1.
Hebrew language
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Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
2.
Tel Aviv
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Tel Aviv-Yafo is a major city in Israel, located on the countrys Mediterranean coastline. It is the center and the technology hub of Israel, with a population of 432,892. Tel Aviv is the largest city in the Gush Dan region of Israel, Tel Aviv is also a focal point in the high-tech concentration known as the Silicon Wadi. Tel Aviv is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, headed by Ron Huldai, Tel Aviv is a global city, and is the thirty eighth most important financial center in the world. Tel Aviv is known to have the third-largest economy of any city in the Middle East after Abu Dhabi and Kuwait City, the city receives over a million international visitors annually. Known as The City that Never Sleeps and a party capital, it has a lively nightlife, the city was founded in 1909 by Jewish immigrants on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa. It is named after the Hebrew translation of Theodor Herzls 1902 novel, Altneuland, the modern citys first neighbourhoods had already been established in 1886, the first being Neve Tzedek. Immigration by mostly Jewish refugees meant that the growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffas, Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Avivs White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, Tel Aviv is the Hebrew title of Theodor Herzls Altneuland, translated from German by Nahum Sokolow. The name was chosen in 1910 from several suggestions, including Herzliya and it was found fitting as it embraced the idea of a renaissance in the ancient Jewish homeland. Aviv is Hebrew for spring, symbolizing renewal, and tel is a man-made mound accumulating layers of civilization built one over the other and symbolizing the ancient. Although founded in 1909 as a settlement on the sand dunes North of Jaffa. The marketing pamphlets advocating for its establishment in 1906, wrote, In this city we will build the streets so they have roads and sidewalks and electric lights. Every house will have water wells that will flow through pipes as in every modern European city. Since 1886, Jewish settlers had founded new neighborhoods outside Jaffa on the current territory of Tel Aviv, the first was Neve Tzedek, built on lands owned by Aharon Chelouche and inhabited primarily by Mizrahi Jews. Other neighborhoods were Neve Shalom, Yafa Nof, Achva, Ohel Moshe, Kerem HaTeimanim, once Tel Aviv received city status in the 1920s, those neighborhoods joined the newly formed municipality, now becoming separated from Jaffa. The Second Aliyah led to further expansion, in 1906, a group of Jews, among them residents of Jaffa, followed the initiative of Akiva Aryeh Weiss and banded together to form the Ahuzat Bayit society. The societys goal was to form a Hebrew urban centre in an environment, planned according to the rules of aesthetics
3.
Israel
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Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. The country contains geographically diverse features within its small area. Israels economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, in 1947, the United Nations adopted a Partition Plan for Mandatory Palestine recommending the creation of independent Arab and Jewish states and an internationalized Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by the Jewish Agency for Palestine, next year, the Jewish Agency declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied territories including the West Bank, Golan Heights and it extended its laws to the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem, but not the West Bank. Israels occupation of the Palestinian territories is the worlds longest military occupation in modern times, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not resulted in peace. However, peace treaties between Israel and both Egypt and Jordan have successfully been signed, the population of Israel, as defined by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, was estimated in 2017 to be 8,671,100 people. It is the worlds only Jewish-majority state, with 74. 8% being designated as Jewish, the countrys second largest group of citizens are Arabs, at 20. 8%. The great majority of Israeli Arabs are Sunni Muslims, including significant numbers of semi-settled Negev Bedouins, other minorities include Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Black Hebrew Israelites, Circassians, Maronites and Samaritans. Israel also hosts a significant population of foreign workers and asylum seekers from Africa and Asia, including illegal migrants from Sudan, Eritrea. In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish, Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister is head of government and the Knesset is the legislature, Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2016. The country benefits from a skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the third highest in Asia, in the early weeks of independence, the government chose the term Israeli to denote a citizen of Israel, with the formal announcement made by Minister of Foreign Affairs Moshe Sharett. The names Land of Israel and Children of Israel have historically used to refer to the biblical Kingdom of Israel. The name Israel in these phrases refers to the patriarch Jacob who, jacobs twelve sons became the ancestors of the Israelites, also known as the Twelve Tribes of Israel or Children of Israel. The earliest known artifact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt. The area is known as the Holy Land, being holy for all Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam
4.
Music of Israel
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The music of Israel is a combination of Jewish and non-Jewish music traditions that have come together over the course of a century to create a distinctive musical culture. For almost 150 years, musicians have sought original stylistic elements that would define the national spirit. In addition to creating an Israeli style and sound, Israels musicians have made significant contributions to classical, jazz, pop rock and other international music genres. Since the 1970s, there has been a flowering of musical diversity, with Israeli rock, folk and jazz musicians creating and performing extensively, many of the worlds top classical musicians are Israelis or Israeli expatriates. The works of Israeli classical composers have been performed by leading orchestras worldwide, Music in Israel is an integral part of national identity. Beginning in the days of the pioneers, Hebrew songs and public singalongs were encouraged and supported by the establishment, public singalongs were a common pastime, and were for them a force in defining their identity, wrote Nathan Shahar. This view of music as nation-building continues to this day and we are in the midst of creating a culture, says Nahum Heyman, one of Israels leading music composers and music historians. Jewish immigrants from Europe, Asia, the Middle East and elsewhere brought with them their musical traditions, many of the Zionist immigrants who arrived before 1935 came from Russia. They brought with them the folk tunes and musical style of Russia, Songs in the early days were often contrafacta – Russian folk tunes with translated or new lyrics in Hebrew. An example is Shir Hamitpachat, a Polish song by Jerzy Petersburski with Hebrew lyrics by the Israeli poet and these Russian-style tunes are generally in a minor key, and often accompanied by accordion, or by guitar imitating the sound of the balalaika. Klezmer music was brought to the country by the immigrants of the early 20th century. Many Hassidic and klezmer melodies found their way into the canon of Israeli folk music, with lyrics translated from the Yiddish, or new Hebrew words. S. Among the leaders in Israeli music are singers and bands such as, Etti Ankri, David DOr, Aviv Gefen, Rita, Shlomo Artzi, HaYehudim, Ivri Lider, and Dana International. Other pop stars include Ninet Tayeb, Harel Skaat and Shiri Maimon – all winners of the Israeli talent search TV show Kokhav Nolad, Maimon represented Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005, and reached top 4 out of over 25 countries, with her ballad Hasheket Shenishar. In 2013, there were collaborations between older Israeli singers and young artists. Corinne Elal, Arik Einstein, Chava Alberstein, Yehoram Gaon, Allon Olearchik, the earliest composers of Hebrew folk music were influenced by the sounds of the local Arab music. Later, Oriental musical traditions were brought by Jewish immigrants from Other Middle Eastern countries – from Morocco, Yemen, Iraq, Egypt, the singers add Arab-style melismatic ornamentation, and often sing in a nasal tone, similar to Arab music. The melodies are often modal, swinging between major and minor, and diction is guttural, while Arab music is traditionally homophonic, based on melodic patterns called maqamat, Muzika Mizrahit is closer to Greek music, has harmonic accompaniment and usually uses a western, 12-tone scale
5.
