1.
Trans-Canada Highway
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The Trans-Canada Highway is a transcontinental federal-provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the Atlantic on the east. The main route spans 8,030 kilometres across the country, the system was approved by the Trans-Canada Highway Act of 1949, with construction commencing in 1950. The highway officially opened in 1962, and was completed in 1971, upon its original completion, the Trans-Canada Highway was the most lengthy uninterrupted highway in the world. The highway system is recognizable by its distinctive white-on-green maple leaf route markers, throughout much of Canada, there are at least two routes designated as part of the Trans-Canada Highway. For example, in the provinces, both the main Trans-Canada route and the Yellowhead Highway are part of the Trans-Canada system. As of 2012, this made it the longest electric vehicle ready highway in the world, the Trans-Canada is otherwise designated as east-west from Nanaimo to St. Johns, although there are significant north-south sections north of Hope, Sault Ste. From Departure Bay, a 57 km ferry route connects the highway to Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver, at this point, the Trans-Canada Highway becomes a high mobility freeway and passes through the Vancouver metropolitan area, crossing the Fraser River with the Port Mann Bridge. The section around the Bridge has started being electronically tolled as of 8 December 2012, from Horseshoe Bay, the TCH then heads 170 km east through the Fraser Valley to Hope. Then it continues 496 km east through Salmon Arm, Revelstoke, Rogers Pass, Golden, the northwest and northeast segments of Stoney Trail were completed in 2009, serving as an east-west bypass of Calgary. East of Calgary,293 km the highway reaches Medicine Hat. It continues 79 km east to the city of Regina that is bypassed by a freeway segment. Beyond Regina it continues east into Manitoba to the cities of Brandon and Portage la Prairie, throughout the prairie provinces, the speed limit varies from 90 km/h to 110 km/h. The speed limit is restricted to 90 km/h through national parks in Canada, east of Banff, most of Highway 1 through Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba is 110 km/h, but is 100 km/h east of Winnipeg. Speed limits on the British Columbia mainland segment of the Trans-Canada range from 80 km/h to 110 km/h, east of Winnipeg, the highway continues for over 200 kilometres to Kenora, Ontario. At the provincial border, the designation of the highway changes from 1 to 17. In Kenora, the Trans-Canada designation includes both the route through the citys urban core and the 33.6 km Highway 17A bypass route. The existing branch from Kenora continues east for 136 km to Dryden, a second branch extends 157 km southward along Highway 71 from Kenora to Chapple, then 320 km eastward along Highway 11 to Shabaqua Corners, where it reunites with Highway 17. Highway 11/Highway 17 proceeds southeast for 65 km to Thunder Bay, an 83-kilometre segment of the Trans-Canada Highway between Thunder Bay and Nipigon is commemorated as the Terry Fox Courage Highway
2.
New Brunswick Route 2
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Route 2 is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, carrying the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway in the province and a core route in the National Highway System. It is a 4-lane freeway in its entirety, the highway connects with Autoroute 85 at the border with Quebec and with Highway 104 at the border with Nova Scotia, as well as traffic from Interstate 95 via the Route 95 connector. Route 2 directly serves the cities of Edmundston, Fredericton and Moncton, a 20-year project to replace the original 1960s-era 2-lane Trans-Canada Highway with a 4-lane freeway was completed on November 1,2007. The final upgrade to Route 2 and its short connector Route 95 has extended the freeway network of North America east to New Glasgow. Once Autoroute 85 in Quebec is completed, Route 2 will also connect with the networks of central Canada without passing through the United States. The highways western terminus is at the boundary with Quebec 15 km north of Edmundston. At Grand Falls, the crosses to the west bank of the river and passes by Perth-Andover, Florenceville. At Woodstock the Saint John River turns east and the continues to parallel the river on a ridge several kilometres inland along the western bank. It passes south of Fredericton and Oromocto before crossing the northeastern edge of CFB Gagetown, the Saint John River turns south near Jemseg where the highway crosses the river on the Saint John River High Level Crossing and continues east over the Jemseg River using the Jemseg River Bridge. The