1.
Gayle McKeachnie
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Gayle F. McKeachnie is a Utah Republican politician and was the fifth Lieutenant Governor of Utah from 2003 until 2005. McKeachnie received his B. A. from the College of Southern Utah, for a time, McKeachnie was an adjunct professor at Brigham Young Universitys J. Reuben Clark Law School. McKeachnie was elected to four terms in the Utah State House of Representatives, from 1985 to 1986 he served as the majority whip for the Republican Party. After his service in the legislature, McKeachnie served as the chairman of the Board of trustees for Utah State University. It was while serving as a university trustee that McKeachnie became Utahs fifth Lieutenant Governor, in October,2003, Utah Governor Michael O. Leavitt resigned his office, having been appointed to a position in the Bush Administration. Leavitt was succeeded by his lieutenant governor, Olene S. Walker, the Walker–McKeachnie administration was short lived, however. In May 2004, at the Utah State Republican Convention, Walker failed to win her partys nomination to seek a full term, today McKeachnie continues to be involved in Utah politics and policies. He is prominent in Utah as an expert on issues, including gas. His expertise in rural and energy issues makes him a highly sought-after advisor. McKeachnie served in the Huntsman administration as the leader of Rural Affairs, McKeachnie is also a close confidante of his successor as Lieutenant Governor, Gary Herbert, now the Governor. McKeachnie also currently serves as a member of the Board overseeing the School and Institutional Trust Lands Association
2.
Mike Leavitt
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Michael Okerlund Mike Leavitt is an American Republican politician. He served as the 14th Governor of Utah from 1993 to 2003, as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2003 to 2005 and as Secretary of Health, Leavitt serves as a co-leader of the Prevention Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center. Leavitt was born in Cedar City, Utah, the son of Phyllis Anne, Leavitt graduated with a degree in business from Southern Utah University and married Jacalyn Smith. Leavitt is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Leavitt is a descendant of an old Massachusetts Puritan family, and a direct descendant of Dudley Leavitt, a Mormon pioneer. Leavitts business career started with his joining The Leavitt Group, an insurance company founded by his father. He rose to become the president and CEO and presided over a period of expansion. He was subsequently appointed to the boards of directors of local and regional companies, including Utah Power and Light. As a regent, he helped oversee Utahs nine public colleges and universities, for four years, he was chair of Southern Utah Universitys board of trustees. In 1976, Leavitt assisted his father, then a Utah state senator and he worked on a number of U. S. Senate campaigns through the 1980s for Jake Garn and Orrin Hatch. Leavitt first ran for governor in 1992 and he had tough competition in the Republican Party primary from Richard Eyre who had more delegates vote for him at the state Republican convention. He defeated Independent Party candidate Merrill Cook and Democratic nominee Stewart Hanson in the general election, a holiday fire shortly before noon on December 15,1993, destroyed much of the Utah Governors Mansion, but spared the lives of the first family and staff. Leavitt was re-elected in 1996 with the largest vote total in state history, while Governor, Leavitt and Roy Romer of Colorado were the two key founders of Western Governors University in 1997, one of the first exclusively online schools in the nation. In addition to Leavitt and Romer,17 other governors signed legislation creating the school as a private university. Leavitt came under criticism in 1998, while Governor, when asked why polygamy is not often prosecuted, he stated he was not sure. He was later forced to backpedal and claimed that polygamy should be against the law, in 2000, Leavitt became only the second Governor in Utah history to be re-elected to a third term. As Governor, he held positions in national and regional organizations, such as the Council of State Governments. On August 11,2003, President George W. Bush nominated Leavitt as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency at a conference in Aurora. He was confirmed on October 28,2003 by a vote of 88–8 in the United States Senate, on November 5, having resigned the governorship, Leavitt was sworn in as the 10th Administrator of the EPA
3.
Jon Huntsman Jr.