Ehud Manor
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Ehud Manor was an Israeli songwriter, translator, and radio and TV personality. Ehud Weiner was born in Binyamina and he had two brothers, Zvi and Yehuda. He was married to actress Ofra Fuchs for 40 years, together, a fallen soldier in War of Attrition in 1968. Ehuds other brother, Zeev, committed suicide in 2003 as a result of financial trouble, Ehud Manor, who had been a heavy smoker earlier in his life, was diagnosed with lung cancer in the early 2000s. Although he recovered, the cancer treatment weakened his heart, and he died suddenly on April 12,2005, aged 63, Ehud Manor began working for Israel radio in the 1960s as a musical editor. He changed his surname to Manor as it was customary at the time for radio announcers to adopt Hebrew names. During his career, he wrote over 1,250 Hebrew songs, including Ein Li Eretz Acheret, Brit Olam, BaShanah HaBaah which became a standard, Zo Yalduti HaShniya. The latter was written in memory of his brother, who was killed during his service in 1968. Also a successful translator, Manor translated more than 600 works into Hebrew, including such Broadway hits as Cabaret, in addition, he translated Barney songs into Hebrew for the Israeli coproduction Hachaverim Shel Barney. In 1998, Manor was awarded the Israel Prize for Hebrew song, the prize committee noted that For the past 30 years, he has expressed our mood through the hundreds of songs he has written together with the finest composers. The man who declared that he had no country is the laureate of the Israel Prize. Shortly before he died, Manor was chosen to receive a doctorate from Bar-Ilan University in recognition of his prolific activity in the field of Hebrew music. Manors songs are the most played on Israeli radio, list of Israel Prize recipients Music of Israel Culture of Israel The Official Ehud Manor Site Obituary in Haaretz
6.
Noam Sheriff
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Noam Sheriff is an Israeli composer, conductor and arranger. Sheriff is one of Israel’s most versatile and world-renowned musicians and he has been the music director of the Haifa Symphony Orchestra. Noam Sheriff studied composition in Tel Aviv with Paul Ben-Haim and in Berlin with Boris Blacher, conducting in Salzburg with Igor Markevitch, and philosophy at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In Noam Sheriff’s music one finds a solution to the fusion of East and West, of musical elements from ancient Mediterranean cultures. Among his most significant works are the three scale vocal compositions that form a trilogy, mechaye Hamethim which was premiered in Amsterdam by the IPO in 1987, based on the Jewish East-European traditional music as well as on the ancient oriental Jewish themes of the Samaritans. Sephardic Passion, which was premiered in Toledo, Spain, by the IPO, Zubin Mehta, psalms of Jerusalem was premiered in 1995 in Jerusalem to open the 3000 year celebrations of that city with its four choirs around the hall singing in Hebrew and Latin. Sheriffs newest vocal work, Genesis, was commissioned and premiered by the Israel Philharmonic, and Sheriff recently completed an opera called Hagolem. Noam Sheriff regularly conducts both his compositions and other works of the repertoire all over the world. Between 1989 and 1995 he was the Music Director of the Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon Le-Zion which, under his leadership, achieved success unprecedented in Israeli musical history. Since January 2002 he has been the Music Director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra, in April 2004 he was nominated Music Director of the New Haifa Symphony Orchestra. Since 1963 Noam Sheriff has been teaching composition and conducting and he has taught at such institutes as the Jerusalem and Tel Aviv Universities as well as the Musikhochschule in Cologne and the Mozarteum in Salzburg. Over the years he has directed many music festivals in Israel as well as various television, since 1990 Noam Sheriff has been professor of composition and conducting at the Tel Aviv Universitys Rubin Academy of Music and, in the years 1998–2000 its Director. In 1991, Sheriff won the Acum Prize, for his lifes work, in 2003, he was awarded the EMET Prize, for music. In 2011, he was awarded the Israel Prize, for music and he has also been nominated as one of the 50 most influential figures in Israeli music. Noam Sheriffs works are published by IMI and by C. F. Peters Edition, festival Prelude,1957 Heptaprism, Ballet,1965 Israel-Suite,1967 May Ko Mashma Lan
7.
