1.
Tennessee
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Tennessee is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States, Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, Tennessees capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the states largest city, with a population of 655,770, the state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1,1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia and this sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. This city was established to house the Manhattan Projects uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the worlds first atomic bomb, Tennessees major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi in present-day Monroe County, the town was located on a river of the same name, and appears on maps as early as 1725. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain, some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean meeting place, winding river, according to ethnographer James Mooney, the name can not be analyzed and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, the spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlakes Draught of the Cherokee Country in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created Tennessee County, the county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new out of the Southwest Territory. Other sources differ on the origin of the nickname, according to the Columbia Encyclopedia. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states, the state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet, Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessees eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Tennessee's 8th congressional district
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The 8th Congressional District of Tennessee is a congressional district in Tennessee. It currently includes most of the third of the state and borders Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri. The districts current configuration dates from 1983, when Tennessee gained a 9th district as a result of the 1980 census, at that time, most of the old 7th District was reconfigured as the 8th District. Much of the territory in this district had been numbered as the 8th District from 1953 through 1973, historically, the 8th was a strongly Democratic district anchored in northwest Tennessee. Along with the 5th and 9th districts, it was not seriously contested by Republicans for most of the 20th century. However, the Democrats in this district were nowhere near as liberal as their counterparts in the 5th and 9th districts—based in Nashville and Memphis and this was especially important during the days when seniority played a greater role in determining Congressional influence than presently. As a result, it was reckoned as a classic yellow dog Democrat district. However, after the 2010 census, Fayette County and most of eastern Shelby County was shifted over from the 7th district. Eastern Shelby County is the most Republican area of the state outside East Tennessee, as a result, it is now one of the most Republican districts in the nation. The bulk of the vote is cast in the whiter, wealthier sections of Memphis, as well as most of that citys suburbs in Shelby. This area boasts some of the highest median incomes in the state, the rest of the district is composed mostly of small towns and farming communities. Jackson is the largest city located entirely in the district, Republican Stephen Fincher won the seat in 2011, becoming the first Republican to hold this seat or its predecessors in more than a century. He handed the seat to fellow Republican David Kustoff in 2017 after opting not to seek a fourth term, tennessees congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
4.
Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
5.
Mississippi River
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The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States, it rises in northern Minnesota, with its many tributaries, the Mississippis watershed drains all or parts of 31 U. S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge, the river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Native Americans long lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural societies. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the way of life as first explorers, then settlers. The river served first as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and then as a vital transportation artery and communications link. Formed from thick layers of the silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the country. In recent years, the river has shown a shift towards the Atchafalaya River channel in the Delta. The word itself comes from Messipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe name for the river, see below in the History section for additional information. In addition to historical traditions shown by names, there are at least two measures of a rivers identity, one being the largest branch, and the other being the longest branch. Using the largest-branch criterion, the Ohio would be the branch of the Lower Mississippi. Using the longest-branch criterion, the Middle Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson-Beaverhead-Red Rock-Hellroaring Creek River would be the main branch and its length of at least 3,745 mi is exceeded only by the Nile, the Amazon, and perhaps the Yangtze River among the longest rivers in the world. The source of this waterway is at Browers Spring,8,800 feet above sea level in southwestern Montana and this is exemplified by the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and the phrase Trans-Mississippi as used in the name of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. It is common to qualify a regionally superlative landmark in relation to it, the New Madrid Seismic Zone along the river is also noteworthy. These various basic geographical aspects of the river in turn underlie its human history and present uses of the waterway, the Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca,1,475 feet above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, however, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams. From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, fourteen of these dams are located above Minneapolis in the headwaters region and serve multiple purposes, including power generation and recreation. The remaining 29 dams, beginning in downtown Minneapolis, all locks and were constructed to improve commercial navigation of the upper river
6.
