by adding pools, drips and splatters of color to wet bands of paint applied with a roller, these works re-asserted the artists interest in color. By 1973–4 many of Francis paintings featured a grid or matrix made up of crossing tracks of color. Many of these works were large in scale, measuring up to twenty feet long. After 1980 the formal structure of the grid gradually disappeared from Francis work and he was extremely active as a printmaker, creating numerous etchings, lithographs and monotypes, many of which were executed in Santa Monica at the Litho Shop, which Francis owned. In 1984 Francis founded The Lapis Press with the goal of producing unusual and he died in Santa Monica and was buried in Olema, in Marin County, California. Sam Francis was married five times, and was the father of four children and he was married from 1947 through 1952 to Vera Miller, a high school girlfriend, then to California painter Muriel Goodwin then to Japanese painter Teruko Yokoi with whom he had a daughter, Kayo
Sam Francis
–
Sam Francis in 1968
Sam Francis
–
Black and Red, oil on canvas 1950–1953,
Honolulu Museum of Art © Sam Francis Foundation, California/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
20.
New Painting of Common Objects
–
The exhibition New Painting of Common Objects at the Pasadena Art Museum in 1962 was the first museum survey of American pop art. The eight artists included were, Roy Lichtenstein, Jim Dine, Andy Warhol, Phillip Hefferton, Robert Dowd, Edward Ruscha, Joe Goode and Wayne Thiebaud. It was curated by Walter Hopps, who had given Andy Warhol his first solo show at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles the previous year. The show helped the pop art movement gain critical acceptance, preceding the Guggenheim Museums 1963 pop art exhibition Six Painters, the artists came from different backgrounds. Thiebaud was a teacher at the University of California at Davis, Lichtenstein, Hefferton and Dowd had previously worked in the Abstract Expressionist style. Dine had been associated with Happenings in New York, Warhol had been a successful commercial artist. The youngest members of the group, old highschool friends Ruscha and Goode, had recently left art school and were supporting themselves with graphic design work, in particular, Ruscha worked as a layout artist for the Carson-Roberts Advertising Agency in Los Angeles
New Painting of Common Objects
–
Poster for the exhibition.
21.
Marcel Duchamp
–
Duchamp has had an immense impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art. By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his artists as retinal art. Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind, Marcel Duchamp was born at Blainville-Crevon in Normandy, France, and grew up in a family that enjoyed cultural activities. The art of painter and engraver Émile Frédéric Nicolle, his grandfather, filled the house, and the family liked to play chess, read books, paint. Of Eugene and Lucie Duchamps seven children, one died as an infant, Marcel Duchamp was the brother of, Jacques Villon, painter, printmaker Raymond Duchamp-Villon, sculptor Suzanne Duchamp-Crotti, painter. At 8 years old, Duchamp followed in his brothers footsteps when he left home and began schooling at the Lycée Pierre-Corneille, two other students in his class also became well-known artists and lasting friends, Robert Antoine Pinchon and Pierre Dumont. For the next 8 years, he was locked into a regime which focused on intellectual development. Though he was not a student, his best subject was mathematics. He also won a prize for drawing in 1903, and at his commencement in 1904 he won a coveted first prize and he learned academic drawing from a teacher who unsuccessfully attempted to protect his students from Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and other avant-garde influences. However, Duchamps true artistic mentor at the time was his brother Jacques Villon, whose fluid, at 14, his first serious art attempts were drawings and watercolors depicting his sister Suzanne in various poses and activities. That summer he painted landscapes in an Impressionist style using oils. Duchamps early art works align with Post-Impressionist styles and he experimented with classical techniques and subjects. He studied art at the Académie Julian from 1904 to 1905, during this time Duchamp drew and sold cartoons which reflected his ribald humor. Many of the drawings use verbal puns, visual puns, or both, such play with words and symbols engaged his imagination for the rest of his life. In 1905, he began his military service with the 39th Infantry Regiment. There he learned typography and printing processes—skills he would use in his later work, due to his eldest brother Jacques membership in the prestigious Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture Duchamps work was exhibited in the 1908 Salon dAutomne. The following year his work was featured in the Salon des Indépendants, of Duchamps pieces in the show, critic Guillaume Apollinaire—who was to become a friend—criticized what he called Duchamps very ugly nudes. The group came to be known as the Puteaux Group, or the Section dOr, uninterested in the Cubists seriousness or in their focus on visual matters, Duchamp did not join in discussions of Cubist theory, and gained a reputation of being shy
Marcel Duchamp
–
Portrait of Marcel Duchamp, 1920-21, by
Man Ray, Yale University Art Gallery
Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp
–
Three Duchamp brothers, left to right: Marcel Duchamp,
Jacques Villon, and
Raymond Duchamp-Villon in the garden of Jacques Villon's studio in Puteaux, France, 1914, (
Smithsonian Institution collections.)
