1.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
2.
Ohio's 10th congressional district
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Ohios 10th congressional district is represented by Representative Mike Turner. The district is based in southwestern Ohio and consists of Montgomery, Greene, the following chart shows historic election results. Ohios 10th congressional district Democratic primary election 2008 Ohios congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
3.
Joshua Reed Giddings
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Joshua Reed Giddings was an American attorney, politician and a prominent opponent of slavery. He represented Ohio in the U. S. House of Representatives from 1838–59 and he was at first a member of the Whig Party and was later a Republican, helping found the party. He quickly resigned, but was overwhelmingly re-elected by his Ohio constituents in an election to fill the vacant seat. He returned to the House and served a total of twenty more years as representative. Joshua Reed Giddings was born at Tioga Point, now Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in 1806 his parents Elizabeth and Joshua Giddings moved the family to Ashtabula County, Ohio, which was then sparsely settled. Here they settled on Ohios Western Reserve, where Giddings lived for most of the rest of his life, many settlers from New England went there. As the Reserve was widely famous for its radicalism, Giddings may have inspired in his first stirrings of passion for antislavery. Giddings worked on his fathers farm and, although he received no education, devoted much time to study. As a teenager he joined a regiment for the War of 1812. He served for five months, including battles against American Indian allies of the British, for several years after the war Giddings was a schoolteacher. He later read law with Elisha Whittlesey in preparation for a career as an attorney, in February 1821 Giddings was admitted to the bar in Ohio. He soon built up a practice, particularly in criminal cases. From 1831 to 1837 he was in partnership with Benjamin Wade, Giddings was first elected to the Ohio House of Representatives, serving one term from 1826–1827. The Panic of 1837, in which Giddings lost a great deal of money and he ran for federal office and was elected to Congress. Giddings ran first as a Whig, then as a Free-soiler, next as a candidate of the Opposition Party, not being an official committee, they met their operating expenses out of their own pockets. Their headquarters was in a boarding-house directly in front of the Capitol, where Giddings, Gates, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts was not a member of the committee, but acted as a powerful ally. Giddings found an opportunity to attack slavery when on February 9,1841, he delivered a speech upon the Seminole War in Florida. In the Creole case of 1841, American slaves had revolted and forced the brig Creole into Nassau, Bahamas, southern slaveholders argued for the federal government to demand the return of the slaves or compensation
4.
30th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, D. C. from March 4,1847 to March 4,1849, during the last two years of the administration of President James K. Polk. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840, the Senate had a Democratic majority, and the House had a Whig majority. It was the only Congress in which Abraham Lincoln served. S, presidential election,1848, Whig Zachary Taylor defeated Lewis Cass in the first US presidential election held in every state on the same day. 1846–1848, Mexican-American War March 3,1849, United States Department of the Interior established,108,9 Stat.395 March 3,1849, Gold Coinage Act, sess. 109,9 Stat.397 February 2,1848, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo signed, ending the Mexican–American War, may 29,1848, Wisconsin admitted as the 30th U. S. state, sess. 50,9 Stat.235 August 14,1848, Oregon Territory was formed from territory ceded by Great Britain, March 3,1849, Minnesota Territory formed from the Wisconsin Territory, sess. 121,9 Stat.403 During this congress, two Senate seats was added for the new state of Wisconsin, during this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Wisconsin. President, George M. Dallas President pro tempore, David R. Atchison Speaker, winthrop This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district, skip to House of Representatives, below The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Directory for the 30th Congress, 3rd Session
5.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
Joshua Reed Giddings
John Hutchins
Richard C. Parsons
Henry B. Payne
Amos Townsend
David R. Paige
William McKinley
George W. Crouse
Martin L. Smyser
Vincent A. Taylor
William J. White
Clifton B. Beach
Fremont O. Phillips
Jacob A. Beidler
L. Paul Howland
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William Gordon
Charles A. Mooney
Miner G. Norton
Martin L. Sweeney
Michael A. Feighan
James V. Stanton
Mary Rose Oakar