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History
Nuclear reprocessing
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Nuclear reprocessing is the chemical separation of fission products and actinides from spent nuclear fuel. Originally, reprocessing was used solely to extract plutonium for producing nuclear weapons. With commercialization of nuclear power, the reprocessed plutonium was recycled back into MOX nuclear fuel for thermal reactors. The reprocessed uranium, also known as the spent fuel material, can in principle also be re-used as fuel, but that is only economical when uranium supply is low and prices are high. Nuclear reprocessing may extend beyond fuel and include the reprocessing of other nuclear reactor material, such as Zircaloy cladding.
Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site, UK
Sellafield nuclear reprocessing site, UK
Plutonium Processing
Plutonium Processing
The most developed, though commercially unfielded, alternative reprocessing method, is Pyroprocessing, suggested as part of the depicted metallic-fuel
The most developed, though commercially unfielded, alternative reprocessing method, is Pyroprocessing, suggested as part of the depicted metallic-fueled, Integral fast reactor (IFR) a sodium fast reactor concept of the 1990s. After the spent fuel is dissolved in molten salt, all of the recyclable actinides, consisting largely of plutonium and uranium though with important minor constituents, are extracted using electrorefining/electrowinning. The resulting mixture keeps the plutonium at all times in an unseparated
Experimental electro refinement cell at Argonne National Laboratory
Experimental electro refinement cell at Argonne National Laboratory
Spent nuclear fuel
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Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor. It is no longer useful in sustaining a nuclear reaction in an ordinary thermal reactor and, depending on its point along the nuclear fuel cycle, it will have different isotopic constituents than when it started.
Spent fuel pool at a nuclear power plant
Spent fuel pool at a nuclear power plant
Spent nuclear fuel stored underwater and uncapped at the Hanford site in Washington, US
Spent nuclear fuel stored underwater and uncapped at the Hanford site in Washington, US
Activity of U-233 for three fuel types. In the case of MOX, the U-233 increases for the first 650,000 years as it is produced by decay of Np-237 that
Activity of U-233 for three fuel types. In the case of MOX, the U-233 increases for the first 650,000 years as it is produced by decay of Np-237 that was created in the reactor by absorption of neutrons by U-235.
Spent fuel pool at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 27 November 2013
Spent fuel pool at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 27 November 2013