1.
Trans-Canada Highway
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The Trans-Canada Highway is a transcontinental federal-provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the Atlantic on the east. The main route spans 8,030 kilometres across the country, the system was approved by the Trans-Canada Highway Act of 1949, with construction commencing in 1950. The highway officially opened in 1962, and was completed in 1971, upon its original completion, the Trans-Canada Highway was the most lengthy uninterrupted highway in the world. The highway system is recognizable by its distinctive white-on-green maple leaf route markers, throughout much of Canada, there are at least two routes designated as part of the Trans-Canada Highway. For example, in the provinces, both the main Trans-Canada route and the Yellowhead Highway are part of the Trans-Canada system. As of 2012, this made it the longest electric vehicle ready highway in the world, the Trans-Canada is otherwise designated as east-west from Nanaimo to St. Johns, although there are significant north-south sections north of Hope, Sault Ste. From Departure Bay, a 57 km ferry route connects the highway to Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver, at this point, the Trans-Canada Highway becomes a high mobility freeway and passes through the Vancouver metropolitan area, crossing the Fraser River with the Port Mann Bridge. The section around the Bridge has started being electronically tolled as of 8 December 2012, from Horseshoe Bay, the TCH then heads 170 km east through the Fraser Valley to Hope. Then it continues 496 km east through Salmon Arm, Revelstoke, Rogers Pass, Golden, the northwest and northeast segments of Stoney Trail were completed in 2009, serving as an east-west bypass of Calgary. East of Calgary,293 km the highway reaches Medicine Hat. It continues 79 km east to the city of Regina that is bypassed by a freeway segment. Beyond Regina it continues east into Manitoba to the cities of Brandon and Portage la Prairie, throughout the prairie provinces, the speed limit varies from 90 km/h to 110 km/h. The speed limit is restricted to 90 km/h through national parks in Canada, east of Banff, most of Highway 1 through Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba is 110 km/h, but is 100 km/h east of Winnipeg. Speed limits on the British Columbia mainland segment of the Trans-Canada range from 80 km/h to 110 km/h, east of Winnipeg, the highway continues for over 200 kilometres to Kenora, Ontario. At the provincial border, the designation of the highway changes from 1 to 17. In Kenora, the Trans-Canada designation includes both the route through the citys urban core and the 33.6 km Highway 17A bypass route. The existing branch from Kenora continues east for 136 km to Dryden, a second branch extends 157 km southward along Highway 71 from Kenora to Chapple, then 320 km eastward along Highway 11 to Shabaqua Corners, where it reunites with Highway 17. Highway 11/Highway 17 proceeds southeast for 65 km to Thunder Bay, an 83-kilometre segment of the Trans-Canada Highway between Thunder Bay and Nipigon is commemorated as the Terry Fox Courage Highway
2.
New Brunswick Route 2
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Route 2 is a major provincial highway in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, carrying the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway in the province and a core route in the National Highway System. It is a 4-lane freeway in its entirety, the highway connects with Autoroute 85 at the border with Quebec and with Highway 104 at the border with Nova Scotia, as well as traffic from Interstate 95 via the Route 95 connector. Route 2 directly serves the cities of Edmundston, Fredericton and Moncton, a 20-year project to replace the original 1960s-era 2-lane Trans-Canada Highway with a 4-lane freeway was completed on November 1,2007. The final upgrade to Route 2 and its short connector Route 95 has extended the freeway network of North America east to New Glasgow. Once Autoroute 85 in Quebec is completed, Route 2 will also connect with the networks of central Canada without passing through the United States. The highways western terminus is at the boundary with Quebec 15 km north of Edmundston. At Grand Falls, the crosses to the west bank of the river and passes by Perth-Andover, Florenceville. At Woodstock the Saint John River turns east and the continues to parallel the river on a ridge several kilometres inland along the western bank. It passes south of Fredericton and Oromocto before crossing the northeastern edge of CFB Gagetown, the Saint John River turns south near Jemseg where the highway crosses the river on the Saint John River High Level Crossing and continues east over the Jemseg River using the Jemseg River Bridge. The highway leaves the valleys as it continues east across the rolling hills south of Grand Lake and passes by Havelock, River Glade. Route 2 was one of the initial routes defined in 1927, running from Quebec at Quebec Route 2s terminus to Nova Scotia via Edmundston, Grand Falls, Woodstock, Fredericton, Saint John and Moncton. The road on the east side of the river between Edmundston and Grand Falls had just been opened in about 1926, previously travelers had to pass through Maine on the west side. A Route 2A cut the distance between Fredericton and Saint John via a poorer-quality but more direct road, intersecting Route 2 at Oromocto, beyond Saint John, Route 2 went northeast via Sussex to Moncton, and then turned southeast to cross the Nova Scotia border near Sackville. The original path of Route 2 between Quebec and Sussex is now approximately the River Valley Scenic Drive. When the route of the Trans-Canada Highway was defined in about 1950, through the late 1950s and 1960s, a number of bypasses and realignments, mostly two-lane, were built to improve Route 2 with federal Trans-Canada Highway funds. The first, built in the 1950s, was around Moncton, the old road through Moncton became Route 2A, then Route 6 in 1965, and is now Route 106. Next was the bypass around Woodstock, traffic remaining on Route 2 to Saint John exited the bypass at what is now exit 7 for Route 7. Route 2 was moved to be identical with the Trans-Canada Highway, absorbing Route 9, the old alignment via Saint John, where it did not become Route 7 or an extension of Route 1, was renumbered as the new Route 102 between Oromocto and Westfield
3.
Moncton
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Moncton is a city located in Westmorland County in the southeastern portion of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has earned the nickname Hub City due to its inland location in the region and its history as a railway. The city proper has a population of 71,889 and has an area of 142 km2. The CMA includes the city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview, as well as adjacent suburban areas in Westmorland. Although the Moncton area was first settled in 1733, Moncton is considered to have founded in 1766 with the arrival of Pennsylvania Dutch immigrants from Philadelphia. An agricultural settlement, Moncton was not incorporated until 1855, the city was named for Lt. Col. Robert Monckton, the British officer who had captured nearby Fort Beauséjour a century earlier. Moncton regained its charter in 1875 after the economy rebounded. The city adopted the motto Resurgo after its rebirth as a railway town, the strength of Monctons economy has received national recognition and the local unemployment rate is consistently less than the national average. Acadians settled the head of the Bay of Fundy in the 1670s, the first reference to the Petcoucoyer River was on the De Meulles map of 1686. Settlement of the Petitcodiac and Memramcook river valleys began about 1700, gradually extending inland, in 1755, nearby Fort Beausejour was captured by English forces under the command of Lt. Col. Robert Monckton. The Beaubassin region including the Memramcook and Petitcodiac river valleys subsequently fell under English control, later that year, Governor Charles Lawrence issued a decree ordering the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. This action came to be known as the Great Upheaval, the Settlers consisted of eight families, Heinrick Stief, Jacob Treitz, Matthias Sommer, Jacob Reicker, Charles Jones, George Wortmann, Michael Lutz, and George Koppel. There is a dedicated in their honor at the mouth of Halls Creek. They renamed the settlement The Bend, the Bend remained an agricultural settlement for nearly 80 more years. Even by 1836, there were only 20 households in the community, at this time, the Westmorland Road became open to year round travel and a regular mail coach service was established between Saint John and Halifax. The Bend became an important transfer and rest station along the route, over the next decade, lumbering and then shipbuilding would become important industries in the area. The turning point for the community was when Joseph Salter took over a shipyard at the Bend in 1847, the expanded shipyard ultimately grew to employ about 400 workers
4.