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He has served in the administrations of five U. S. Presidents and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican presidential nomination. In January 2014, Huntsman was named Chairman of the Washington-based foreign policy think-tank the Atlantic Council and it has been reported he was chosen to be the next Ambassador to Russia in March 2017. Huntsman has served in every administration since Ronald Reagan. He began his career as a White House staff assistant for Ronald Reagan, later as Deputy U. S. Trade Representative under George W. Bush, he launched global trade negotiations in Doha in 2001 and guided the accession of China into the World Trade Organization. He also served as CEO of his family-owned Huntsman Corporation and chairman of the Huntsman Cancer Foundation, in 2009, he was appointed United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama. While Governor, he was named Chairman of the Western Governors Association, under his leadership, Utah was named the best managed state in America by the Pew Center on the States. He won re-election in 2008 with nearly 78% of the vote, Huntsman was born March 26,1960 in Redwood City, California. His mother is Karen Huntsman, daughter of LDS Church apostle David B, haight, and his father is billionaire businessman and philanthropist Jon Huntsman Sr. of the Huntsman Corporation. Through his father, Huntsman Jr. is the great-great-great-grandson of early LDS Church leader Parley P. Pratt, at age 15 in 1975, Huntsman earned the rank of Eagle Scout, the highest rank of the Boy Scouts of America. Huntsman attended Highland High School in Salt Lake City, but dropped out before graduating to pursue his passion as a player in a rock band called Wizard. Huntsman later obtained a G. E. D. and enrolled at the University of Utah, where he became, like his father, a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Huntsman served as a Mormon missionary in Taiwan for two years and later transferred to the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in international politics in 1987. While visiting the White House in 1971 during his fathers service as Special Assistant to the President and he worked as a White House staff assistant in President Ronald Reagans administration in 1983. From 1987 to 1988, Huntsman and his family lived and worked in Taipei, in the 1988 presidential election, he was a state delegate at the 1988 Republican National Convention. Under President George H. W. Bush, Huntsman was deputy assistant secretary in the International Trade Administration from 1989 to 1990 and he subsequently served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for trade development and commerce for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, serving from 1990 to 1991. In June 1992, Bush appointed Huntsman to become U. S. Ambassador to Singapore and he became the youngest U. S. Ambassador to serve in over 100 years. In January 2001, after George W. Bush took office as President, in March, he reportedly turned down the nomination to be the U. S. Ambassador to Indonesia. On March 28, Bush appointed Huntsman to be one of two Deputy United States Trade Representatives in his administration, he served in this role from 2001 to 2003, in March 2003, Huntsman resigned his post in the Bush administration
4.
Lieutenant Governor of Utah
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The Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Utah was created in 1975. Eight people have held the position since then, prior to the creation of the lieutenant governors office, the succession to the governorship of Utah was held by the Utah Secretary of State. The office of the secretary of state was abolished by the legislature in 1976. Utah has no Secretary of State, and many of the functions that would commonly be served by a secretary of state are fulfilled by the lieutenant governor and he has general oversight authority over all elections—federal, state, or local—that take place in Utah
5.
W. Val Oveson
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Wilford Val Oveson is an American Republican Party politician in the state of Utah. Oveson has held state offices in Utah, most notably the third Lieutenant Governor of Utah. Oveson was born in 1952 in Provo, Utah and raised in Orem, Utah and he attended Brigham Young University and earned a degree in accounting. He became a public accountant, working for an Orem accounting firm for several years before starting his own accounting and auditing business. Oveson launched his career with a successful run for Utah State Auditor in 1980. The Republican Partys presumptive nominee had been disqualified from running because he had not lived in Utah for the five years. Oveson became the Republican nominee instead and soon became the youngest person elected to office in Utah at the age of 28. His performance as State Auditor led Utah House of Representatives Speaker Norm Bangerter to say that he audit like a junkyard dog, in 1984, rather than running for re-election, Oveson became the running mate of Republican gubernatorial candidate Norm Bangerter. Bangerter and Oveson won the Republican primary in August 1984, overcoming the wealthy Congressman Dan Marriotts well-funded campaign, Bangerter and Oveson received about 56% of the vote. They were narrowly re-elected in 1988, as Lieutenant Governor, Oveson directed a statewide performance audit aimed a reducing the cost of government. In 1990, Utah was named Best Managed State by Financial World, soon after his second term expired, Oveson was appointed Chairman of the Utah State Tax Commission in 1993 by Governor Mike Leavitt. In this capacity he redesigned the computer systems and processes for the commission and he served in this position until 1998, when he was appointed the first head of the Office of the Taxpayer Advocate, this position had been created by legislation passed by Congress in 1996. In 2000, Oveson joined PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he was a director and lead of the knowledge management function for the state. He was based in Washington, D. C, in 2003, Governor Leavitt selected Oveson as Utahs Chief Information Officer. Oveson was confirmed by the Utah Senate and served until the end of Leavitts term, in 2004, during his tenure as state CIO, Oveson was named one of the Public Officials of the Year by Governing Magazine for his work in eGovernment. Oveson returned to the sector after leaving the state government. He is currently a partner with Utahs largest accounting firm, WSRP, LLC, Accountants and Business Consultants
6.
