Oakland Mills High School was established in 1973 as one of the first high schools to serve the planned developed new U.S. town of Columbia, Maryland, established by James Rouse and his Rouse Company in 1967 in Howard County, midway between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. It is part of the Howard County Public School System (HCPSS).

The Howard County Public School System (HCPSS) is the school district that manages and runs the public schools of Howard County, Maryland. It operates under the supervision of an elected, eight-member Board of Education. Jennifer Mallo is the chair of the board. William J. Barnes has been the acting superintendent since January 2024.