1.
Charles Lederer
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Charles Lederer was an American screenwriter and film director. A child prodigy, he entered college at age 13, Lederer is recognized for his comic and acerbic adaptations and collaborative screenplays of the 1940s and early 1950s. His screenplays frequently delved into the corrosive influences of wealth and power, Lederer was born in New York City to two prominent figures in the American theater, Broadway producer George Lederer and singer Reine Davies. After his parents were separated, Lederer and his younger sister Pepi moved to California and were raised by his mothers sister, actress Marion Davies. He grew up in Hollywood, spending time at San Simeon, the enchanted castle on the hill. He was a prodigy and was admitted to UC Berkeley at the age of 13. According to biographer William MacAdams, Hollywood was home to Lederer, virtually none of the film community had grown up in Los Angeles, but Lederer had been brought there when he was 11 by Marion Davies, his mothers sister. Lederer thus knew the movie colony inside out as seen from the top, when he was 19, Lederer became friends with Ben Hecht, who introduced him to the New York literati. His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired to write dialogue for the film The Front Page. He later moved back to Hollywood to become a full-time screenwriter, Lederer is recognized for his acerbic wit, with adaptations and collaborative screenplays written mostly during the 1940s and early 1950s. His screenplays frequently delved into the corrosive influences of wealth and power, yet his comedy writing was also among the best of the period, and he, along with Hecht and Herman Mankiewicz became major contributors to the film genre known as screwball comedy. He was friends with screenwriters Joseph and Herman Mankiewicz, Herman would later become co-screenwriter of Citizen Kane. After becoming friends with Lederer, Herman told Joe to come to the office of their mutual friend Charlie Lederer, as explained by Hollywood columnist Pauline Kael, Mankiewicz found himself on story-swapping terms with the power behind it all, Hearst himself. Lederer, a prodigy, who had entered college at thirteen. Lederer was Marion Davies’s nephew – the son of her sister Reine. Marion was childless, and Lederer was very close to her, he spent a deal of his time at her various dwelling places, and took his friends to meet both her and Hearst. ”After finishing the script for Citizen Kane, Mankiewicz gave a copy to Lederer. In some crazily naive way, Mankiewicz seems to have imagined that Lederer would be pleased by how good it was, but Lederer, apparently, was deeply upset and took the script to his aunt and Hearst. It went from them to Hearsts lawyers, Lederer, however, told director Peter Bogdanovich that Kael was totally incorrect in this matter, and she never bothered to check with him
2.
George Clooney
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George Timothy Clooney is an American actor, filmmaker, and activist. He has received three Golden Globe Awards for his work as an actor and two Academy Awards, one for acting in Syriana and the other for co-producing Argo, in 1999, he took the lead role in Three Kings, a well-received war satire set during the Gulf War. In 2001, Clooneys fame widened with the release of his biggest commercial success, the heist comedy remake Oceans Eleven, in 2013, he received the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing the political thriller Argo. He is the person who has been nominated for Academy Awards in six different categories. In 2009, Clooney was included in Times annual Time 100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World and he is also noted for his political activism, and has served as one of the United Nations Messengers of Peace since January 31,2008. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, Clooney was born in Lexington, Kentucky. His mother, Nina Bruce, was a beauty queen and city councilwoman and his father, Nick Clooney, is a former anchorman and game show host who hosted AMC for five years in the late 1990s. Clooney has Irish, German, and English ancestry and his maternal great-great-great-great-grandmother, Mary Ann Sparrow, was the half-sister of Nancy Lincoln, mother of President Abraham Lincoln. Clooney has a sister named Adelia. His aunt was the cabaret singer and actress Rosemary Clooney. Through Rosemary, his cousins include actors Miguel Ferrer, Rafael Ferrer, and Gabriel Ferrer, Clooney was raised a strict Roman Catholic, but said in 2006 that he does not know if he believes in Heaven, or even God. He has said, Yes, we were Catholic, big time, whole family and he began his education at the Blessed Sacrament School in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky. He attended St. Michaels School in Columbus, Ohio, then Western Row Elementary School in Mason, Ohio, from 1968 to 1974, and St. Susanna School in Mason, the Clooneys moved back to Kentucky when George was midway through the seventh grade. In middle school, Clooney developed Bells palsy, a condition that partially paralyzes the face, the malady went away within a year. In an interview with Larry King, he stated that yes and it takes about nine months to go away. It was the first year of school, which was a bad time for having half your face paralyzed. After his parents moved to Augusta, Kentucky, Clooney attended Augusta High School and he has stated that he earned all As and a B in school, and was an enthusiastic baseball and basketball player. He tried out to professional baseball with the Cincinnati Reds in 1977
3.