Marcel Duchamp
22.
Kurt Schwitters
–
Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters was a German artist who was born in Hanover, Germany. He is most famous for his collages, called Merz Pictures, Kurt Schwitters was born on 20 June 1887 in Hanover, at Rumannstraße No.2, now, No. 8, the child of Eduard Schwitters and his wife Henriette. His father was proprietor of a clothes shop. In 1893, the moved to Waldstraße 5, future site of the Merzbau. In 1901, Schwitters suffered his first epileptic seizure, a condition that would exempt him from service in World War I until late in the war. After studying art at the Dresden Academy alongside Otto Dix and George Grosz, 1909–15, Schwitters returned to Hanover, in 1911 he took part in his first exhibition, in Hanover. As the First World War progressed his work became darker, gradually developing a distinctive expressionist tone, Schwitters spent the last one-and-half years of the war working as a drafter in a factory just outside Hanover. He was conscripted into the 73rd Hanoverian Regiment in March 1917, by his own account, his time as a draftsman influenced his later work, and inspired him to depict machines as metaphors of human activity. In the war I discovered my love for the wheel and realized that machines are abstractions of the human spirit and he married his cousin Helma Fischer on 5 October 1915. In 1918, his art was to change dramatically as a consequence of Germanys economic, political. In the war, things were in terrible turmoil, what I had learned at the academy was of no use to me and the useful new ideas were still unready. Everything had broken down and new things had to be out of the fragments. It was like a revolution within me, not as it was, Schwitters was to come into contact with Herwarth Walden after exhibiting expressionist paintings at the Hanover Secession in February 1918. He showed two Abstraktionen at Waldens gallery Der Sturm, in Berlin, in June 1918 and this resulted in meetings with members of the Berlin Avant-garde, including Raoul Hausmann, Hannah Höch, and Hans Arp in the autumn of 1918. The night he introduced himself in the Café des Westens, im a painter, he said, and I nail my pictures together. Schwitters asked to join Berlin Dada either in late 1918 or early 1919, Hausmanns anecdote about Schwitters asking to join Berlin Dada is, however, somewhat dubious, for there is well-documented evidence that Schwitters and Huelsenbeck were on amicable terms at first. When they first met in 1919, Huelsenbeck was enthusiastic about Schwitters’s work and promised his assistance, when Huelsenbeck visited him at the end of the year, Schwitters gave him a lithograph and though their friendship was by now strained, Huelsenbeck wrote him a conciliatory note
Kurt Schwitters
–
Kurt Schwitters, London 1944
Kurt Schwitters
–
Das Undbild, 1919, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
Kurt Schwitters
–
Cover of Anna Blume, Dichtungen, 1919
Kurt Schwitters
–
Untitled (Oval Construction), c.1925, Yale University Art Gallery
23.