Ogden, Utah
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Ogden /ˈɒɡdɛn/ is a city and the county seat of Weber County, Utah, United States, approximately 10 miles east of the Great Salt Lake and 40 miles north of Salt Lake City. The population was 84,316 in 2014, according to the US Census Bureau, the city served as a major railway hub through much of its history, and still handles a great deal of freight rail traffic which makes it a convenient location for manufacturing and commerce. Ogden is also known for its historic buildings, proximity to the Wasatch Mountains. Ogden is a city of the Ogden–Clearfield, Utah Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Weber, Morgan, Davis. The 2010 Census placed the Metro population at 597,159, in 2010, Forbes rated the Ogden-Clearfield MSA as the 6th best place to raise a family. Ogden has had a Sister City relationship to Hof since 1954, originally named Fort Buenaventura, the city of Ogden was the first permanent settlement by people of European descent in the region that is now Utah. It was established by the trapper Miles Goodyear in 1846 about a mile west of where downtown Ogden is currently located, in November 1847, Fort Buenaventura was purchased by the Mormon settlers for $1,950. There is some confusion in which Ogden was the first to set foot in the Utah city, peters older brother Samuel Ogden traveled though the western United States on an exploration trip in 1818. The site of the original Fort Buenaventura is now a Weber County park, Ogden is the closest sizable city to the Golden Spike location at Promontory Summit, Utah, where the First Transcontinental Railroad was joined in 1869. Railroad passengers traveling west to San Francisco from the eastern United States typically passed through Ogden, in 1972, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints completed construction of and dedicated the Ogden Utah Temple in Ogden. The temple was built to serve the large LDS population in the area, in 2010, the LDS Church announced a major renovation of the Ogden Temple and the adjacent Tabernacle. The Temple was rededicated in 2014, because Ogden has historically been the second largest city in Utah, it is home to a large number of historic buildings. However, by the 1980s, several Salt Lake City suburbs, the Defense Depot Ogden Utah operated in Ogden from 1941 to 1997. Some of its 1,128 acres has since converted into a commercial and industrial park called the Business Depot Ogden. Ogden is located at 41°13′11″N 111°58′16″W, at the foot of the Wasatch Mountains, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 26.6 square miles, all land. Elevations in the city range from about 4,300 to 5,200 feet above sea level, the Ogden and Weber Rivers, which originate in the mountains to the east, flow through the city and meet at a confluence just west of the city limits. Pineview Dam is located in the Ogden River Canyon 7 miles east of Ogden, the reservoir behind the dam provides over 110,000 acre feet of water storage and water recreation for the area. Prominent mountain peaks near Ogden include Mount Ogden to the east, Ogden experiences a dry summer continental climate
7.
Utah
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Utah is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U. S. on January 4,1896, Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million, approximately 80% of whom live along the Wasatch Front, Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast, approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS, which greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Churchs world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City, Utah is the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, in 2013, the U. S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median income and the least income inequality of any U. S. state. A2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, the name Utah is derived from the name of the Ute tribe. It means people of the mountains in the Ute language, according to other sources Utah is derived from the Apache name Yudah which means Tall. These Native American tribes are subgroups of the Ute-Aztec Native American ethnicity and were sedentary, the Ancestral Pueblo people built their homes through excavations in mountains, and the Fremont people built houses of straw before disappearing from the region around the 15th century. Another group of Native Americans, the Navajo, settled in the region around the 18th century, in the mid-18th century, other Uto-Aztecan tribes, including the Goshute, the Paiute, the Shoshone, and the Ute people, also settled in the region. These five groups were present when the first European explorers arrived, the southern Utah region was explored by the Spanish in 1540, led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, while looking for the legendary Cíbola. A group led by two Catholic priests—sometimes called the Dominguez-Escalante Expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the coast of California, the expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. The Spanish made further explorations in the region, but were not interested in colonizing the area because of its desert nature, in 1821, the year Mexico achieved its independence from Spain, the region became known as part of its territory of Alta California. European trappers and fur traders explored some areas of Utah in the early 19th century from Canada, the city of Provo, Utah was named for one, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah was named after Peter Skene Ogden, in late 1824, Jim Bridger became the first known English-speaking person to sight the Great Salt Lake. Due to the salinity of its waters, Bridger thought he had found the Pacific Ocean
8.
Salt Lake City
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Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
9.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
10.