highway leaves the valleys as it continues east across the rolling hills south of Grand Lake and passes by Havelock, River Glade. Route 2 was one of the initial routes defined in 1927, running from Quebec at Quebec Route 2s terminus to Nova Scotia via Edmundston, Grand Falls, Woodstock, Fredericton, Saint John and Moncton. The road on the east side of the river between Edmundston and Grand Falls had just been opened in about 1926, previously travelers had to pass through Maine on the west side. A Route 2A cut the distance between Fredericton and Saint John via a poorer-quality but more direct road, intersecting Route 2 at Oromocto, beyond Saint John, Route 2 went northeast via Sussex to Moncton, and then turned southeast to cross the Nova Scotia border near Sackville. The original path of Route 2 between Quebec and Sussex is now approximately the River Valley Scenic Drive. When the route of the Trans-Canada Highway was defined in about 1950, through the late 1950s and 1960s, a number of bypasses and realignments, mostly two-lane, were built to improve Route 2 with federal Trans-Canada Highway funds. The first, built in the 1950s, was around Moncton, the old road through Moncton became Route 2A, then Route 6 in 1965, and is now Route 106. Next was the bypass around Woodstock, traffic remaining on Route 2 to Saint John exited the bypass at what is now exit 7 for Route 7. Route 2 was moved to be identical with the Trans-Canada Highway, absorbing Route 9, the old alignment via Saint John, where it did not become Route 7 or an extension of Route 1, was renumbered as the new Route 102 between Oromocto and Westfield
3.
New Brunswick
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New Brunswick is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province. In the Canada 2016 Census, Statistics Canada estimated the population to have been 747,101, down very slightly from 751,171 in 2011. The majority of the population is English-speaking of Anglo and Celtic heritage and it was created as a result of the partitioning of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1784 and was originally named New Ireland with the capital to be in Saint John. The name was replaced with New Brunswick by King George II. The provincial flag features a ship superimposed on a background with a yellow lion passant guardant on red pennon above it. The province is named for the city of Braunschweig, known in English and Low German as Brunswick, located in modern-day Lower Saxony in northern Germany. The then-colony was named in 1784 to honour the reigning British monarch, George III, the original First Nations inhabitants of New Brunswick were members of three distinct tribes. The largest tribe was the Mikmaq, and they occupied the eastern and they were responsible for the Augustine Mound, a burial ground built about 800 BCE near Metepnákiaq. The western portion of the province was the home of the Wolastoqiyik people. The smaller Passamaquoddy tribe occupied lands in the southwest of the province. The next French contact was in 1604, when a party led by Pierre du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain set up camp for the winter on St. Croix Island, the colony relocated the following year across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal, Nova Scotia. The whole maritime region was at that time claimed by France and was designated as the colony of Acadia, one of the provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 was the surrender of Acadia to Queen Anne. The bulk of the Acadian population thus found themselves residing in the new British colony of Nova Scotia, the remainder of Acadia was only lightly populated and poorly defended. The Maliseet from their headquarters at Meductic on the Saint John River, participated in guerilla raids and battles against New England during Father Rales War. About 1750, to protect his interests in New France, Louis XV caused three forts to be built along the Isthmus of Chignecto and this caused what is known to historians as Father Le Loutres War. During the French and Indian War, the British completed their displacement of the Acadians over all of present-day New Brunswick, Fort Beauséjour, Fort Menagoueche and Fort Gaspareaux were captured by a British force commanded by Lt. Col. Robert Monckton in 1755. Inside Fort Beauséjour, the British forces found not only French regular troops, Governor Charles Lawrence of Nova Scotia used the discovery of Acadian civilians helping in the defence of the fort to order the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. The Acadians of the recently captured Beaubassin and Petitcodiac regions were included in the expulsion order, other actions in the war included British expeditions up the Saint John River in the St. John River Campaign
4.