U.S. Route 45
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U. S. Route 45 is a north–south United States highway. US45 is a route, from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico. A sign at the northern terminus notes the total distance as 1,300 miles. US45 is notable for incorporating, in its alignment, the first paved road in the South. Let to contract in July 1914, the highway opened on November 15,1915. As of 2006, the northern terminus is in Ontonagon, Michigan, at the corner of Ontonagon and River Streets. M-64 formerly terminated there as well until its rerouting in October 2006 to use the newly built Ontonagon River Bridge and its southern terminus is in Mobile, Alabama, at an intersection with U. S. Route 98. US45 is concurrent with unsigned SR17 between Mobile and Vinegar Bend, just north of Deer Park, in Washington County, Alabama, from Vinegar Bend to the Mississippi state line, US45 is concurrent with unsigned SR57. U. S. Highway 45 is part of a hurricane evacuation route in Mississippi. At Brooksville, U. S.45 splits away from U. S.45 Alternate and serves the towns of Columbus and Aberdeen before rejoining U. S.45 Alternate south of Tupelo. The alternate roadway provides a direct and entirely four-laned route between Meridian and Tupelo, bypassing Columbus to the west and, more closely, Starkville to the east. Major junctions of U. S.45 in Mississippi include U. S. Route 84 at Waynesboro, Interstate 20/59 at Meridian, U. S. Route 82 at Columbus, Route 78 at Tupelo and U. S. Route 72 at Corinth. Each of these junctions is an interchange and, with the exception of Waynesboro, the Mississippi section of U. S.45 is defined at Mississippi Code Annotated § 65-3-3. From the Mississippi state line U. S.45 extends north past Selmer and Henderson and Jackson to Three Way, at Three Way, the highway splits into U. S. 45E and U. S. 45W. From Three Way to the northeast, U. S, mainline U. S.45, concurrent with U. S.51, continues north into Kentucky. U. S.45 enters Kentucky at Fulton then northeast past Mayfield then heads north into Paducah as a four-lane highway. In Paducah, U. S.45 serves as an artery, intersecting with Interstate 24 at exit 7. U. S.45 leaves Kentucky from Paducahs northern border across the two-lane, metal-grate Brookport Bridge to Brookport, Illinois across the Ohio River
7.
Union City, Tennessee
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Union City is a city located in Obion County, Tennessee, United States. The 2010 census reported the population of the town as 10,895, Union City is the principal city of the surrounding micropolitan area, which includes Obion County and Fulton County, Kentucky. The Discovery Park of America serves as an attraction in the state of Tennessee and is located within city limits. It was founded by Robert Kirkland and opened its doors in 2013, Union City is approximately 30–45 minutes from Reelfoot Lake. This well-known lake was formed from the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes and is a recreational boating and fishing location in the state. Union City is also approximately 15–20 minutes from the University of Tennessee at Martin, the city name was derived from its location at the junction of two railroads, with one running roughly east-west and the other roughly north-south. Union City is located at 36°25′28″N 89°3′3″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.7 square miles, all land. The current mayor is Terry Hailey, as of the census of 2000, there were 13 people,4 households, and 2 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,020.1 people per square mile, there were 5,013 housing units at an average density of 470.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 75. 44% White,21. 29% African American,0. 22% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,1. 59% from other races, and 1. 04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 41% of the population,32. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was out with 23. 6% under the age of 18,9. 6% from 18 to 24,26. 8% from 25 to 44,22. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every hundred females there were 87.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,399, and the median income for a family was $40,737. Males had an income of $35,801 versus $19,694 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,787, about 12. 5% of families and 16. 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26. 4% of those under age 18 and 14. 6% of those age 65 or over. Over the years many companies have located manufacturing or processing plants there, currently, the city has several vital companies that operate plants in Union City
8.
Obion River
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The Obion River system is the primary surface water drainage system of northwestern Tennessee. The Obion has four major forks, the North Fork, Middle Fork, South Fork, the confluences of these forks are only a few miles above the mouth of the Obions discharge into the Mississippi River. For the greater parts of their lengths, the forks exist as separate streams, some of the results of channelization included increasing erosion, loss of wildlife habitat, and increased flooding downstream. With the restoration of wetlands, this process has now been halted, Obion County, Tennessee, is named after the Obion River. After the 1818 Chickasaw cession of West Tennessee Davy Crockett moved to the South Fork Obion River, list of Tennessee rivers U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, Obion River
9.
Tennessee State Route 22
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State Route 22 is a 172. 8-mile long south-to-north state highway in the western part of the U. S. state of Tennessee. It begins at the Mississippi state line in McNairy County, where the roadway continues as Mississippi Highway 2 and it ends at the Kentucky state line in Lake County, when it crosses into the Kentucky Bend, a detached portion of Fulton County, Kentucky. The monument for the 1862 Battle of Island Number Ten in the American Civil War is located on SR-22, State Route 22A is a 26. 0-mile-long alternate route of SR-22 that exists in the west-central part of the U. S. state of Tennessee. Its routing takes it through parts of McNairy, Chester, SR-22 is one of only three highways in the state to have signed alternate routes. It begins in Milledgeville, at an intersection with the SR-22 mainline and SR-69, the highway travels due west for one block and curves to the northwest and enters Chester County. Just on the city limits of Milledgeville, SR-22A curves to a western routing. There, it intersects the terminus of SR-224 and curves to the north-northwest. After a slight jog to the west, it resumes its north-northwesterly routing, SR-22A travels through rural areas of the county and enters Jacks Creek, where it intersects SR-100. The alternate route then curves to the north-northeast and enters Henderson County, SR-22A is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the nations economy, defense, and mobility. State Route 22 Business is a route in Huntingdon, Tennessee. The SR-22 freeway section from Martin to Union City is proposed to be Interstate 169, roads portal Tennessee Department of Transportation. State Highway and Interstate List 2003, Interstate 169 on Interstate-guide. com Tennessee State Route 22 3-digit Interstates from I-69
10.
