1.
Julie Newmar
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Julie Newmar is an American actress, dancer and singer, known for a variety of stage, screen, and television roles. She won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role as Katrin Sveg in the 1958 Broadway production of The Marriage-Go-Round, in the 1960s, she starred for two seasons as Catwoman in the television series Batman. Her other stage credits include the Ziegfeld Follies in 1956, and Irma in Irma la Douce in regional productions. She appeared in the video for George Michaels 1992 single Too Funky. Her voice work includes the 2016 film Batman, Return of the Caped Crusaders and she was born in Los Angeles as Julia Chalene Newmeyer, the eldest of three children born to Don and Helen Newmeyer. Her Swedish-French mother was a designer who used Chalene as her professional name. Newmar began her career as a dancer, training with Denishawn and later appearing in the Ziegfeld Follies, Newmar has two younger brothers, Peter Bruce Newmeyer and John A. Newmeyer, a writer, epidemiologist, and winemaker. Newmar was a dancer-assassin in Slaves of Babylon and the girl in Serpent of the Nile. She danced in other films, including The Band Wagon and Demetrius and the Gladiators. She also worked as a choreographer and dancer for Universal Studios and her first major role, billed as Julie Newmeyer, was as Dorcas, one of the brides in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers. Her three-minute Broadway appearance as the leggy Stupefyin Jones in the musical Lil Abner in 1956 led to a reprise in the version released in 1959. She was also the lead in a low-budget comedy, The Rookie. Newmar had first appeared on Broadway in 1955 in Silk Stockings which starred Hildegarde Neff and she also appeared in the film, The Marriage-Go-Round, which starred James Mason and Susan Hayward. Newmar developed the role of the Swedish vixen and won a Tony Award for Best Supporting Actress and she later appeared on stage with Joel Grey in the national tour of Stop the World - I Want to Get Off and as Lola in Damn Yankees. And Irma in Irma La Douce. and in Mackennas Gold and she also appeared in a pictorial in the May 1968 issue of Playboy magazine, which featured Playmate Elizabeth Jordan. The film To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar pays homage to the actress, Newmar herself makes a cameo appearance near the films end. Newmars fame stems mainly from her television appearances and her statuesque form made her a larger-than-life sex symbol, most often cast as a temptress or Amazonian beauty, including an early appearance in sexy maid costume on The Phil Silvers Show. She starred as Rhoda the Robot in the TV series My Living Doll, Newmar modified her Catwoman costume—now in the Smithsonian Institution—and placed the belt at the hips instead of the waist to emphasize her hourglass figure
2.
Rod Serling
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Serling was active in politics, both on and off the screen, and helped form television industry standards. He was known as the young man of Hollywood, clashing with television executives and sponsors over a wide range of issues including censorship, racism. Serling was born on December 25,1924, in Syracuse, New York and he was the second of two sons born to Esther and Samuel Lawrence Serling. Serlings father had worked as a secretary and amateur inventor before having children, sam Serling later became a butcher after the Great Depression forced the store to close. Rod had a brother, Robert J. Serling. Serling spent most of his youth 70 miles south of Syracuse in the city of Binghamton after his family moved there in 1926 and his parents encouraged his talents as a performer. Sam Serling built a stage in the basement, where Rod often put on plays. His older brother, writer Robert, recalled that, at the age of six or seven, Rod often talked to people around him without waiting for their answers. On a two-hour-long trip from Binghamton to Syracuse, the rest of the family remained silent to see if Rod would notice their lack of participation and he did not, talking nonstop through the entire car ride. In elementary school, Serling was seen as the class clown, however, his seventh-grade English teacher, Helen Foley, encouraged him to enter the schools public speaking extracurriculars. He joined the team and was a speaker at his high school graduation. He began writing for the newspaper, in which, according to the journalist Gordon Sander. He was also interested in sports and excelled at tennis and table tennis, when he attempted to join the varsity football team, he was told he was too small at 5 feet 4 inches tall. Serling was interested in radio and writing at an early age and he listened to various radio programs, especially thrillers with a fantasy or horror feel. Arch Oboler and Norman Corwin were two of his favorite writers and he also did some staff work at a Binghamton radio station. He was accepted into college during his year of high school. As editor of his school newspaper, Serling encouraged his fellow students to support the war effort. He wanted to leave school before graduation to join the fight, War is a temporary thing, Gus Youngstrom told him
3.