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
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The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, formerly Palestine Orchestra, is the leading symphony orchestra in Israel. The Israel Philharmonic Orchestra was founded as the Palestine Orchestra by violinist Bronisław Huberman in 1936 and its inaugural concert took place in Tel Aviv on December 26,1936, and was conducted by Arturo Toscanini. Its first principal conductor was William Steinberg and its general manager between 1938 and 1945 was Leo Kestenberg, like many of its members, he was a German Jew forced out by the Nazi rise to power and persecution of Jews. During the Second World War the orchestra performed 140 times before Allied soldiers, at the end of the war it performed in recently liberated Belgium. In 1948, after the creation of the State of Israel, in 1958, the IPO was awarded the Israel Prize, in music, being the first year in which the Prize was awarded to an organization. Bernstein maintained close ties with the orchestra from 1947, and in 1988, the IPO bestowed on him the title of Laureate Conductor, Mehta has served as the IPOs Music Advisor since 1968. The IPO did not have a music director, but instead music advisors, until 1977. In 1981, his title was elevated to Music Director for Life, kurt Masur is the IPOs Honorary Guest Conductor, a title granted to him in 1992. Gianandrea Noseda is Principal Guest Conductor, a role previously occupied by Yoel Levi, with Mehta, the IPO has made a number of recordings for Decca. Under the baton of Bernstein, the IPO also recorded his works, the IPO has also collaborated with Japanese composer Yoko Kanno in the soundtrack of the anime Macross Plus. As of 2006, the composers works have been most frequently performed by the IPO were Beethoven, Mozart, Brahms, Mendelssohn. The initial concerts of the Palestine Orchestra in December 1936, conducted by Toscanini, the Secretary-General of the orchestra is Avi Shoshani. The IPO has a subscriber base numbering 26,000, commentators have noted the musically conservative tastes of the subscriber base, although the IPO is dedicated to performing new works by Israeli composers, such as Avner Dorman. Zubin Mehta Jean Martinon Bernardino Molinari Paul Paray Leonard Bernstein William Steinberg The orchestras performance in London on September 1,2011 was disrupted by pro-Palestinian protesters, the concert was part of the BBC Proms. The radio broadcast was interrupted, but the concert was broadcast again a few days later, the orchestras secretary-general Avi Shoshani declared to Londons The Times newspaper that the orchestra was unlikely to ever perform in the UK again. Nobody was prosecuted for the disruptions, partly because the management of the Royal Albert Hall, american Friends of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra is a non-profit organization dedicated to sustaining the financial future of the Israel Philharmonic. AFIPO seeks to broaden the reach of the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the monies raised by AFIPO are directed towards a fund which assists with the operational support of the orchestra and its musical education programs throughout Israel
8.
Israel Defense Forces
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The Israel Defense Forces, commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the forces, air force, and navy. It is the military wing of the Israeli security forces. The IDF is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Defense Minister of Israel, Lieutenant general Gadi Eizenkot has served as Chief of Staff since 2015. The number of wars and border conflicts in which the IDF has been involved in its history makes it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world. The Israel Defense Forces differs from most armed forces in the world in many ways, differences include the mandatory conscription of women and its structure, which emphasizes close relations between the army, navy, and air force. Since its founding, the IDF has been designed to match Israels unique security situation. The IDF is one of Israeli societys most prominent institutions, influencing the economy, culture. In 1965, the Israel Defense Forces was awarded the Israel Prize for its contribution to education, the Uzi submachine gun was invented in Israel and used by the IDF until December 2003, ending a service that began in 1954. The Israeli cabinet ratified the name Israel Defense Forces, Tzva HaHagana LeYisrael, literally army for the defense of Israel, the other main contender was Tzva Yisrael. The name was chosen because it conveyed the idea that the role was defense, and because it incorporated the name Haganah. Among the primary opponents of the name were Minister Haim-Moshe Shapira, the IDF traces its roots to Jewish paramilitary organizations in the New Yishuv, starting with the Second Aliyah. The first such organization was Bar-Giora, founded in September 1907 and it was converted to Hashomer in April 1909, which operated until the British Mandate of Palestine came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization with narrow scope, and was created to protect against criminal gangs seeking to steal property. During World War I, the forerunners of the Haganah/IDF were the Zion Mule Corps, after the Arab riots against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuvs leadership saw the need to create a nationwide underground defense organization, and the Haganah was founded in June of the same year. The Haganah became a defense force after the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine with an organized structure. During World War II the successor to the Jewish Legion of World War I was the Jewish Brigade, the IDF was founded following the establishment of the State of Israel, after Defense Minister and Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion issued an order on 26 May 1948. The order called for the establishment of the Israel Defense Forces, although Ben-Gurion had no legal authority to issue such an order, the order was made legal by the cabinet on 31 May
9.
Chava Alberstein
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Chava Alberstein is an Israeli singer, lyricist, composer, and musical arranger. Chava Alberstein, born in Szczecin, Poland, moved to Israel with her family in 1950 and she grew up in Kiryat Haim. In 1964, when she was 17, she was invited to appear at the Hammam Nightclub in Jaffa and she sang four songs accompanied by herself on guitar and her brother Alex on the clarinet. The program was broadcast live on the radio, after a guest appearance on Moadon Hazemer, recorded on Kibbutz Beit Alfa, she signed a recording contract with CBS. Early in her career, she appeared at the Amami Cinema in Haifas Neve Shaanan neighborhood, haaretz columnist Neri Livneh describes her as a little slip of a thing in a blue youth movement shirt, her face covered by huge glasses. Alberstein was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces in 1965, Alberstein has released more than 60 albums. She has recorded in Hebrew, English and Yiddish, in 1980, Alberstein began to write and compose. Most of the songs on her album Mehagrim are her own work, Albersteins husband was the filmmaker Nadav Levitan, who wrote the lyrics for her End of the Holiday album. In 1986 she wrote music for Levitans film Stalins Disciples and her songs have been included in a number of multi-artist collections, among them Songs of The Vilna Ghetto and The Hidden Gate – Jewish Music Around the World. According to Israels second largest daily newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, Alberstein is the most important female singer in Israel history, If a true folk singer. Alberstein is a champion of liberal causes, throughout her career she has been an activist for human rights and Arab-Israeli unity. In 1989, Albersteins song Had Gadya in which she criticizes Israels policy towards Palestinians, was banned by Israel State Radio, the song was later used in the film Free Zone by director Amos Gitai in Natalie Portmans 7-minute crying scene. Alberstein is also a champion of the Yiddish language both in her recordings and in a video titled Too Early To Be Quiet, Too Late To Sing, Alberstein won the Kinor David Prize. Even though I have lived in Israel nearly my entire life, maybe this searching comes from being an artist, maybe it comes from being a Jew
10.