Brad Pitt
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William Bradley Brad Pitt in Shawnee Oklahoma. He is an American actor and producer and he has received multiple awards and nominations including an Academy Award as producer under his own company Plan B Entertainment. Pitt first gained recognition as a hitchhiker in the road movie Thelma & Louise. His first leading roles in big-budget productions came with the dramas A River Runs Through It and Legends of the Fall, Pitt starred in the cult film Fight Club and the heist film Oceans Eleven and its sequels, Oceans Twelve and Oceans Thirteen. As a public figure, Pitt has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry, as well as the worlds most attractive man and his personal life is also the subject of wide publicity. Divorced from actress Jennifer Aniston, to whom he was married for five years and they have six children together, three of whom were adopted internationally. In September 2016, Jolie filed for divorce from Pitt, William Bradley Pitt was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, to William Bill Alvin Pitt, manager of a trucking company, and Jane Etta, a school counsellor. The family soon moved to Springfield, Missouri, where he lived together with his siblings, Douglas. Pitt has described Springfield as Mark Twain country, Jesse James country, having grown up with a lot of hills, Pitt attended Kickapoo High School, where he was a member of the golf, swimming and tennis teams. He participated in the schools Key and Forensics clubs, in school debates, following his graduation from high school, Pitt enrolled in the University of Missouri in 1982, majoring in journalism with a focus on advertising. As graduation approached, Pitt did not feel ready to settle down and he loved films—a portal into different worlds for me—and, since films were not made in Missouri, he decided to go to where they were made. Two weeks before earning his degree, Pitt left the university and moved to Los Angeles, while struggling to establish himself in Los Angeles, Pitt took lessons from acting coach Roy London. Pitts acting career began in 1987, with uncredited parts in the films No Way Out, No Mans Land and his television debut came in May 1987 with a two-episode role on the NBC soap opera Another World. In November of the same year Pitt had a guest appearance on the ABC sitcom Growing Pains and he appeared in four episodes of the CBS primetime series Dallas between December 1987 and February 1988 as Randy, the boyfriend of Charlie Wade. Later in 1988, Pitt made a guest appearance on the Fox police drama 21 Jump Street, in the same year, the Yugoslavian–U. S. Co-production The Dark Side of the Sun gave Pitt his first leading film role, the film was shelved at the outbreak of the Croatian War of Independence, and was not released until 1997. He made guest appearances on television series Head of the Class, Freddys Nightmares, Thirtysomething, and Growing Pains. Pitt was cast as Billy Canton, an addict who takes advantage of a young runaway in the 1990 NBC television movie Too Young to Die. the story of an abused teenager sentenced to death for a murder
4.