Joseph Cornell
–
Joseph Cornell was an American artist and sculptor, one of the pioneers and most celebrated exponents of assemblage. Influenced by the Surrealists, he was also an experimental filmmaker. He was largely self-taught in his efforts, and improvised his own original style incorporating cast-off. He lived most of his life in relative isolation, cared for his parents and his disabled brother at home. Joseph Cornell was born in Nyack, New York, to Joseph Cornell, a designer and merchant of textiles, and Helen TenBroeck Storms Cornell. The Cornells had four children, Joseph, Elizabeth, Helen, both parents came from socially prominent families of Dutch ancestry, long-established in New York State. Cornells father died in 1917, leaving the family in strained circumstances, following the elder Cornells death, his wife and children moved to the borough of Queens in New York City. Cornell attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in the class of 1921, aside from the period he spent at the academy in Andover, Cornell never traveled beyond the New York City area. This led him to himself and become a self-taught artist. Although he expressed attraction to women like Lauren Bacall, his shyness made romantic relationships almost impossible. In later life his bashfulness verged toward reclusiveness, and he left the state of New York. However, he preferred talking with women, and often made their husbands wait in the room when he discussed business with them. He also had friendships with ballerinas, who found him unique. He devoted his life to caring for his younger brother Robert, who was disabled and lived with cerebral palsy, at some point in the 1920s, or possibly earlier, he read the writings of Mary Baker Eddy, including Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. Cornell considered Eddys works to be among the most important books published after the Bible. Christian Science belief and practice informed Cornells art deeply, as art historian Sandra Leonard Starr has shown and he was also rather poor for most of his life, working during the 1920s as a wholesale fabric salesman to support his family. As a result of the American Great Depression, Cornell lost his textile industry job in 1931, during this time, through her friendship with Ethel Traphagen, Cornells mother secured him a part-time position designing textiles. In the 1940s, Cornell also worked in a plant nursery and briefly in a plant, and designed covers and feature layouts for Harpers Bazaar, View, Dance Index
Joseph Cornell
–
Cornell in 1971
Joseph Cornell
–
Joseph Cornell Untitled (Dieppe) c. 1958,
Museum of Modern Art, (New York City).
24.
Richard Neutra
–
Richard Joseph Neutra was an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for the majority of his career in Southern California, Neutra was born in Leopoldstadt, the 2nd district of Vienna, Austria Hungary, on April 8,1892 into a wealthy Jewish family. His Jewish-Hungarian father Samuel Neutra was a proprietor of a metal foundry, Richard had two brothers who also emigrated to the United States, and a sister who married in Vienna. Neutra attended the Sophiengymnasium in Vienna until 1910, and he studied under Adolf Loos at the Vienna University of Technology and he was a student of Max Fabiani and Karl Mayreder. In 1912 he undertook a trip to Italy and Balkans with Ernst Ludwig Freud. In June 1914, Neutras studies were interrupted when he was ordered to Trebinje and he took a leave in 1917 to return to the Technische Hochschule to take his final examinations. After World War I Neutra went to Switzerland where he worked with the landscape architect Gustav Ammann, in 1921 he served briefly as city architect in the German town of Luckenwalde, and later in the same year he joined the office of Erich Mendelsohn in Berlin. Neutra contributed to the competition entry for a new commercial centre for Haifa, Palestine. He married Dione Niedermann, the daughter of an architect, in 1922 and they had three sons, Frank L, Dion an architect and his fathers partner and Raymond Richard a physician and environmental epidemiologist. Neutra moved to the United States by 1923 and became a citizen in 1929. In California, he celebrated for rigorously geometric but airy structures that symbolized a West Coast variation on the mid-century modern residence. Clients included Edgar J. Kaufmann, Galka Scheyer, and Walter Conrad Arensberg, in the early 1930s, Neutras Los Angeles practice trained several young architects who went on to independent success, including Gregory Ain, Harwell Hamilton Harris, and Raphael Soriano. In 1932, he tried to move to the Soviet Union, to design workers housing that could be easily constructed. In 1932, Neutra was included in the seminal MoMA exhibition on architecture, curated by Philip Johnson. In 1949 Neutra formed a partnership with Robert E. Alexander that lasted until 1958, in 1955, the United States Department of State commissioned Neutra to design a new embassy in Karachi. In 1965 Neutra formed a partnership with his son Dion Neutra, between 1960 and 1970, Neutra created eight villas in Europe, four in Switzerland, three in Germany, and one in France. Prominent clients in this period included Gerd Bucerius, publisher of Die Zeit, Neutra died in Wuppertal, Germany, on April 16,1970, at the age of 78. Neutra sometimes used detailed questionnaires to discover his clients needs, much to their surprise and his domestic architecture was a blend of art, landscape, and practical comfort
Richard Neutra
–
Richard Neutra
Richard Neutra
–
Miller House, Palm Springs
Richard Neutra
–
Cyclorama Building, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Richard Neutra
–
Jardinette Apartments, Hollywood
25.