Eurovision Song Contest 1973
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The Eurovision Song Contest 1973 was the 18th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was won by the Luxembourg entry, Tu te reconnaîtras, the voting was a very close one, with Spain finishing only 4 points behind and Cliff Richard of the United Kingdom another 2 points after. The city of Luxembourg, also known as Luxembourg City, is a commune with city status, and it is located at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse Rivers in southern Luxembourg. The city contains the historic Luxembourg Castle, established by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, the Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg, inaugurated in 1964 as the Théâtre Municipal de la Ville de Luxembourg, became the venue for the 1973 contest. It is the major venue for drama, opera and ballet. The language rule forcing countries to enter songs sung in any of their languages was dropped. After finishing second in the contest, the song went on to become an international hit. The somewhat elliptical lyrics to Portugals entry Tourada provided sufficient cover for a song that was understood as a blistering assault on the countrys decaying dictatorship. Also, the breasts was used during Swedens song entry. However, no action was taken by the EBU, an argument broke out between the singer Maxi and her Irish delegation over how the song should be performed. During rehearsals she repeatedly stopped performing in frustration, when it began to appear possible that Maxi might withdraw from the contest, RTÉ immediately sent over another singer, Tina Reynolds, to take her place just in case. In the end Miss Reynolds wasnt needed as Maxi did perform, Cliff Richard represented the UK with the song Power to All Our Friends. He came 3rd with 123 points, the winner though was Anne-Marie David with Tu te reconnaîtras. In the UK it was released in English under the title Wonderful Dream and this gave rise to one of the best-known Eurovision anecdotes, frequently recounted by the UKs long-serving commentator Terry Wogan. He recalled that the floor manager strongly advised the audience to remain seated while applauding the performances, each country had two jury members, one aged between 16 and 25 and one aged between 26 and 55. They each awarded 1 to 5 points for each song immediately after it was performed, the juries watched the show on TV from the Ville du Louvigny TV Studios of CLT and appeared on screen to confirm their scores. Seventeen nations took part in this years contest, malta was drawn to perform in 6th place between Norway and Monaco, but the Maltese broadcaster withdrew before the deadline to select an entry. The 1973 contest marked the first time that women conducted the ESC orchestra, monica Dominique conducted the Swedish entry and Nurit Hirsh conducted the Israeli entry
11.
Monica Dominique
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Monica Dominique is a Swedish pianist, composer, and actress. As a student Monica Dominique attended the Adolf Fredriks Music School in Stockholm and she was educated at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm, and has been active as a versatile but mainly jazz musician since the 1960s. In the early 1970s, she played in the group Solar Plexus and she started her career as an actress in 1969, playing the character Lotten in the TV movie Spader, Madame. She continued her career well into the late 1990s. She and her husband, pianist and composer Carl-Axel Dominique, composed the song Youre Summer for the Swedish group Nova to perform at the Eurovision Song Contest in Luxembourg in 1973, the Dominique couple often perform together, playing piano four hands. Her brother is the jazz musician Palle Danielsson,1988, Inside the Rainbow 1996, En flygel – fyra händer with Carl-Axel Dominique 1997, So Nice with Carol Rogers 2000, Mitt i mej 2003, Bird Woman 2004, Säg vad ni vill
12.
Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
13.
Eurovision Song Contest 1978
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The Eurovision Song Contest 1978 was the 23rd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It was held on 22 April 1978 in Paris, the contest was won by Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta who represented Israel with the song A-Ba-Ni-Bi. Although A-Ba-Ni-Bi is the title, French television mistakenly captioned on screen the song title as Ah-Bah-Nee-Bee. The presenters were Denise Fabre and Léon Zitrone, and this was the first time more than one presenter hosted an edition of the Contest, twenty countries participated, a record at the time. The winning entry is a song sung in the Hebrew equivalent of Ubbi dubbi. This was Israels first Eurovision win, the win caused problems for several North African and Middle-Eastern nations that were televising the contest, even though they were not participating. Jordanian TV finished the show with a photo of a bunch of daffodils on screen, norway finished last for the fifth time, gaining the first nul points during the current voting system was implemented in 1975. The venue was built by French architect Guillaume Gillet, and was inaugurated in 1974, björn Skifs was unhappy with the rule that every country would have to perform in their native language. He planned to sing in English anyway, but changed his mind at the very last moment and he therefore sang the first few lines in gibberish before finding the words again. This pattern would repeat over the years, in 1979 Greece took part in the Contest with Sokrati in Jerusalem -. In 1980 both countries returned, with Autostop and Petr Oil respectively, despite Turkeys failure to recognize the Greek government in Cyprus, all three countries performed together when Cyprus debuted in 1981 and it continued until 2012. Denmark returned to the contest this year, for the first time since 1966, the Greek entry this year was a song called Charlie Chaplin, in reference to the comedian who died the previous year. In a curious twist, however, regular entrants Peter, Sue and they lost out at third place however. The song from Monaco also made reference to Charlie Chaplin, each performance had a conductor who maestro the orchestra. Several artists returned to the 1978 Contest, ireen Sheer had previously represented Luxembourg in 1974, and finished in equal fourth place. ^ Contains some words in French, ^ Contains some words in English. Each country had a jury who awarded 12,10,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 points for their top ten songs. Each national broadcaster sent a commentator to the contest, in order to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language
14.