Matt Damon
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Matthew Paige Damon is an American actor, film producer, and screenwriter. He is ranked among Forbes magazines most bankable stars and is one of the actors of all time. Born and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Damon began his career by appearing in high school theater productions. Damon is also known for his roles as Jason Bourne in the Bourne franchise. The latter also won him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Damon has received Emmy Award nominations for his portrayal of Scott Thorson in the biopic Behind the Candelabra and for producing the reality series Project Greenlight. He also received an Oscar nomination for producing Manchester by the Sea, in addition to acting in films, Damon has performed voice-over work in both animated and documentary films and has established two production companies with Affleck. He has been involved in charitable work, including the ONE Campaign, H2O Africa Foundation, Feeding America. Damon is married to Luciana Bozán Barroso, and they have three daughters together, Damon was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second son of Kent Telfer Damon, a stockbroker, and Nancy Carlsson-Paige, an early childhood education professor at Lesley University. His father has English and Scottish ancestry, and his mother is of five-eighths Finnish, Damon and his family moved to Newton for two years. His parents divorced when he was two old, and Damon and his brother returned with their mother to Cambridge, where they lived in a six-family communal house. His brother Kyle is now a sculptor and artist. As a lonely teenager, Damon has said that he felt that he did not belong, due to his mothers by the book approach to child-rearing, he had a hard time defining a self identity. He attended Cambridge Alternative School and then Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, Damon performed as an actor in several high school theater productions. He credited his drama teacher, Gerry Speca, as an important artistic influence, though Ben Affleck, his friend and schoolmate, got the biggest roles. While at Harvard, he wrote a treatment of the screenplay for Good Will Hunting as an exercise for an English class. Damon was a member of the Delphic Club, one of the Universitys select Final Clubs, in 2013, he was awarded the Harvard Arts Medal. Damon received an Academy Award for the screenplay of Good Will Hunting in 1998, which was handed to him by Harvard alumnus Jack Lemmon, Damon entered Harvard in 1988, where he appeared in student theater plays, such as Burn This and A. Later, he made his debut at the age of 18
5.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
6.
Rat Pack
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The Rat Pack was a supergroup of actors originally centered on their leader, Frank Sinatra. Later it was revealed by Sinatra that Joey Bishop headed the bunch, Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop, they appeared together on stage and in films in the early 1960s, including the movies Oceans 11, Sergeants 3, and Robin and the 7 Hoods. Sinatra, Martin, and Davis were regarded as the lead members. The name The Rat Pack was first used to refer to a group of friends in New York, several explanations have been offered for the famous name over the years. Rat Pack may also be a version of Holmby Hills Rat Pack. Visiting members included Errol Flynn, Ava Gardner, Nat King Cole, Robert Mitchum, Elizabeth Taylor, Janet Leigh, Tony Curtis, Mickey Rooney, Lena Horne, Jerry Lewis and Cesar Romero. In his autobiography The Moons a Balloon, David Niven confirms that the Rat Pack originally included him but neither Sammy Davis, the 1960s version of the group included Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr. Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop. Marilyn Monroe, Angie Dickinson, Juliet Prowse, Buddy Greco, the post-Bogart version of the group was reportedly never called that name by any of its members – they called it the Summit or the Clan. The Rat Pack was a used by journalists and outsiders. Often, when one of the members was scheduled to give a performance, the marquees of the hotels at which they were performing as individuals would read, for example, DEAN MARTIN - MAYBE FRANK - MAYBE SAMMY as seen on a Sands Hotel sign. Rat Pack members played a role in campaigning for Kennedy and the Democrats, Lawford had asked Sinatra if he would have Kennedy as a guest at his Palm Springs house in March 1962, and Sinatra went to great lengths to accommodate the President. When Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy advised his brother to sever his ties to Sinatra because of the association with Mafia figures such as Sam Giancana. Kennedy instead chose to stay at rival Bing Crosbys estate, which further infuriated Sinatra, Lawford was blamed for this, and Sinatra never again had a good word for from that point onwards. Lawfords role in the upcoming 4 for Texas was written out, and his part in Robin and the 7 Hoods was given to Bing Crosby. It has since been broadcast on Nick at Nite as part of The Museum of Television & Radio Showcase series and released on DVD as part of the Ultimate Rat Pack Collection, Live & Swingin. In 1981, Dean Martin and Sammy Davis, Jr. appeared together in the film Cannonball Run and this would be the last time that the three would appear in a movie together. In December 1987, at Chasens restaurant in Los Angeles, Sinatra, Davis, at the press conference to announce the tour, Martin joked about calling the tour off, and Sinatra rebuked a reporter for using the term Rat Pack, referring to it as that stupid phrase. Martin had since become increasingly dependent on alcohol and prescription drugs, Davis had hip replacement surgery two years previously, and been estranged from Sinatra because of Davis use of cocaine
7.