New Brunswick
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New Brunswick is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally bilingual province. In the Canada 2016 Census, Statistics Canada estimated the population to have been 747,101, down very slightly from 751,171 in 2011. The majority of the population is English-speaking of Anglo and Celtic heritage and it was created as a result of the partitioning of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1784 and was originally named New Ireland with the capital to be in Saint John. The name was replaced with New Brunswick by King George II. The provincial flag features a ship superimposed on a background with a yellow lion passant guardant on red pennon above it. The province is named for the city of Braunschweig, known in English and Low German as Brunswick, located in modern-day Lower Saxony in northern Germany. The then-colony was named in 1784 to honour the reigning British monarch, George III, the original First Nations inhabitants of New Brunswick were members of three distinct tribes. The largest tribe was the Mikmaq, and they occupied the eastern and they were responsible for the Augustine Mound, a burial ground built about 800 BCE near Metepnákiaq. The western portion of the province was the home of the Wolastoqiyik people. The smaller Passamaquoddy tribe occupied lands in the southwest of the province. The next French contact was in 1604, when a party led by Pierre du Gua de Monts and Samuel de Champlain set up camp for the winter on St. Croix Island, the colony relocated the following year across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal, Nova Scotia. The whole maritime region was at that time claimed by France and was designated as the colony of Acadia, one of the provisions of the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 was the surrender of Acadia to Queen Anne. The bulk of the Acadian population thus found themselves residing in the new British colony of Nova Scotia, the remainder of Acadia was only lightly populated and poorly defended. The Maliseet from their headquarters at Meductic on the Saint John River, participated in guerilla raids and battles against New England during Father Rales War. About 1750, to protect his interests in New France, Louis XV caused three forts to be built along the Isthmus of Chignecto and this caused what is known to historians as Father Le Loutres War. During the French and Indian War, the British completed their displacement of the Acadians over all of present-day New Brunswick, Fort Beauséjour, Fort Menagoueche and Fort Gaspareaux were captured by a British force commanded by Lt. Col. Robert Monckton in 1755. Inside Fort Beauséjour, the British forces found not only French regular troops, Governor Charles Lawrence of Nova Scotia used the discovery of Acadian civilians helping in the defence of the fort to order the expulsion of the Acadian population from Nova Scotia. The Acadians of the recently captured Beaubassin and Petitcodiac regions were included in the expulsion order, other actions in the war included British expeditions up the Saint John River in the St. John River Campaign
5.
Nova Scotia Highway 102
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Highway 102 is a north-south highway in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia that runs from Halifax to Onslow, immediately north of the town of Truro. It is the busiest highway in Atlantic Canada, in 2000, the section of Highway 102 between Fall River and Truro was redesignated as Veterans Memorial Highway. Between Fall River and Halifax it is known as Bicentennial Drive or the Bicentennial Highway, the numerical designation for both sections is 102. The highway follows a 102-kilometre route through the part of the province linking Highway 103, Highway 101, and Highway 118 to Highway 104. This three-lane northbound section is not a result of high traffic volumes, rather. Previously, the section from Fall River to near Enfield was a three-lane undivided section, when the highway was twinned, the three lanes were left in place for northbound traffic. Portions of Highway 102 south of the Halifax International Airport pass through several microclimates and are notorious for frequent variations in visibility due to fog caused by elevation changes. The highway parallels the route of its predecessor, Trunk 2, initially, some sections were controlled access two-lane, as well as four-lane. The route has changed somewhat, particularly during the mid-1970s when the last part to be constructed resulted in the bypass of Shubenacadie. The initial speed limit on the highway was 100 km/h until 1997, South of Highway 118 and north of Millbrook, the highway retains its original 100 km/h speed limit. From the 1970s to the early 1990s, Highway 102 was actively patrolled by the RCMP using aerial surveillance for speed limit violations, the aerial surveillance program was restarted in 2005. This portion of the highway was officially named Bicentennial Drive, but it has known as the Bicentennial Highway, often shortened to Bi-Hi. The proposed Highway 113 would create a new interchange between Larry Uteck Boulevard and Hammonds Plains Road, Highway 113 is intended to be a connector from Highway 102 to Highway 103, serving as a bypass to the heavily traveled Hammonds Plains Road. Highway 113 is not yet budgeted and in some opposition has been mounted due to the route proposed. Interchange for Larry Uteck Boulevard A new interchange at Larry Uteck Boulevard was opened in 2010 between Exits 2 and 3 and it has since been connected on the west side of the interchange to Kearney Lake Road. This is the first major interchange to be built on Highway 102 since the mid-1990s and is intended to serve the growing community of Bedford South. The interchange is based on the traditional diamond layout but uses instead of signalized intersections at the ramps for increased safety and capacity. As part of project, Larry Uteck Boulevard was extended to the new interchange
6.
Truro, Nova Scotia
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Truro is a town in central Nova Scotia, Canada. Truro is the town of Colchester County and is located on the south side of the Salmon River floodplain. It is named after the city of Truro in Cornwall, United Kingdom, the Intercolonial, which later became the Canadian National Railway built a large roundhouse and rail yard in Truro. Further rail links to Cape Breton and to the Annapolis Valley through the Dominion Atlantic Railway in 1905 made the even more a transportation hub for Nova Scotia. The railway also attracted industries such as the Truro Woolen Mills in 1870 and provincial institutions like the provincial Normal School, the town officially incorporated in 1875. Many figures from the towns past are featured in over 40 tree sculptures which were carved in tree trunks after Truro lost most of its Elm trees to Dutch Elm Disease in the 1990s. The history of the town and surrounding county is preserved at the Colchester Historical Museum, an important highway interchange is located just north of Truro in the rural community of Onslow where Highway 102 ends at Highway 104 - both four lane expressways. Secondary roads Trunk 2 and Trunk 4 intersect in the town, important tertiary roads Route 236 and Route 311 end in the nearby communities of Lower Truro and Onslow respectively. Some of these also form part of the Glooscap Trail which is a scenic drive for tourists. Some small chunks of the Berlin Wall are located near the Agricultural Campus of Dalhousie University, Truro has two public high schools, Cobequid Educational Centre and the francophone École acadienne de Truro. Truro has two ice hockey rinks, Truro is home to the Truro Bearcats, a Junior A ice hockey team who are two time MJAHL Champions. Football is also a sport in the town with all games being played on Friday night at the Truro Amateur Athletic Club grounds. Truro Raceway conducts harness races every Sunday, Truro is also home to a rugby club, which hosts the World Indoor Sevens Rugby Championships. Truro enjoys a vibrant soccer scene centered about the local CC Riders soccer club which serves Tier2 soccer for both genders and all ages, outdoor soccer takes place between May and October and indoor 7-a-side and pickup games run through the winter months. Truro has a continental climate similar to the vast majority of the The Maritimes. The highest temperature recorded in Truro was 35.6 °C on 19 August 1935 and 15 August 1944. The coldest temperature recorded was −38.3 °C on 22 January 1934. With a land area of 34.49 km2, it had a density of 355. 5/km2 in 2016
7.