Charles Eames
–
Among their most well-known designs is the Eames Lounge Chair. They also worked in the fields of industrial and graphic design, fine art, Charles Ormond Eames, Jr, was an American designer, architect and film maker. Along with his wife Ray Kaiser Eames he is responsible for groundbreaking contributions in the field of architecture, furniture design, industrial design, manufacturing and he briefly studied architecture at Washington University in St. Louis on an architecture scholarship. After two years of study, he left the university, many sources claim that he was dismissed for his advocacy of Frank Lloyd Wright and his interest in modern architects. The university reportedly dropped him because of his too modern views, other sources, less frequently cited, note that while a student, Charles Eames also was employed as an architect at the firm of Trueblood and Graf. The demands on his time from this employment and from his classes led to sleep-deprivation, while at Washington University, he met his first wife, Catherine Woermann, whom he married in 1929. A year later, they had a daughter, Lucia Jenkins, in 1930, Charles began his own architectural practice in St. Louis with partner Charles Gray. They were later joined by a partner, Walter Pauley. Charles Eames was greatly influenced by the Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen, in order to apply for the Architecture and Urban Planning Program, Eames defined an area of focus—the St. Louis waterfront. Together with Eero Saarinen he designed prize-winning furniture for New Yorks Museum of Modern Art Organic Design in Home Furnishings competition, in 1941, Charles and Catherine divorced, and he married his Cranbrook colleague Bernice Kaiser, who was born in Sacramento, California. He then moved with her to Los Angeles, California, where they worked and lived until their deaths. In the late 1940s, as part of the Arts & Architecture magazines Case Study program, Charles Eames died of a heart attack on August 21,1978 while on a consulting trip in his native Saint Louis, and was buried in the Calvary Cemetery there. He now has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame, in 1970 and 1971, Charles Eames gave the Charles Eliot Norton Lectures at Harvard University. He related the progression of design and its process where the leaf is transformed into something fantastically ornate. Ray-Bernice Alexandra Kaiser Eames was an American artist, designer, along with her husband Charles Eames she is responsible for groundbreaking contributions in the field of architecture, furniture design, industrial design, manufacturing and the photographic arts. She was born in Sacramento, California to Alexander and Edna Burr Kaiser and she spent her early childhood years with her parents in their apartment, and then moved to a bungalow outside of the town. Her parents taught her the quality of enjoyment which later led to inventions in furniture design and her parents also instilled the value of enjoyment of nature. She was a founder of the American Abstract Artists group in 1936, one of her paintings is in the permanent collection of The Whitney Museum of American Art
Charles Eames
–
Charles and Ray leaving Los Angeles with the Films for the 1959
American National Exhibition in Moscow
Charles Eames
–
Eames Lounge (670) and Ottoman (671) circa 1956
Charles Eames
–
Eames House entry (
Case Study House #8)
Charles Eames
–
House Of Cards, German edition
26.
John Lautner
–
John Edward Lautner was an American architect. Following an apprenticeship in the mid 1930s with Frank Lloyd Wright, Lautner opened his own practice in 1938, Lautner practiced primarily in California, and the majority of his works were residential. Lautner was born in Marquette, Michigan, in 1911 and was of mixed Austrian and his father, John Edward Lautner, who migrated from Germany ca. 1870, was self-educated, but gained a place at the University of Michigan as an adult and then studied philosophy in Göttingen, Leipzig, Geneva and Paris. In 1901, he was appointed as head of French and German at the recently founded Marquette Northern State Normal School and his mother, Vida Cathleen Gallagher, was an interior designer and an accomplished painter. The Lautners were keenly interested in art and architecture and in May 1918, their Marquette home Keepsake, designed by Joy Wheeler Dow, was featured in the magazine The American Architect. A crucial early influence in Lautners life was the construction of the familys summer cabin, Midgaard. The Lautners designed and built the cabin themselves and his mother designed and painted all the interior details and he furthered his studies in Boston, Massachusetts and New York City. In 1933, Lautner graduated with a degree in Liberal Arts, in April 1933, after reading the autobiography of Frank Lloyd Wright, Vida Lautner approached the architect, who had recently launched his apprenticeship program at Taliesin. From 1933 to 1939, he worked and studied under Wright at the studios