Bellagio (resort)
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Bellagio is a resort, luxury hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International and was built on the site of the demolished Dunes hotel, inspired by the Lake Como town of Bellagio in Italy, Bellagio is famed for its elegance. One of its most notable features is an 8-acre lake between the building and the Strip, which houses the Fountains of Bellagio, a dancing water fountain synchronized to music. Inside Bellagio, Dale Chihulys Fiori di Como, composed of over 2,000 hand-blown glass flowers, covers 2,000 sq ft of the lobby ceiling, Bellagio is home to Cirque du Soleils aquatic production O. The main tower of Bellagio, with 3,015 rooms, has 36 floors, the Spa Tower, which stands to the south of the main tower, has 33 floors, a height of 392 ft and contains 935 rooms. Bellagio was designed by DeRuyter Butler and Atlandia Design, construction on the Bellagio began in May 1996. Bellagio had a construction cost of US$1.6 billion. The interior design on the Bellagio was designed by Architectural Digest 100 four time winner Roger Thomas, Roger Thomas is the executive vice president of design for Wynn Design & Development, and principal of the Roger Thomas Collection. Bellagio opened on October 15,1998, just before 11 pm, when it opened, it was the most expensive hotel ever built. In 2000 it became an MGM Mirage property when Mirage Resorts merged with MGM Grand Inc. to create MGM Mirage, in 2010, the company was renamed MGM Resorts International in a move to go worldwide with its brands. In the fall of 2006, the floor was remodeled and new uniforms were issued. On December 15,2010, a helmet-wearing gunman robbed the casino of $1.5 million in chips, in August 2011, he was convicted to a prison term of 9–27 years. The stakes at the Big Game can range up to $4, 000/$8,000, and are frequented by such poker pros as Doyle Brunson, Daniel Negreanu and it is reported that the pots during this game can far exceed $1 million. Bellagio has also partnered with the World Poker Tour to host several of their tournaments, the performances take place in front of the Bellagio hotel and are visible from numerous vantage points on the Strip, both from the street and neighboring structures. The show takes place every 30 minutes in the afternoons and early evenings, two minutes before a water show starts, the nozzles begin to break the water surface and the lights illuminating the hotel tower turn to a purple hue, or red-white-and-blue for certain music. Shows may be cancelled without warning because of wind, although shows usually run with less power in face of wind. A single show may be skipped to avoid interference with a planned event, additional shows can occur for special occasions including weddings. The fountain display is choreographed to various pieces of music, including Time To Say Goodbye, God Bless the USA, Your Song, Viva Las Vegas, Luck Be a Lady, the fountains are set in a 8-acre manmade lake
8.