Nova Scotia Highway 106
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Highway 106 is a 19 km 2-lane limited-access highway located within Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The provincial government named the highway the Jubilee Highway on December 21,2012 in honour of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIs Diamond Jubilee, Highway 106 begins at a trumpet interchange with Highway 104. The route bypasses to the west side of New Glasgow by running along the centre of Abercrombie Point and it crosses Pictou Harbour to the town of Pictou using the Harvey A. Veniot Causeway, which opened in 1968. A traffic circle at the west end of Pictou, known as the Pictou Rotary, connects Highway 106 with the centre of town as well as Trunk 6, the route is a super two expressway except for a short section of at-grade two lane highway near the northern terminus. The route ends in Caribou at the Northumberland Ferries terminal to Prince Edward Island, the entire route is in Pictou County
8.
New Glasgow, Nova Scotia
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New Glasgow is a town in Pictou County, in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated on the banks of the East River of Pictou, which flows into Pictou Harbour, the towns population was 9,075 in the 2016 census. New Glasgow is at the centre of the fourth largest urban area. The New Glasgow census agglomeration includes the adjacent towns of Stellarton, Westville. Sir Robert Kenney founded New Glasgow, Scottish immigrants, including those on the ship Hector in 1773, settled the area of the East River of Pictou during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Deacon Thomas Fraser first settled the area at the head of navigation on the East River of Pictou in 1784, the settlement was officially named New Glasgow, after Glasgow in Scotland, in 1809, the same year its first trading post was developed. The discovery of coal deposits in the East River valley during the early 19th century saw New Glasgow, at the head of navigation, quickly develop into a manufacturing. In 1829, a tramway was built using standard gauge rails from the settlement of Albion Mines to a wharf near New Glasgow. This was the first use of standard gauge rails in what would become Canada. On September 19,1839, the Albion Railway was opened from Albion Mines to New Glasgow and this was the second steam-powered railway in what would become Canada and the first to use iron rails. The railway was extended north to a loading pier at Dunbars Point on May 14,1840. In 1840, George MacKenzie started the towns first shipbuilding company, in June 1867, the Nova Scotia Railway opened its Eastern Line from Truro through New Glasgow to its terminus at the passenger and cargo wharf in Pictou Landing. Economic development in New Glasgow was driven by the industry in neighbouring Trenton, shipbuilding and shipping in Pictou and Pictou Landing. After World War I, the famous New York sculptor J. Massey Rhind was commissioned to make the Nova Scotia Highlander soldier cenotaph, in 1946, New Glasgow was the setting for an important civil rights case when Viola Desmond challenged racial segregation of New Glasgows Roseland Theatre. New Glasgow became a centre for the county during the late 20th century as shopping centres, retail. In 2016, Moneysense ranked New Glasgow last out of 219 cities as Canadas worst place to live, talk of amalgamating the 6 municipal units in Pictou County has increased in recent years. Among the reasons for this, small towns adjacent to New Glasgow are having a hard time coping financially on their own due to the declining economy, also, Pictou County has the most politicians per capita in Canada. The two most often suggested scenarios involve amalgamating the entire county into a regional municipality, or amalgamating the upper East River towns into a single larger town
9.
Nova Scotia Highway 105
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Highway 105 in Nova Scotia represents the Cape Breton Island leg of the Trans-Canada Highway. It runs from the Port Hastings Rotary just east of the Canso Causeway in Port Hastings to the Marine Atlantic ferry terminal in North Sydney, the highway travels northeast from Port Hastings along the base of a group of mountains known as The Big Ridge to Whycocomagh. It then follows the shore of Bras dOr Lake, bypassing Baddeck on a short Super two controlled access segment. Still running in a general northeast direction, at St. Anns the highway begins ascending the west slope of Kellys Mountain on the Cape Dauphin Peninsula. The road crosses Boularderie Island using another short Super two controlled access segment and then runs southeast as an access road through the villages of Bras dOr. Highway 105 regains controlled access for the final 3 km to its terminus at the Marine Atlantic ferry terminal in North Sydney where travellers can continue to Newfoundland. With some minor exceptions noted above, the highway is two lanes and uncontrolled access, in addition, there are two intersections controlled by traffic lights in Florence. The Cabot Trail, which is used to describe a different road, is signed along a portion of Highway 105 between Nyanza and St. Anns so that the signed route forms a loop. The 105 name was applied in 1970, trunk 5 was a provincial trunk road in Victoria County and the Cape Breton Regional Municipality between Boularderie East and Millville Boularderie on Boularderie Island in Nova Scotia. The route, known as Millville Highway, was the highway before Nova Scotia Highway 105 opened. It originally extended from Sydney River to Port Hawkesbury and it is now commonly known as Old Route 5
10.
Port Hawkesbury
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Port Hawkesbury is a town located on the southwestern end of Cape Breton Island, on the north shore of the Strait of Canso, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The towns schools are Tamarac Education Centre, SAERC and the Strait Area Campus of the Nova Scotia Community College, the community is named after Admiral Sir Edward Hawke. Schooners and fishing boats were built for the inshore and banks fishery by firms such as the noted boatbuilder H. W. Embree. The port further developed in the 19th century when railway connections arrived, Port Hawkesbury experiences a Humid continental climate. Due to the proximity to surrounding bodies of water, seasons tend to be delayed compared to areas further inland. Precipitation is high, with the fall and winter being the wettest time of year, winters are cold, snowy and stormy with frequent snowstorms. Summer is the most pleasant time of year, with less precipitation. The highest temperature recorded in the strait area was 35.0 °C on 7 July 1912 and 19 July 1975. The coldest temperature recorded was −28.5 °C on 7 February 1993. With a land area of 8.1 km2, it had a density of 396. 8/km2 in 2016. Burnt Island Provincial Park Lennox Passage Provincial Park 101.5 - The Hawk SAERC FM -93, the Port handled 31.6 million metric tonnes in 2006,21.6 million tonnes of crude petroleum. The port is served by tugs of Svitzer Towing such as the tug Point Chebucto, historically it was a stop for American coastal steam ships. Her best selling novels include Strange Heaven, Play the Monster Blind, Saints of Big Harbour, the Giller Prize nominated Antagonist, mark Day, a film and television actor now living in Toronto and Los Angeles. Henry Embree, noted 19th-century boatbuilder Aaron Johnson, an NHL draft pick now playing with the AHLs Stockton Heat, arthur John Langley, entrepreneur, civic politician, mayor for several terms. Owned marine railway in Point Tupper, henry Nicholas Paint, member of Parliament for Richmond County, merchant and land owner. His family received land grants at Belle Vue on the Strait of Canso in 1817 and at Point Tupper in 1863, list of municipalities in Nova Scotia Town of Port Hawkesbury
11.