in Wisconsin, Lautner progressed rapidly under Wrights mentorship. The following year, he was assigned to what became a two-year project supervising a Wright-designed house in Marquette for MaryBuds mother and they worked together on around eleven Los Angeles projects over the next five years and their association continued sporadically. The Lautners arrived in Los Angeles in March 1938 and their first child Karol was born in May. In September 1938, Wright contacted him and this led to Lautners supervision of a series of Los Angeles domestic projects, during this period, Lautner worked with Wright on the designs of the Sturges House in Brentwood Heights, California and on the unbuilt Jester House. In the meantime, the Bell and Green projects had both stalled due to rising costs, the Greens canceled, but Wright gave the Bell commission to Lautner. He was also engaged to supervise the Mauer house when the Mauers dismissed Wright for failing to deliver the working drawings in time and this was beset by many problems. A Lautner-designed retreat for Obolers wife was eventually built and this also marked the end of his professional association with Frank Lloyd Wright. In 1944, Lautner pursued joint ventures with architects Samuel Reisbord, Lautner left the Honnold practice in 1947, primarily because he had begun a relationship with Honnolds wife Elizabeth Gilman. He separated from MaryBud and moved into the Honnold residence at 1818 El Cerrito Place and he embarked on a string of significant design projects including the Carling Residence, the Desert Hot Springs Motel, the Gantvoort Residence and Henrys Restaurant in Glendale
John Lautner
–
Sheats Apartments ("L'Horizon"), Los Angeles (1949)
John Lautner
–
Malin Residence ("The Chemosphere"), Los Angeles (1960)
John Lautner
–
Silvertop
John Lautner
–
Goldstein House
27.
Craig Ellwood
–
Craig Ellwood was an influential Los Angeles-based modernist architect whose career spanned the early 1950s through the mid-1970s. Although untrained as an architect, Ellwood fashioned a persona and career through equal parts of a talent for good design and he was recognized professionally for fusing of the formalism of Mies van der Rohe with the informal style of California modernism. Ellwood was born Jon Nelson Burke in Clarendon, Texas, along with many others in the 1920s, Ellwoods family moved west, following U. S. Route 66, finally settling in Los Angeles in 1937. There, Ellwood, as Johnnie Burke, attended Belmont High School, in 1942, Ellwood and his brother Cleve both joined the U. S. Army Air Corps. Ellwood served as a B-24 radio operator, based with Cleve in Victorville, after his discharge, Burke returned to Los Angeles and set up a company with his brother Cleve and two friends from the war, the Marzicola brothers, one of whom had a contractors license. The four men called their firm Craig Ellwood after a store called Lords. Burke later legally changed his name to Ellwood, in 1948, he joined the firm Lamport Cofer Salzman as a construction cost estimator, having acquired this skill during his work for the Craig Ellwood Company. Ellwood also studied structural engineering through UCLA extension night school for five years and he became increasingly involved in design and architecture, resulting in Ellwoods first commissions, all for residences. Ellwood established Craig Ellwood Design in 1951, early projects included Case Study House 16 in 1952. Though Ellwoods office expanded with the size and number of his commissions, as published in the 1976, the Art Center building is recognized as the work of Craig Ellwood Associates, with James Tyler as design architect and Stephen Woolley as project architect. Some sources have sought to re-credit this building solely to Tyler, the practice closed in 1977 and Ellwood retired to Italy to focus on painting and restoring a farm house near Ambra, Italy. Elwoods first wife was Faith Irene Walker, known as Bobbie, in 1949 Ellwood married actress Gloria Henry. The union produced three children Jeffrey, Adam, and Erin Ellwood, before the couple divorcing, in 1977. He then married Anita Eubank to live in Perigee, Valdarno, after divorcing Eubank, he and his fourth wife, Leslie Hyland Ellwood, had a daughter, Caitlin Emily Ellwood. Craig Ellwood stated his philosophy in the March 1976 issue of L. A. Architect, The essence of architecture is the interrelation and interaction of mass, space. The purpose of architecture is to enrich the joy and drama of living, the spirit of architecture is its truthfulness to itself, its clarity and logic with respect to its materials and structure. Building comes of age when it expresses its epoch, the constant change in technology demands a continuously maturing expression of itself. When technology reaches its fulfillment in perfect equilibrium with function, there is a transcendence into architecture, the truth about truth is it is – waiting for us to discover it
Craig Ellwood
–
"Bridge Building" at
Art Center College of Design in
Pasadena
28.