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
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New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County, in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the banks of the East River of Pictou, which flows into Pictou Harbour, the towns population was 9,075 in the 2016 census. New Glasgow is at the centre of the fourth largest urban area. The New Glasgow census agglomeration includes the adjacent towns of Stellarton, Westville. Sir Robert Kenney founded New Glasgow, Scottish immigrants, including those on the ship Hector in 1773, settled the area of the East River of Pictou during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Deacon Thomas Fraser first settled the area at the head of navigation on the East River of Pictou in 1784, the settlement was officially named New Glasgow, after Glasgow in Scotland, in 1809, the same year its first trading post was developed. The discovery of coal deposits in the East River valley during the early 19th century saw New Glasgow, at the head of navigation, quickly develop into a manufacturing. In 1829, a tramway was built using standard gauge rails from the settlement of Albion Mines to a wharf near New Glasgow. This was the first use of standard gauge rails in what would become Canada. On September 19,1839, the Albion Railway was opened from Albion Mines to New Glasgow and this was the second steam-powered railway in what would become Canada and the first to use iron rails. The railway was extended north to a loading pier at Dunbars Point on May 14,1840. In 1840, George MacKenzie started the towns first shipbuilding company, in June 1867, the Nova Scotia Railway opened its Eastern Line from Truro through New Glasgow to its terminus at the passenger and cargo wharf in Pictou Landing. Economic development in New Glasgow was driven by the industry in neighbouring Trenton, shipbuilding and shipping in Pictou and Pictou Landing. After World War I, the famous New York sculptor J. Massey Rhind was commissioned to make the Nova Scotia Highlander soldier cenotaph, in 1946, New Glasgow was the setting for an important civil rights case when Viola Desmond challenged racial segregation of New Glasgows Roseland Theatre. New Glasgow became a centre for the county during the late 20th century as shopping centres, retail. In 2016, Moneysense ranked New Glasgow last out of 219 cities as Canadas worst place to live, talk of amalgamating the 6 municipal units in Pictou County has increased in recent years. Among the reasons for this, small towns adjacent to New Glasgow are having a hard time coping financially on their own due to the declining economy, also, Pictou County has the most politicians per capita in Canada. The two most often suggested scenarios involve amalgamating the entire county into a regional municipality, or amalgamating the upper East River towns into a single larger town
5.
St. Peter's, Nova Scotia
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St. Peters is a small incorporated village located on Cape Breton Island in Richmond County, Nova Scotia, Canada. This village is located on an isthmus which separates the southern end of Bras dOr Lake, known as St. Peters Inlet. The isthmus is crossed by the St. Peters Canal which is almost exclusively used by boats in recent decades. It is home to Battery Provincial Park. This park is situated on a hillside overlooking St. Peter’s Bay adjacent to the St. Peter’s Canal National Historic Site and its entrance is on the east side of the bridge at the canal. Battery features a small beach, an interpretive display, picnic area with ocean frontage. St. Peters is also located on Trunk 4, one of the trunk or secondary highways. An expressway, Highway 104, is scheduled to be extended from its present terminus several kilometres west of St. Peters to Sydney, when this occurs, Highway 104 will carry the Trans-Canada Highway designation on Cape Breton Island, for which Highway 105 is now designated. The Nicholas Denys Museum is located in the village, but is open in the summer. St. Peters used to be served by a Canadian National Railways branchline which was abandoned in the early 1980s, St. Peters is one of North Americas oldest European establishments. Prior to the arrival of the French, it was a Portuguese trading and fishing post named Santo Pedro in the 16th century. In addition to establishing a fur trading post, Denys later used the isthmus as a road for portaging small sailing ships from Bras dOr Lake to the Atlantic. In 1653, along with raiding Pentagouet, LaHave, Nova Scotia, Denys was taken prisoner and returned to France. Nicolas Denys was here between 1650–1669 and then Cape Breton remained unsettled by Europeans until the establishment of Louisbourg and re-establishment of Fort Dauphin, France lost possession of present-day peninsular Nova Scotia to Britain in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. France began moving some Acadian colonists to Île Royale to populate this remaining outpost of French Acadia, to protect Port Toulouse, Rouville built another fortification on the shore called Point Jérome. Along with Saint-Pierre, the French also established Fort St. Anne at present-day Englishtown as the garrison on Île Royal to support the Fortress of Louisbourg. During King Georges War, just prior to the Siege of Louisbourg, in August 1752 during Father Le Loutres War, the schooners Friendship of Halifax and Dolphin of New England were seized and 21 prisoners held for ransom by Mikmaq at St. Peters. After Louisbourg fell on 26 July 1758, French officer Boishébert withdrew, boishebert brought back a large number of Acadians from the region around Port Toulouse to the security of his post at Beaubears Island on the Miramichi River. After the war, Britain sponsored settlers and displaced veterans from the Seven Years War to move into the area of Port Toulouse, France declared war on Great Britain on 1 February 1793 during the French Revolutionary Wars
6.