Nova Scotia Trunk 4
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Trunk 4 is part of the Canadian province of Nova Scotias system of Trunk Highways. The route runs from Highway 104 exit 7 at Thomson Station to Glace Bay, until the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, Trunk 4 was a major traffic link in northern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, and is still used on Cape Breton as an alternative to Highway 105. The highway was called the Kings Highway, however, this name is no longer applied to the entire road. The only remaining section of the highway that maintains the name King is Kings Road in Sydney. Thomson Station to Glenholme The section between the terminus at Exit 7, Highway 104 in Thomson Station to Mahoneys Corner was originally built as Highway 104 in the 1960s. It was bypassed by the Cobequid Pass in 1997 and redesignated Trunk 4 at that time, the section between Mahoneys Corner and Glenholme was originally part of Trunk 4 until the 1960s when it was designated Highway 104. This section was also redesignated Trunk 4 in 1997 after the opening of the Cobequid Pass, Glenholme to Onslow The section between Glenholme and Onslow is co-designated with Trunk 2. Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Exit 14A, Highway 102 in the west and Pictou Road in Bible Hill in the east, Bible Hill to Barneys River Station Trunk 4 reappears in Bible Hill, following Pictou Road and the original Trunk 4 alignment east. In Kemptown, Trunk 4 follows an old alignment of Highway 104 for several kilometres, Trunk 4 continues east of Kemptown on its original alignment through Mount Thom to Salt Springs. From Salt Springs to Westville, the present alignment of Trunk 4 was used as Highway 104 from the 1960s until being bypassed in the 1990s, now redesignated Trunk 4, the highway designation continues into Westville on Truro Road and then Westville Road. At Sutherlands River, Trunk 4 follows a new alignment between School Rd and Highway 245 and it then continues east to Barneys River Station. Marshy Hope to South River Station Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Barneys River Station and Marshy Hope as Highway 104 uses the old Trunk 4 alignment for this section, from Marshy Hope, Trunk 4 proceeds east to Antigonish. In Antigonish, it follows Post Road, James Street, Main Street, east of Antigonish it proceeds to South River Station. Heatherton to Aulds Cove Trunk 4 is discontinuous between South River Station and Heatherton as Highway 104 mostly uses the old Trunk 4 alignment, from Heatherton, Trunk 4 proceeds east to Aulds Cove. Port Hastings to Glace Bay Trunk 4 is discontinuous between Aulds Cove and Port Hastings as Highway 104 uses the old Trunk 4 alignment. From Port Hastings, Trunk 4 proceeds east through Port Hawkesbury and St. Peters before turning northeast along the shore of Bras dOr Lake through Big Pond. It continues east to Sydney River to Sydney, in Sydney it follows Kings Road, Esplanade Road, Welton Street, and Grand Lake Road. East of Sydney it continues to Reserve Mines and Glace Bay, in Glace Bay it follows Reserve Street and Union Street and ends at the intersection of Union and Commercial Streets
12.
St. Peter's, Nova Scotia
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St. Peters is a small incorporated village located on Cape Breton Island in Richmond County, Nova Scotia, Canada. This village is located on an isthmus which separates the southern end of Bras dOr Lake, known as St. Peters Inlet. The isthmus is crossed by the St. Peters Canal which is almost exclusively used by boats in recent decades. It is home to Battery Provincial Park. This park is situated on a hillside overlooking St. Peter’s Bay adjacent to the St. Peter’s Canal National Historic Site and its entrance is on the east side of the bridge at the canal. Battery features a small beach, an interpretive display, picnic area with ocean frontage. St. Peters is also located on Trunk 4, one of the trunk or secondary highways. An expressway, Highway 104, is scheduled to be extended from its present terminus several kilometres west of St. Peters to Sydney, when this occurs, Highway 104 will carry the Trans-Canada Highway designation on Cape Breton Island, for which Highway 105 is now designated. The Nicholas Denys Museum is located in the village, but is open in the summer. St. Peters used to be served by a Canadian National Railways branchline which was abandoned in the early 1980s, St. Peters is one of North Americas oldest European establishments. Prior to the arrival of the French, it was a Portuguese trading and fishing post named Santo Pedro in the 16th century. In addition to establishing a fur trading post, Denys later used the isthmus as a road for portaging small sailing ships from Bras dOr Lake to the Atlantic. In 1653, along with raiding Pentagouet, LaHave, Nova Scotia, Denys was taken prisoner and returned to France. Nicolas Denys was here between 1650–1669 and then Cape Breton remained unsettled by Europeans until the establishment of Louisbourg and re-establishment of Fort Dauphin, France lost possession of present-day peninsular Nova Scotia to Britain in the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. France began moving some Acadian colonists to Île Royale to populate this remaining outpost of French Acadia, to protect Port Toulouse, Rouville built another fortification on the shore called Point Jérome. Along with Saint-Pierre, the French also established Fort St. Anne at present-day Englishtown as the garrison on Île Royal to support the Fortress of Louisbourg. During King Georges War, just prior to the Siege of Louisbourg, in August 1752 during Father Le Loutres War, the schooners Friendship of Halifax and Dolphin of New England were seized and 21 prisoners held for ransom by Mikmaq at St. Peters. After Louisbourg fell on 26 July 1758, French officer Boishébert withdrew, boishebert brought back a large number of Acadians from the region around Port Toulouse to the security of his post at Beaubears Island on the Miramichi River. After the war, Britain sponsored settlers and displaced veterans from the Seven Years War to move into the area of Port Toulouse, France declared war on Great Britain on 1 February 1793 during the French Revolutionary Wars
13.
Nova Scotia Highway 103
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Highway 103 is an east-west highway in Nova Scotia that runs from Halifax to Yarmouth. The highway follows a route of 294 km along the provinces South Shore region fronting the Atlantic coast, the route parallels its predecessor, local Trunk 3. The highway varies from 2-lane controlled access to 2-lane local secondary roads on the section between Yarmouth and Hebbville, east of Hebbville to Upper Tantallon, the highway is 2-lane controlled access, with the exception of a short 4-lane divided freeway near Chester. From Upper Tantallon, to the interchange with Highway 102 in Halifax, in 2013, Highway 103 was redesignated as the Fishermens Memorial Highway. In November 2006, construction was completed that twinned 15 kilometers of highway between Exit 3 and Exit 5, in 2009, it was considered Nova Scotias deadliest highway and was ranked the second most dangerous highway in Canada by the Canadian Automobile Association. In 2009 alone, ten died in automobile accidents on the highway, according to the Nova Scotia Department of Transportation. Between 2008 and 2012, there were 22 fatalities on the highway, on May 27,2007, six people were killed when a car collided with two motorcycles near Blockhouse. It has been considered one of the worst motor vehicle accidents in Nova Scotias history, on June 8,2008, three people were killed in a head-on collision near Tantallon. On December 14,2008, two people were killed and four were injured in a collision near Hubbards. On February 17,2009, one person was killed in a collision near Hubbards. On May 30,2011, one person was killed in a vehicle accident near Pubnico. On June 21,2011, one person was killed in a collision with a tractor trailer carrying 41,000 litres of fuel. On September 4,2011, one person was killed in a vehicle accident near Tantallon. On October 1,2011, two people were killed and one was left in critical condition due to a collision that occurred between Exits 7 and 8. On July 21,2012, one person was killed in an accident that occurred between Exit 5 and Exit 6. On November 12,2012, one person was killed near Liverpool when his car collided head-on with a five-tonne truck, on December 9,2012, a 17-year-old male was killed near Clyde River when the vehicle he was in rolled over and he was ejected. On June 2,2013, a 40-year-old male was killed near Lunenburg when his car collided with an 18-wheeler, two other people were taken to hospital with serious injuries. On October 27,2014, one person was killed when a car collided head-on with a truck near Oakhill
14.
