1.
Notre Dame, Indiana
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Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U. S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges, the University of Notre Dame, Saint Marys College, and Holy Cross College, Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973, Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation, Notre Dame, Indiana is also the home of three major headquarters of Holy Cross religious communities. On the campus of Saint Marys College the Sisters of the Holy Cross have their Congregational Administration, as unincorporated communities do not have a municipal government, Notre Dame, Indianas government entities are the United States post office and the colleges police forces. All colleges and universities in Indiana are entitled to an independent police force by law, a post office has been in operation at Notre Dame since 1851. The United States Postal Service Notre Dame Post Office is located in the southwest corner of Hammes Mowbray Hall, Notre Dame is in the South Bend Community School Corporation. The school corporation serves Village Apartments, the designated University of Notre Dame housing unit for students with dependent children, Village Apartments is assigned to schools based on its University Village Drive location, Darden Primary, Tarkington Traditional Elementary, Clay Intermediate, and Clay High School
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
University of Notre Dame
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The University of Notre Dame du Lac is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means Our Lady of the Lake and refers to the patron saint. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the Word of Life mural. The school was founded on November 26,1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, Today, many Holy Cross priests continue to work for the university, including the president of the university. Notre Dame is a large, four-year, highly residential research university, undergraduate students are organized into four colleges, and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize, the university offers over 50 foreign study abroad yearlong programs and over 15 summer programs. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the universitys 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events, the university counts approximately 120,000 alumni. The universitys athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish, other ND sport teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous, started as a small all-male institution in 1842 and charter in 1844, Notre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of the 20th century. Ever since, the University has seen growth, and under the leadership of the next two presidents, Rev. Malloy and Rev. Jenkins, many infrastructure and research expansions have been completed. In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26,1842 and he soon erected additional buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus, Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15,1844. Under the charter the school is named the University of Notre Dame du Lac. Because the university was only for male students, the female-only Saint Marys College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844. The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849, the university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them
4.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
5.
FieldTurf
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FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface. It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett Inc. headquartered in Calhoun, Georgia, in the late 1990s, the artificial surface changed the industry with a design intended to replicate real grass. The new system quickly began taking market share from AstroTurf, and is now the leader in the industry, the surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing. The infill is composed of a layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber. The fibers are meant to replicate blades of grass, while the acts as a cushion. This cushion is intended to improve safety when compared to earlier artificial surfaces and allows players to plant, each square foot of turf contains approximately 3 kg of sand and 1.5 kg of cryogenic rubber. FieldTurf does not use shock absorbency pads below its infill, the backing of the turf is a combination of woven and non-woven polypropylene. These materials are permeable and allow water to drain through the backing itself, jean Prévost bought the patent of the FieldTurf product in 1988 and originally named his Montreal-based company SynTenni Co. a name which would eventually be dropped in favor of FieldTurf Inc. In 1995, John Gilman, a former Canadian Football League player and coach, in 1997, FieldTurf made its first major installation for a professional team, at the training facility for the English Premierships Middlesbrough F. C. As of 2012, FieldTurf has installed over 7000 athletic fields, in 2005, French flooring manufacturer and minority shareholder Tarkett increased its share in FieldTurf, which led to the integration of the two companies. FieldTurf is now a part of the Tarkett Sports division, part of the holding company Tarkett SA, the FieldTurf head corporate office is located in Calhoun, Georgia. In May 2010, FieldTurf acquired EasyTurf of San Diego, California, by late 2016, press reports were describing the companys product as defective. A number of agencies in New Jersey had joined together to file a lawsuit against the firm. The suits allege that the DuraSpine product it sold was inferior, internal company documents showed the company knew its sales claims were false. There is evidence showing higher player injury on artificial turf, in a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009. the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a significantly higher than on grass. There are conflicting studies of the safety of FieldTurf, a five-year study funded by FieldTurf and published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found that injury rates for high school sports were similar on natural grass and synthetic turf
6.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
7.
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
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The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is coached by Brian Kelly. The team plays its games at the campuss Notre Dame Stadium. One of the most iconic and successful programs in sports, have 13 national championships recognized by the NCAA. With 486 players selected, Notre Dame is second to USC in the number of players chosen by NFL teams in the draft, all Notre Dame home games have been televised on NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout and these factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, allowing them to remain independent of a conference. Football did not have a beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23,1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8–0 and their first win came in the final game of the 1888 season when the Irish defeated Harvard Prep by a score of 20–0. At the end of the 1888 season they had a record of 1–3 with all three losses being at the hands of Michigan by a score of 43–9. Between 1887 and 1899 Notre Dame compiled a record of 31 wins,15 losses, in 1908, the win over Franklin saw end Fay Wood catch the first touchdown pass in Notre Dame history. By the end of the 1912 season they had amassed a record of 108 wins,31 losses, jesse Harper became head coach in 1913 and remained so until he retired in 1917. During his tenure the Irish began playing only intercollegiate games and posted a record of 34 wins, five losses and this period would also mark the beginning of the rivalry with Army and the continuation of rivalries with Michigan State. In 1913, Notre Dame burst into the consciousness and helped to transform the collegiate game in a single contest. In an effort to respect for a regionally successful but small-time Midwestern football program, Harper scheduled games in his first season with national powerhouses Texas, Penn State. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the Black Knights of the Hudson 35–13 in a game played at West Point and this game has been miscredited as the invention of the forward pass. Knute Rockne became head coach in 1918, under Rockne, the Irish would post a record of 105 wins,12 losses, and five ties. During his 13 years the Irish won three championships, had five undefeated seasons, won the Rose Bowl in 1925, and produced players such as George Gipp. Knute Rockne has the highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I/FBS football history, Rocknes offenses employed the Notre Dame Box and his defenses ran a 7–2–2 scheme
8.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
9.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
10.
Stadium
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Pausanias noted that for about half a century the only event at the ancient Greek Olympic festival was the race that comprised one length of the stade at Olympia, where the word stadium originated. In modern times, a stadium is officially a stadium when at least 50% of the capacity is an actual building. If the majority of the capacity is formed by grasshills, the venue is not officially considered a stadium. Most of the stadiums with a capacity of at least 10,000 are used for football, or soccer. A large amount of sports venues are also used for concerts. Stadium is the Latin form of the Greek word stadion, a measure of length equalling the length of 600 human feet, as feet are of variable length the exact length of a stadion depends on the exact length adopted for 1 foot at a given place and time. Although in modern terms 1 stadion =600 ft, in a historical context it may actually signify a length up to 15% larger or smaller. The equivalent Roman measure, the stadium, had a similar length — about 185 m -, the English use of stadium comes from the tiered infrastructure surrounding a Roman track of such length. Most dictionaries provide for both stadiums and stadia as valid English plurals, although etymological purists sometimes apply stadia only to measures of length in excess of 1 stadium. The oldest known stadium is the one in Olympia, in the western Peloponnese, Greece, initially the Games consisted of a single event, a sprint along the length of the stadium. The stadion, a measure of length, may be related to the Stadium, Greek and Roman stadiums have been found in numerous ancient cities, perhaps the most famous being the Stadium of Domitian, in Rome. The excavated and refurbished ancient Panathenaic stadium hosted a version of the Olympic Games in 1870,1875,1896 and 1906. The excavation and refurbishment of the stadium was part of the legacy of the Greek national benefactor Evangelos Zappas, the first stadiums to be built in the modern era were basic facilities, designed for the single purpose of fitting as many spectators in as possible. One such early stadium was the Lansdowne Road Stadium, the brainchild of Henry Dunlop, banned from locating sporting events at Trinity College, Dunlop built the stadium in 1872. Some 300 cartloads of soil from a trench beneath the railway were used to raise the ground, other early stadiums from this period in the UK include the Stamford Bridge stadium and Anfield stadium. In the U. S. However, many of these caught fire. All of the 19th-century wooden parks were replaced, some only a few years. Goodison Park was the first purpose-built football stadium in the world, walton-based building firm Kelly brothers were instructed to erect two uncovered stands that could each accommodate 4,000 spectators
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Indiana
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Indiana /ɪndiˈænə/ is a U. S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U. S. state on December 11,1816, before becoming a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Indiana has an economy with a gross state product of $298 billion in 2012. Indiana has several areas with populations greater than 100,000. The states name means Land of the Indians, or simply Indian Land and it also stems from Indianas territorial history. On May 7,1800, the United States Congress passed legislation to divide the Northwest Territory into two areas and named the section the Indiana Territory. In 1816, when Congress passed an Enabling Act to begin the process of establishing statehood for Indiana, a resident of Indiana is officially known as a Hoosier. The first inhabitants in what is now Indiana were the Paleo-Indians, divided into small groups, the Paleo-Indians were nomads who hunted large game such as mastodons. They created stone tools made out of chert by chipping, knapping and flaking, the Archaic period, which began between 5000 and 4000 BC, covered the next phase of indigenous culture. The people developed new tools as well as techniques to cook food, such new tools included different types of spear points and knives, with various forms of notches. They made ground-stone tools such as axes, woodworking tools. During the latter part of the period, they built mounds and middens. The Archaic period ended at about 1500 BC, although some Archaic people lived until 700 BC, afterward, the Woodland period took place in Indiana, where various new cultural attributes appeared. During this period, the people created ceramics and pottery, an early Woodland period group named the Adena people had elegant burial rituals, featuring log tombs beneath earth mounds. In the middle portion of the Woodland period, the Hopewell people began developing long-range trade of goods, nearing the end of the stage, the people developed highly productive cultivation and adaptation of agriculture, growing such crops as corn and squash. The Woodland period ended around 1000 AD, the Mississippian culture emerged, lasting from 1000 until the 15th century, shortly before the arrival of Europeans. During this stage, the people created large urban settlements designed according to their cosmology, with mounds and plazas defining ceremonial
12.
