2012–13 Euroleague
The 2012–13 Euroleague was the 13th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the third under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines. Including the competition's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup, this was the 56th season of the premier competition for European men's clubs; the season started on 11 October 2012 and finished on 12 May 2013. The Final Four was held at The O2 Arena in London; the championship game was won by Olympiacos, who defeated Real Madrid 100–88. Olympiacos became the just third team since the introduction of the Final Four format to win two Euroleague championships in a row and the second team in Euroleague Basketball Company era to become back-to-back Euroleague champions. A total of 31 teams participated in the 2012–13 Euroleague. There were three routes to participation in the Euroleague: The top 13 teams with an A-Licence from the 2011–12 Euroleague based on their Euroleague Club Ranking. An additional team promoted to an A-Licence.
The 2011–12 Eurocup winner was given a C-Licence. 14 places were allocated from a list of 28 teams given a B-Licence ranked according to their European national basketball league rankings over the last year. 14 teams were given both a B-Licence. When a country ranking spot had been assigned to an A-Licence team, the assignation jumped to the next country appearing in the ranking, their league was not granted an additional place in the competition; the first 8 of the remaining 16 teams were given places in the regular-season, the next 6 were given places in the qualifying competition. The last 2 places from the Netherlands and Latvia were not taken up; as the list of teams with a B-Licence was exhausted, two wild cards were granted to fill the remaining spaces in the qualifying competition. On 31 May 2012, the Euroleague published the official License Allocation criteria; the A license of Acea Roma was cancelled and it was awarded to Italian team EA7 Milano. *^ The Adriatic League teams were the ones with the best Adriatic League + National League + European competitions ranking.
**^ Next best team from the Adriatic League without B licence. C license converted in wildcard for the Regular Season: Alba Berlin Wildcards for the Qualification Rounds: Mapooro Cantù UNICS On 31 May 2012 the new Euroleague license allocation criteria was announced. Twenty-three teams directly joined the regular season, while one more team joined it from the qualifying rounds. Eight teams fought for the last berth, Mapooro Cantù got the final spot; the labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round: A: Qualified through an A–licence 1st, 2nd, etc.: League position after Playoffs QR: Qualifying rounds WC: Wild card EC: Champion of the 2011–12 Eurocup Basketball The qualifying rounds were played in a knock-out tournament consisting of eight teams in a single-venue tournament format. The winner advanced to the Euroleague Regular Season; the qualifying rounds were played between 28 September at the PalaDesio in Desio, Italy. The draws for the 2012–13 Turkish Airlines Euroleague were held on Friday, 6 July.
The draws determined the qualifying-round matchups and regular-season groups for the Euroleague, as well as the qualifying rounds for the Eurocup and the regular-season for the EuroChallenge. Teams were seeded into six pots of four teams in accordance with the Club Ranking, based on their performance in European competitions during a three-year period. Two teams from the same country could not be drawn together in the same Regular Season group; the regular season began on 11 October 2012. If teams were level on record at the end of the Regular Season, tiebreakers were applied in the following order: Head-to-head record. Head-to-head point differential. Point differential during the Regular Season. Points scored during the regular season. Sum of quotients of points points allowed in each Regular Season match; the Top 16 began on 27 December 2012. If teams were level on record at the end of the Top 16, tiebreakers were applied in the following order: Head-to-head record. Head-to-head point differential.
Point differential during the Top 16. Points scored during the Top 16. Sum of quotients of points points allowed in each Top 16 match. On 12 May 2012 it was announced the Final Four would be hosted at The O2 Arena in England. Vassilis Spanoulis Vassilis Spanoulis Bobby Brown Stéphane Lasme Kostas Papanikolaou Georgios Bartzokas 2012–13 Eurocup Basketball 2012–13 FIBA EuroChallenge Official website
Panathinaikos B.C.