Brigham Young University
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Brigham Young University is a private research university in Provo, Utah, United States. Approximately 99 percent of the students are members of the LDS Church, many students either delay enrollment or take a hiatus from their studies to serve as Mormon missionaries. An education at BYU is also less expensive than at similar private universities, BYU offers a variety of academic programs, including liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing, and law. The university is organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges. The universitys primary focus is on education, but it also has 68 masters and 25 doctoral degree programs. BYUs athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the BYU Cougars. Their college football team is an NCAA Division I Independent, while their other teams compete in either the West Coast Conference or Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. BYUs sports teams have won a total of fourteen national championships, on October 16,1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally purchased the Lewis Building after previously hinting that a school would be built in Draper, Utah, in 1867. Hence, October 16,1875, is held as BYUs founding date. The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy, warren Dusenberry served as interim principal of the school for several months until April 1876 when Brigham Youngs choice for principal arrived—a German immigrant named Karl Maeser. Under Maesers direction the school educated many luminaries including future U. S. Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland, the school, however, did not become a university until the end of Benjamin Cluffs term at the helm of the institution. At that time, the school was still privately supported by members of the community and was not absorbed and sponsored officially by the LDS Church until July 18,1896. A series of odd managerial decisions by Cluff led to his demotion, however, in his last official act, he proposed to the Board that the Academy be named Brigham Young University. The suggestion received an amount of opposition, with many members of the Board saying that the school wasnt large enough to be a university. One opponent to the decision, Anthon H. Lund, later said, in 1903 Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions, Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU and he had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer, under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres of land from Provo called Temple Hill. After some controversy among locals over BYUs purchase of property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus
11.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme
12.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
13.
University of Utah
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The University of Utah is a public coeducational space-grant research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. As the states flagship university, the university more than 100 undergraduate majors. The university is classified in the highest ranking, R-1, Doctoral Universities – Highest Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the Carnegie Classification also considers the university as selective, which is its second most selective admissions category. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utahs only medical school, as of Fall 2015, there are 23,909 undergraduate students and 7,764 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 31,673. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret and it received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900. The university ranks among the top 50 U. S. universities by total research expenditures with over $486 million spent in 2014, in addition, the universitys Honors College has been reviewed among 50 leading national Honors Colleges in the U. S. The university has also ranked the 12th most ideologically diverse university in the country. The universitys athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Pac-12 Conference and its football team has received national attention for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl. A Board of Regents was organized by Brigham Young to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley, early classes were held in private homes or wherever space could be found. The university closed in 1853 due to lack of funds and lack of feeder schools, the university moved out of the council house into the Union Academy building in 1876 and into Union Square in 1884. Additional Fort Douglas land has granted to the university over the years. Upon his death in 1900, Dr. John R. Park bequeathed his fortune to the university. One third of the faculty resigned in protest of these dismissals, the controversy was largely resolved when Kingsbury resigned in 1916, but university operations were again interrupted by World War I, and later The Great Depression and World War II. Student enrollment dropped to a low of 3,418 during the last year of World War II, ray Olpin made substantial additions to campus following the war, and enrollment reached 12,000 by the time he retired in 1964. Growth continued in the decades as the university developed into a research center for fields such as computer science. During the 2002 Winter Olympics, the university hosted the Olympic Village, the University of Utah Asia Campus opened as an international branch campus in the Incheon Global Campus in Songdo, Incheon, South Korea in 2014. Three other European and American universities are also participating, the Asia Campus was funded by the South Korean government. Campus takes up 1,534 acres, including the Health Sciences complex, Research Park and it is located on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley, close to the Wasatch Range and approximately 2 miles east of downtown Salt Lake City
14.