1997 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 1997 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Bob Davie and played its games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. Despite having a new coach, the Irish had high expectations before the 1997 season, the Irish began the Davie era at home, playing Georgia Tech in the newly renovated Notre Dame Stadium. The Irish christened the stadium with a win over the Yellow Jackets that was sparked by a renewed running game. With the close win, the Irish showed their weakness and dropped a spot in the national ranking, the next week, at Purdue, though the Irish had 457 total yards, they only managed 17 points. With key mistakes on offense and a defense, the Irish lost 28–17. With losses against Michigan State, at Michigan, and at Stanford, offensive coordinator, Jim Colletto, took most of the flak for the struggles. The Irish looked to be getting back on track with a trip to face Pittsburgh, with a slight quarterback controversy, the Irish next faced Boston College. Though backup quarterback Jarious Jackson played 21 downs, Powlus led the Irish with 267 passing yards to rout the Eagles, with a last minute win over Navy the next week, the Irish moved to 4–5 and would need to win their final three games to become bowl eligible. The Irish next went to Louisiana State University to face the 11th ranked Tigers. Looked to be outmatched, the Irish didnt commit a penalty all game, had no turnovers, the Irish then faced 22nd ranked West Virginia for their final home game. With the game tied late in the quarter, Powlus led the Irish on a drive that was capped by his final touchdown pass at Notre Dame Stadium for the game-winning touchdown. Once again facing LSU in Louisiana, this time with the Tigers ranked 15th, LSU dominated on offense, though the Irish finished with a loss, the 7–6 record was the biggest Irish turn around in team history. By the end of the season, Powlus set a single season Irish record for pass attempts, cornerback Allen Rossum, who also served as the Irish kick returner, set an NCAA single season record with nine returns for touchdowns. He would also leave Notre Dame with the Irish all-time leading kick return average, autry Densons 1268 rushing yards were fourth in the Irish single season record and moved him to third on the Irish all-time list in career rushing yards
13.
2014 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 2014 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Brian Kelly and played its games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. Notre Dames defense suffered significant injuries and yielded over 41 points per game over six games. For the first time in history, the Irish gave up thirty points or more in seven consecutive contests. Despite the disappointing season the Irish finished on a note, upsetting the heavily favored LSU Tigers in the Music City Bowl. Kicker Kyle Brindza kicked the winning field goal as time expired. This was the first win by Notre Dame over a Southeastern Conference team since beating the University of Tennessee Volunteers in 2005 and this is also Notre Dames first win over a ranked opponent in a bowl game since 1993, where they defeated #6 Texas A&M. The Fighting Irish finished the 2013 regular season with an 8-4 record and they beat the Rutgers Scarlet Knights 29-16 in the 2013 Pinstripe Bowl. On April 4,2014, sophomore cornerback Rashad Kinlaw was dismissed from the due to violation of team rules. He subsequently left the university following his dismissal from the football program, cody Riggs, a defensive back at Florida, announced he would transfer to Notre Dame in June after he received his degree in May 2014. He would be enrolled in a graduate studies program while exhausting his final season of eligibility, chuck Martin left to become the head coach of the Miami RedHawks. Bob Diaco departed to become the coach of the Connecticut Huskies. Brian VanGorder, formerly the coach of the NFLs New York Jets, was hired to be the new defensive coordinator. Matt LaFleur, formerly the coach of the NFLs Washington Redskins, was hired to be the new quarterbacks coach. Mike Denbrock was promoted to offensive coordinator, filling the left by Martin. Brian Kelly received 23 commitments in his fourth full recruiting class including two five-stars, linebacker Nyles Morgan and offensive tackle Quenton Nelson, the class included student-athletes from 14 states. The roster is current as of October 8,2014, in what looks to be the final meeting between Notre Dame and Michigan, Notre Dame defeated Michigan, 31–0, giving the Irish their most lopsided win against the Wolverines. The game ended Michigans NCAA record of games without being shut out
14.
Cartier Field
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Cartier Field was a stadium in Notre Dame, Indiana. It hosted the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team from 1900 to 1928, the stands were torn down after the 1928 season to make room for Notre Dame Stadium, which opened in 1930. Notre Dame played its entire 1929 schedule away from campus, but nevertheless went 9-0, at Coach Knute Rocknes insistence, Cartier Fields grass was transplanted into Notre Dame Stadium. For more than 30 years after the team moved out, Cartier Field remained the home of Notre Dames baseball and track. In 1962, the original Cartier Field was replaced by a quadrangle adjoining the Memorial Library, which opened in 1963, and a new facility named Cartier Field was opened east of Notre Dame Stadium. Since 2008, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team has held outdoor practices at the LaBar Football Practice Fields, and indoor practices at Meyo Field in the Loftus Center. It was named after Warren A. Cartier, an 1887 civil engineering graduate and former member of the team who purchased 10 acres. He also paid for furnishing the lumber required to enclose the Field with fencing and furnished the lumber required for a grandstand
15.
Knute Rockne
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Knute Kenneth Rockne was a Norwegian-American football player and coach at the University of Notre Dame. Rockne is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame identifies him as without question, Rockne helped to popularize the forward pass and made the Notre Dame Fighting Irish a major factor in college football. Knute Rockne was born Knut Larsen Rokne in Voss, Norway, to smith and wagonmaker Lars Knutson Rokne and his wife and he emigrated with his parents at five years old to Chicago. He grew up in the Logan Square area of Chicago, on the northwest side of the city, Rockne learned to play football in his neighborhood and later played end in a local group called the Logan Square Tigers. He attended North West Division High School in Chicago, playing football, after Rockne graduated from high school, he took a job as a mail dispatcher with the Post Office in Chicago for four years. When he was 22, he had saved money to continue his education. He headed to Notre Dame in Indiana to finish his schooling, Rockne excelled as a football end there, winning All-American honors in 1913. Rockne helped to transform the game in a single contest. On November 1,1913, the Notre Dame squad stunned the highly regarded Army team 35–13 in a game played at West Point. This game was not the invention of the pass. He was educated as a chemist at Notre Dame, and graduated in 1914 with a degree in pharmacy, in 1914, he was recruited by Peggy Parratt to play for the Akron Indians. There Parratt had Rockne playing both end and halfback and teamed with him on several successful forward pass plays during their title drive, Knute wound up in Massillon, Ohio, in 1915 along with former Notre Dame teammate Dorais to play with the professional Massillon Tigers. Rockne and Dorais brought the pass to professional football from 1915 to 1917 when they led the Tigers to the championship in 1915. Pro Football in the Days of Rockne by Emil Klosinski maintains the worst loss suffered by Rockne was in 1917. He coached the South Bend Jolly Fellows Club when they lost 40–0 to the Toledo Maroons, during 13 years as head coach, Rockne led his Fighting Irish to 105 victories,12 losses, five ties and three national championships, including five undefeated seasons without a tie. Rockne posted the highest all-time winning percentage for a college football coach. His schemes utilized include the eponymous Notre Dame Box offense and the 7–2–2 defense, the backfield lined up in a T-formation, then quickly shifted into a box to the left or right just as the ball was snapped
16.