Nova Scotia
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Nova Scotia is one of Canadas three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces which form Atlantic Canada. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province, with an area of 55,284 square kilometres, including Cape Breton, as of 2016, the population was 923,598. Nova Scotia is the second most-densely populated province in Canada with 17.4 inhabitants per square kilometre, Nova Scotia means New Scotland in Latin and is the recognized English language name for the province. In Scottish Gaelic, the province is called Alba Nuadh, which simply means New Scotland. Nova Scotia is Canadas second-smallest province in area after Prince Edward Island, the provinces mainland is the Nova Scotia peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, including numerous bays and estuaries. Nowhere in Nova Scotia is more than 67 km from the ocean, Nova Scotia has many ancient fossil-bearing rock formations. These formations are rich on the Bay of Fundys shores. Blue Beach near Hantsport, Joggins Fossil Cliffs, on the Bay of Fundys shores, has yielded an abundance of Carboniferous age fossils, wassons Bluff, near the town of Parrsboro, has yielded both Triassic and Jurassic age fossils. Nova Scotia lies in the mid-temperate zone, since the province is almost surrounded by the sea, the climate is closer to maritime than to continental climate. The winter and summer temperature extremes of the climate are moderated by the ocean. However, winters are cold enough to be classified as continental – still being nearer the freezing point than inland areas to the west. The Nova Scotia climate is in ways similar to the central Baltic Sea coast in Northern Europe. This is in spite of Nova Scotia being some fifteen parallels south, areas not on the Atlantic coast experience warmer summers more typical of inland areas, and winter lows a little colder. The province includes regions of the Mikmaq nation of Mikmaki, the Mikmaq people inhabited Nova Scotia at the time the first European colonists arrived. In 1605, French colonists established the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada at Port Royal, the British conquest of Acadia took place in 1710. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 formally recognized this and returned Cape Breton Island to the French, present-day New Brunswick then still formed a part of the French colony of Acadia. The British changed the name of the capital from Port Royal to Annapolis Royal, in 1749, the capital of Nova Scotia moved from Annapolis Royal to the newly established Halifax. In 1755 the vast majority of the French population were removed in the Expulsion of the Acadians
15.
Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia
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Fort Lawrence is a Canadian rural community located on the Isthmus of Chignecto in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, which is named after Fort Lawrence. Situated 1 km east of the Missaguash River which forms the boundary with New Brunswick. Aside from the more prominent Aulac Ridge, the Fort Lawrence Ridge is surrounded by the plain of the Tantramar Marshes with a commanding view of the Cumberland Basin. Referred by the Mikmaq as Kwesomalegek, meaning a hardwood point, the area was also known as Missiquash or Missaguash, a Mikmaq name meaning marsh river. In response, the French military constructed the more elaborate Fort Beauséjour on the Aulac Ridge,1.5 km to the west, Fort Lawrence soon fell into disrepair and nothing remained of the facility after several decades. The community and ridge it sits upon now bears the name he gave the fort, in 1872 the Intercolonial Railway of Canada was constructed south of the community, on the route between Truro and Moncton. The original road through Fort Lawrence was called LaPlanche Street, in the 1960s, Highway 104, the Trans-Canada Highway, was constructed across the ridge immediately north of the site of the fort. It connected with Highway 2 in New Brunswick at the bridge over the Missaguash River, the Nova Scotia provincial government constructed a visitor information centre with a traffic circle which was famous in the summer months when a bag piper would serenade tourists. Subsequent highway upgrades saw a new 4-lane alignment built several dozen metres to the north, todays community of Fort Lawrence consists of a handful of small mixed farms and residential homes, largely functioning as a suburb of Amherst. The original alignment of the 1960s-era Trans-Canada Highway has been redesignated Laplanche Street and is a road connecting to the west end of Amherst. Several closed hotels and restaurants are located along this once-busy strip
16.
Amherst, Nova Scotia
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Amherst is a Canadian town in northwestern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia. It is also located 60 kilometres southwest of the New Brunswick abutment of the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island at Cape Jourimain, Amherst is the shire town and largest population centre in Cumberland County. According to Dr. Graham P. Hennessey, The Micmac name was Nemcheboogwek meaning going up rising ground, the Acadians who settled here as early as 1672 called the village Les Planches. The village was later renamed Amherst by Colonel Joseph Morse in honour of Lord Amherst and these settlers were joined by United Empire Loyalists. A mill was built on the current townsite, and the residents moved there to be closer to work, during the 19th century, Amherst became an important regional centre for shipbuilding and other services to outlying communities. An indication of the importance in Canadian history is seen with its four Fathers of Confederation. Dickey, Jonathan McCully, and Sir Charles Tupper, during the late 19th century, local industrialists and entrepreneurs constructed many fine Victorian and Edwardian homes along Victoria Street East, leading toward the farming hamlet of East Amherst. Many notable residents have lived in this district, including Tupper, Senator Thomas R. Black, the Barker Family, the Lamy Family, the Pugsley Family and Mary Simmons Critchley. Amherst experienced unprecedented industrialization in the late 1870s after the Intercolonial Railway of Canada constructed its line from Halifax to Quebec through the town in 1872. The economic boom created by the arrival of the Intercolonial Railway lasted through World War I and numerous foundries, factories and mills opened, in 1908, the manufacturing output of Amhersts industries was not exceeded by any centre in the Maritime Provinces. Many of the old buildings along Victoria Street are considered industrial artifacts because they were constructed during a period of tremendous industry growth. Local contractors employed local craftsmen, who used local materials, notice the emphasis on sandstone and brick, both locally produced and delightful detail which reflects the skilled craftsmanship prevalent in the 19th century. A Prisoner-of-war camp was set up at Malleable Iron Foundry in Amherst, during the Amherst general strike in 1919, worker unrest over social and economic conditions led to mass protests in sympathy with the Winnipeg general strike. Amherst had an industrial park constructed during the 1960s when the Trans-Canada Highway was being developed. Today the majority of the major employers are located there, including PolyCello. During World War II, the Royal Canadian Navy named a Flower class corvette HMCS Amherst, the town is currently served by Via Rails Halifax-to-Montreal train Ocean. Amherst is the centre for Cumberland County and the southeastern part of Westmorland County. Shoppers Drug Mart was the towns anchor pharmacy retail until its closure on October 8,2015 due to the periods of declining profits
17.