Panathinaikos B. C. known as Panathinaikos, or by its current name Panathinaikos B. C. OPAP for sponsorship reasons, is the professional basketball team of the major Athens-based multi-sport club Panathinaikos A. O, it is owned by the billionaire Giannakopoulos family. The parent athletic club was founded in 1908, while the basketball team was created in 1919, being one of the oldest in Greece. Alongside Aris, they are the only un-relegated teams with participation in every Greek First Division Championship until today. Panathinaikos has developed into the most successful basketball club in Greek basketball's history, one of the most successful clubs in European basketball, creating its own dynasty, they have won six EuroLeague Championships, thirty-six Greek Basket League Championships, nineteen Greek Cups, one Intercontinental Cup and two Triple Crowns. They hold the record for most consecutive Greek League titles, as they are the only team to have won nine consecutive championships, as well as for the most consecutive Greek Basketball Cup titles from 2012 to 2017.
Panathinaikos counts one more championship, that took place in 1921 and was organized by YMCA, but it is not recognized by HEBA, because it was before the creation of Hellenic Basketball Federation. The team plays its home games at the O. A. C. A. Olympic Indoor Hall, which has a maximum capacity of 19,250 for basketball games. Among the many well-known top class players that have played with the club over the years, are: Dominique Wilkins, Fragiskos Alvertis, Byron Scott, Nikos Galis, John Salley, Dimitris Diamantidis, Antonio Davis, Stojko Vranković, Dino Rađja, Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Dejan Bodiroga, Oded Kattash, Ramūnas Šiškauskas, Panagiotis Giannakis, Fanis Christodoulou, Alexander Volkov, Marcelo Nicola, Hugo Sconochini, Željko Rebrača, Antonis Fotsis, İbrahim Kutluay, John Amaechi, Nikola Peković, Jaka Lakovič, Pepe Sánchez, Kostas Tsartsaris, Mike Batiste, Nick Calathes, Vassilis Spanoulis, Dejan Tomašević, Byron Dinkins, Ferdinando Gentile, Sani Bečirovič, Darryl Middleton, Lazaros Papadopoulos, Žarko Paspalj, Nikos Chatzivrettas, Dimos Dikoudis, Tiit Sokk, Sofoklis Schortsanitis, Jason Kapono, Marcus Banks, Arijan Komazec, Edgar Jones, Romain Sato, Johnny Rogers, Tony Delk, Drew Nicholas, Stéphane Lasme, Roko Ukić, Robertas Javtokas, Jonas Mačiulis, Ioannis Bourousis, James Gist and Keith Langford.
Such players, the successful management of former long-time presidents Pavlos Giannakopoulos and Thanasis Giannakopoulos, the long-time guidance of the most successful coach in EuroLeague history, Željko Obradović, have made Panathinaikos the most successful team in Europe over the last two-and-a-half decades. Panathinaikos is the only team on the European continent to win as many as 6 EuroLeague titles, since the establishment of the modern era EuroLeague Final Four format in 1988, they have finished one time as EuroLeague runners-up in 2001. They have participated in eleven EuroLeague Final Fours in total. Panathinaikos hold a long-term rivalry with Olympiacos, matches between the two teams are referred to as the "Derby of the eternal enemies". Panathinaikos started as a football club in 1908. In 1919, basketball was still unknown in Greece. During that period Giorgos Kalafatis with other athletes participated in the Inter-Allied Games in Paris and attended basketball games between the Allies of World War I.
When he returned to Greece with the necessary equipment, he set up the Panathinaikos basketball club, led by Apostolos Nikolaidis. In 1919, PAO played their first match against X. A. N. Thessaloniki, another club pioneer of basketball in Greece, a match which took place at the Panathenaic Stadium. In 1937, Kalafatis managed to create a new Panathinaikos team that, during the following year, tried to catch up with established clubs like the YMCA, Ethnikos G. S. Athens, Panionios and Iraklis. Angelos Fillipou, Nikos Mantzaroglou and Dimitrakos were the ringleaders of the group and were joined by Telis Karagiorgos, Thymios Karadimos, Giorgos Bofilios, Philipos Papaikonomou, Petros Polycratis and Nikos Polycratis. During the German occupation that followed, Dimitris Giannatos was executed by the Nazis for his resistance action. In 1946 and 1947, Panathinaikos emerged champions, with the help of players like Ioannis Lambrou, Missas Pantazopoulos, Stelios Arvanitis and Jack Nicolaidis. In 1950 and 1951, Panathinaikos emerged as champions once again with the help of great athletes Faidon Matthaiou and Nikos Milas.