Doctor of Philosophy
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A Doctor of Philosophy is a type of doctoral degree awarded by universities in many countries. Ph. D. s are awarded for a range of programs in the sciences, engineering. The Ph. D. is a degree in many fields. The completion of a Ph. D. is often a requirement for employment as a university professor, researcher, individuals with an earned doctorate can use the title of Doctor with their name and use the post-nominal letters Ph. D. The requirements to earn a Ph. D. degree vary considerably according to the country, institution, a person who attains a doctorate of philosophy is automatically awarded the academic title of doctor. A student attaining this level may be granted a Candidate of Philosophy degree at some institutions. A Ph. D. candidate must submit a project, thesis or dissertation often consisting of a body of academic research. In many countries, a candidate must defend this work before a panel of examiners appointed by the university. Universities award other types of doctorates besides the Ph. D. such as the Doctor of Musical Arts, a degree for music performers and the Doctor of Education, in 2016, ELIA launched The Florence Principles on the Doctorate in the Arts. The Florence Principles have been endorsed are supported also by AEC, CILECT, CUMULUS, the degree is abbreviated PhD, from the Latin Philosophiae Doctor, pronounced as three separate letters. In the universities of Medieval Europe, study was organized in four faculties, the faculty of arts. All of these faculties awarded intermediate degrees and final degrees, the doctorates in the higher faculties were quite different from the current Ph. D. degree in that they were awarded for advanced scholarship, not original research. No dissertation or original work was required, only lengthy residency requirements, besides these degrees, there was the licentiate. According to Keith Allan Noble, the first doctoral degree was awarded in medieval Paris around 1150, the doctorate of philosophy developed in Germany as the terminal Teachers credential in the 17th century. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, always public, starting in 2016, in Ukraine Doctor of Philosophy is the highest education level and the first science degree. PhD is awarded in recognition of a contribution to scientific knowledge. A PhD degree is a prerequisite for heading a university department in Ukraine, upon completion of a PhD, a PhD holder can elect to continue his studies and get a post-doctoral degree called Doctor of Sciences, which is the second and the highest science degree in Ukraine. Scandinavian countries were among the early adopters of a known as a doctorate of philosophy
15.
George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts
16.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
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The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon and began operation on December 2,1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House, the agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the president and approved by Congress. The current administrator is Scott Pruitt, the EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the administrator is normally given cabinet rank. The EPA has its headquarters in Washington, D. C. regional offices for each of the ten regions. The agency conducts environmental assessment, research, and education and it has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with state, tribal, and local governments. It delegates some permitting, monitoring, and enforcement responsibility to U. S. states, EPA enforcement powers include fines, sanctions, and other measures. The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs. In 2016, the agency had 15,376 full-time employees, more than half of EPAs employees are engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists, other employees include legal, public affairs, financial, and information technologists. Beginning in the late 1950s and through the 1960s, Congress reacted to increasing concern about the impact that human activity could have on the environment. Senator James E. Murray introduced a bill, the Resources and Conservation Act of 1959, the 1962 publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson alerted the public about the detrimental effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. In the years following, similar bills were introduced and hearings were held to discuss the state of the environment, in the colloquium, some members of Congress expressed a continuing concern over federal agency actions affecting the environment. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 was modeled on RCA, President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January 1,1970. The law created the Council on Environmental Quality in the Executive Office of the President, NEPA required that a detailed statement of environmental impacts be prepared for all major federal actions significantly affecting the environment. The detailed statement would ultimately be referred to as an impact statement. On July 9,1970, Nixon proposed a reorganization that consolidated many environmental responsibilities of the federal government under one agency. After conducting hearings during that summer, the House and Senate approved the proposal, the agency’s first administrator, William Ruckelshaus, took the oath of office on December 4,1970. In May 2013, Congress renamed the EPA headquarters as the William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building, the EPA is led by an Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. As of 2017 Scott Pruitt is the 14th administrator, each EPA regional office is responsible within its states for implementing the Agencys programs, except those programs that have been specifically delegated to states
17.
Utah Republican Party
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The Utah Republican Party works to nominate and support the election of Republican candidates in partisan races for public office in the state of Utah. Promote the principles of the State Party Platform and abide by the laws, constitution. The state of Utah politics was reorganized after the 1890 Manifesto led by Wilford Woodruff, the 1890 Manifesto officially ended the traditionally Mormon practice of Polygamy. Many prominent polygamist Mormons were imprisoned, punished and harassed since the 1890 Manifesto prohibited plural marriage and this action granted the Utah Territory statehood in 1896 on the condition that polygamy was banned in the state constitution. The Republican Frank J. Cannon was the first delegate elected to congress by the state of Utah in 1894, the state of Utah rapidly gained overwhelming support for the Republican Party. Although the Republican Party had played a part in abolishing polygamy. Senator Reed Smoot rose to political power, Smoot led a political alliance of Mormons and non-Mormons that created a strong Republican party in many parts of the state. The Members of the Utah Republican Party are grateful to Almighty God for life, the members desire the perpetuation of the free government principles and the blessings of liberty. The Party is governed by the Utah State Constitution, Party By-lays, the Utah Republican Party controls all five statewide offices and holds a supermajority in the Utah House of Representatives and the Utah State Senate. Republicans also hold both of the states U. S. Senate seats and all four of the states U. S. House seats, the state party officers are elected for a term of two years. The State Central Committee has representatives from every county in Utah, along with the automatic members, each county chair and vice-chair, counties are allocated representative based on the number of voting republicans in that county. These representatives are voted in by each countys central committee which in turn is made up of precinct chairs, Party Caucuses are held every two years in Utah. Each of Utahs 29 counties has a party organization, which operates within that county and sends delegates to the State Central Committee
18.