The Mirage
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The Mirage is a 3,044 room Polynesian-themed resort and casino resort located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. The resort was built by developer Steve Wynn and is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. The original marquee sign in front of the Mirage is the largest free standing marquee in the world, the resort is connected by a free tram to the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino neighboring the hotels property to the north. The Mirage was built by developer Steve Wynn and designed by Joel Bergman and it was built on the site formerly occupied by the Castaways and prior to that, the Red Rooster Nite Club. The Mirage was proposed with an initial cost of $565 million, financier Michael Milken helped finance the project by selling $525 million worth of mortgage bonds. The Mirage was the first resort that was built with the money of Wall Street through the use of junk bonds, the project went over budget, and was the most expensive hotel-casino in history, with a construction cost of US $630 million. The hotels distinctive gold windows get their color from gold dust used in the tinting process. The Mirages construction is considered noteworthy in that Wynn had set a new standard for Vegas resorts, also, this was a time when Las Vegas was no longer considered a fashionable destination, so a new, high-profile, project was necessary to jump-start the ailing industry. Wynn planned for the resort to feature boxing matches to compete against the Las Vegas Hilton, Wynn initially considered naming the resort the Golden Nugget, after his Golden Nugget hotel-casino in downtown Las Vegas. However, Wynn and others involved with the new resort knew that it would need a different name, otherwise, Wynn chose The Mirage because of the resorts South Pacific theme. In 1988, to avoid confusion, Wynn purchased the rights to the Mirage name from two other businesses, the La Mirage Casino and the Mirage Motel, both businesses received $250,000 to change their names. The Mirage, initially scheduled for an opening in early December 1989, was opened early on November 22,1989, at the time of its opening, The Mirage was the largest hotel in the world, with 3,044 rooms. The hotel tower, standing 29 stories, was out in a Y-shape design, a concept that was later copied by Las Vegas Treasure Island, Monte Carlo. The hotels top five floors were used exclusively for high roller rooms, the Mirage was the first new resort to be built on the Las Vegas Strip in 16 years, after the completion of the MGM Grand in 1973. When it opened, The Mirage was the first casino to use security cameras full-time on all table games, starting in February 1990, The Mirage was the venue for the Siegfried & Roy show, held in the resorts 1, 500-seat showroom. The two headliners combined magic and the use of wild animals, the show closed in 2003 after performer Roy Horn was bitten and injured by one of the white tigers used in the show. In 1993, The Mirage hosted an extended run of the Cirque du Soleil show Nouvelle Expérience in a tent in The Mirage parking lot and it was during this time that Steve Wynn decided to invite Cirque to create Mystère for the soon-to-be-built Treasure Island resort next door. Finally returning to where they began in Las Vegas, Cirque du Soleil has a permanent production at The Mirage, as of 1999, The Mirage had 6,000 employees
9.
MGM Grand Las Vegas
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The MGM Grand Las Vegas is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The MGM Grand is the largest single hotel in the United States with 5,124 rooms and it is also the third-largest hotel complex in the world by number of rooms and second-largest hotel resort complex in the United States behind the combined The Venetian and The Palazzo. When it opened in 1993, the MGM Grand was the largest hotel complex in the world, owned and operated by MGM Resorts International, the 30-floor main building is 293 ft high. The property includes five outdoor pools, rivers, and waterfalls that cover 6.6 acres, a 380,000 sq ft convention center, the MGM Grand Garden Arena, and the Grand Spa. Instead, the MGM Grand is linked by pedestrian bridges to its neighboring casinos, to the south across Tropicana Avenue, the Tropicana. The property was originally the site of the Golf Club Motel during the 1960s, in 1972, Tom Wiesner co-founded Southwest Securities Development Company, and later founded Wiesner Investment Company. Southwest planned to renovate the structure and add a 14-story addition with 518 rooms. Fred Harvey Company would serve as the operator of the hotel, its restaurants, Fred Harvey had previously opened hotels in other parts of the United States under the Airport Marina name. Southwest also planned to construct a 28,400 sq ft casino that would operate separately from Fred Harvey, the 700-room Marina, located at 3805 South Las Vegas Boulevard, was built by Wiesner Investment Company and was opened in 1975. Kerkorian saw the Marina as a stable and solidly built resort, and decided not to destroy the hotel, during that time, the Marina was known as the MGM-Marina Hotel. The Marina closed on November 30,1990, and ground was broken for the new hotel complex on October 7,1991. The Marina hotel building still exists as the west wing of the hotel building. When the latest MGM Grand opened on December 18,1993, at that time it had an extensive Wizard of Oz theme, including the green Emerald City color of the building and the decorative use of Wizard of Oz memorabilia. After entering the main entrance, one would find themselves in the Oz Casino facing Emerald City. Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion were seen in front of the city and it would end at the door of the city, leading inside for a performance of The Wizards Secrets. When MGM Grand began its refurbishment in 1996, the Oz Casino was the first to go. The Emerald City was completely demolished, and the Emerald City Gift Shop was moved to a new shopping section of the casino, the store remained open until early 2003. Originally, the entrance on the Strip was inside the mouth of a giant cartoon-like version of MGMs logo, Leo the Lion
10.