Michigan Stadium
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Michigan Stadium, nicknamed The Big House, is the football stadium for the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is the largest stadium in the United States, the second largest stadium in the world and its official capacity is 107,601, but it has hosted crowds in excess of 115,000. Michigan Stadium was built in 1927 at a cost of $950,000 and had a capacity of 72,000. Prior to the construction, the Wolverines played football at Ferry Field. Every home game since November 8,1975 has drawn a crowd in excess of 100,000, Michigan Stadium was designed with footings to allow the stadiums capacity to be expanded beyond 100,000. Fielding Yost envisioned a day where 150,000 seats would be needed, to keep construction costs low at the time, the decision was made to build a smaller stadium than Yost envisioned but to include the footings for future expansion. Michigan Stadium is used for the University of Michigans main graduation ceremonies, additionally, a 2014 International Champions Cup soccer match between Real Madrid and Manchester United had an attendance of 109,318, a record crowd for a soccer match in the United States. Prior to playing at Michigan Stadium, Michigan played its games at Ferry Field, Fielding Yost recognized the need for a larger stadium after original expansions to Ferry Field proved to be too small, and persuaded the regents to build a permanent stadium in 1926. Fashioned after the Yale Bowl, the stadium was built with a capacity of 72,000. However, at Yosts urging, temporary bleachers were added at the top of the stadium, on October 1,1927, Michigan played Ohio Wesleyan in the first game at Michigan Stadium, prevailing easily, 33–0. The new stadium was formally dedicated three weeks later in a contest against Ohio State on October 22. Michigan had spoiled the formal dedication of Ohio Stadium in Columbus five years earlier and was victorious again, in 1930, electronic scoreboards were installed, making the stadium the first in the United States to use them to keep the official game time. In 1956, the addition of a press box raised the official capacity to 101,001. The one extra seat in Michigan Stadium is said to be reserved for Fritz Crisler, since then, all official Michigan Stadium capacity figures have ended in -01, although the extra seats location is not specified. Before 1968, Michigan Stadium maintained a policy of No women or children allowed on the field, sara Krulwich, now a photojournalist for The New York Times, was the first woman on the field. Longtime radio announcer Bob Ufer dubbed Michigan Stadium The hole that Yost dug, Crisler paid for, Canham carpeted, since November 8,1975, the stadium has held over 100,000 fans for every home game. The game against Indiana University on October 25,1975 was the last sub-100,000 attendance home game for Michigan, Michigan Stadiums size is not wholly apparent from the outside as most of the seats are below ground level. By the mid-1980s, Michigan Stadium became known by the nickname The Big House, Michigans game versus Ball State University on November 4,2006, was the 200th consecutive crowd of over 100,000 fans
17.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
18.
Yankee Stadium (1923)
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Yankee Stadium was a stadium located in the Bronx, a borough of New York City. It was the home ballpark of the New York Yankees, one of the citys Major League Baseball franchises, from 1923 to 1973, the stadium hosted 6,581 Yankees regular season home games during its 85-year history. It was also the home of the New York Giants football team from 1956 through the first part of the 1973–74 football season. It has also known as The Big Ballpark in The Bronx, The Stadium. The stadium was built from 1922 to 1923 for $2.4 million, Yankee Stadium opened for the 1923 MLB season and at the time, it was hailed as a one-of-a-kind facility in the country for its size. Over the course of its history, it one of the most famous venues in the United States, having hosted a variety of events. The stadium went through many alterations and playing surface configurations over the years, the condition of the facility worsened in the 1960s and 1970s, prompting its closing for renovation from 1974 to 1975. The renovation significantly altered the appearance of the venue and reduced the distance of the outfield fences, in 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies, the design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium, Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the Yankee Stadium moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8-acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field, the new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees. The Yankees had played at the Polo Grounds in upper Manhattan since 1913, however, relations between the two teams were rocky, with the Giants harboring resentment towards the Yankees. For the 1920 season, the Yankees acquired star slugger Babe Ruth and in his first year with his new team, by the middle of 1920, the Giants had issued an eviction notice to the Yankees, which was soon rescinded. In 1921, the Yankees won their first American League pennant and this exacerbated Giants owner Charles Stonehams resentment of the Yankees and reinforced his insistence that the Yankees find another place to play their home games. The Giants derisively suggested that the Yankees relocate to Queens or some other out-of-the-way place, tillinghast LHommedieu Huston and Jacob Ruppert, the Yankees owners since January 1915, decided to build their own stadium. They did so at considerable financial risk and speculation, Baseball teams typically played in 30, 000-seat facilities, but Huston and Ruppert invoked Ruths name when asked how the Yankees could justify a ballpark with 60,000 seats. The total bill for construction of the stadium was $2.5 million, Huston and Ruppert explored many areas for Yankee Stadium. Of the other sites being considered, the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, consideration was also given to building atop railroad tracks on the West Side of Manhattan and to Long Island City, in Queens
19.
Fenway Park
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Fenway Park is a baseball park located in Boston, at 4 Yawkey Way near Kenmore Square. Since 1912, it has been the home for the Boston Red Sox and it is the oldest ballpark in MLB. It is the fourth-smallest among MLB ballparks by seating capacity, second-smallest by total capacity, Fenway has hosted the World Series ten times, with the Red Sox winning five of them, and the Boston Braves winning one. The first, in the inaugural season, was the 1912 World Series. April 20,2012, marked Fenway Parks centennial, on March 7 of that year, the park was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Former pitcher Bill Lee has called Fenway Park a shrine and it is a pending Boston Landmark which will regulate further changes to the park. Today, the park is considered to be one of the most well-known sports venues in the world, the Red Sox moved to Fenway Park from the old Huntington Avenue Grounds. In 1911, owner John I. Taylor purchased the land bordered by Brookline Avenue, Jersey Street, Van Ness Street and Lansdowne Street and developed it into a larger baseball stadium. However, given that Taylors family also owned the Fenway Realty Company, like many classic ballparks, Fenway Park was constructed on an asymmetrical block, with consequent asymmetry in its field dimensions. The General Contractor was the Charles Logue Building Company, the first game was played April 20,1912, with mayor John F. Fitzgerald throwing out the first pitch and Boston defeating the New York Highlanders, 7-6 in 11 innings. Newspaper coverage of the opening was overshadowed by continuing coverage of the Titanic sinking a few days earlier, Fenway Park has historically drawn low attendance, its lowest occurring late in the 1965 season with two games having paid attendance under 500 spectators. On Wednesday, June 17,2009, the park celebrated its 500th consecutive Red Sox sellout, according to WBZ-TV, the team joined three NBA teams which achieved 500 consecutive home sellouts. The sellout streak ended on April 11,2013, in all the Red Sox sold out 794 regular season games, the parks address was originally 24 Jersey Street. In 1977, the section of Jersey Street nearest the park was renamed Yawkey Way in honor of longtime Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey, and the parks address is now 4 Yawkey Way. Some of the include, In 1934, a hand-operated scoreboard was added, with what was then considered high-technology lights to indicate balls. The scoreboard is updated by hand today from behind the wall. The National League scores were removed in 1976, but restored in 2003, in 1946, upper deck seats were installed, Fenway Park is essentially the first double-tiered ballpark in Boston since the South End Grounds of the 1880s. In 1947, arc lights were installed at Fenway Park, the Boston Red Sox were the third-to-last team out of 16 major league teams to have lights in their home park
20.