Satan
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Satan is a figure appearing in the texts of the Abrahamic religions who brings evil and temptation, and is known as the deceiver who leads humanity astray. In the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, Satan is primarily an accuser and adversary, a malevolent entity, also called the devil. Although Satan is generally viewed as having negative characteristics, some groups have different beliefs. In Theistic Satanism, Satan is considered a deity who is either worshipped or revered, in LaVeyan Satanism, Satan is a symbol of virtuous characteristics and liberty. The original Hebrew term satan is a noun from a verb meaning primarily to obstruct, oppose, as it is found in Numbers 22,22,1 Samuel 29,4, ha-Satan is traditionally translated as the accuser or the adversary. The definite article ha- is used to show that this is a title bestowed on a being, thus, this being would be referred to as the satan. Ha-Satan with the definite article occurs 13 times in the Masoretic Text, in two books of the Hebrew Bible, Job ch. 1–2 and Zechariah 3, 1–2. 32 behold, I went out to thee,1 Samuel 29,4 The Philistines say, lest he be an adversary against us 2 Samuel 19,22 David says. 1 Kings 5,4 Solomon writes to Hiram, there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent, when the angels present themselves to God, Satan comes as well. God informs Satan about Jobs blameless, morally upright character, God therefore gives Satan permission to test Job. In the end, Job remains faithful and righteous, and there is the implication that Satan is shamed in his defeat, some scholars see contact with religious dualism in Babylon, and early Zoroastrianism in particular, as influencing Second Temple Judaism, and consequently early Christianity. Subsequent development of Satan as a deceiver has parallels with the spirit in Zoroastrianism, known as the Lie. In the Septuagint, the Hebrew ha-Satan in Job and Zechariah is translated by the Greek word diabolos, the Book of Enoch contains references to Satariel, thought also to be Sataniel and Satanel. The similar spellings mirror that of his angelic brethren Michael, Raphael, Uriel, the Second Book of Enoch, also called the Slavonic Book of Enoch, contains references to a Watcher called Satanael. It is a text of an uncertain date and unknown authorship. The text describes Satanael as being the prince of the Grigori who was cast out of heaven, a similar story is found in the book of 1 Enoch, however, in that book, the leader of the Grigori is called Semjâzâ. In the Book of Wisdom, the devil is represented as the being who brought death into the world, in the Book of Jubilees, Mastema induces God to test Abraham through the sacrifice of Isaac. He is identical to Satan in both name and nature, in Judaism, the term satan used since its earliest biblical contexts to refer to a human opponent
4.
The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)
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The Twilight Zone is an American science-fiction, fantasy, psychological-supernatural horror anthology television series created by Rod Serling, which ran for five seasons on CBS from 1959 to 1964. Each story typically features a moral and a surprise ending, the series is notable for featuring both established stars and younger actors who would become more famous later on. Serling served as producer and head writer, he wrote or co-wrote 92 of the shows 156 episodes. He was also the shows host and narrator, delivering monologues at the beginning, Serlings opening and closing narrations usually summarize the episodes events encapsulating how and why the main character had entered the Twilight Zone. In 2016, it was ranked No.8 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 greatest shows of all time, in 2002, The Twilight Zone was ranked No.26 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked it as the third best-written TV series ever, by the late 1950s, Rod Serling was a regular name in television. His successful teleplays included Patterns and Requiem for a Heavyweight, but constant changes and edits made by the networks, in Requiem for a Heavyweight, the line Got a match. But according to comments in his 1957 anthology Patterns, Serling had been trying to delve into more controversial than his works of the early 1950s. Despite bad reviews, activists sent numerous letters and wires protesting the production, the script, however, was rejected and shelved for a year until Bert Granet discovered and produced it as an episode of Desilu Playhouse in 1958. The show was a success and enabled Serling to finally begin production on his anthology series. There is a dimension, beyond that which is known to man. It is a dimension as vast as space and as timeless as infinity and it is the middle ground between light and shadow, between science and superstition, and it lies between the pit of mans fears and the summit of his knowledge. This is the dimension of imagination and it is an area which we call The Twilight Zone. The Twilight Zone premiered the night of October 2,1959 and its the one series that I will let interfere with other plans, said Terry Turner for the Chicago Daily News. Even as the show proved popular to televisions critics, it struggled to find an audience of television viewers. CBS was banking on a rating of at least 21 or 22, the series future was jeopardized when its third episode, Mr. Denton on Doomsday earned a 16.3 rating. With one exception, the first season featured scripts written only by Rod Serling and these three were responsible for 127 of the 156 episodes in the series. Additionally, with one exception, Serling never appeared on camera during any first-season episode, Serling did appear on screen in Twilight Zone promotional spots plugging the following weeks episode – just not in the episodes themselves
5.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
6.