A-Ba-Ni-Bi
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A-Ba-Ni-Bi was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978, performed for Israel by Izhar Cohen and Alphabeta. Jordanian television cut the broadcast and showed pictures of flowers, afterwards, the Jordanian news media refused to acknowledge that Israel had won and announced that the winner was Belgium. The song is a disco number, heralding a move towards this style of performance in later years. The song deals with the way in which children relate to love, Cohen sings that, growing up, we loved secretly/Who were we nice to. — Just uncles and aunts and that love was conducted secretly and he compares this to adulthood, where he realises that Love is a beautiful word and that humanity should speak in a language of love, instead of the language of secrecy. For this reason, the uses the Bet language - a childrens language game where each syllable of the word is repeated with a bet replacing the consonant. Thus, the Hebrew a-ni o-hev o-tach becomes a-ba-ni-bi o-bo-he-be-v o-bo-ta-ba-ch, musically, the song is somewhat unusual among Contest entries for ending almost immediately after the key change — most entries have either a bridge or a repetition of the chorus after this point. At the Contest, Cohen and his five backing vocalists all wore white clothing and remained mostly stationary, the song was performed eighteenth on the night. At the close of voting, it had received 157 points, the song was succeeded in 1979 as Contest winner and as Israeli representative by Gali Atari & Milk and Honey performing Hallelujah for Israel. Israel thus became the country, after Spain and Luxembourg to win the Contest twice in successive years. Since then, only Ireland has achieved distinction, winning three times in a row, beginning in 1992. Izhar Cohen returned to the Contest at Gothenburg, Sweden in 1985 and it was covered by Grup Vitamin, Turkish parody music group as Acaba Bu Ne Baba Be. in Aşkın Gözyaşları, which was their 1994 album. The song has been dubbed with misheard English lyrics based on transliteration into I want to be a Polar Bear on YouTube, music of Israel Culture of Israel Ubbi dubbi Opish Diggiloo Thrush. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010
15.
Figueira da Foz
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Figueira da Foz, also known as Figueira for short, is a city and a municipality in the Coimbra District, in Portugal. It is located at the mouth of the Mondego River,40 km west of Coimbra, the population in 2011 was 62,125, in an area of 379.05 km². The city of Figueira da Foz proper has a population of 46,600 and it is the second largest city in the district of Coimbra. It is a city with several beaches, summer and seaport facilities on the Atlantic Ocean coast. As a tourism city, it plays an important part in the centre of the country, a zone of legal gambling, one can find in Figueira one of the biggest casinos of the Iberian Peninsula – the Casino Figueira. According to the legend the name is due to a fig tree, which stood at the quay of Salmanha. The historian Nelson Borges said, however, that Figueira comes from the word fagaria, Foz comes from the Latin word fouces = mouth of a river, and Mondego comes from the pre-romanic expressions mond = mouth and aec= river. That means, Figueira da Foz would be the mouth opening. Some historical traces show that people were settling in this region since the Neolithic age, the oldest known document, however, dates from the year 1096. In this an abbot named Pedro donates estates, which belonged to the church of S. Julião and it was elevated to vila on 12 March 1771 and turned city on 20 September 1882. Discovered as a sea resort by the end of the 19th century, the city had the Portuguese nickname of Rainha das Praias. The city is an important industrial centre, producing wood pulp and paper and it also has notable naval construction and fish industries, as well as a factory of the CIMPOR Group installed in the Mondego Cape. The seaport and the harbour are also important for its economy. The city has well-equipped kindergartens, schools and high schools and it had two private universities, the Catholic University of Portugal and the Internacional University but they were closed in 2009 due to lack of funds and academic integrity. Administratively, the municipality is divided into 14 civil parishes, Figueira da Foz has a Mediterranean climate characterized by mild, rainy winters and dry, the annual average temperature is around 15 °C and the annual average rainfall is about 600 mm. The sea surface temperature varies from 14–15 °C in January and February to 18–19 °C in the August, in the summer afternoons moderate to strong north-westerly winds are common. The city is home for the basketball department of Ginásio Clube Figueirense which competes in the Portuguese basketball league. The Tennis Club da Figueira da Foz was founded 1917 and is located next to the Santa Catarina Fort at the mouth of the Mondego River today
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Yardena Arazi
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Yardena Arazi is an Israeli singer and entertainer. Yardena Arazi was born on Kibbutz Kabri and grew up in Haifa, Arazi is the daughter of Jewish immigrants from France and Germany. She joined the Beit Rothschild group at 16 and became its lead vocalist and she did her military service in the Nahal entertainment troupe. Arazi is married to engineer Nathan Tomer, with whom she has a daughter, in the 1970s, Yardena Arazi was a member of the female vocal trio Chocolate, Menta, Mastik along with Leah Lupatin and Rutie Holzman. The group represented Israel in the 1976 Eurovision Song Contest with the song Emor Shalom, Arazi left the band in 1978. In 1979, the Israel Broadcasting Authority asked Arazi to co-host the Eurovision Song Contest in Jerusalem with news anchor Daniel Peer and her hosting received positive reviews across Europe and she participated in TV shows in the Netherlands and Belgium. Arazi was signed to a contract with record label Ariola Records. During this period she met Natan Tomer and decided to return to Israel and she kept performing around the world including Australia, Poland, Turkey, Los Angeles and Egypt. Arazi took part at the Israelis Eurovision domestic competition three times as a singer and as a co-host. In 1988, she was selected internally by IBA to sing the Israeli entry for Eurovision and during a special TV show in which she presented four news songs, eventually, she went to Dublin with the song Ben Adam, which came in seventh. Arazi has always been highly superstitious and consults an astrologer on all matters in her life, the astrologer told her the song performed 9th would win the competition in Dublin, Ireland. Israel had drawn 9th in the order, so Arazi agreed to represent Israel. However, when Cyprus withdrew from the contest, Israels position shifted to 8th, the 9th song did win the competition, with the Swiss triumphing from that position. In 1989 Arazi recorded the album Desert Fantasy than included 10 Hebrew versions of Arabic songs originally written and sung by Farid al-Atrash, Fairuz, Abdul Halim, Samira Said, the album was also released in the US and Japan and was hugely successful all around the middle east. Since 1997 Arazi has focused on her career as a TV host, for 9 years she co-hosted the channel 2 morning magazine Cafe Telad, and later on she hosted at Channel 1, Channel 2, GLZ radio station etc. At 2008 Arazi was named the most popular Israeli singer of all time at the 60th Independence Day celebration, list of Eurovision Song Contest presenters MySpace Homepage Biography