Congregation of Holy Cross
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The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce is a Catholic congregation of priests and brothers founded in 1837 by Blessed Father Basil Anthony-Marie Moreau, CSC, in Le Mans, France. Father Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross, now divided into three independent congregations of sisters, the Congregations of women who trace their origins to Father Moreau are the Marianites of Holy Cross, the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and the Sisters of Holy Cross. Basile Antoine-Marie Moreau was born at Laigné-en-Belin, near Le Mans, France, Moreau was raised in a time when the Catholic Church was facing intense pressure and was being stripped of land, resources, and rights. When Moreau decided to enter the priesthood, he was forced to undergo his training in secret for fear that the French government would arrest him. He completed his studies and was ordained for the Diocese of Le Mans in 1821, the French government continued to work for the removal of the Church from the educational system, which left many Catholics without a place to be educated or catechized. It was out of this environment that Fr, Moreau and a fellow priest came forward to form what is now the Congregation of Holy Cross. On July 15,1820 a priest of the Diocese of Le Mans, jacques-Francois Dujarié, brought together a group of zealous men to serve the educational needs of the people in the French countryside. Dujarié named this group the Brothers of St. Joseph, but at the time none of the men were vowed religious, by 1835 this group was well established in the diocese, but Fr. Dujarié was slowing down and they were in need of a new leader, Moreau had formed a similar group, which he called Auxiliary Priests, to serve the educational and evangelization needs of the Diocese of Le Mans. Moreau had met previously and discussed their views on the future of the Church in France, Moreau was just the man he was looking for. With the consent of the bishop, Moreau was given control of the Brothers of St. Joseph on August 31,1835 and he was now the head of two organizations, the Auxiliary Priests and the Brothers of St. Joseph. Moreau made the decision to combine his two communities into one society so that the priests and brothers could share resources and ministries in common. On March 1,1837 the priests and brothers gathered in the Sainte-Croix district of Le Mans to sign the Fundamental Act of Union which legally joined them into one association and this new group took on the name of where they met and became the Association of Holy Cross. Initially Holy Cross was a group and so they primarily served in whatever capacity the bishop asked of them. In 1840 this changed when Fr, Moreau received a request to send a delegation from his society to Algeria with the purpose of establishing schools and a seminary. It was at point that Fr. Moreau shifted the focus of Holy Cross and after the first missionaries left in April 1840 the association took on the identity of a religious institute, Moreau and four others became the first professed religious in the Association of Holy Cross. As part of his plan to form this religious institute, Fr, Moreau also brought together the first group of women who would become the Marianites of Holy Cross
21.
SMU Mustangs football
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The SMU Mustangs football program is a college football team that represents Southern Methodist University. The team competes in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the American Athletic Conference, in June 1915, Ray Morrison became SMUs football, baseball, basketball, and track coach, in addition to being to a math instructor. The football team began as a member of the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the first game played by SMUs football team was a 13-2 victory over Hendrix College. After winning two games in a span of two seasons, Morrison left SMU for Fort Oglethorpe upon the United States’ entry into World War I, during this time, the football team was known as the Parsons, due to the large number of theology students on the team. On October 17,1917, the name Mustangs was selected as the schools mascot, for the 1917 season, Morrison would be replaced by J. Burton Rix, who would lead the Mustangs to a 3-2-3 record in their final season in the TIAA. The Mustangs’ first season in the conference ended with a 4-2 record. J. Burton Rix would continue to coach the team until the 1921 season, in which he was replaced by W. A. Cunningham and Victor Kelly, his co-coaches that season, as the team went on to lose six games. Ray Morrison would return to SMU in 1922, co-coaching the team with former Vanderbilt teammate Ewing Y, for the 1922 and 1923 seasons, Morrison would focus on the backfield and ends, while Freeland focused on the linemen. The team became known as the Aerial Circus by sportswriters because of Morrisons passing offense, Morrison would become known as the father of the forward pass, due to the teams use of passing on first and second downs, instead of as a play of last resort. At the time, most teams utilized the forward pass five to six times in one game, in the 1922 season, the Mustangs would compile a 6-3-1 record. Furthermore, end Gene Bedford and back Logan Stollenwerck were named first-team All-Southwest Conference, Bedford would go on to be the first player to play in the National Football League for the Rochester Jeffersons. In the 1923 season, the SMU Mustangs would go on to compile a perfect 9-0 record, after this season, Freeland would leave the SMU football team, later becoming head coach for the Texas Tech University football team, leaving Morrison as the sole head coach for SMU. SMU would go on to play in their first bowl game in 1924, playing in the Dixie Classic against West Virginia Wesleyan College, by 1926, the team began playing their home games at Ownby Stadium. In their first game at Ownby Stadium, the Mustangs defeated North Texas State Teachers College 42-0, the first Homecoming game would also be played in 1926, resulting in a 14-13 victory over Texas Christian University. The team would continue to have winning seasons until the 1932 season, the Mustangs would win their second conference title in 1926, compiling an 8-0-1 record, and a third conference title in 1931, compiling a 9-0-1 record. In 1928, guard Choc Sanders would become SMUs first All-American, in 1929, tackle Marion Hammon would become SMUs second All-American. After a winning 1934 season, Morrison left SMU to take over the Vanderbilt Commodores football team after the retirement of Dan McGugin, Morrison would be replaced by Matty Bell in 1935. Known as a coach, Bell brought discipline to his team
22.
Joe Savoldi
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Savoldi was born severely premature in Castano Primo. He spent his childhood in Castano Primo and Bergamo, being raised by his grandmother, at the age of 10, WWI ended and young Joe was finally able to join his family in Three Oaks, Michigan. Giuseppe Savoldi anglicized his first name to Joe and became an athlete in high school, excelling in football, basketball, baseball. After graduation from Three Oaks High, he enrolled at the University of Notre Dame and his first start for Notre Dame came during his sophomore year against would-be national champion, Georgia Tech, after Rocknes first, second, and third string fullbacks all fell to injuries. During that appearance, Savoldi fumbled a kickoff and played a game before being sent to the showers. The following week, coach Rockne moved Savoldi from running back to the line and it was also during the 1928 season that Savoldi was in the locker room at Yankee Stadium to witness Knute Rocknes legendary, Win one for the Gipper speech. The All-American fullback was first nicknamed, Galloping Joe, followed by The Wandering Wop, followed by The Peoples Choice, before finally earning the moniker Jumping Joe. The nickname that stuck, was a result of a play he made in a 1929 game against Carnegie Tech. Although commonplace now, diving over the line of scrimmage was extremely dangerous during a period of leather helmets and little, or no, shoulder padding.00 stadium. Savoldi averaged an incredible 11 yards per carry and 40 yards per kick off return and his career came to a sudden end on November 17,1930 when he withdrew from school after divorce papers were filed, and news of his secret marriage was leaked to the press. Savoldi and his Notre Dame teammates were undefeated national champions during both 1929 and 1930 seasons, and Rockne referred to those teams as his best ever. The backfield of Carideo, Savoldi, Brill, and Schwartz remains the offensive backfield in the history of college football to all be voted to an All-American team during the same season. According to Halas, Lambeau had broken the newly created Grange Rule by signing Savoldi prior to his senior class having graduated, but as soon as Lambeau retracted Savoldis contract, Halas signed Savoldi, and Jumping Joe joined the Bears. Sandow and Lewis allegedly promised Savoldi more money in a wrestling match than he would make during the entire following season with the Bears. In October 1931, Savoldi signed a motion picture contract with Hollywood and committed to appear in football, as a wrestler, Savoldi became known for his finishing move, the flying dropkick. From the early 1930s through the end of his career in 1950, Savoldi was credited as having originated the move, but today that attribution is disputed between him and Abe Coleman. Interpromotional wars were raging at the time, and on April 7,1933 at Chicago Stadium, after a tangle by the ropes, referee Bob Managoff declared Savoldi the winner by pinfall and awarded him the title. Vigorous arguments were waged over whether Savoldi had truly won the match, as a result, Savoldi and Managoff were suspended in some territories and the title change was not universally recognized
23.