Edith Heath
–
Edith Kiertzner Heath was an American studio potter but soon became involved in the design and production of pottery and tableware on a far larger scale than that of most studio potters. In 1948, Edith founded Heath Ceramics, Edith Kierzner was born May 24,1911, in Ida Grove, Iowa, forty miles east of Sioux City, Iowa, to Danish immigrants Nils and Karoline Kierzner. In 1931, Edith enrolled at the Chicago Normal School, later renamed Chicago Teachers College and she enrolled part-time at the Art Institute of Chicago after graduation taking her first ceramic course. In 1938, Edith married Brian Heath, relocating to San Francisco, Edith accepted a position as an art teacher at the Presidio Hill School and audited classes at the California School of Fine Arts. She developed a body in these classes which she adapted many times for her production work. Not being able to have as much access to the pottery equipment, in 1943, she studied eutectics with Willard Kahn through the University of California extension courses. Form also played an important role in Ediths work, beyond her obvious attraction to the science of her craft was her search for useful shapes that appealed to her modern sensibilities. Her pottery was a balance of hand-built and hand-thrown work. The pieces tended towards simplicity, in 1944, her first major show was at the California Palace of the Legion of Honor. She also participated in the Syracuse Ceramic Nationals 11 to 15, a buyer from San Francisco retailer Gumps approached Edith to supply their store with her high quality hand-thrown pottery using the companys pottery studio. She accepted the opportunity, while continuing to work in her own studio and she became convinced of the opportunities that studio potters had if they would undertake production work to fill the wartime import void. In 1947, Edith began to design and execute a limited production of her pottery. Major retailers began to order Ediths tableware, and in 1948 she opened Heath Ceramics in Sausalito, by 1949, Heath ceramics was producing 100,000 pieces of ware a year. Heath Ceramics was purchased by Robin Petravic and Catherine Bailey in 2003, Edith Heath died on December 27,2005 at her home in Tiburon, California. Edith Heaths Coupe line remains in demand and has been in constant production since 1948, with changes to the texture. Other Heath pottery lines include Rim, designed in 1960, and Plaza, the Pasadena Art Museum, now the Norton Simon Museum, in Pasadena, California and designed by Pasadena architects Thornton Ladd and John Kelsey of the firm Ladd + Kelsey used the architectural tiles. The distinctive and modern curvilinear exterior facade is faced in 115,000 glazed tiles, in varying rich brown tones with an undulating surface and they are part of the backdrop many see when viewing the New Years Rose Parade on television. Heath Ceramics, The Complexity of Simplicity, chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco ISBN 0-8118-5560-0 Heath Ceramics
Edith Heath
–
Edith Heath ceramic canister.
29.
Norton Simon
–
Norton Winfred Simon, was an American millionaire industrialist and philanthropist based in California. His significant art collection is housed in the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, born into a successful Jewish family in Portland, Oregon, he attended high school in San Francisco, graduating in 1924. At his fathers insistence, in 1925 he enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley and he enjoyed early success and invested $7000 in 1927 in an orange juice bottling plant in Fullerton, California which was insolvent and renamed it Val Vita Food Products Company. He soon added other fruit and vegetables to the product lines, as one of the first of his significant corporate moves, Simon sold Val Vita to Hunts Foods in return for a controlling interest in the combined business. By 1943 he changed the name to Hunts Foods and ran it with strict cost-controls. During and after World War II, Simon focused on product visibility, uncharacteristically for a food company at the time, he acquired full page advertisements in Vogue and Life magazines with full-color photos of Hunts ketchup bottles and tomato sauce cans. His aggressive advertising ensured the companys slogan Hunt for the best was prominent and his marketing strategy worked, and by 1945 Hunt Foods became a household name and one of the largest food processing businesses on the West Coast. Hunts is now part of ConAgra Foods, Inc, many of these businesses had extensive interests outside the United States. Norton Simon Inc. was later acquired by Esmark in 1983, Beatrice was sold to ConAgra in 1990. Simon accumulated a significant private art collection included works of the Impressionists, Old Masters, modern. Scholars including the critic Clement Greenberg and the Metropolitan Museum of Art curator Theodore Rousseau studied the Duveen purchases for Simon and were able to identify numerous misattributions. Simon ended up selling much of the collection and only kept around 130 objects, primarily paintings, a handful of sculpture, a few porcelains, however, his collection holds three autograph Rembrandt paintings, considered highly important works of Rembrandt in Southern California. Simon served as a trustee of the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science and Art, in 1972, Simon bought a tenth-century South Indian bronze Nataraja, or dancing Shiva, from New York dealer Ben Heller for $900,000. The Indian government declared that the statue had been stolen from a temple in Tamil Nadu, although Simon was quoted as saying that he had knowingly bought smuggled art he vehemently denied the quote, declaring that the work had been legally imported into the United States. In the same Los Angeles Times article, he stated, “As a collector deeply and emotionally involved in art, in exchange, the Indian government agreed that Simon could keep and display the bronze in his museum for nine years before its return. Seeking a permanent home for his collection of over 4,000 objects and he ultimately assumed control and naming rights, and in 1974 it was renamed the Norton Simon Museum. The plan was to keep most of collection in Pasadena, administered by UCLA, the Simon board, the university was to build a separate museum facility on campus for part of the collection. However, Simon withdrew his offer three months after the announcement was made, in 1969, his son Robert Simon committed suicide
Norton Simon
–
Workers at Val Vita, which later became
Hunt Foods, in
Fullerton, California (c.1940)
Norton Simon
30.