Cape Breton Island
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Cape Breton Island is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Its name may derive from Capbreton near Bayonne, or more probably from the word Breton, the French adjective form of the proper noun Bretagne, the 10,311 km2 island accounts for 18. 7% of the Nova Scotias total area. Although physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso, the island is east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, its western coast also forms the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait. The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean, its eastern coast also forms the limits of the Cabot Strait. Its landmass slopes upward from south to north, culminating in the highlands of its northern cape, one of the worlds larger salt water lakes, Bras dOr, dominates the islands centre. The island is divided into four of Nova Scotias eighteen counties, Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond and their total population at the 2016 census numbered 132,010 Cape Bretoners, this is approximately 15% of the provincial population. Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 2.9 since the 2011 census, the island has five reserves of the Mikmaq Nation, Eskasoni, Membertou, Wagmatcook, Waycobah, and Potlotek/Chapel Island. Eskasoni is the largest in population and land area. Cape Breton Islands first residents were likely Archaic maritime natives, ancestors of the Mikmaq, John Cabot reportedly visited the island in 1497. However, historians are unclear as to whether Cabot first visited Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island and this discovery is commemorated by Cape Bretons Cabot Trail, and by the Cabots Landing Historic Site & Provincial Park, near the village of Dingwall. In about 1521–22, the Portuguese under João Álvares Fagundes established a colony on the island. As many as two hundred settlers lived in a village, the name of which is not known, located according to historians at what is now present day Ingonish on the islands northeastern peninsula. This Portuguese colonys fate is unknown, but it is mentioned as late as 1570 and these Scottish triumphs, which left Cape Sable as the only major French holding in North America, did not last. Charles I’s haste to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The French quickly defeated the Scots at Baleine, and established the first permanent settlements on Île Royale, present day Englishtown and these settlements lasted almost continuously until Nicolas Denys left in 1659. Île Royale was vacant for more than fifty years until the communities along with Louisbourg were established in 1713, known as Île Royale to the French, the island also saw active settlement by France. The French also built the Louisbourg Lighthouse in 1734, the first lighthouse in Canada, in addition to Cape Breton Island, the French colony of Île Royale also included Île Saint-Jean, today called Prince Edward Island. Louisbourg itself was one of the most important commercial and military centres in New France, Louisbourg was captured by New Englanders with British naval assistance in 1745 and by British forces in 1758
18.
Springhill mining disaster
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These entities merged in 1884 to form the Cumberland Railway & Coal Company Ltd. which its investors sold in 1910 to the industrial conglomerate Dominion Coal Company Ltd. Following the third disaster in 1958, the operator Dominion Steel & Coal Corporation Ltd. then a subsidiary of the A. V, roe Canada Company Ltd. shut its mining operations in Springhill, and they were never reopened. Some of the victims were 10 to 13 years old, rescue efforts throughout that afternoon and evening were made easier by the lack of fire in No.1 and No. The song La Mine by the French Canadian folk group Le Vent du Nord on their 2009 album La part du feu relates to the 1891 explosion. The flow of air disturbed the dust on the train cars. Before the train reached the surface, several cars broke loose,4, derailing along the way and hitting a power line, causing it to arc and ignite the coal dust at the 5, 500-foot level. Heroically, Drägermen and barefaced miners entered the 6, 100-foot-deep No.4 to aid their colleagues,39 miners died, and 88 were rescued. Media coverage of the 1956 explosion was largely overshadowed by the Soviet invasion of Hungary and the Suez Crisis, nevertheless, Canadian and local media gave extensive coverage to the 1956 disaster. After the rescue effort, the connected No.4 and No.2 collieries were sealed for several months to deprive the fires of oxygen, in January 1957, the bodies of the remaining casualties were recovered from the pit, and No.4 colliery closed forever. The 1958 bump, which occurred on October 23,1958, was the most severe bump in North American mining history. The 1958 bump devastated the people of Springhill for the casualties suffered, it also devastated the town. It is not exactly known what causes a bump and it could be the result of coal being totally removed from a bedrock unit or stratum. The resulting geological stresses upon overlying strata may cause the pillars to suddenly and catastrophically disintegrate, No.2 colliery was one of the deepest coal mines in the world. Sloping shafts 14,200 feet in length led to a vast labyrinth of galleries more than 4,000 feet below the surface. On October 23 a small bump occurred at 7,00 pm during the shift, it was ignored. However, just over an hour later, at 8,06 pm, the bump spread as three distinct shock waves, resembling a small earthquake throughout the region, alerting residents on the surface over a wide area to the disaster. Dräger teams and teams of barefaced miners entered No.2 colliery to begin the rescue effort and they encountered survivors at the 13, 400-foot level walking or limping toward the surface. Miners not saved by being either in side galleries or some other shelter were immediately crushed during the bump,75 survivors were on the surface by 4,00 am on October 24,1958
19.
Controlled-access highway
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A controlled-access highway is a type of highway which has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow and ingress/egress regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway, other similar terms include Interstate and parkway. Some of which may be limited-access highways, although this term can refer to a class of highway with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following Vienna convention, the motorway qualification implies they are forbidden for walking or parking, a controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals, intersections or property access. They are free of any at-grade crossings with roads, railways, or pedestrian paths. Entrances and exits to the highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads, on the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety and capacity, controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924 connecting Milan to Varese, Germany began to build its first 30-kilometre autobahn controlled-access highway without speed limits in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn. It then rapidly constructed a system of such roads in anticipation of their use in the Second World War. The first North American freeways opened in the New York City area in the 1920s, Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway, the Preston By-pass, until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature a network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel. Many have a national-level or even international-level system of route numbering, exit is marked with another symbol. The definitions of motorway from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical, british Standards Motorway, Limited-access dual carriageway road, not crossed on the same level by other traffic lanes, for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicle. ITE Freeway, A divided major roadway with full control of access and this definition applies to toll as well as toll-free roads. Freeway A, This designates roadways with greater complexity and high traffic volumes. Usually this type of freeway will be found in areas in or near the central core. Freeway B, This designates all other divided roadways with full control of access where lighting is needed, principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control, other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads
20.
Super two
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It is often built for eventual conversion to freeway or at least divided highway status once traffic volumes rise. It has also used in cases where environmental concerns are prevalent. In Ireland, the term wide two-lane is used by the National Roads Authority in the planning of routes using such a road type, in policy documents, the designation WS2 is used. Wide two-lane roads are common on roads, both on less important but medium-capacity routes, and on more important routes not yet upgraded to dual carriageway or motorway. Wide two-lane roads in the Republic generally have hard shoulders and are undivided single carriageway, grade separation of junctions has been used on some schemes—for example the N20 bypassing Croom. Most wide two lane roads are wide enough that one can overtake without crossing the line, if a vehicle in front pulls into the hard shoulder. Many future national road schemes in the Republic will use 2+1 roads or 2+2 roads, wide two lane, if finished to particularly high quality, with grade separated interchanges, has been shown to lead to a false sense of security and more dangerous driving. WS2 is also the used in the UK for a wide single carriageway. In Texas, a 2 lane highway that has a passing lane is called a Super 2
21.
Oxford, Nova Scotia
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Oxford is a town in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, Canada 32 km east of Amherst. The town is serviced by Routes 104,204,301. Oxford was founded in 1791 by settler Richard Thompson, the name Oxford is derived from the shallow river that was used to enter the town. Early settlers used Oxen to cross, or ford, the river, Oxford is located at the junctions of three rivers, the largest of which is River Philip. Much of the lies in a floodplain and floods are common during the springtime. Salt Lake is located between the Black River Road and the Trans Canada Highway, a series of swamps and meadows connect this lake to the River Philip. With a land area of 10.76 km2, it had a density of 110. 6/km2 in 2016. Oxford is considered the wild blueberry capital of Canada as it is centred in a large blueberry growing region, Oxford Frozen Foods Ltd. a wild blueberry processor, is the largest employer in the town, processing up to three million pounds of berries a day during peak season. The plant and over 12,000 acres blueberry land are owned by businessman, John Bragg. Historically, the town was home to a vibrant manufacturing industry with a woollen mill, centrally located in Cumberland County, Oxford is well connected to the provincial and national road network. In terms of transport, the town is serviced by Acadian Bus Lines. Historically, the town had freight and passenger service via CNs Oxford Subdivision, known locally as the Short Line. Passenger service was discontinued in 1960 and the line was abandoned in the 1990s, the abandoned rail line has been reborn as a part of the Trans Canada Trail system. This section of the trail extends 127-km from Oxford to Pictou and it winds through farms, fields and forests for all season recreational use
22.