In 1954, the club would repeat the success, however the next five years would prove fruitless, the club, despite its strength, would have to be renewed. In 1961, Panathinaikos won the Greek League championship with new leaders Georgios Vassilakopoulos, Stelios Tavoularis and Petros Panagiotarakos. In 1962, Panathinaikos made the repeat, was again the Greek League champion; that was the year that PAO took part for the first time in a European-wide competition, as they faced Hapoel Tel Aviv in the FIBA European Champions Cup 1961–62 season. On 23 November 1963, Panathinaikos beat Olympiacos, by a score of 90-48, in the Mantellos Cup, a tournament, replaced by the Greek Cup, which made its first appearance in 1976. In 1967, Panathinaikos were crowned Greek League champions, with Giorgos Kolokithas in their r
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport that includes exercises requiring balance, flexibility, agility and endurance. The movements involved in gymnastics contribute to the development of the arms, shoulders, back and abdominal muscle groups. Alertness, daring, self-confidence and self-discipline are mental traits that can be developed through gymnastics. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, from circus performance skills The most common form of competitive gymnastics is artistic gymnastics which consists of floor, vault and uneven bars. For boys they have floor, rings, parallel bars and horizontal bar. Other FIG disciplines include rhythmic gymnastics and tumbling, acrobatic gymnastics, aerobic gymnastics and parkour. Disciplines not recognized by FIG include wheel gymnastics, aesthetic group gymnastics, men's rhythmic gymnastics, TeamGym and mallakhamba. Participants can include children as young as 1 years old doing kindergym and children's gymnastics, recreational gymnasts of ages 2 and up, competitive gymnasts at varying levels of skill, world-class athletes.
The word "gymnastics" derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός, by way of the related verb γυμνάζω, whose meaning is to "train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise" "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing, it came into use in the 1570s, from Latin gymnasticus, from Greek gymnastikos "fond of or skilled in bodily exercise," from gymnazein "to exercise or train". Gymnastics developed in ancient Greece, in Sparta and Athens, was used as a method to prepare men for warfare. In Sparta, among the activities introduced into the training program was the Agoge or exhibition gymnastics made up of gymnastic elements in the form of the Pyrrhic-a dance in a military style-performed for state dignitaries in the final year of a student's training; the maneuvers were performed naked except for the tools of war. Athens combined this more physical training with the education of the mind. At the Palestra, a physical education training center, the discipline of educating the body and educating the mind were combined allowing for a form of gymnastics, more aesthetic and individual and which left behind the form that focused on strictness, the emphasis on defeating records, focus on strength.
Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano, was born on February 19, 1770, in Valencia and died on August 8, 1848, in Paris. He was a Spanish colonel, the first person to introduce educative gymnastic in France. John promoted the use of parallel bars and high bars in international competition; the Federation of International Gymnastics was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, that included, for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women participated in gymnastics events; the first women's Olympic competition was limited, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in Amsterdam. By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, uniform grading structures had been agreed upon.
At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with disciplined and difficult performances, setting a precedent that continues. Television has helped initiate a modern age of gymnastics. Both men's and women's gymnastics now attract considerable international interest, excellent gymnasts can be found on every continent. In 2006, a new points system for Artistic gymnastics was put into play. With an A Score being the difficulty score, which as of 2009 is based on the top 8 high scoring elements in a routine; the B Score, is the score for execution, is given for how well the skills are performed. The following disciplines are governed by FIG. Artistic Gymnastics is divided into Men's and Women's Gymnastics. Men compete on six events: Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Still Rings, Parallel Bars, Horizontal Bar, while women compete on four: Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, Floor Exercise. In some countries, women at one time competed on the rings, high bar, parallel bars. In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points.
The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "execution score" was the only score, it was and still is out except for short exercises. During the gymnast's performance, the judges deduct this score only. A fall, on or off the event, is a 1.00 deduction, in elite level gymnastics. The introduction of the difficulty score is a significant change; the gymnast's difficulty score is based on what elements they perform and is subject to change if they do not perform or complete all the skills, or they do not connect a skill meant to be connected to another. Connection bonuses are where deviation happens most common between the intended and actual difficulty scores, as it can be difficult to connect multiple flight elements, it is ha
Seating capacity
Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people; the largest sporting venue in the world, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, has a permanent seating capacity for more than 235,000 people and infield seating that raises capacity to an approximate 400,000. Safety is a primary concern in determining the seating capacity of a venue: "Seating capacity, seating layouts and densities are dictated by legal requirements for the safe evacuation of the occupants in the event of fire"; the International Building Code specifies, "In places of assembly, the seats shall be securely fastened to the floor" but provides exceptions if the total number of seats is fewer than 100, if there is a substantial amount of space available between seats or if the seats are at tables.