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
–
The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles is a contemporary art museum with three locations in greater Los Angeles, California. The main branch is located on Grand Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, MOCAs original space, initially intended as a temporary exhibit space while the main facility was built, is now known as the Geffen Contemporary, in the Little Tokyo district of downtown Los Angeles. The Pacific Design Center facility is in West Hollywood, the museums exhibits consist primarily of American and European contemporary art created after 1940. Since the museums inception, MOCAs programming has been defined by its approach to contemporary art. Throughout the evening, Weisman passionately discussed the citys need for an art museum. In the following weeks, the Mayors Museum Advisory Committee was organized, the committee, led by William A. Norris, set about creating a museum from scratch, including locating funds, trustees, directors, curators, a gallery, and most importantly an art collection. The following year, the fledgling Museum of Contemporary Art was operating out of an office on Boyd Street, many of MOCAs initial donors were young and supporting the arts for the first time, a substantial number joined up at the $10,000 founder minimum. Making up well over 90% of the works, gifts from several major private collectors form the cornerstones of MOCAs permanent collection of nearly 6,000 works. Much of it has come from members who donated or bequeathed key works or entire collections. In 1985, the museum accepted Michael Heizers earthwork Double Negative in Nevada desert, in 1991, Hollywood screenwriter Scott Spiegel donated works by Jean-Michel Basquiat, Mark Innerst, Robert Longo, Susan Rothenberg, David Salle, among others. Over the years, major donations of art collections have come from the Lannan Foundation, in 2000, MOCA received gifts from artists themselves, including major pieces by sculptor and performance artist Paul McCarthy, video artist Doug Aitken and photographer Andreas Gursky. Los Angeles-based artist Ed Moses made a gift of his work to the museum in 1995. As the Los Angeles Times declared, There isn’t a city in America—not New York, not Chicago, not Houston, not San Francisco—where a more impressive museum collection of contemporary art can be seen. Art as Object, 1958-1968, Reconsidering the Object of Art, 1965-1975, Hall of Mirrors, Art and Film since 1945, Out of Actions, Between Performance and the Object, 1949-1979, WACK. Art and the Feminist Revolution, Art in the Streets, Under the Big Black Sun, California Art 1974–1981, and Ends of the Earth, Land Art to 1974. The museum also organized the first major museum retrospectives of the work of Allen Ruppersberg, John Baldessari, Ad Reinhardt, Jeff Wall, Barbara Kruger, and Takashi Murakami. In addition there were also monographic shows like an ambitious installation by Robert Gober in 1997, of all solo shows on view over the period between January 2008 and December 2012, only about 28% were devoted to female artists. Besides artists retrospectives and art historical investigations, under chief curator Paul Schimmel, public Offerings, in 2001, explored the phenomenon of youthful creative energy in an overheated art world where stars are created before they leave art school
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
–
The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
–
MOCA Grand Avenue
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
–
MOCA downtown buildings and Mark Thompson's Airplane Parts sculpture
Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
–
MOCA at the
Pacific Design Center
,_Norton_Simon_Museum.jpg)