Devil
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The Devil is, according to Christianity, the primary opponent of God. Islam identifies the Devil with all those who oppose Allah, some non-Abrahamic religions contain figures similar to the Devil, such as the Buddhist demon Mara and the Zoroastrian spirit Angra Mainyu. The Modern English word devil descends from the Middle English devel, from Old English dēofol, that in turn represents an early Germanic borrowing of Latin diabolus. This in turn was borrowed from Ancient Greek Greek, διάβολος, slanderer, from Greek, διαβάλλειν to slander, διά- across, through + βάλλειν to hurl, probably akin to the Sanskrit gurate he lifts up. In the New Testament, Satan occurs more than 30 times in passages alongside diábolos, in mainstream Judaism there is no concept of a devil as in mainstream Christianity or Islam. Texts make no direct link between the serpent that tempts Eve in the Garden of Eden in Genesis and the references to Satan are in Zechariah. For the Hasidim of the century, ha-satan was Baal Davar. In the Book of Wisdom, the devil is represented as the one who brought death into the world, a similar story is found in 1 Enoch, however, in that book, the leader of the Grigori is called Semjâzâ. In the apocryphal literature, Satan rules over a host of angels, mastema, who induced God to test Abraham through the sacrifice of Isaac, is identical with Satan in both name and nature. The Book of Enoch contains references to Sathariel, thought also to be Sataniel and Satanel, the similar spellings mirror that of his angelic brethren Michael, Raphael, Uriel and Gabriel, previous to his expulsion from Heaven. In mainstream Christianity the devil is usually referred to as Satan, some modern Christians consider the devil to be an angel who, along with one-third of the angelic host rebelled against God and has consequently been condemned to the Lake of Fire. He is described as hating all humanity, opposing God, spreading lies, other modern Christians consider the devil in the Bible to refer figuratively to human sin and temptation and to any immoral human system. Satan is often identified as the serpent who convinced Eve to eat the fruit, thus. He is also identified as the dragon in the Book of Revelation, beelzebub is originally the name of a Philistine god but is also used in the New Testament as a synonym for Satan. A corrupted version, Belzeboub, appears in The Divine Comedy, in Islam the Devil is referred to as Iblis or sometimes the Shaytan. Etymologically, Iblis means the desperate in Arabic, thus, the name Iblis can be seen as a sobriquet given to Shaitan after falling from Grace. The primary characteristic of the Devil, besides hubris, is that he has no other than the power to cast evil suggestions into the hearts of men and women. He was of the jinn and departed from the command of his Lord, then will you take him and his descendants as allies other than Me while they are enemies to you
7.