Weber State University
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Weber State University is a public university in Ogden, Utah, United States. It is a coeducational, publicly supported university offering professional, liberal arts and technical certificates, as well as associates, Weber State University is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities. Programs throughout the university are accredited as well, the school was founded in 1889 as Weber Stake Academy, later changing names to Weber Academy, Weber Normal College, and Weber College. Weber College became a college in 1933, and in 1962 became Weber State College. It gained university status in 1991, when it was renamed to its current name of Weber State University, Weber State University was founded by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as the Weber Stake Academy in 1889. Weber comes from the name of the county where the university is located, Weber County was named after John Henry Weber, an early fur trader. The university opened for students on January 7,1889 with 98 students enrolled for classes, the first principal of Weber Stake Academy was Louis F. Moench. He served from 1889–1892 and again from 1894–1902, in the latter year, Moench was succeeded as principal by David O. McKay who served in that position until 1908. From 1914–1917, James L. Barker was the principal of the Weber Stake Academy, in 1931, the Utah Legislature passed a law providing for the acquisition of Weber College and Snow College from the LDS Church. In 1933, Weber College became a junior college. In 1954 the college moved from its location in Ogden to a spacious. The school became Weber State College in 1962, and in 1964 became a four-year college, on January 1,1991, Weber State was upgraded to university status. Weber State University has developed into a major state undergraduate institution serving northern Utah and areas beyond, including American, Weber State University sits along the east bench of the Wasatch Mountains in Ogden, Utah. The Dee Events Center is located about 1 mile south from campus, there is an additional campus located in Davis County, Utah, and two centers located in Morgan, Utah and Roy, Utah. In addition to its locations, Weber State University has been a pioneer in the development of online education for the Utah System of Higher Education. Weber States Ogden campus covers more than 500 acres, houses 63 buildings, the Davis campus has two buildings, which host more than 300 classes per semester. Weber State also has centers in Roy, Farmington, Kaysville, Clearfield and Morgan, Utah, Weber State Universitys colors are purple and white and their nickname is the Wildcats. Weber State University teams participate in NCAA Division I in the Big Sky Conference, the Weber State University football team plays at Stewart Stadium
19.
Mormons
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After Smiths death in 1844, the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory. Today, most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, some Mormons are also either independent or non-practicing. The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, Mormons have developed a strong sense of communality that stems from their doctrine and history. Mormons dedicate large amounts of time and resources to serving in their church, Mormons have a health code which eschews alcoholic beverages, tobacco, coffee, tea, and other addictive substances. They tend to be very family-oriented, and have connections across generations and with extended family. Mormons also have a law of chastity, requiring abstention from sexual relations outside of heterosexual marriage. Mormons self-identify as Christian, although some non-Mormons consider Mormons non-Christian, Mormons believe in the Bible, as well as other books of scripture, such as the Book of Mormon. They have a view of cosmology, and believe that all people are spirit-children of God. Mormons believe that returning to God requires following the example of Jesus Christ and they believe that Christs church was restored through Joseph Smith and is guided by living prophets and apostles. Central to Mormon faith is the belief that God speaks to his children, due to their high birth and conversion rates, the Mormon population has grown significantly in recent decades rising from around three million in 1970 to over 15 million in 2015. The term Mormons has been embraced by most adherents of Mormonism, most notably Mormon fundamentalists, while other Latter Day Saint denominations, both LDS Church members and members of fundamentalist groups commonly use the word Mormon in reference to themselves. The LDS Church, however, disagrees with this self-characterization, Church leaders also encourage members to use the churchs full name to emphasize its focus on Jesus Christ. Today, polygamy is practiced within Mormonism only by people that have broken with the LDS Church, the history of the Mormons has shaped them into a people with a strong sense of unity and communality. From the start, Mormons have tried to establish what they call Zion, in the first period, Smith had tried literally to build a city called Zion, in which converts could gather. During the pioneer era, Zion became a landscape of villages in Utah, in modern times, Zion is still an ideal, though Mormons gather together in their individual congregations rather than a central geographic location. Mormons trace their origins to the visions that Joseph Smith reported having in the early 1820s while living in upstate New York, in 1823, Smith said an angel directed him to a buried book written on golden plates containing the religious history of an ancient people. Smith published what he said was a translation of these plates in March 1830 as the Book of Mormon, named after Mormon, on April 6,1830, Smith founded the Church of Christ. The early church grew westward as Smith sent missionaries to proselytize, in 1833, Missouri settlers, alarmed by the rapid influx of Mormons, expelled them from Jackson County into the nearby Clay County, where local residents were more welcoming
20.