Cobequid Pass
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The Cobequid Pass is the name given to a 45 km tolled section of Highway 104 between Thomson Station, Cumberland County and Masstown, Colchester County in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. The toll plaza is located near the point in Londonderry. The Cobequid Pass received its name from a combination of the Cobequid Mountains, there is no geographic feature in Nova Scotia, such as an actual mountain pass in the Cobequid Mountains, having the name Cobequid Pass. It has a speed limit of 110 kilometres per hour throughout. The Cobequid Pass Toll Highway was built with CAD $66 million in financing and CAD $27.5 million from the Government of Nova Scotia. The private financing loan is being paid back through tolls collected at a booth located between KM72 and 73 in Londonderry, Colchester County. Tolls for this section are currently established at $4 for cars, there is both electronic toll collection as well as toll booth operators who only accept cash. Toll collection operations are run by Atlantic Highway Management Corporation Limited, both are now owned by Aecon. AHC guaranteed the highway for three years, which was a warranty period at that time, and all deficiencies were repaired at their expense. Since the warranty expired in 2000 maintenance has been performed by the Department of Transportation & Infrastructure Renewal. Beginning in the fall of 1994 and continuing into 1995, national and local media began reporting on a controversy involving the $27.5 million funding for this project from the Government of Canada. Dingwalls federal riding of Cape Breton—East Richmond, as well as that of provincial Minister of Transportation and Public Works, Richard Manns riding of Richmond
23.
Toll road
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A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private roadway for which a fee is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the cost of road construction, the amount of the toll usually varies by vehicle type, weight, or number of axles, with freight trucks often charged higher rates than cars. Tolls are collected at points known as toll booths, toll houses, plazas, stations, bars, some toll collection points are unmanned and the user deposits money in a machine which opens the gate once the correct toll has been paid. To cut costs and minimize time delay many tolls today are collected by some form of automatic or electronic toll collection equipment which communicates electronically with a toll payers transponder, Toll booths are usually still required for the occasional users who do not have a transponder. The tolls are often prepaid or collected automatically from a credit card service. Some toll roads have automated toll enforcement systems that take photos of drivers who do not pay the tolls and they typically get the toll bill delivered to them in the mail. Criticisms of toll roads include the time taken to stop and pay the toll, automated toll paying systems help minimize both of these. Others object to paying twice for the road, in fuel taxes. In addition to roads, toll bridges and toll tunnels are also used by public authorities to generate funds to repay the cost of building the structures. Some tolls are set aside to pay for maintenance or enhancement of infrastructure, or are applied as a general fund by local governments. This is sometimes limited or prohibited by government legislation. Also road congestion pricing schemes have been implemented in a number of urban areas as a transportation demand management tool to try to reduce traffic congestion. Toll roads have existed for at least the last 2,700 years, as tolls had to be paid by travellers using the Susa–Babylon highway under the regime of Ashurbanipal, aristotle and Pliny refer to tolls in Arabia and other parts of Asia. In India, before the 4th century BC, the Arthasastra notes the use of tolls, germanic tribes charged tolls to travellers across mountain passes. A 14th-century example is Castle Loevestein in the Netherlands, which was built at a point where two rivers meet. River tolls were charged on boats sailing along the river, in 14th-century England, some of the most heavily used roads were repaired with money raised from tolls by pavage grants. Widespread toll roads sometimes restricted traffic so much, by their high tolls, tolls were used in the Holy Roman Empire in the 14th and 15th centuries. In the 20th century, road tolls were introduced in Europe to finance the construction of motorway networks and specific transport infrastructure such as bridges, Italy was the first European country to charge motorway tolls, on a 50 km motorway section near Milan in 1924
24.
Westville, Nova Scotia
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Westville is a town in Pictou County, Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located immediately west of Stellarton and about four kilometres southwest of New Glasgow, originally called Acadian Village, the name Westville was chosen because the community was west of the Albion Mines. Westville has a history of coal mining dating back to 1864 when coal was first discovered. The opening of the Acadia Mine followed in 1866, Westville, along with Stellarton, was once home to a thriving coal mining industry. At its peak, during World War I, Westville boasted three underground workings, the Black Diamond, the Acadia, and the Drummond, Westville was the site of the Drummond Mine explosion on May 13,1873. The last underground mine, the Drummond pit, closed in the 1970s, extensive open-pit mining on the Drummond and Acadia sites was carried out throughout the 1980s and 1990s, by Pioneer Coal Limited of Antigonish, Nova Scotia. In the early 1900s Westville also boasted the largest natural ice skating rink east of Montreal, today the miners monument at Acadia Park honoring those touched by the towns mining disasters, and a community centre is all that remains of its proud coal mining heritage. The war memorial was sculpted by the renowned Emanuel Hahn, like many coal towns Westville was a hotbed of sports. Baseball was very popular among the miners, one of the Westville baseball teams was crowned Maritime champion in 1927 and the legendary Babe Ruth visited the town in 1936 and hit a ball over the centre field fence. The town also sponsored championship cricket, lacrosse, football and hockey teams, with a land area of 14.23 km2, it had a population density of 255. 0/km2 in 2016. While mainly a community, Westvilles Main Street features banks, shops, restaurants. A Nova Scotia highway rest stop was opened at the end of Cowan Street off exit 21 of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the largest Canada Day celebrations in Atlantic Canada takes place in Westville. The five-day event includes a county fair, street parade, the year 2007 marked the 100th anniversary of Westvilles Canada Day celebrations. Lisa Haley of Westville was Assistant Coach of the Canada womens national ice hockey team won the Gold Medal at the 2014 Sochi Olympics. List of municipalities in Nova Scotia Town of Westville Official Website
25.
Stellarton
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Stellarton is a town located in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is adjacent and to the south of the town of New Glasgow. In pioneer times the area was called Coal Mines Station, and from 1833 until 1870, it was known as Albion Mines. The town was incorporated as Stellarton in 1889 and owes its name to a type of torbanite which came to be known as stellarite because of the stars of fire given off by its sparky flame. In the 1790s, coal became a key focus of the local economy. The Foord coal seam runs through most of the town and is part of the greater Stellarton Basin/Pictou Coalfield, samson is now preserved at the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry in Stellarton. With a land area of 8.99 km2, it had a density of 468. 1/km2 in 2016. The town is home to coal mining operations, an open pit mine is operated by Pioneer Coal. The Canadian grocery chain Sobeys is based out of Stellarton, and its corporate offices, Sobeys subsidiaries based in Stellarton include Big 8 Beverages, TRA Cash and Carry, Eastern Sign-Print and Regional Distribution Centre. One business that did not work out was the Clairtone factory, Stellarton is home to the Nova Scotia Museum of Industry, part of the Nova Scotia Museum system. Stellarton is noted for its painted fire hydrants, each adorned with a representative of a town inhabitant or profession. James Peter Robertson - recipient of the Victoria Cross Leo McKay, Jr. - novelist List of municipalities in Nova Scotia Town of Stellarton
26.