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Ephraim Kishon
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Ephraim Kishon was an Israeli author, dramatist, screenwriter, and Oscar-nominated film director. He was one of the most widely read contemporary satirists in the world, Ephraim Kishon was born on August 23,1924 by the name of Ferenc Hoffmann into a middle-class Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. In his youth he knew neither Hebrew nor Yiddish and his father worked as a bank manager and his mother was a former secretary. Kishon also had a sister who was a writer and his writing talent became evident in his youth. In 1940 he won his first prize for writing a novel for high school students, due to the racial laws applied in Hungary during World War II, he was not allowed to continue his studies at the university and therefore he began to study jewelry making in 1942. During World War II the Nazis imprisoned him in several concentration camps, at one camp his chess talent helped him survive, as the camp commandant was looking for an opponent. In another camp, the Germans lined up the inmates and shot every tenth person and he later wrote in his book The Scapegoat, They made a mistake—they left one satirist alive. After the war when he returned to Budapest he discovered that his parents and sister had survived, in 1945, he changed his surname from Hoffmann to Kishont to disguise his German origins, and returned to Hungary, where he continued to study art and writing. In 1948 he completed his studies in metal sculpturing and art history, in 1949 he immigrated to the newly founded state of Israel, together with his first wife Eva Klamer, to escape the Communist regime. When arriving in Israel an immigration officer officially Hebraicized his name to Ephraim Kishon and his first marriage to Eva Klamer in 1946 ended in divorce. In 1959, he married Sara, who died in 2002, in 2003, he married the Austrian writer Lisa Witasek. Kishon had three children, Raphael, Amir, and Renana, in 1981, Kishon established a second home in the rural Swiss canton of Appenzell after feeling unappreciated in Israel, but remained a staunch Zionist. Kishon died on January 29,2005 at his home in Switzerland at the age of 80 following a cardiac arrest and his body was flown to Israel and he was buried at the Trumpeldor Cemetery in Tel Aviv. Being a popular Israeli writer, he felt he was getting negative treatment from the Israeli media due to the fact he was rather Right wing in politics. During this period he wrote several humorous lists for the Hungarian newspaper Új Kelet, afterwards Kishon moved to a housing project. He studied Hebrew at the Ulpan Etzion in Jerusalem, and soon became proficient in the language, nevertheless, his heavy Hungarian accent accompanied him throughout his life. Mastering the Hebrew language with remarkable speed, in 1951 Kishon began writing a column in the easy-Hebrew daily. Later on Kishon began writing for the newspaper Davar in which he published a satire called The Blaumilch Canal and that same year he published his first book in Israel Ha-ole Ha-Yored le-Chayenu- The Pestering Immigrant, which was written in Hungarian and translated into Hebrew by Avigdor Meiri
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The Policeman
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The Policeman is a 1971 Israeli feature film, written and directed by satirist Ephraim Kishon. The title character is played by Shaike Ophir, in what is considered one of his finest performances, the film was nominated for the 1972 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and won the Golden Globe in the same category. It won several awards, such as best foreign film in the Barcelona film festival. In Israel it is considered a cinematic classic, officer Avraham Azoulay is a patrolman in Tel Avivs district of Jaffa. He is an honest man, though naive, and because of his character, has never been promoted during his twenty years in the force. He is married to a woman, the couple have no children. His superiors, Captain Levkovich and First Sergeant Bejerano, decide not to renew his contract, in the meantime, he falls in love with the simple but charming prostitute Mimi, and removes her photograph from the arrests billboard. His wife finds the photo and tears it to pieces, which Azoulay secretly glues together again, nevertheless, this love will not be realized as Azoulay refuses to divorce his wife, claiming that it will destroy her. In addition, being a Kohen, he cannot marry a prostitute according to Halakha, Azoulay is able to see people for what they are and not what they represent. None of these events, however, help to change his superiors decision to dismiss him, Azoulay forms a friendship with Amar, unaware that he is a notorious criminal. The criminal and his associates decide to fake a crime and allow Azoulay to catch them in the act so that he receives a promotion and they finally decide upon stealing ritual objects, including a large golden cross, from a monastery in the neighborhood. Azoulay manages to catch the criminal in the act and is promoted to the rank of a sergeant. In the final scene officer Azoulay leaves the precinct with his new rank, the final shot of the film presents Azoulay saluting the marching policemen, thinking that they salute to him, as his eyes fill with tears. This image became one of the most memorable in Israeli cinema, abraham Azulai Zaharira Harifai as Betty Azulai Avner Hizkiyahu as Capt. Lefkowitch Itzko Rachamimov as Senior Sgt
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Sallah Shabati
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Sallah Shabati is a 1964 Israeli comedy film about the chaos of Israeli immigration and resettlement. This social satire placed the director Ephraim Kishon and producer Menahem Golan among the first Israeli filmmakers to achieve international success and it also introduced actor Chaim Topol to audiences worldwide. The films name, Sallah Shabati is a play on words, ostensibly a Yemenite Jewish name, it is intended to evoke the phrase סליחה שבאתי. In earlier print versions of Kishons short stories which were revised for the film, the film begins with Sallah Shabati, a Mizrahi Jewish immigrant, arriving with his family in Israel. Upon arrival he is brought to live in a maabara, or transit camp and he is given a broken down, one room shack in which to live with his family and spends the rest of the movie attempting to make enough money to purchase adequate housing. His money-making schemes are often comical and frequently satirize the political and social stereotypes in Israel of the time, the kibbutzniks betray total indifference, furthermore, to the miserable conditions of the poor maabara next to them. Sallah Shabati received mixed reviews but achieved unprecedented box office success in Israel, overseas, it won the Hollywood Foreign Press Associations Golden Globe Award as Best Foreign Film, and opened and closed the Berlin Film Festival
20.