SWAT
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SWAT is a term for law enforcement units which use specialized or military equipment and tactics in the United States. In the United States as of 2005, SWAT teams were deployed 50,000 times every year, almost 80% of the time to search warrants. Other countries have developed their own police units that are also described as or compared to SWAT forces. SWAT units are equipped with specialized firearms including submachine guns, assault rifles, breaching shotguns, sniper rifles, riot control agents. The tactic worked and was soon to resolve other types of incidents involving heavily-armed criminals. The LAPD promoted what became known as SWAT teams for a variety of reasons, after the racially charged Watts Riots in Los Angeles in August 1965, the LAPD began considering tactics it could use when faced with urban unrest, rioting, or widespread violence. Daryl Gates, who led the LAPD response to the riots, would write that police at the time didnt face a single mob. New York University professor Christian Parenti has written that SWAT teams were originally conceived of as an urban counterinsurgency bulwark. Another reason for the creation of SWAT teams was the fear of lone or barricaded gunmen who might outperform police in a shootout, after the LAPDs establishment of its own SWAT team, many law enforcement agencies across the United States established their own specialized units under various names. At the time, the United Farm Workers union led by César Chavez was staging numerous protests in Delano, though the strike never turned violent, the Delano Police Department responded by forming ad-hoc SWAT-type units involving crowd and riot control, sniper skills and surveillance. Television news stations and print media carried live and delayed reportage of events across the United States. Personnel from the LAPD, having seen these broadcasts, contacted Delano, inspector Gates approved this idea, and he formed a small select group of volunteer officers. This first SWAT unit initially consisted of fifteen teams of four men each and these officers were given special status and benefits, and were required to attend special monthly training sessions. The unit also served as a security unit for police facilities during civil unrest, the LAPD SWAT units were organized as D Platoon in the Metro division. Early police powers and tactics used by SWAT teams were aided by legislation passed in 1967-8 with the help of Republican House representative Donald Santarelli. The legislation was promoted within the context of fears over the Civil Rights Movement, race riots, the Black Panther Party, and the emerging War on Drugs. The first significant deployment of the LAPDs SWAT unit was on December 9,1969, the raid was problematic from the start, leading to a shoot-out in which Daryl Gates phoned the Department of Defense, requesting and receiving permission to use a grenade launcher. The Panthers eventually surrendered, with four Panthers and four officers being injured, all six arrested Panthers were acquitted of the most serious charges brought against them, including conspiracy to murder police officers, because it was ruled that they acted in self-defense
11.