Nova Scotia
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Nova Scotia is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces which form Atlantic Canada. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province, with an area of 55,284 square kilometres, including Cape Breton, as of 2016, the population was 923,598. Nova Scotia is the second most-densely populated province in Canada with 17.4 inhabitants per square kilometre, Nova Scotia means New Scotland in Latin and is the recognized English language name for the province. In Scottish Gaelic, the province is called Alba Nuadh, which simply means New Scotland. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province in area after Prince Edward Island, the provinces mainland is the Nova Scotia peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, including numerous bays and estuaries. Nowhere in Nova Scotia is more than 67 km from the ocean, Nova Scotia has many ancient fossil-bearing rock formations. These formations are rich on the Bay of Fundys shores. Blue Beach near Hantsport, Joggins Fossil Cliffs, on the Bay of Fundys shores, has yielded an abundance of Carboniferous age fossils, wassons Bluff, near the town of Parrsboro, has yielded both Triassic and Jurassic age fossils. Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone, since the province is almost surrounded by the sea, the climate is closer to maritime than to continental climate. The winter and summer temperature extremes of the climate are moderated by the ocean. However, winters are cold enough to be classified as continental – still being nearer the freezing point than inland areas to the west. The Nova Scotia climate is in ways similar to the central Baltic Sea coast in Northern Europe. This is in spite of Nova Scotia being some fifteen parallels south, areas not on the Atlantic coast experience warmer summers more typical of inland areas, and winter lows a little colder. The province includes regions of the Mikmaq nation of Mikmaki, the Mikmaq people inhabited Nova Scotia at the time the first European colonists arrived. In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada at Port Royal, the British conquest of Acadia took place in 1710. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 formally recognized this and returned Cape Breton Island to the French, present-day New Brunswick then still formed a part of the French colony of Acadia. The British changed the name of the capital from Port Royal to Annapolis Royal, in 1749, the capital of Nova Scotia moved from Annapolis Royal to the newly established Halifax. In 1755 the vast majority of the French population were removed in the Expulsion of the Acadians
7.
Amherst, Nova Scotia
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Amherst is a Canadian town in northwestern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. It is also located 60 kilometres southwest of the New Brunswick abutment of the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island at Cape Jourimain, Amherst is the shire town and largest population centre in Cumberland County. According to Dr. Graham P. Hennessey, The Micmac name was Nemcheboogwek meaning going up rising ground, the Acadians who settled here as early as 1672 called the village Les Planches. The village was later renamed Amherst by Colonel Joseph Morse in honour of Lord Amherst and these settlers were joined by United Empire Loyalists. A mill was built on the current townsite, and the residents moved there to be closer to work, during the 19th century, Amherst became an important regional centre for shipbuilding and other services to outlying communities. An indication of the importance in Canadian history is seen with its four Fathers of Confederation. Dickey, Jonathan McCully, and Sir Charles Tupper, during the late 19th century, local industrialists and entrepreneurs constructed many fine Victorian and Edwardian homes along Victoria Street East, leading toward the farming hamlet of East Amherst. Many notable residents have lived in this district, including Tupper, Senator Thomas R. Black, the Barker Family, the Lamy Family, the Pugsley Family and Mary Simmons Critchley. Amherst experienced unprecedented industrialization in the late 1870s after the Intercolonial Railway of Canada constructed its line from Halifax to Quebec through the town in 1872. The economic boom created by the arrival of the Intercolonial Railway lasted through World War I and numerous foundries, factories and mills opened, in 1908, the manufacturing output of Amhersts industries was not exceeded by any centre in the Maritime Provinces. Many of the old buildings along Victoria Street are considered industrial artifacts because they were constructed during a period of tremendous industry growth. Local contractors employed local craftsmen, who used local materials, notice the emphasis on sandstone and brick, both locally produced and delightful detail which reflects the skilled craftsmanship prevalent in the 19th century. A Prisoner-of-war camp was set up at Malleable Iron Foundry in Amherst, during the Amherst general strike in 1919, worker unrest over social and economic conditions led to mass protests in sympathy with the Winnipeg general strike. Amherst had an industrial park constructed during the 1960s when the Trans-Canada Highway was being developed. Today the majority of the major employers are located there, including PolyCello. During World War II, the Royal Canadian Navy named a Flower class corvette HMCS Amherst, the town is currently served by Via Rails Halifax-to-Montreal train Ocean. Amherst is the centre for Cumberland County and the southeastern part of Westmorland County. Shoppers Drug Mart was the towns anchor pharmacy retail until its closure on October 8,2015 due to the periods of declining profits
8.