Primary (LDS Church)
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The Primary is a childrens organization and an official auxiliary within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It acts as a Sunday school organization for the children under the age of 12. The official purpose of Primary is to help parents in teaching their children to learn, the Primary theme is All thy children shall be taught of the Lord, and great shall be the peace of thy children. Primary was first organized in 1878 by Aurelia Spencer Rogers in Farmington, Utah, felt, who served as the president of the organization through 1925. In particular, Rogers felt that the boys in the community were becoming unruly. Two weeks later, the first meeting was held on August 28 and that day, boys were specifically taught not to steal fruit from orchards and girls were taught not to hang on wagons. In addition, they were given lessons on faith, manners, obedience, may Anderson, the second general president of the Primary Association from 1925 to 1939, initiated what became Primary Childrens Hospital in Salt Lake City. Anderson also helped establish kindergartens in Utah, in the 1970s, as a result of the Priesthood Correlation Program, the Primary Association was renamed Primary. Since 2016, Joy D. Jones has been the Primary General President, bingham as First Counselor and Bonnie H. The names of the classes in Primary have varied over time, the following is a partial list of names that have been applied to different age groups in Primary. In January 2010, the names of the classes were changed to the age of entering the class. In most congregations, optional nursery care and supervision is available for children from 18 months to age 3, classroom instruction begins for three-year-olds and continues to age 12, with classes grouped by age. At age 12, children begin to attend Sunday School and the Young Men or Young Women programs, the Primary has its own songbook, made up of original songs and hymns modified for children. Where participants, classrooms or teachers are limited, multiple age-grouped classes may be taught together, in most congregations Primary classes are co-ed. Childrens Songbook CTR ring I Am a Child of God Priesthood Correlation Program Relief Society The Friend Official Primary website
21.
St. George, Utah
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St. George is a city located in the southwestern part of the U. S. state of Utah on the Utah-Arizona border, near the tri-state junction of Utah, Nevada and Arizona. It is the county seat of Washington County, Utah and is the city of the St. George Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is 118 miles northeast of Las Vegas and 300 miles south-southwest of Salt Lake City on Interstate 15, the city is named after George A. Smith, a Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Apostle. As of the 2015 U. S Census estimates, St. George had a population of 80,202, St. George is the seventh-largest city in Utah and the most populous city in the state outside of the Wasatch Front. Today however, growth trends have once again increased at a steady pace, prior to the arrival of Europeans, the St. George area was inhabited by the Virgin River Anasazi and later by the Paiute tribe. The first Europeans in the area were part of the Dominguez–Escalante Expedition in 1776, at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Brigham Young organized the settlement of what is now Washington County, Utah. Fearing that the war would take away the cotton supply, he plans for raising enough in this southwestern country to supply the needs of his people. Enough favorable reports had come to him from this warm region below the rim of the Great Basin, at the general church conference in Salt Lake City on October 6th,1861, about three hundred families were called to the Dixie mission to promote the cotton industry. The families were selected so as to ensure the communities the right number of farmers, masons, blacksmiths, businessmen, educators, carpenters, the settlement was named after George A. Smith, an apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In April 1877, the LDS Church completed the St George and it is the Churchs third temple, and it is the longest continually operating LDS temple in southern Utah, and in the world. One person was killed and twenty-eight homes were destroyed by the raging Santa Clara River, St. George received the brunt of the fallout of above-ground nuclear testing in the Yucca Flats/Nevada Test Site northwest of Las Vegas in the early 1950s. Winds routinely carried the fallout of these tests directly through the St. George and southern Utah area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 64.9 square miles. St. George lies in a valley with most of the city lying below 3,000 feet. Wildlife and vegetation are typical of the Mojave Desert in which it lies and it is situated near a unique geological transition zone where the Mojave, Colorado Plateau and Great Basin all converge. The Virgin and Santa Clara Rivers flow through the valley and converge near the base of Webb Hill. The urban area is studded by numerous hills, mesas, waterways and habitat reserves, creating natural boundaries or dividers of sections, neighborhoods and communities within the city. Today, the city appears much differently than in its days in history when the town was tucked below the red sandstone bluffs between the two black volcanic ridges
22.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
23.