It delineates the number of available exits for interior balconies and galleries based on the seating capacity, sets forth the number of required wheelchair spaces in a table derived from the seating capacity of the space. The International Fire Code, portions of which have been adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction, it specifies, "For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms, the occupant load shall not be less than the number of seats based on one person for each 18 inches of seating length". It requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including "details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating...."Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the total size of the venue, its purpose. For sports venues, the "decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors. Chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area".
In motion picture venues, the "limit of seating capacity is determined by the maximal viewing distance for a given size of screen", with image quality for closer viewers declining as the screen is expanded to accommodate more distant viewers. Seating capacity of venues plays a role in what media they are able to provide and how they are able to provide it. In contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the "seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed". Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be the royalties to be given; the seating capacity must be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums advertise their seating capacity. Seating capacity is an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas; when entities such as the National Football League's Super Bowl Committee decide on a venue for a particular event, seating capacity, which reflects the possible number of tickets that can be sold for the event, is an important consideration.
The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as'covers'. Seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Where seating capacity is a legal requirement, however, as it is in movie theatres and on aircraft, the law reflects the fact that the number of people allowed in should not exceed the number who can be seated. Use of the term "public capacity" indicates that a venue is allowed to hold more people than it can seat. Again, the maximum total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law. All-seater stadium List of stadiums by capacity List of football stadiums by capacity List of American football stadiums by capacity List of rugby league stadiums by capacity List of rugby union stadiums by capacity List of tennis stadiums by capacity Seating assignment
Nikos Galis
Nikolaos Georgalis known as either Nikos Galis, or Nick Galis, is a retired Greek professional basketball player. He was named one of FIBA's 50 Greatest Players in 1991, is an inaugural member of the FIBA Hall of Fame and was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors in 2008. Galis is regarded as one of Europe's greatest scorers to play the game, as well as one of the all-time greatest players in FIBA international basketball history. In 2017, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Galis played the point guard position during his college basketball years at Seton Hall University, but turned into a shooting guard as a professional, he spent most of his career before having a late stint with Panathinaikos. He is the EuroLeague's all-time leader in points per game, leading the competition in scoring eight times. In the premier European club scene, he reached the EuroLeague Final Four on four occasions, three consecutive times with Aris, another one with Panathinaikos.
An eight-time Greek league champion, Galis is the Greek Championship's unofficial all-time leading scorer, in both career points scored and career scoring average, counting all league formats. Galis led the senior Greek national team to a EuroBasket gold medal in 1987, as well as to a EuroBasket silver medal in 1989, earning the tournament MVP honor in 1987, being elected to the All-EuroBasket Team four times. Among his myriad accomplishments, he holds the EuroBasket record for highest career scoring average, was the leading scorer of four EuroBasket tournaments in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991. In addition to that, he holds the FIBA World Cup record for highest career scoring average, as well as for most points scored in a single tournament, which he set at the 1986 FIBA World Cup. Following the stunning success of the EuroBasket title in 1987, he won the Mr. Europa Player of the Year and the Euroscar awards the same year. Nicknamed "Iron Man", "Nick The Greek", "The Gangster", Galis is revered in Greece, where he is considered by many to be the greatest national athlete the country has seen.
His years at Aris lifted Greek basketball from relative obscurity, to global power status, with Galis being the figure that inspired thousands of Greeks to take up the game. Galis was born in New Jersey; the child of a poor immigrant family, from the Greek islands of Rhodes and Nisyros, Galis took up boxing in his early years, after his father, George Georgalis, a boxer in his youth. He was persuaded to give up boxing by his mother, Stella Georgalis, terrified after each time that her son would return home from boxing training with a new facial injury; as a result, Galis started playing the sport of basketball instead of boxing. He attended Union Hill High School, in Union City, where he played high school basketball. After high school, Galis enrolled at Seton Hall University, where he played college basketball as a member of the Seton Hall Pirates. In his senior season, Galis saw his scoring average reach 27.5 points per game, third in the nation, behind Idaho State's Lawrence Butler and Indiana State's Larry Bird, including a 48-point outburst against the University of Santa Clara.