Controlled-access highway
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A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway, other similar terms include Interstate and parkway. Some of which may be limited-access highways, although this term can refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following Vienna convention, the motorway qualification implies they are forbidden for walking or parking, a controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals, intersections or property access. They are free of any at-grade crossings with roads, railways, or pedestrian paths. Entrances and exits to the highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads, on the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety and capacity, controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924 connecting Milan to Varese, Germany began to build its first 30-kilometre autobahn controlled-access highway without speed limits in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn. It then rapidly constructed a system of such roads in anticipation of their use in the Second World War. The first North American freeways opened in the New York City area in the 1920s, Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway, the Preston By-pass, until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature a network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel. Many have a national-level or even international-level system of route numbering, exit is marked with another symbol. The definitions of motorway from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical, british Standards Motorway, Limited-access dual carriageway road, not crossed on the same level by other traffic lanes, for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicle. ITE Freeway, A divided major roadway with full control of access and this definition applies to toll as well as toll-free roads. Freeway A, This designates roadways with greater complexity and high traffic volumes. Usually this type of freeway will be found in areas in or near the central core. Freeway B, This designates all other divided roadways with full control of access where lighting is needed, principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control, other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads
9.
Toll road
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A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private roadway for which a fee is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the cost of road construction, the amount of the toll usually varies by vehicle type, weight, or number of axles, with freight trucks often charged higher rates than cars. Tolls are collected at points known as toll booths, toll houses, plazas, stations, bars, some toll collection points are unmanned and the user deposits money in a machine which opens the gate once the correct toll has been paid. To cut costs and minimize time delay many tolls today are collected by some form of automatic or electronic toll collection equipment which communicates electronically with a toll payers transponder, Toll booths are usually still required for the occasional users who do not have a transponder. The tolls are often prepaid or collected automatically from a credit card service. Some toll roads have automated toll enforcement systems that take photos of drivers who do not pay the tolls and they typically get the toll bill delivered to them in the mail. Criticisms of toll roads include the time taken to stop and pay the toll, automated toll paying systems help minimize both of these. Others object to paying twice for the road, in fuel taxes. In addition to roads, toll bridges and toll tunnels are also used by public authorities to generate funds to repay the cost of building the structures. Some tolls are set aside to pay for maintenance or enhancement of infrastructure, or are applied as a general fund by local governments. This is sometimes limited or prohibited by government legislation. Also road congestion pricing schemes have been implemented in a number of urban areas as a transportation demand management tool to try to reduce traffic congestion. Toll roads have existed for at least the last 2,700 years, as tolls had to be paid by travellers using the Susa–Babylon highway under the regime of Ashurbanipal, aristotle and Pliny refer to tolls in Arabia and other parts of Asia. In India, before the 4th century BC, the Arthasastra notes the use of tolls, germanic tribes charged tolls to travellers across mountain passes. A 14th-century example is Castle Loevestein in the Netherlands, which was built at a point where two rivers meet. River tolls were charged on boats sailing along the river, in 14th-century England, some of the most heavily used roads were repaired with money raised from tolls by pavage grants. Widespread toll roads sometimes restricted traffic so much, by their high tolls, tolls were used in the Holy Roman Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 20th century, road tolls were introduced in Europe to finance the construction of motorway networks and specific transport infrastructure such as bridges, Italy was the first European country to charge motorway tolls, on a 50 km motorway section near Milan in 1924
10.