Carl Reiner
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Carl Reiner is an American actor, director, producer, and writer of comedy whose career spans nearly seven decades. During the early years of comedy, from 1950 to 1957, he co-wrote and acted on Caesars Hour and Your Show of Shows. In the 1960s Reiner was best known as the creator, producer, writer, Reiner played a comedy duo in 2000 Year Old Man with Mel Brooks, and acted in films such as The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming and the Oceans Trilogy. Reiner has won twelve Emmy Awards and one Grammy Award during his career and he is the father of actor and director Rob Reiner and author Annie Reiner. Reiner was born in the Bronx, New York City, New York on March 20,1922, the son of Irving, who was a watchmaker and his parents were Jewish immigrants, his mother from Romania and his father from Austria. His older brother Charlie served in the 9th Divisions 37th Infantry at 11 major World War II battles and had his ashes buried at Arlington National Cemetery. At age 16, Charlie read in the New York Daily News about a dramatic workshop being put on by the Works Progress Administration. His uncle Harry Mathias was the first entertainer in his family and he had been working as a machinist repairing sewing machines. He credits Charlie with changing his career plans, Reiner was drafted into the Army Air Forces in 1943 and served during World War II, eventually achieving the rank of corporal. During language training, he had his first experience as a director, in 1944, after completing language training, he was sent to Hawaii to work as a teleprinter operator. The night before he was to out for an unknown assignment. Following an audition for actor and Major Maurice Evans, he was transferred to the Special Services, Reiner performed around the Pacific theater, entertaining troops in Hawaii, Guam, Saipan, Tinian, and Iwo Jima for the next two years. Reiner performed in several Broadway musicals and had the role in Call Me Mister. In 1950, he was cast by producer Max Leibman in Sid Caesars Your Show of Shows, appearing on air in skits while also working alongside writers, such as Mel Brooks and Neil Simon. Reiner also worked on Caesars Hour with Brooks, Simon, Larry Gelbart, Mel Tolkin, Mike Stewart, Aaron Ruben, Sheldon Keller, starting in 1960, Reiner teamed with Brooks as a comedy duo on The Steve Allen Show. Their performances on television and stage included Reiner playing the man in 2000 Year Old Man. Eventually, the routine expanded into a series of 5 comedy albums, the act gave Brooks an identity as a comic performer for the first time, said Reiner. Brookss biographer, William Holtzman, called their 12-minute act a jazz improvisation
12.
Julia Roberts
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Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman and she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart. Roberts was the actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s. Her fee for 1990s Pretty Woman was US$300,000, in 2003, as of 2007 Robertss net worth was estimated to be US$140 million. She has been named one of People magazines 50 Most Beautiful People in the World eleven times, Roberts was born on October 28,1967, in Smyrna, Georgia, to Betty Lou Bredemus and Walter Grady Roberts. She is of English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, German and her father was a Baptist, her mother a Roman Catholic, and she was raised Catholic. Her older brother, Eric Roberts, from whom she was estranged until 2004, sister Lisa Roberts Gillan, Robertss parents, one-time actors and playwrights, met while performing theatrical productions for the armed forces. They later co-founded the Atlanta Actors and Writers Workshop in Atlanta and they ran a childrens acting school in Decatur, Georgia, while they were expecting Julia. The children of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King attended the school, as a thank-you for his service, Mrs. King paid Mrs. Robertss hospital bill when Julia was born. Robertss mother filed for divorce in 1971, the divorce was finalized in early 1972, from 1972, Roberts lived in Smyrna, Georgia, where she attended Fitzhugh Lee Elementary School, Griffin Middle School, and Campbell High School. In 1972, her mother married Michael Motes, who was abusive and often unemployed, the couple had a daughter, Nancy Motes, who died at 37 on February 9,2014, of an apparent drug overdose. The marriage ended in 1983, with Betty Lou divorcing Motes on cruelty grounds, Robertss own father died of cancer when she was ten. Roberts wanted to be a veterinarian as a child and she also played the clarinet in her school band. After graduating from Smyrnas Campbell High School, she attended Georgia State University and she later headed to New York City to pursue a career in acting. Once there, she signed with the Click Modeling Agency and enrolled in acting classes, Roberts made her first big screen appearance in the film Satisfaction, alongside Liam Neeson and Justine Bateman, as a band member looking for a summer gig. She had previously performed a role opposite her brother, Eric, in Blood Red, filmed in 1987. Her first television appearance was as a rape victim in the initial season of the series Crime Story with Dennis Farina, in the episode titled The Survivor. Her first critical success with moviegoers was her performance in the independent film Mystic Pizza in 1988, that same year, she had a role in the fourth-season finale of Miami Vice