Habima Theatre
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The Habima Theatre is the national theatre of Israel and one of the first Hebrew language theatres. It is located in Habima Square in the center of Tel Aviv, Habima was founded by Nahum Zemach in Białystok in 1912. Menahem Gnessin was one of its cofounders and early actors, because its performances were in Hebrew and it dealt with issues of the Jewish people, it met with persecution by the Czarist government. Beginning in 1918, it operated under the auspices of the Moscow Art Theatre and it encountered difficulties under the Soviet government as well after the Russian Revolution. Stanislavski arranged for the mainly Jewish Polish actors to be trained by Yevgeny Vakhtangov, the Peoples Commissar for Nationalities Affairs, Joseph Stalin, also authorized the theatres creation. In 1926, the left the Soviet Union to tour abroad. Zemach and some stayed in New York City, where their productions had met with success. Their productions included plays from the Jewish folk tradition, and they were performed in Hebrew, the company split up, with some members choosing to stay in New York. The theatre visited Lodz pre-war and the photographer and artist Mendel Grossman photographed the actors and his life was changed as a result of the visit of the theatre. Other members of the theatre took the company to Mandate Palestine in 1928, at that time the Habima Players invited director Aleksei Dikiy from the Moscow Art Theatre to help them. Dikiy directed two plays for Habima, one was Der Oytser, a play in Yiddish by Sholom Aleichem. The second was The Crown, a play by David Calderon that premiered on May 23,1929 in Tel Aviv, with the success of Dikiys directorship in the season of 1928/29, Habima gained reputation as a national Jewish theatre with a permanent repertoire and stage in Tel Aviv. The image of actress Hana Rovina starring as Leah in the historical Habima production of S. Anskys The Dybbuk is an icon that to many represents Jewish. In 1945, the built an theatre in Tel Aviv. Habima has been considered the national theatre of Israel since 1958. This was the first year in which the Prize was awarded to an organization, in the 21st century, Habima employs 80 actors, and another 120 staff members work at the complex. In January 2012, the theatre reopened after four and a years of renovations. Architect Ram Karmi was commissioned to redesign the historic building, more than NIS100 million was invested in the makeover, which has added 500 square meters of floor space and three new rehearsal rooms
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Heichal HaTarbut
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The Culture Palace or Charles Bronfman Auditorium is the biggest concert hall in Tel Aviv, Israel, and home to the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. It was opened in 1957 at Habima Square, architects were Dov Karmi, Zeev Rechter and Yaakov Rechter. Leonard Bernstein conducted the concert, with the Israel Philharmonic and pianist Arthur Rubinstein. Until 2013, the palace was named Fredric R. Mann Auditorium, from 2011 to 2013, the auditorium was thoroughly renovated under the supervision of Israeli architect Ofer Kolker. Responsible for the new acoustics was Japanese Yasuhisa Toyota, in May 2013, the reopening of the auditorium took place with Gustav Mahlers 5th Symphony, performed by the Israel Philharmonic under their Music Director Zubin Mehta. Now the palace is called Charles Bronfman Auditorium, after Canadian / American businessman and philanthropist Charles Bronfman
22.