Moncton
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Moncton is a city located in Westmorland County in the southeastern portion of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has earned the nickname Hub City due to its inland location in the region and its history as a railway. The city proper has a population of 71,889 and has an area of 142 km2. The CMA includes the city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview, as well as adjacent suburban areas in Westmorland. Although the Moncton area was first settled in 1733, Moncton is considered to have founded in 1766 with the arrival of Pennsylvania Dutch immigrants from Philadelphia. An agricultural settlement, Moncton was not incorporated until 1855, the city was named for Lt. Col. Robert Monckton, the British officer who had captured nearby Fort Beauséjour a century earlier. Moncton regained its charter in 1875 after the economy rebounded. The city adopted the motto Resurgo after its rebirth as a railway town, the strength of Monctons economy has received national recognition and the local unemployment rate is consistently less than the national average. Acadians settled the head of the Bay of Fundy in the 1670s, the first reference to the Petcoucoyer River was on the De Meulles map of 1686. Settlement of the Petitcodiac and Memramcook river valleys began about 1700, gradually extending inland, in 1755, nearby Fort Beausejour was captured by English forces under the command of Lt. Col. Robert Monckton. The Beaubassin region including the Memramcook and Petitcodiac river valleys subsequently fell under English control, later that year, Governor Charles Lawrence issued a decree ordering the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. This action came to be known as the Great Upheaval, the Settlers consisted of eight families, Heinrick Stief, Jacob Treitz, Matthias Sommer, Jacob Reicker, Charles Jones, George Wortmann, Michael Lutz, and George Koppel. There is a dedicated in their honor at the mouth of Halls Creek. They renamed the settlement The Bend, the Bend remained an agricultural settlement for nearly 80 more years. Even by 1836, there were only 20 households in the community, at this time, the Westmorland Road became open to year round travel and a regular mail coach service was established between Saint John and Halifax. The Bend became an important transfer and rest station along the route, over the next decade, lumbering and then shipbuilding would become important industries in the area. The turning point for the community was when Joseph Salter took over a shipyard at the Bend in 1847, the expanded shipyard ultimately grew to employ about 400 workers
11.
Truro, Nova Scotia
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Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain. It is named after the city of Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom, the Intercolonial, which later became the Canadian National Railway built a large roundhouse and rail yard in Truro. Further rail links to Cape Breton and to the Annapolis Valley through the Dominion Atlantic Railway in 1905 made the even more a transportation hub for Nova Scotia. The railway also attracted industries such as the Truro Woolen Mills in 1870 and provincial institutions like the provincial Normal School, the town officially incorporated in 1875. Many figures from the towns past are featured in over 40 tree sculptures which were carved in tree trunks after Truro lost most of its Elm trees to Dutch Elm Disease in the 1990s. The history of the town and surrounding county is preserved at the Colchester Historical Museum, an important highway interchange is located just north of Truro in the rural community of Onslow where Highway 102 ends at Highway 104 - both four lane expressways. Secondary roads Trunk 2 and Trunk 4 intersect in the town, important tertiary roads Route 236 and Route 311 end in the nearby communities of Lower Truro and Onslow respectively. Some of these also form part of the Glooscap Trail which is a scenic drive for tourists. Some small chunks of the Berlin Wall are located near the Agricultural Campus of Dalhousie University, Truro has two public high schools, Cobequid Educational Centre and the francophone École acadienne de Truro. Truro has two ice hockey rinks, Truro is home to the Truro Bearcats, a Junior A ice hockey team who are two time MJAHL Champions. Football is also a sport in the town with all games being played on Friday night at the Truro Amateur Athletic Club grounds. Truro Raceway conducts harness races every Sunday, Truro is also home to a rugby club, which hosts the World Indoor Sevens Rugby Championships. Truro enjoys a vibrant soccer scene centered about the local CC Riders soccer club which serves Tier2 soccer for both genders and all ages, outdoor soccer takes place between May and October and indoor 7-a-side and pickup games run through the winter months. Truro has a continental climate similar to the vast majority of the The Maritimes. The highest temperature recorded in Truro was 35.6 °C on 19 August 1935 and 15 August 1944. The coldest temperature recorded was −38.3 °C on 22 January 1934. With a land area of 34.49 km2, it had a density of 355. 5/km2 in 2016
12.