Navy Midshipmen football
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The Navy Midshipmen football team represents the United States Naval Academy in NCAA Division I FBS college football. The Naval Academy completed its season as an FBS independent school in 2014. The team has coached by Ken Niumatalolo since December 2007. Navy has 19 players and three coaches in the College Football Hall of Fame and won the football national championship in 1926 according to the Boand. The 1910 team also was undefeated and unscored upon, the mascot is Bill the Goat. The Naval Academys football program is one of the nations oldest, there were two separate efforts to establish a Naval Academy football team in 1879. The first was guided by first-classman J. H. Robinson, the team played the sport under rules that made it much closer to soccer, where the players were permitted only to kick the ball in order to advance it. The second effort, headed by first-classman William John Maxwell was more successful in its efforts, Maxwell met with two of his friends, Tunstall Smith and Henry Woods, who played for the Baltimore Athletic Club and officially challenged their team to a game with the Naval Academy. A team was formed from academy first-classmen, which Maxwell led as a manager, trainer, the team would wake up and practice before reveille and following drill and meals. The squad received encouragement from some of the faculty, who allowed them to eat a late dinner and this was against the direct orders of the school superintendent, who had banned football and similar activities. The years sole contest was played on December 11 against the Baltimore Athletic Club, the oppositions team was reportedly composed of players from Princeton, Yale, Pennsylvania, and Johns Hopkins. The Naval Academy hosted the Baltimore team on a temporary field drawn on part of the cow pasture. Rules decided upon between the teams established that the game was to be played under rugby rules. The Baltimore American and Chronicle, which covered the contest, described it as such, The game, played rugby rules, was a battle from beginning to end—a regular knock down. Both sides became immediately excited and the audience was aroused to the highest pitch of enthusiasm by the spirited contest, the ball oscillated backward and forward over the ground without any material result. The scrimmages were something awful to witness—living, kicking, scrambling masses of humanity surging to and fro, each individual after the leather oval. If a Baltimorean got the ball and started for a run, he was caught by one of the brawny Cadets. The game was fought and was finally declared a scoreless tie by the referee about an hour after it began
24.
2013 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 2013 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Brian Kelly and played its games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. The Fighting Irish finished the 2012 regular season 12–0 and they lost to the University of Alabama 42–14 in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game. Sophomore wide receiver Davonte Neal left the team in late March, chris Badger departs back home to Provo, Utah and will transfer to BYU due to family illness and will appeal for waiver to play this season. Alex Wulfeck, a specialist at Wake Forest, announced he would transfer to Notre Dame in May after he received his degree in May 2013 and he would be enrolled in a graduate studies program while exhausting his final season of eligibility. There were no staff changes following the 2012 season, the only change is that Brian Kelly turned play calling duties over to Chuck Martin. Vanderdoes would later decommit to play at UCLA, citing health issues required that he be closer to home. ‡Former NCAA Attendance Record Following its game against Temple, Notre Dame played the Michigan Wolverines in Ann Arbor, Notre Dame won the previous meeting 13–6. Billed as Under the Lights II, this was the night game in Michigan Stadiums history. Tom Harmon was honored as a Michigan Football Legends, and his #98 jersey was unretired, the game attendance of 115,109 was the largest crowd ever to watch a college football game. Quarterback Devin Gardner completed 21 of 33 passes for 294 yards, Gardner has also rushed for 134 yards and three rushing touchdowns in the first two games of the season. Gardner contributed 376 yards of offense against Notre Dame ranks as the tenth best performance in Michigan history. The only two Michigan players to contribute more total yards in a game are Denard Robinson and John Navarre. Wide receiver Jeremy Gallon caught eight passes for 184 yards and three touchdowns and rushed for 14 yards, gallons 184 receiving yards against Notre Dame is tied for the sixth highest single-game performance in Michigan history. On defense, cornerback Blake Countess had two interceptions for Michigan, references to chickens were a widely reported side story to the game. After Notre Dame announced one year earlier that it would terminate the rivalry after the 2014 season, the win made Michigan favorites in the Big Ten Conference
25.
Artificial turf
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Artificial turf is a surface of synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are played on grass. However, it is now being used on lawns and commercial applications as well. The main reason is maintenance—artificial turf stands up to use, such as in sports. Domed, covered, and partially covered stadiums may require artificial turf because of the difficulty of getting enough sunlight to stay healthy. But artificial turf does have its downside, limited life, periodic cleaning requirements, petroleum use, toxic chemicals from infill, artificial turf first gained substantial attention in the 1960s, when it was used in the newly constructed Astrodome. The specific product used was developed by Monsanto and called AstroTurf, AstroTurf remains a registered trademark, but is no longer owned by Monsanto. The first generation systems of the 1960s have been largely replaced by the second generation. That accomplishment led Sports Illustrated to declare Chaney as the man responsible for major league baseball. Artificial turf was first installed in 1964 on a school recreation area in Rhode Island. The material came to prominence in 1966, when AstroTurf was installed in the Astrodome in Houston. The use of AstroTurf and similar surfaces became widespread in the U. S. and Canada in the early 1970s, more than 11,000 artificial turf playing fields have been installed nationally. More than 1,200 were installed in the U. S. in 2013 alone, maintaining a grass playing surface indoors, while technically possible, is prohibitively expensive. Artificial turf was first used in Major League Baseball in the Houston Astrodome in 1966, for most of the 1965 season, the Astros played on green-painted dirt and dead grass. The solution was to install a new type of grass on the field, ChemGrass. Because the supply of AstroTurf was still low, only a limited amount was available for the first home game, there was not enough for the entire outfield, but there was enough to cover the traditional grass portion of the infield. The outfield remained painted dirt until after the All-Star Break, the team was sent on an extended road trip before the break, and on 19 July 1966, the installation of the outfield portion of AstroTurf was completed. The Chicago White Sox became the first team to install artificial turf in a stadium, as they used it in the infield
26.
Walkability
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Walkability is a measure of how friendly an area is to walking. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits, Walkability is an important concept in sustainable urban design. One proposed definition for walkability is, The extent to which the environment is friendly to the presence of people living, shopping, visiting, enjoying or spending time in an area. Walkability is also examined based on the built environment. Reid Ewing and Robert Cerveros five Ds of the environment, density, diversity, design, destination accessibility. Combinations of these influence a individuals decision to walk. Before cars and bicycles were mass-produced, walking was the way to travel. It was the way to get from place to place for much of human history. In the 1930s, economic growth led to increased automobile manufacturing, cars were also becoming more affordable, leading to the rise of the automobile during the Post–World War II economic expansion. The detrimental effects of automobile emissions soon led to concern over pollution. Alternatives, including improved public transportation and walking infrastructure, have attracted attention from planners and policymakers. Walkability indices have been found to correlate with both Body Mass Index and physical activity of local populations, physical activity can prevent chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, depression, and osteoporosis. A further justification for walkability is founded upon evolutionary and philosophical grounds, after millennia of human development firmly based upon gait, the modern city has separated walking from thinking. Because there are cars, less walking is detracting from human progress. One of most important benefits of walkability is the decrease of the footprint in the community. Carbon emissions can be reduced if more people choose to walk rather than drive or use public transportation, the benefits of less emissions include improved health conditions and quality of life, less smog, and less of a contribution to global climate change. The benefits of walkability are best guaranteed if the system of public corridors is walkable - not limited to certain specialized routes. More sidewalks and increased walkability can promote tourism and increase property value, in recent years, the demand for housing in a walkable urban context has increased
27.