In his senior year of college, Galis won the Haggerty Award, the Eastern College Athletic Conference Player of the Year award. The same year, he played in the Pizza Hut All-American game, alongside Bird and Vinnie Johnson. During his 4-year college career, Galis played in a total of 107 games and scored 1,651 points, for a career scoring average of 15.4 points per game. Galis' head coach at Seton Hall, Billy Raftery, would state that Galis was the best player he coached. While at Seton Hall, Galis was a good friend and roommate of Italian-American professional basketball player Dan Callandrillo. Galis was inducted into the Seton Hall Athletic Hall of Fame, in 1991. After finishing his collegiate career in 1979, Galis signed with agent Bill Manon, who managed Diana Ross. Manon did not have Galis work out with any NBA team. Galis was selected by the Boston Celtics in the 4th round of the 1979 NBA Draft, 68th overall. Due to a severe ankle injury that Galis suffered during the Celtics preseason training camp of the 1979–80 season, the franchise was no longer interested in offering him a contract because Gerald Henderson had taken his place on the team, his injury would keep him out for the foreseeable future.
Galis decided to pursue a professional career in Greece's top-tier level Basket League. While still playing in Greece, he would be offered NBA contracts by the Celtics and the New Jersey Nets. However, he turned the offers down, because at the time, until 1989, FIBA did not have professional status, did not allow NBA players to compete at the national team level. Since playing with the senior Greek national team meant so much to him, he stayed in Greece. Celtics then-president Red Auerbach said that the single biggest mistake he made in his career was not keeping Galis. After suffering an ankle injury in the Boston Celtics 1979–80 preseason training camp, which prevented him from receiving a contract with the Celtics, Galis made the move across the Atlantic, signed to play with Aris of Thessaloniki, Greece, in 1979. Panathinaikos and Olympiacos had shown some interest in sig
Athens Olympic Sports Complex
The Athens Olympic Park, is a sport facilities complex located at Marousi, northeast Athens, Greece. The complex consists of five major venues as well as other supplementary sport facilities; the Olympic Athletic Center of Athens has hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1991, the World Championship in Athletics in 1997 as well as other important athletic and cultural events. The most significant event the Athens Olympic Sports Complex has hosted, was the Olympic Games. OACA was the main venue for the Athens Olympic Games in 2004; the complex was revamped for the games under a design produced by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. The stadium, built in 1982 and extensively refurbished for the games in 2004, including the addition of a roof, hosted the athletics events and the soccer final, as well as the Opening Ceremony on August 13, 2004 and the Closing Ceremony on August 29, 2004, it is used as the home ground of AEK Athens F. C. one of the biggest football clubs in Greece. The Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall was completed in 1995, was the largest indoor venue in use for sporting events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
It is part of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex, in the suburb of Maroussi. The arena was used for artistic gymnastics and trampolining and hosted the finals of the basketball matches at the games. On May 18 and 20, 2006, the Olympic Indoor Hall hosted the 51st Eurovision Song Contest, held in Athens after Greece's victory at the Song Contest in 2005; the Athens Olympic Sports Complex can be reached by Metro, by suburban train, or by direct bus lines [A7, 602, 550. While it was reported in 2008 that all of the Olympic venues utilized for the 2004 games, including certain facilities in the Sports Complex such as the velodrome and tennis center, have fallen into varying states of dereliction or disrepair, all of the facilities in the Athens Olympic Sports Complex are still in use today; the table below illustrates how the Athens Olympic Sports Complex facilities are used today: 2004 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 2. Pp. 201, 207, 227, 231, 242, 273, 303, 324, 329, 346, 409. Media related to Athens Olympic Sports Complex at Wikimedia Commons Official site Olympic Indoor hall info and pictures at stadia.gr
Eirini station
Eirini station is a station on Line 1 of the Athens Metro. It is adjacent to the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Marousi, a northern suburb of Athens, Greece, 20.850 kilometres from the starting point of the line at Piraeus. It opened on September 3, 1982, was renovated in 2004. Information from Athens Metro
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