Time Enough at Last
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Time Enough at Last is the eighth episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. The episode was adapted from a story written by Lynn Venable. The short story appeared in the January 1953 edition of the science fiction magazine If, Time Enough at Last became one of the most famous episodes of the original Twilight Zone and has been frequently parodied since. Henpecked, far sighted bank teller and avid bookworm Henry Bemis works at his window in a bank, while reading David Copperfield, bemiss angry boss, and later his nagging wife, both complain to him that he wastes far too much time reading doggerel. As a cruel joke, his wife asks him to read poetry from one of his books to her, he obliges, only to find that she has inked over the text on every page. Seconds later, she destroys the book by ripping the pages from it much to Henrys dismay, the next day, as usual, Henry takes his lunch break in the banks vault, where his reading will not be disturbed. Moments after he sees a newspaper headline, which reads H-Bomb Capable of Total Destruction, after regaining consciousness and recovering the thick glasses required for him to see, Bemis emerges from the vault to find the bank demolished and everyone in it dead. Leaving the bank, he sees that the city has been destroyed, and realizes that a nuclear war has devastated the Earth. Finding himself totally alone in a world with food to last him a lifetime but no one to share it with. As he prepares to commit suicide using a revolver he has found and his despair gone, Bemis contentedly sorts the books he looks forward to reading for years to come. Just as he bends down to pick up the first book, he stumbles, in shock, he picks up the broken remains of the glasses he is virtually blind without, and says, Thats not fair. There was—was all the time I needed…, and bursts into tears, surrounded by books he now can never read. Time Enough at Last was one of the first episodes written for The Twilight Zone. It introduced Burgess Meredith to the series, he went on to star in three episodes, being introduced as no stranger to The Twilight Zone in promotional spots for season twos The Obsolete Man. He also narrated for the 1983 film Twilight Zone, The Movie, footage of the exterior steps of the library was filmed several months after production had been completed. These steps can also be seen on the exterior of an Eloi public building in MGMs 1960 version of The Time Machine, john Brahm was nominated for a Directors Guild award for his work on the episode. The book that Bemis was reading in the vault and that open when the bomb explodes is A History of the Life. Although the overriding message may seem to be careful what you wish for, paramount among these is the question of solitude versus loneliness, as embodied by Bemis moment of near-suicide
8.
Robber baron (industrialist)
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Robber baron is a derogatory metaphor of social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who used unscrupulous methods to get rich. The metaphor appeared as early as February 9,1859, when The New York Times used it to characterize the unethical business practices by Cornelius Vanderbilt, stiles says the metaphor, conjures up visions of titanic monopolists who crushed competitors, rigged markets, and corrupted government. In their greed and power, legend has it, they held sway over a helpless democracy, charles R. Geisst says, in a Darwinist age, Vanderbilt developed a reputation as a plunderer who took no prisoners. The term combines the pejorative senses of criminal and aristocrat, hostile cartoonists might dress the offenders in royal garb to underscore the offense against democracy. This assumption was clearly implicit in almost all of the criticism of the period, American historian Matthew Josephson further popularized the term during the Great Depression in a 1934 book. Josephson alleged that, like the German princes, American big businessmen amassed huge fortunes immorally, unethically, the theme was popular during the 1930s amid public scorn for big business. However a counterattack by academic historians began as the Depression ended, Business historian Allan Nevins challenged this view of American big businessmen by advocating the Industrial Statesman thesis. Nevins, in his John D. Rockefeller, The Heroic Age of American Enterprise and he argued that while Rockefeller may have engaged in some unethical and illegal business practices, this should not overshadow his bringing order to the industrial chaos of the day. Gilded Age capitalists, according to Nevins, sought to order and stability on competitive business. Richard White, historian of the railroads, stated in 2011 he has no use for the concept. He notes that, Much of the history of corporations is a reaction against the Robber Barons and fictions. In the popular culture the metaphor continues, in 1975 the student body of Stanford University voted to use Robber Barons as the nickname for their sports teams. However, school administrators disallowed it, saying it was disrespectful to the schools founder, in academe, the education division of the National Endowment for the Humanities has prepared a lesson plan for schools asking whether robber baron or captain of industry is the better terminology. They state, In this lesson, you and your students will attempt to establish a distinction between robber barons and captains of industry, students will uncover some of the less honorable deeds as well as the shrewd business moves and highly charitable acts of the great industrialists and financiers. It has been argued that only such people were able to amass great amounts of capital could our country become the worlds greatest industrial power. During the Occupy Wall Street protests of 2011, the term was used by Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders in his attacks on Wall Street. He said We believe in this country, we love this country, the metaphor has also been used to characterize Russian businessmen allied to Vladimir Putin. The people here are listed in Josephson, Robber Barons or in the source, John Jacob Astor – New York Andrew Carnegie – Pittsburgh
9.