Musco Lighting
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Musco Lighting is a privately owned, American company that specializes in the design and manufacture of sports and large area lighting solutions around the world. Based out of Oskaloosa, Iowa, Musco has been the leader for the past 40 years, lighting a myriad of Olympic Games, Super Bowls. Since its beginning, Musco has pioneered systems that have made improvements in energy efficiency and provided affordable ways to control spill light. Musco is responsible for lighting a full range of facilities, from Daytona International Speedway and Emirates Stadium. Musco has also won an Academy Award and an Emmy Award, together they looked to make Myrons startup business venture – G&L Industries – into a stable, profitable company. G&L Industries originally manufactured products that were sold under their customers brand names, such as Excel Corporation, Snap-on, in 1969, G&L received its first big break when Brown and Sharpe Mfg. purchased a large quantity of product and provided G&L with enough capital to expand. Understanding the limiting factors of their current business approach, Joe, in 1976, Joe and Myron purchased the struggling Muscatine Lighting and Manufacturing Company in Muscatine, Iowa. This marked the start of Musco Lighting, having little experience in lighting, Joe and Myron studied both the factorys product line and the potential market opportunities for them. A year later in 1977, the released the Sports Cluster® system. This development featured fixtures that were mounted on metal arms, rather than the standard wooden ones, simplifying installation. The 80s began with Joe and Myron pursuing their vision of having a completely self-sufficient portable lighting system and this system would enable facilities that did not have lighting, or lacked proper light quality for television broadcasts, to play night games. Musco soon demonstrated a unit to ABC-TV executives. Two years later, in 1982, Musco Light™ made its debut –, working through several engineering challenges, Musco Light™ was able to provide a flawless performance for what Keith Jackson would refer to as the night the lights came on at Notre Dame Stadium. This would provide Musco with an opportunity to enter the industry in 1983, when they provided lighting for All the Right Moves. Musco continued to light large sporting events, including the 1983 Super Bowl and they also impacted small baseball parks across the US by designing a four-pole light system for Little League fields. In 1991, Musco released its Light-Structure System™ and this new system consisted of 5 Easy Pieces™ that made assembly the simplest and most cost efficient in the sports lighting industry. The following year Musco made it possible for the first Little League World Series to be played at night at Lamade Stadium, Musco moved into a new area of sports lighting by developing Mirtran™ to meet the criteria for lighting NASCAR tracks. Charlotte Motor Speedway was the first to receive this new technology in 1992 for one hot night and this innovative design would later receive the Paul Waterbury Award and make its way to the Daytona International Speedway, as well as several other speedways
28.
NBC Sports
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Other programming from outside producers – such as coverage of the Ironman Triathlon – is also presented on the network through NBC Sports. With Comcasts acquisition of NBCUniversal, its own sports networks were aligned with NBC Sports into a part of the division known as the NBC Sports Group. In 2000, NBC declined to renew its broadcast agreement with Major League Baseball, in 2002, it was additionally outbid by ESPN and ABC for the NBAs new broadcast contract, ending the leagues twelve-year run on NBC. During this era, NBC experimented with broadcasting emerging sports, in 2003, NBC obtained the broadcast rights and a minority interest in the Arena Football League. The network televised weekly games on a basis, as well as the entire playoffs. The deal lasted four years, after which the league and NBC parted ways, beginning with the 1999 Pennzoil 400, NBC began its foray into NASCAR. NBC, along with Fox, FX and TNT, obtained the broadcast rights of the top two series – the Winston Cup and Busch Series – in a deal, beginning in 2001. NBC televised the second half of the season and alternated coverage of the Daytona 500 with Fox, in December 2005, NBC announced that it would not renew its agreement with NASCAR. In 2001, NBC obtained the broadcast rights to horse racings Triple Crown in a five-year deal, in 2004, NBC reached a broadcast agreement with the National Hockey League. The revenue-sharing deal called for the two sides to split advertising revenue after the network recouped the expenses. NBC televised regular season games at first on Saturday afternoons before moving the telecast to Sundays, Saturday and Sunday afternoon playoff games, and up to five games of the Stanley Cup Final. Additionally in 2008, NBC broadcast the first Winter Classic, an outdoor NHL game played on New Years Day at Ralph Wilson Stadium, the following years Winter Classic would become the most-watched regular season game in 34 years. In addition to regular season success, Game 7 of the 2009 Stanley Cup Final was watched by an average of 8 million viewers. In January 2011, Comcast finalized its acquisition of a majority share in NBC Universal, as a result of the merger, the operations of Comcasts existing sports networks, such as Golf Channel and Versus, were merged into an entity known as the NBC Sports Group. NBC Sports senior vice president Mike McCarley additionally became Golf Channels new head, on July 3,2011, ESPN obtained the exclusive broadcast rights to Wimbledon in a 12-year deal, ending NBCs television relationship with The Championships after 42 years. On August 10,2011, NBC Sports also announced a new three-year broadcasting contract with Major League Soccer to produce games for the 2012 season on NBC and the NBC Sports Network. S. On October 15,2012, NBC Sports announced that it had acquired broadcast rights to the Formula One World Championship in a deal with the series. The majority of its coverage would air on NBCSN, while NBC would air the Monaco Grand Prix, Canadian Grand Prix, all races will also be streamed online and through the NBC Sports Live Extra mobile app
29.
Millard Sheets
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Millard Sheets was a native California artist who grew up in the Pomona Valley near Los Angeles. He attended the Chouinard Art Institute and studied with F. Tolles Chamberlin, while he was still a teenager, his watercolors were accepted for exhibition in the annual California Water Color Society shows. By 19 years of age, he was elected into membership, and at 20, even before his graduation from Chouinard, he was hired to teach watercolor painting. In 1929, he won a prize in the Texas Wildflowers Competitive Exhibitions. The prize money allowed Sheets to travel to Europe for a year to further his art education, by the early 1930s, he was well on his way to national recognition as a prominent American artist. He was exhibiting in Paris, New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Houston, St. Louis, San Antonio, San Francisco, baltimore, and many other cities throughout the United States. In Los Angeles, he was recognized as the leading figure, between 1935 and 1941, the recognition, the awards, and his output increased, winning him repeated mention in Art Digest and a color reproduction of his work in the book Eyes on America. In 1935, at age 28, he was the subject of a monograph published in Los Angeles and his art sales enabled him to travel to Europe, Central America, and Hawaii, where he painted on location. Although his watercolor techniques during this period ranged from very tight to very loose, during World War II, he was an artist-correspondent for Life magazine and the United States Army Air Forces in India and Burma. Many of his works from this document the scenes of famine, war. That experience also informed his art for a number of years. Many of his works from the 1940s, painted in California and Mexico, reflect this influence, especially where the values were dark, the somber. After the 1950s, his style changed again, this time featuring brighter colors, watercolor and oil painting was only part of Sheets art career. Through his teaching at Chouinard Art Institute, Otis Art Institute, Scripps College and other institutions, hundreds of artists were taught how to paint and he directed the art exhibition at the Los Angeles County Fair for many years and brought world-class work to Southern California. During the Great Depression, he joined forces with Edward Bruce to hire artists for the Public Works of Art Project, in 1946, he served as a president of the California Water Color Society. In later years he worked as an architect, illustrator, muralist, printmaker, and for these projects, he coordinated contributions from other artists, such as sculptor Albert Stewart. In 1953, Sheets was appointed Director of Otis Art Institute, under his leadership, the schools academic program was restructured to offer BFA and MFA degrees, as well as a newly created ceramics department, headed by Peter Voulkos. During that time, a building, a gallery, a library
30.
Resurrection of Jesus
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The resurrection of Jesus is the Christian religious belief that, after being put to death, Jesus rose again from the dead. It is the central tenet of Christian theology and part of the Nicene Creed, Paul the Apostle declared that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures, And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures. Paul further asserted And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile, then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in Christ we have hope in life only, we are of all people most to be pitied. Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus on Easter Sunday, two days after Good Friday, the day of his crucifixion. Easters date corresponds roughly with Passover, the Jewish observance associated with the Exodus, in the New Testament all four gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesuss arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and his resurrection. In each gospel these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with more detail than any other portion of that gospels narrative. Scholars note that the reader receives an almost hour-by-hour account of what is happening, the death and resurrection of Jesus are treated as the climax of the story, the point to which everything else has been moving all the while. After his death by crucifixion, Jesus was placed in a new tomb which was discovered early Sunday morning to be empty, the New Testament does not include an account of the moment of resurrection. In the Eastern Church icons do not depict that moment, but show the myrrhbearers, the major resurrection appearances of Jesus in the canonical gospels are reported to have occurred after his death, burial and resurrection, but prior to his ascension. This was in accordance with Mosaic Law, which stated that a person hanged on a tree must not be allowed to remain there at night, but should be buried before sundown. All four gospels report that women were the ones to find the tomb of Jesus empty, according to Mark and Luke, the announcement of Jesus resurrection was first made to women. According to Mark and John, Jesus actually appeared first to Mary Magdalene alone, in the gospels, especially the synoptics, women play a central role as eyewitnesses at Jesus death, entombment, and in the discovery of the empty tomb. All three synoptics repeatedly make women the subject of verbs of seeing, clearly presenting them as eyewitnesses, after they found the empty tomb, the gospels indicate that Jesus made a series of appearances to the disciples. He was not immediately recognizable, according to Luke, E. P. Sanders concluded that although he could appear and disappear, he was not a ghost. Writing that Luke was very insistent about that, Sanders pointed out that the risen Lord could be touched and he first appeared to Mary Magdalene, but she did not recognize him at first. The first two disciples to whom he appeared, walked and talked with him for quite a while without knowing who he was and he was made known in the breaking of the bread. Beside the Sea of Galilee he encouraged Peter to serve his followers and his final appearance is reported as being forty days after the resurrection when he was carried up into heaven where he sits on the right hand of God
31.