New Madrid Seismic Zone
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The New Madrid fault system was responsible for the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes and may have the potential to produce large earthquakes in the future. Since 1812, frequent smaller earthquakes have been recorded in the area, Earthquakes that occur in the New Madrid Seismic Zone potentially threaten parts of eight American states, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Oklahoma and Mississippi. It also covers a part of West Tennessee, near Reelfoot Lake and it is southwest of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone. Most of the seismicity is located between 3 and 15 miles beneath the Earths surface, many of the published accounts describe the cumulative effects of all the earthquakes, thus finding the individual effects of each quake can be difficult. Magnitude estimates and epicenters are based on interpretations of historical accounts, archaeological studies have found from studies of sand blows and soil horizons that previous series of very large earthquakes have occurred in the NMSZ in recent prehistory. Evidence has also found for an apparent series of large earthquakes around 2350 BC. These features were interpreted to have been caused by groups of large earthquakes timed closely together, francis sunklands showed slowed growth in the half century that followed 1812. These were interpreted as clear signals of the 1811–1812 earthquake series in tree rings, the first known written record of an earthquake felt in the NMSZ was from a French missionary traveling up the Mississippi with a party of explorers. At 1 p. m. on Christmas Day 1699, at a site near the location of Memphis. December 16,1811,0815 UTC, epicenter in northeast Arkansas, it caused only slight damage to man-made structures, the future location of Memphis, Tennessee was shaken at Mercalli level nine intensity. A seismic seiche propagated upriver and Little Prairie was destroyed by liquefaction, local uplifts of the ground and water waves moving upstream gave the illusion that the river was flowing backwards. At New Madrid, trees were knocked down and riverbanks collapsed, in Jefferson, Indiana, furniture moved and in Lebanon, Ohio, residents fled their homes. Observers in Herculaneum, Missouri, called it severe and said it had a duration of 10–12 minutes. Aftershocks were felt every six to ten minutes, a total of 27, in New Madrid until what was called the Daylight Shock, many of these were also felt throughout the eastern US, though with less intensity than the initial earthquake. December 16,1811, the Daylight Shock,1415 UTC, epicenter in northeast Arkansas, January 23,1812,1500 UTC, epicenter in the Missouri Bootheel. The meizoseismal area was characterized by general ground warping, ejections, fissuring, severe landslides, johnston and Schweig attributed this earthquake to a rupture on the New Madrid North Fault. This may have placed strain on the Reelfoot Fault, february 7,1812,0945 UTC, epicenter near New Madrid, Missouri. At St. Louis, Missouri, many houses were severely damaged, johnston and Schweig attributed this shock to the Reelfoot fault, a reverse fault segment that crosses under the Mississippi River just south of Kentucky Bend
11.
1890 United States Census
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The Eleventh United States Census was taken beginning June 2,1890. The data was tabulated by machine for the first time, the data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier. Data was entered on a machine readable medium, punched cards, the total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing. The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was believed that the right answer was at least 75,000,000. The United States census of 1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in America, down from 400,764 Native Americans identified in the census of 1850. The 1890 census announced that the region of the United States no longer existed. Up to and including the 1880 census, the country had a frontier of settlement, by 1890, isolated bodies of settlement had broken into the unsettled area to the extent that there was hardly a frontier line. This prompted Frederick Jackson Turner to develop his Frontier Thesis, the original data for the 1890 Census is no longer available. Almost all the schedules were damaged in a fire in the basement of the Commerce Building in Washington. Some 25% of the materials were presumed destroyed and another 50% damaged by smoke, the damage to the records led to an outcry for a permanent National Archives. The Librarian was asked by the Bureau to identify any records which should be retained for historical purposes, congress authorized destruction of that list of records on February 21,1933, and the surviving original 1890 census records were destroyed by government order by 1934 or 1935. The other censuses for which information has been lost are the 1800 and 1810 enumerations. Mayo-Smith, Richmond, The Eleventh Census of the United States
12.
1930 United States Census
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The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in 1949, after which the original sheets were destroyed. The microfilmed census is located on 2,667 rolls of microfilm, several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, and digital indices. Microdata from the 1930 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System
Obion County, Tennessee
