Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA
A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides or by synthetic nucleoside analogues. modRNA is used to induce the production of a desired protein in certain cells. An important application is the development of mRNA vaccines, of which the first authorized were COVID-19 vaccines.
Comparing uptake of RNA and modRNA by the cell
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
Universal structure of eukaryotic mRNA, showing the structure of the 5' and 3' UTRs.
mRNA circularisation and regulation
Overview of mRNA decay pathways in the different life domains.