Hesburgh Library
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Theodore Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the library system of the University of Notre Dame. The building opened on September 18,1963, as the Memorial Library and it was named after Father Theodore Hesburgh in 1987. The library has 3.39 million volumes, the 61st largest collection among all U. S. research universities, during his service to the university, Father Hesburgh enjoyed an office on the 13th floor of the library, overlooking the Main Quad. The first circulating library at Notre Dame was created in 1873 by President Rev. Augustus Lemonnier, C. S. C. and it was hosted in the Main Building, in 1879 the Main Building was destroyed by fire, and 500 books were lost. After the rebuilding of the new Main Building, a new library was established with a budget of $500 and it comprised 16,000 volumes. In 1888, during the jubilee of Fr. Edward Sorin, a new library was opened on the third floor. In 1907, a librarian, Florence Espy, was hired to catalog the collection. President Hesburgh announced the construction of the new library in 1959, the architect was The Ellerbe Company of St. Paul, Minnesota. Construction took three years, and in 1964 the new library, named Memorial Library, was formally opened, the finished structure was 210 feet tall on a site 315 feet square. The interior is fully 429,780 square feet, and has two lower floors that serve as a base for an almost windowless tower of 13 stories capped by a smaller penthouse at the top. The interior of the floors is almost without walls, but supported by bare columns and this was done to create more free space to arrange stacks of books base on need. The windows were reduced to a minimum in order to avoid uneven light from the outside, the lower floors feature a more extensive use of glass along with brick and tweed granite. It reached its millionth volume in 1972, in 1987 the name was changed to Hesburgh Library, in honor of retiring president Father Theodore Hesburgh. In 2015 it underwent the beginning of major renovations that will recreate the interiors with a modern design. The side of the library facing the stadium is covered a 134 feet high and 68 feet wide mural called The Word of Life, when the library opened, the mural had not been yet installed. A work large enough to cover the side of the library facing the football stadium was commissioned to American artist Millard Sheets. Theodore Hesburgh suggested that the theme should be saints and scholars through the ages, the work that Miller created cost $200,000 and was donated by Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Phalin of Winnetka, Illinois. Installation took place in the spring of 1964, and the ceremony was held on May the 7th,1964
32.
Touchdown
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A touchdown is a means of scoring in both American and Canadian football. Whether running, passing, returning a kickoff or punt, or recovering a turnover, to score a touchdown, one team must take the football into the opposite end zone. The touchdown is scored the instant the ball crosses the plane of the line while in possession of a player whose team is trying to score in that end zone. The play is dead and the scores the moment the ball crosses the goal line in possession of a player. The slightest part of the ball being over the line is sufficient for a touchdown to score. However, only the ball counts, not a players helmet, foot, touching one of the pylons at either end of the goal line with the ball constitutes breaking the plane as well. Touchdowns are usually scored by the offense by running or passing the ball, however, the defense can also score a touchdown if they have recovered a fumble or made an interception and return it to the opposing end zone. Special teams can score a touchdown on a kickoff or punt return, in short, any play in which a player legally carries the ball across the goal line scores a touchdown, and the manner in which he gained possession is inconsequential. A touchdown is worth six points, the scoring team is also awarded the opportunity for an extra point or a two-point conversion. Afterwards, the team scored the touchdown kicks off to the opposing team. This rule was changed to the iteration in 1889. If the teammate could fair catch the ball, he could follow with a try for goal from the spot of the catch, the governing rule at the time read, A match shall be decided by a majority of touchdowns. A goal shall be equal to four touchdowns, but in the case of a tie, in 1881, the rules were modified so that a goal kicked from a touchdown took precedence over a goal kicked from the field in breaking ties. In 1882, four touchdowns were determined to take precedence over a goal kicked from the field, two safeties were equivalent to a touchdown. In 1883, points were introduced to football, and a touchdown counted as four points, a goal after a touchdown also counted as four points. In 1889, the provision requiring the ball to actually be touched to the ground was removed, a touchdown was now scored by possessing the ball beyond the goal line. In 1897, the touchdown scored five points, and the goal after touchdown added another point, in 1900, the definition of touchdown was changed to include situations where the ball becomes dead on or above the goal line. In 1912, the value of a touchdown was increased to six points, the end zone was also added
33.
Winnetka, Illinois
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Winnetka is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located 16 miles north of downtown Chicago. The population was 12,187 at the 2010 census, in 2015, Winnetka was ranked the richest municipality in Illinois and the second richest in the United States. The area is one of the most exclusive and wealthy suburbs in the nation, Winnetka is located at 42°6′22″N 87°44′16″W. Winnetka is located 650 feet above sea level and has a declination of 3°10 W. According to the 2010 census, Winnetka has an area of 3.893 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,187 people,4,102 households, and 3,328 families residing in the village. The racial makeup of the village was 94. 8% White,0. 3% African American,0. 1% Native American,3. 3% Asian,0. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.2 % of the population. 17. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.39. In the village, the population was out with 36. 2% under the age of 19,2. 3% from 20 to 24,15. 2% from 25 to 44,32. 7% from 45 to 64. The median age was 42.8 years, the median income for a household in the village was $207,955, and the median income for a family was over $250,000. The per capita income for the village was $100,506, about 1. 8% of families and 1. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 6% of those under age 18 and 2. 0% of those age 65 or over. The first houses were built in 1836 and that year Erastus Patterson and his family arrived from Vermont and opened a tavern to service passengers on the Green Bay Trail post road. The village was first subdivided in 1854 by Charles Peck and Walter S. Gurnee, President of the Chicago, Winnetkas first private school was opened in 1856 by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Peck with seventeen pupils. In 1859 the first public building was built with private funds at the southeast corner of Elm. The first years budget for school was two hundred dollars. The village was incorporated in 1869 with a population of 450, the name is believed to originate from Potawatomi language, meaning beautiful place. The oldest surviving house in Winnetka is the Schmidt-Burnham House and it was moved in 2003 from its previous location on Tower Road to the Crow Island Woods. Among Winnetkas celebrities are the late actor Rock Hudson and Rock singer/songwriter/producer Richard Marx, churches in Winnetka were also designed by noted architects
34.
Purdue Boilermakers football
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The Purdue Boilermakers football team represents Purdue University in the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision of college football. Purdue plays its games at Ross–Ade Stadium on the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette. The head coach of Purdue is Jeff Brohm, the 36th head coach in program history, the Boilermakers compete in the Big Ten Conference as a member of the West Division. Purdue had most recently been a part of the Leaders Division of the Big Ten, with a 598–545–48 record at the conclusion of the 2015 season, Purdue has the 47th-most victories among NCAA FBS programs. Purdue was originally classified as a Major College school in the 1937 season until 1972, Purdue received Division I classification in 1973, becoming a Division I-A program from 1978 to 2006 and an FBS program from 2006 to the present. Of those successful campaigns, Purdue has produced five seasons in its history, going 4–0 in 1891, 8–0 in 1892, 8–0 in 1929, 7–0–1 in 1932. The Boilermakers have won a total of 12 conference championships in their history, eight Big Ten Conference titles, the Purdue University football team traces its origin back to October 29,1887, when its team fell to Butler College by a score of 48-6 in Indianapolis, Indiana. A group of students at Purdue University formed the schools first football team in 1887, albert Berg was hired as the coach. Despite being deaf, Berg was reportedly the only man in the territory with any knowledge of the game, Berg was 23 years old when he became Purdues football coacher. He was paid $1 for each lesson he gave to the newly organized football team and had one week to prepare the team for its first game. The 1887 Purdue team played its game on October 29,1887. Butler soundly defeated Bergs squad by a score of 48–6, after the loss to Butler, Purdue did not field a football team again until 1889. In 1890, Clinton L. Hare became the head football coach at Purdue. He coached the team season to a record of 3–3. Purdue won each of its two games in convincing fashion, shutting out Wabash, 54–0, on October 24 and Illinois, 62–0. They also shut out DePauw in Greencastle, Indiana, 32–0, Purdue suffered its worst loss of the season on November 1 in Ann Arbor, falling to Michigan by a score of 34 to six. With their wins over DePauw and Wabash and their loss to Butler, hares team finished second place in the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association to Butler, who beat all three of their in-state foes and was awarded the state championship. In 1891, Knowlton Ames became the coach for Purdue
35.