Rivka Zohar
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Rivka Zohar is an Israeli singer. Rivka Zinati was born and raised in Akko, Israel and her father, Aaron Zinati, was a fire chief. Zohar studied in Akko, and in the school in Nahalal. Rivkas family is of Moroccan origins, having arrived in Haifa in the beginning of the 19th century, as a child, she appeared on Tshuot Rishonot, a radio program aimed at the discovery of young talent. In 1967, Rivka auditioned to participate in Lehakat HaNahal, a popular Israeli army band, shortly thereafter, she successfully auditioned for the composer and producer Ilan Mokhiah. In the beginning of her service, she performed in front of the Israeli navy. Those performances were received by the soldiers, leading to the creation of Lehakat Heyl Hayam. During the bands rehearsals, Yair Rosenblum presented Rivka with the song Ma Avarekh, Rivka was the soloist for the song, which became the shows greatest hit when it aired in 1968. In 1967, the Navy Band performed the song Ma Avarech written by Rachel Shapira in memory of a man from her Kibbutz fallen in the Six-Day-War. Yoram Taharlev meets a carpenter carving a chair for Elijah the Prophet, Rivka Zohar sang the song in the song festival, it was voted the song of the year and won the Davids Harp award. Natan Alterman, moved by her voice, added her to the musical Tsats and he wrote especially for her Oriana and Zemer Shalosh Hatshuvot. She was also noted for performance of Gedalya and BeKerem HaTemanim, in 1972 she traveled to New York with her first husband and her little daughter Tamah. She worked at the Finjan Club in the Village where she met Ali and they played together for seven years. The song Haderech El Hakfar brought the singer back to her homeland, in 1988, Zohar met the philosopher and writer Shlomo Kalo, who wrote songs for her, among them Avi Hatov Shebashamaim, Sipur Al Tsipor, Lichyot Otam Ad Tom. In February 2007, The Olive Tree was published and in its strands the song Ohevet Othcha- loving you is recorded and her show Chelkat Elohim combined old and new songs. In 2012, On a gesture to composer Arye Levanon, came behind the stage a young singer Named Liron Lev, from that moment they both attached and performed together in all of Israel with a show called Lo kemo Etmol - Not As Yesterday. In the show they sing new songs in which Rivka for the first time in her life write lyrics and their first DJ is Tikun Klali. In 2014, her husband Shlomo Kalo died while his wife near him all along, Zohar said about him that there is no one like him to show you your path
23.
Bar-Ilan University
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Bar-Ilan University is a public research university in the city of Ramat Gan in the Tel Aviv District, Israel. Established in 1955, Bar Ilan is Israels second-largest academic institution and it has nearly 26,800 students and 1,350 faculty members. The University aims to forge links between Torah and universal studies, to blend tradition with modern technologies and scholarship, and teach the compelling ethics of Jewish heritage to all. To synthesize the ancient and modern, the sacred and the material, the spiritual, when it was opened in 1955, it was described by The New York Times as Cultural Link Between the Republic and America. The university was named for Rabbi Meir Bar-Ilan, a Religious Zionist leader who served as the inspiration for its establishment. Although he was trained in Orthodox seminaries in Berlin, he believed there was a need for an institution providing a dual curriculum of academic studies. The founders of the university hoped to produce alumni committed to Jewish tradition, Zionist ideology, in 1965, the professors and lecturers were all religious Jews, as were the majority of students. Today, the student population includes secular and non-Jewish students, including Arabs, in the past, all Jewish male students were required to cover their heads, but this is no longer the case. Seven courses in Jewish studies are required for graduation, in hiring senior academic staff, the university gives preference to religious Jews, although the faculty includes many secular members. Bar-Ilan operates a kollel for men and a midrasha for women, the kollel offers traditional yeshiva studies with an emphasis on Talmud, while the midrasha offers courses in Torah and Jewish philosophy. These programs are open to all free of charge. Yitzhak Rabins convicted assassin, Yigal Amir, was a student of law at Bar-Ilan, one of the steps taken by the university following the assassination was to encourage dialogue between left and right-wing students. Under previous university president Moshe Kaveh, Bar-Ilan underwent a major expansion, New science programs have been introduced, including an multidisciplinary brain research center and a center for nanotechnology. Bar-Ilans Faculty of Law made headlines in 2008 by achieving the highest average Israeli Bar Exam grade of 81.9 by its graduates, in 2016 the university became the center of controversy over womens rights. Bar-Ilan University has eight faculties, Exact Sciences, Life Sciences, Social Sciences, Humanities, Jewish Studies, Medicine, Engineering, the centers mission is to cultivate a new generation of truly interdisciplinary scientists who integrate knowledge from different fields. The center offers several graduate level tracks, including a direct PhD program, an MSc program, candidates are accepted from a variety of backgrounds, including biology, psychology, mathematics, physics and computer science. Accepted students are exempt from tuition and receive a scholarship during the course of their studies. The PhD training program builds on six single-semester required core courses, a set of courses
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Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957
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The Netherlands were represented in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 by Corry Brokken with the song Net als toen written by Guus Jansen and Willy van Hemert. The Dutch entry was chosen during a final called Nationaal Songfestival. Like in the year, a national final titled National Songfestival was held with eight songs competing. Four singers took part in the selection, each of them presenting two songs, Corry Brokken was the only singer from the 1956 national final who tried again. The winner was chosen by postcard voting, however, this time. Again, the show was hosted by Karin Kraaykamp, Corry Brokken, who was already one of the two Dutch representatives in the 1956 Eurovision Song Contest, was the clear winner of the national final, as her entries finished first and second. Marcel Thielemans finished third and fourth, but far behind her, the winning song was Net als toen and would be the third Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest. “Net als toen” was released on an EP by Corry Brokken with the title “Grand Prix 1957 Eurovision”, the entry itself did not reach the Dutch single charts and was also not an international hit although it would win the Eurovision Song Contest. Brokken has also recorded a German version and a French version of the song, none of the other songs in the national final made any commercial impact. At the Eurovision Song Contest in Frankfurt, the Dutch entry was performed sixth on the night following Austria with “Wohin, kleines Pony. ” and preceding Germany with “Telefon, Corry Brokken was backed by violinist Sem Nijveen, who had a remarkable long solo part. The Netherlands won the Eurovision Song Contest, at the close of voting, the Dutch entry had received 31 points and at least one point from every other country. It would be the clearest victory ever in voting system as they got 31% of all votes and 34. 4% of the votes possible to be received. The Netherlands would be the country to win the contest on its second attempt until Ukraine did so in 2004. Every country had a jury of ten people, every jury member could give one point to his or her favourite song. Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest Eurovision Song Contest 1957 Eurovision Song Contest delootsbod. dk Information about the national final