Antigonish, Nova Scotia
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Antigonish is a town in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland and it is approximately 160 kilometres northeast of Halifax, the provincial capital. The first European settlement took place in 1784 when Lt. Colonel Timothy Hierlihy of the Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment received a land grant surrounding Antigonish Harbour. Hierlihy and his party founded the Dorchester settlement, named for Sir Guy Carleton, in 1796 another settler, with the assistance of a First Nations guide, blazed a trail from Antigonish Harbour to Browns Mountain, using the shortest route. This trail became a guide for travellers and eventually evolved into a winding Main Street, by the late 1820s, Dorchester was commonly referred to as Antigonish. In 1852, a newspaper, The Casket, began publication, St. St. F. X. was originally a Catholic seminary and was granted full university powers in 1866 by an act of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The town is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Antigonish. The first hospital in Antigonish opened on June 10,1906, with a land area of 5.01 km2, it had a population density of 871. 1/km2 in 2016. St. Francis Xavier University is located in Antigonish, St. Francis Xavier has 4,267 full-time students and 500 part-time students. It was named as the best undergraduate university in Canada by Macleans magazine for five consecutive years, St. Francis Xavier is also well known for the X-Ring and the Coady International Institute. The elementary and secondary schools in Antigonish fall under the jurisdiction of the Strait Regional School Board, Antigonish is home to three public schools, Dr. John Hugh Gillis Regional High School, St. Andrew Junior School and the Antigonish Education Centre. The annual Antigonish Highland Games have been held since 1863, the first games were held to raise funds for the construction of St. Ninians Cathedral. Antigonish is a centre for the surrounding region that includes Antigonish and Guysborough Counties. There are no major operations located in the town or county. The workforce is primarily white collar with the largest employers being St. Marthas Regional Hospital, until 2011, Antigonish accommodated Canada Posts National Philatelic Centre, which provided mail-order services for worldwide collectors of Canadian stamps. The Antigonish area experienced great deal of growth and retail development between 2004 and 2006 when the retail landscape of the town and county changed significantly. Much of the growth took place in the Post Road area, Atlantic Superstore, Walmart, and Central constructed new stores while the former Atlantic SuperValue, also located in this area, was redeveloped as a Staples Business Depot. In June 2005, Shoppers Drug Mart opened a new store downtown while the NSLC opened a new store attached to the existing Sobeys store, the following month a new GM dealership opened on the outskirts of town
27.
Canso Causeway
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The Canso Causeway is a 1,385 m rock-fill causeway in Nova Scotia, Canada. The causeway crosses the Strait of Canso, connecting Cape Breton Island by road to the Nova Scotia peninsula, constructed in an S shape, the causeway has a base width of 244 m in waters having a maximum depth of 65 m. The 94 m Canso Canal Bridge is a bridge which carries the road. The word Canso is believed to be derived from the Mikmaq word kamsok, on July 2,2014, it was announced that the Government of Canada would transfer ownership of the causeway to the Nova Scotia provincial government. The federal government will still maintain the Canso Canal and the navigational locks, prior to the construction of the causeway, Cape Breton Island was connected to the mainland by separate railway car and motor vehicle ferries. In 1880, the Intercolonial Railway was opened between Mulgrave on the Nova Scotia side, west to New Glasgow, in 1890, the ICR built a line from Point Tupper on the Cape Breton side, east to Sydney. As a result, a ferry service was necessary so that rail cars from Cape Breton Island could be interchanged with the mainland North America rail network. Initially a small 2-railcar barge was used, however the growth of traffic from Industrial Cape Breton soon mandated that a rail ferry service be established. This service was operated by the ICR until 1918 when the ICR was merged into Canadian National Railways, CNR operated the ferries from 1918 until the causeway opened in 1955. Vessels used included, Mulgrave, Scotia, and Scotia II, various private passenger and horse-drawn carriage ferry services operated between Point Tupper or Port Hawkesbury or Port Hastings to the Nova Scotia side. By the 1930s, the Nova Scotia Department of Transportation took responsibility for providing the automobile ferry service, by the 1940s, as a result of war-time travel growth, as well as the growing popularity of automobiles, the service was expanded to 24 hours/day. Toward the end of the service in the 1950s, vessels included the George H. Murray, John Cabot, Ponte de Canseau, the Scotia rail car ferry that entered service in 1901 was struggling to keep up with the demands despite operating 24-hours per day year-round. The span, measuring 1,800 ft, would have longer than the Firth of Forth Bridge. About 10,092,000 t of rock for building the causeway was quarried from a mountain on Cape Porcupine, construction was finally completed on April 13,1955 when the railway line and roadway were finished at a cost of $22 million. The first train across the causeway was a Canadian National Railways work train, the roadway across the causeway opened to vehicle traffic on May 20,1955 after which the vehicle ferry service was discontinued. When the causeway was completed, the end of the Strait of Canso became ice free during the winter. Several industries were attracted to the Point Tupper area, including the Stora pulp and paper mill, a Gulf Oil refinery, in addition, the causeway allowed several non-native species of land animals access onto Cape Breton Island. One particularly troublesome interloper has been the bobcat, which has forced the more gentle lynx out of its traditional hunting grounds
28.
Strait of Canso
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The Strait of Canso, is a strait located in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It divides the Nova Scotia peninsula from Cape Breton Island and it is a long thin channel approximately 27 kilometres long and averaging 3 kilometers wide. The strait connects Chedabucto Bay on the Atlantic Ocean to St. Georges Bay on the Northumberland Strait, the strait is extremely deep with two major communities at Port Hawkesbury on the eastern side facing Mulgrave on the western side, both ports. The strait is crossed by the Canso Causeway for vehicular and rail traffic, the Canso Canal allows ships to pass through the causeway, and this can accommodate any vessel capable of transiting the St. Lawrence Seaway. Strait of Canso - Economic Development Studies
Route 2 (TCH) towards Moncton, NB
Hwy 102 near Truro
Hwy 106 (TCH) near New Glasgow
Hwy 105 (TCH) near Port Hawkesbury
Trunk 4 near St. Peter's.png)
→
Trunk 2 east (Laplanche Street) to Trunk 6 – Amherst, Fort Lawrence
Hwy 142 south – Springhill, Parrsboro
Route 321 to Route 204 – Oxford, Pugwash, River Philip
To Route 311 / Trunk 4 east – Bible Hill, Truro, Tatamagouche
To Trunk 4 / Route 376 – Salt Springs, Central West River, Durham
Trunk 4 to Route 289 / Cowan Street – Alma, Westville
Hwy 106 (TCH) north – Pictou, P.E.I. Ferry
Route 374 – New Glasgow, Stellarton, Trenton, Sheet Harbour
Route 348 (East River Road) – New Glasgow, Stellarton, Trenton
Trunk 4 / Route 245 north – Merigomish, Pine Tree, Little Harbour
Trunk 4 west / Route 316 south – St. Andrews, Guysborough, Goshen
Trunk 4 to Trunk 16 south – Monastery, Guysborough, Tracadie
Route 344 south – Mulgrave, St. Francis Harbour
Hwy 105 (TCH) east / Trunk 19 north – Inverness, Chéticamp, Baddeck, Sydney
Hwy 104 east of intersection
Route 320 – Louisdale, Arichat