1996 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 1996 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Lou Holtz and played its games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. Notre Dame participated in the Emerald Isle Classic, the game was played on November 2 and Notre Dame beat Navy by a score of 54–27. In the Holy War match against Boston College, Notre Dame beat BC to claim the Frank Leahy Memorial Bowl, Notre Dame beat Purdue to claim the Shillelagh Trophy. Notre Dame loses to USC in overtime, snapping a 13-game unbeaten streak against the Trojans
36.
Ara Parseghian
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Ara Raoul Parseghian is a former American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian grew up in Akron, Ohio and played starting in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of Akron, but soon quit to join the U. S. Navy for two years during World War II. After the war, he finished his career at Miami University in Ohio. Cleveland won the championship both of those years. His playing career cut short by a hip injury, Parseghian left the Browns, when head coach Woody Hayes left in 1951 to coach at Ohio State University, Parseghian took over his job. He stayed in position until 1956, when he was hired as head coach at Northwestern University in Illinois. In eight seasons there, he amassed a record of 36–35–1. Parseghians success attracted the interest of the University of Notre Dame and he joined as coach in 1964 and quickly turned the program around, coming close to capturing a national championship in his first year. He proceeded to win two titles in 11 seasons as coach of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, a period often referred to as the Era of Ara. He never had a season at Notre Dame and posted an overall record of 95–17–4, giving him the third-most wins of any coach in school history after Rockne. Parseghian quit coaching in 1974 and began a career calling college football games for ABC. He also dedicated himself to medical causes later in life after his daughter was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, Parseghian was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1980. His career coaching record is 170–58–6, Parseghian was the youngest of three children born to an Armenian father and a French mother in Akron, Ohio. Despite his mothers protectiveness, Parseghian became involved in sports from an early age and he was hired by Akrons Board of Education in the eighth grade to patrol his schools grounds at night to deter vandals. He joined his school team, coached by Frank Doc Wargo. After graduating in 1942, Parseghian enrolled at the University of Akron, American involvement in World War II had intensified after the Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, and he quit school to join the U. S. Navy. The Navy transferred him for training to Naval Station Great Lakes near Chicago, Brown was a well-known high school coach in Ohio, having led his Massillon Washington High School teams to a series of state championships
37.
2015 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 2015 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Brian Kelly and played its games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend. The 2015 Fighting Irish squad was arguably the most explosive offense that Brian Kelly has coached at Notre Dame, during the regular season, the Irish were one of twenty-one schools in the country to average 200 or more passing yards and rushing yards per game. The Irish had fourteen plays of over 50 yards during the season and they also had two touchdowns of over 90 yards. The Irish only had two in the previous 126 years of Notre Dame football, the 5.76 yards per carry were fifth in the country. They finished the season averaging 34 points per game, including a 62 point effort against UMass. The Irish were defeated by Ohio State in the Fiesta Bowl by a score of 44–28, the 2014 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team finished the regular season with a 7–5 record. They beat the LSU Tigers, 31–28, in the 2014 Music City Bowl, on May 19,2015, QB Everett Golson announced he was transferring to the Florida State Seminoles football team to complete his college eligibility. Golson will be able to play immediately as he has graduated from Notre Dame, on June 11,2015, sophomore defensive end Jhonny Williams announced his transfer from the university. Sophomore defensive end Kolin Hill transferred from the university, and headed to Texas Tech, avery Sebastian, a defensive back who previously played for the California Golden Bears, announced he would transfer to Notre Dame in June after he received his degree in May 2015. He would be enrolled in a graduate studies program while exhausting his final season of eligibility, matt LaFleur departed to take the same position for the Atlanta Falcons of the NFL, and Tony Alford left the university to take the same position at Ohio State University. Also, Outside Linebackers coach Bob Elliott moved into a coaching role within the program. To replace their losses, Notre Dame welcomed the addition of four new assistant coaches, mike Sanford Jr. former Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks coach at Boise State accepted the same position on the coaching staff. Todd Lyght, a former All-American at Notre Dame and Cornerbacks coach at Vanderbilt, keith Gilmore, previously the Defensive line coach at North Carolina, accepted the same position on the coaching staff. Autry Denson, Notre Dames all-time leading rusher and Running Backs coach at the University of South Florida, Brian Kelly received 24 commitments in his fifth full recruiting class including one five-star, Alize Jones. The class included student-athletes from 13 different states, Notre Dame would start the year out strong by beating the Texas Longhorns by a score of 38–3. Notre Dame quarterback Malik Zaire finished the game 19 for 22 for 313 yards, the Irish offense outgained Texas 527 to 163 and had 30 first downs compared to the Longhorns who had 8. While leading 26–14 midway through the quarter, the Irish would lose their starting Quarterback Malik Zaire to a broken ankle
38.
1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team
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The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, the Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No.1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24–23. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No.1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, Ara Parseghians second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. The Irish started the strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No.6. USC came into the contest riding a 23 game unbeaten streak, moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries, the star tailback of the day was Notre Dames Penick, who ran for 118 yards,50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23-14 and won its remaining games, after Notre Dame accepted the Sugar Bowl bid, the stage was set to determine the national championship. Alabama was awarded the UPI title before the season, but it was Notre Dame that won it on the field. Notre Dame jumped to a 6-0 lead, but Alabama answered with a Randy Billingsley 6-yard touchdown run, after Al Hunter scored on a 93-yard kick off return, Alabama scored 10 straight points. Notre Dame responded, with Tom Clements driving the Irish 79 yards in 11 plays, Irish kicker Bob Thomas kicked a field goal to give the Irish a slim 24-23 victory and the AP national title. All-Americans College Football Hall of Fame inductees Notre Dame leads all universities in players inducted
39.
Air Force Falcons football
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The Air Force Falcons football program represents the United States Air Force Academy in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Air Force has been a member of the Mountain West Conference since its founding in 1999, the Falcons play their home games at Falcon Stadium in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Troy Calhoun has been the head coach since 2007. Falcon home games are played in Falcon Stadium, which sits below the campus at an elevation of 6,621 feet above sea level. Pre-game activities include flyovers by USAF aircraft, including the F-15, the highest attendance at a home game was 56,409 spectators in 2002, when the Falcons battled the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. The Falcons are not only recognized by the bolt on the side of their helmets. Air Force is one of the premier rushing teams in the nation, since Fisher DeBerry took over as Falcons head coach in 1984, they have ranked among the nation’s top 10 in rushing 19 times in 21 years. The Air Force football team has enjoyed success not only on the field, in 49 years of Air Force football, there have been 39 Academic All-Americans. 1985 was the most successful season in Air Force football history, under second-year coach Fisher DeBerry, the Fightin’ Falcons came within one win of playing for the national championship. They recorded 10 straight wins to start the season, climbed the polls to #2 in the nation, Air Force rebounded with a bowl game win over Texas in the Bluebonnet Bowl and finished with a 12–1 record as the #5 ranked team in the nation. Air Force has played in 26 bowl games in their history and their highest finish in the AP polls was #6 in 1958. Since 1980, the Falcons and Colorado State Rams have competed for the Ram-Falcon Trophy, Air Force currently holds a 21-14 advantage over Colorado State in games that the trophy has been contested in. Beau Morgan, He became the first player in NCAA history to rush and he broke the NCAA single season rushing record for a quarterback, along with being only the second player in NCAA history to run and pass for 3,000 yards in a career. Troy Calhoun - Head Coach Steve Russ - Asst, coord. /DBs Mike Thiessen - Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks Clay Hendrix - Assoc. Air Force has held the trophy 20 times, more than either Army or Navy, among other schools, Air Force has played more games against Colorado State and Wyoming, having played each school 55 times since 1957, the Falcons first season. Below are Air Forces record against its top ten most-played opponents
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