Offshore financial centre
An offshore financial centre (OFC) is defined as a "country or jurisdiction that provides financial services to nonresidents on a scale that is incommensurate with the size and the financing of its domestic economy."
IFSC, Dublin, Ireland. Ireland is a top-five conduit OFC, the largest global tax haven, and the third-largest OFC shadow banking centre.
Spuerkeess Bank HQ, Luxembourg. Luxembourg is the second largest Sink OFC, the sixth largest global OFC, and the second largest OFC shadow banking centre.
Singapore Exchange, SGX Centre, Singapore.
Dutch Stock Exchange, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The Netherlands is the largest global Conduit OFC, and is the 5th largest global OFC, and is the 4th largest shadow banking OFC.
A financial centre or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance, and financial markets, with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries, institutional investors, and issuers. Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services.
New York City's Financial District in Lower Manhattan, including Wall Street, the largest International Financial Centre (IFC) and fintech centre in the world
International Finance Centre (Hong Kong)
London is one of the main global financial centres in Europe.
Frankfurt's banking district, home to various global and European bank headquarters. The district houses the main German stock exchange and many EU and German regulators.