FOB (shipping)
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FOB, Free On Board, is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer. Under the Incoterms 2010 standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce, FOB terms do not define transfer of ownership of the goods. Ownership of the cargo is independent from incoterms, in international trade, ownership of the cargo is defined by the bill of lading or waybill. This term FOB is also used in modern domestic shipping within the USA to describe the point at which a seller is no longer responsible for shipping cost, indicating FOB port means that the seller pays for transportation of the goods to the port of shipment, plus loading costs. The buyer pays cost of freight transport, insurance, unloading. The passing of risks occurs when the goods are loaded on board at the port of shipment, the use of FOB originated in the days of sailing ships. When the ICC first wrote their guidelines for the use of the term in 1936, in 1954 in the case of Pyrene Co. Ltd. v. Scindia Navigation Co. Ltd. Incoterms 1990 stated, When the ships rail serves no purpose, such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic. Incoterms 2000 adopted the wording, If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail, the criterion passing the ships rail is no longer in use, having been dropped from the FOB Incoterm in the 2010 revision. For example, FOB Vancouver indicates that the seller will pay for transportation of the goods to the port of Vancouver, the buyer pays for all costs beyond that point, including unloading. Responsibility for the goods is with the seller until the goods are loaded on board the ship, once the cargo is on board, the buyer assumes the risk. Due to potential confusion with domestic North American usage of FOB, it is recommended that the use of Incoterms be explicitly specified, Incoterms apply to both international trade and domestic trade, as of the 2010 revision. In North America, FOB is written into an agreement to determine where the liability responsibility for the goods transfers from the seller to the buyer. FOB stands for Free On Board or so there is no line item payment by the buyer for the cost of getting the goods onto the transport, there are two possibilities, FOB origin, or FOB destination. FOB origin means the transfer occurs as soon as the goods are safely on board the transport, FOB destination means the transfer occurs the moment the goods are removed from the transport at the destination. FOB origin indicates that the sale is considered complete at the shipping dock. With FOB destination, the sale is complete at the buyers doorstep, the two terms have a specific meaning in commercial law and cannot be altered. But the FOB terms do not need to be used, the last distinction is important for determining liability or risk of loss for goods lost or damaged in transit from the seller to the buyer
10.
Malcolm Jameson
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Malcolm Routh Jameson, commonly known as Malcolm Jameson, was an American science fiction author. An officer in the US Navy, he was active in American pulp magazines during the Golden Age of Science Fiction and his writing career began when complications of throat cancer limited his activity. According to John W. Campbell Jr. Jameson had much to do with the development of naval ordnance. Jamesons first published fiction appeared in Astounding Science Fiction in 1938 and his story Doubled and Redoubled may be the earliest work of fiction to feature a time loop. P. Schuyler Miller wrote that Jameson drew on his own experience to give the stories a warm atmosphere of reality. Alfred Bester described meeting Jameson in about 1939, Mort Weisinger introduced me to the informal gatherings of the working science fiction authors of the late thirties. Malcolm Jameson, author of navy-oriented space stories, was there, tall, gaunt, prematurely grey, speaking in slow, now and then he brought along his pretty daughter, who turned everybodys head. The hour-long fourth season episode was broadcast on April 11,1963, Jameson had eleven stories published in the magazine Unknown/Unknown Worlds in the early 1940s, Philtered Power, March 1940. Not According to Dante, June 1941, in His Own Image, February 1942. The Old Ones Hear, June 1942, * Heaven Is What You Make It, August 1943. Blind Alley, novella, Unknown, June 1943, Bullard of the Space Patrol, edited by Andre Norton, Cleveland, World Pub. Co. World Junior Library,1951,235 p, reprint edition, excluded the story The Bureaucrat. E-book publication as Bullard, from Cadet to Commander, A Story of the Space Patrol, Spellcaster E Books, land of the Burning Sea, e-book, Spellcaster E Books, September 2005, originally published in April 1942 in Thrilling Wonder Stories