Cape Breton Island
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Cape Breton Island is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Its name may derive from Capbreton near Bayonne, or more probably from the word Breton, the French adjective form of the proper noun Bretagne, the 10,311 km2 island accounts for 18. 7% of the Nova Scotias total area. Although physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso, the island is east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, its western coast also forms the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait. The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean, its eastern coast also forms the limits of the Cabot Strait. Its landmass slopes upward from south to north, culminating in the highlands of its northern cape, one of the worlds larger salt water lakes, Bras dOr, dominates the islands centre. The island is divided into four of Nova Scotias eighteen counties, Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond and their total population at the 2016 census numbered 132,010 Cape Bretoners, this is approximately 15% of the provincial population. Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 2.9 since the 2011 census, the island has five reserves of the Mikmaq Nation, Eskasoni, Membertou, Wagmatcook, Waycobah, and Potlotek/Chapel Island. Eskasoni is the largest in population and land area. Cape Breton Islands first residents were likely Archaic maritime natives, ancestors of the Mikmaq, John Cabot reportedly visited the island in 1497. However, historians are unclear as to whether Cabot first visited Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island and this discovery is commemorated by Cape Bretons Cabot Trail, and by the Cabots Landing Historic Site & Provincial Park, near the village of Dingwall. In about 1521–22, the Portuguese under João Álvares Fagundes established a colony on the island. As many as two hundred settlers lived in a village, the name of which is not known, located according to historians at what is now present day Ingonish on the islands northeastern peninsula. This Portuguese colonys fate is unknown, but it is mentioned as late as 1570 and these Scottish triumphs, which left Cape Sable as the only major French holding in North America, did not last. Charles I’s haste to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The French quickly defeated the Scots at Baleine, and established the first permanent settlements on Île Royale, present day Englishtown and these settlements lasted almost continuously until Nicolas Denys left in 1659. Île Royale was vacant for more than fifty years until the communities along with Louisbourg were established in 1713, known as Île Royale to the French, the island also saw active settlement by France. The French also built the Louisbourg Lighthouse in 1734, the first lighthouse in Canada, in addition to Cape Breton Island, the French colony of Île Royale also included Île Saint-Jean, today called Prince Edward Island. Louisbourg itself was one of the most important commercial and military centres in New France, Louisbourg was captured by New Englanders with British naval assistance in 1745 and by British forces in 1758
Route 2 (TCH) towards Moncton, NB
Hwy 102 near Truro
Hwy 106 (TCH) near New Glasgow
Hwy 105 (TCH) near Port Hawkesbury
Trunk 4 near St. Peter's.png)
→
Trunk 2 east (Laplanche Street) to Trunk 6 – Amherst, Fort Lawrence
Hwy 142 south – Springhill, Parrsboro
Route 321 to Route 204 – Oxford, Pugwash, River Philip
To Route 311 / Trunk 4 east – Bible Hill, Truro, Tatamagouche
To Trunk 4 / Route 376 – Salt Springs, Central West River, Durham
Trunk 4 to Route 289 / Cowan Street – Alma, Westville
Hwy 106 (TCH) north – Pictou, P.E.I. Ferry
Route 374 – New Glasgow, Stellarton, Trenton, Sheet Harbour
Route 348 (East River Road) – New Glasgow, Stellarton, Trenton
Trunk 4 / Route 245 north – Merigomish, Pine Tree, Little Harbour
Trunk 4 west / Route 316 south – St. Andrews, Guysborough, Goshen
Trunk 4 to Trunk 16 south – Monastery, Guysborough, Tracadie
Route 344 south – Mulgrave, St. Francis Harbour
Hwy 105 (TCH) east / Trunk 19 north – Inverness, Chéticamp, Baddeck, Sydney
Hwy 104 east of intersection
Route 320 – Louisdale, Arichat