C-SPAN
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C-SPAN, an acronym for Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network, is an American cable and satellite television network that was created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a public service. C-SPAN televises many proceedings of the United States federal government, as well as public affairs programming. Its coverage of political and policy events is unedited, thereby providing viewers with unfiltered information about politics, non-political coverage includes historical programming, programs dedicated to non-fiction books, and interview programs with noteworthy individuals associated with public policy. The network operates independently, and neither the cable industry nor Congress has control of the content of its programming, Congress and other public affairs event and policy discussions. Lamb shared his idea with several executives, who helped him launch the network. Among them were Bob Rosencrans who provided $25,000 of initial funding in 1979 and John D. Evans who provided the wiring and access to the headend needed for the distribution of the C-SPAN signal. C-SPAN was launched on March 19,1979, in time for the first televised session made available by the House of Representatives, upon its debut, only 3.5 million homes were wired for C-SPAN, and the network had just three employees. The second C-SPAN channel, C-SPAN2, followed on June 2,1986 when the U. S. Senate permitted itself to be televised, C-SPAN Radio began operations on October 9,1997, covering similar events as the television networks and often simulcasting their programming. The station broadcasts on WCSP in Washington, D. C. is also available on XM Satellite Radio channel 120 and is streamed live at c-span. org and it was formerly available on Sirius Satellite Radio from 2002 to 2006. Lamb semi-retired in March 2012, coinciding with the channels 33rd anniversary, on January 12,2017, the online feed for C-SPAN1 was interrupted and replaced by a feed from the Russian television network RT for approximately 10 minutes. C-SPAN announced that they were troubleshooting the incident and were operating under the assumption that it was an internal routing issue, C-SPAN celebrated its 10th anniversary in 1989 with a three-hour retrospective, featuring Lamb recalling the development of the network. Five years later, the series American Presidents, Life Portraits, in 2004, C-SPAN celebrated its 25th anniversary, by which time the flagship network was viewed in 86 million homes, C-SPAN2 was in 70 million homes and C-SPAN3 was in eight million homes. Also included in the 25th anniversary was an essay contest for viewers to write in about how C-SPAN has influenced their life regarding community service. For example, one essay contest winner wrote about how C-SPANs non-fiction book programming serves as a resource in his mission to record non-fiction audio books for people who are blind. The network also had an essay contest, the winner of which was invited to host an hour of the broadcast from C-SPANs Capitol Hill studios. C-SPAN continues to expand its coverage of government proceedings, with a history of requests to government officials for greater access, in December 2009, Lamb wrote to leaders in the House and Senate, requesting that negotiations for health care reform be televised by C-SPAN. Committee meetings on health care were broadcast subsequently by C-SPAN and may be viewed on the C-SPAN website, in November 2010, Lamb wrote to incoming House Speaker John Boehner requesting changes to restrictions on cameras in the House. In particular, C-SPAN asked to add some of its own robotically operated cameras to the existing government-controlled cameras in the House chamber, in February 2011, Boehner denied the request
24.
Utah Territory
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The creation of the territory was part of the Compromise of 1850 that sought to preserve the balance of power between slave and free states. The creation of the Utah Territory was partially the result of the petition sent by the Mormon pioneers who had settled in the valley of the Great Salt Lake starting in 1847. S. The Mormon settlers had drafted a constitution in 1849 and Deseret had become the de facto government in the Great Basin by the time of the creation of the Utah Territory. Following the organization of the territory, Young was inaugurated as its first governor on February 3,1851, in the first session of the territorial legislature in September, the legislature adopted all the laws and ordinances previously enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Deseret. In 1861, partly as a result of this, the Nevada Territory was created out of the part of the territory. Non-Mormons also entered the easternmost part of the territory during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, in 1861 a large portion of the eastern area of the territory was reorganized as part of the newly created Colorado Territory. Territories that encompassed land that would become part of the Territory of Utah, Mexican Cession,1848 State of Deseret
25.
Brigham Young
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Brigham Young was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. He was the second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from 1847 until his death in 1877 and he founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. Young also led the foundings of the precursors to the University of Utah, Young was dubbed by his followers the Lion of the Lord for his bold personality and was also commonly called Brother Brigham by Latter-day Saints. Young was a polygamist and was involved in controversies regarding black people and the Priesthood, the Utah War, and the Mountain Meadows massacre. Young was born to John Young and Abigail Nabby Howe, a family in Whitingham, Vermont. Young was first married in 1824 to Miriam Angeline Works, though he had converted to the Methodist faith in 1823, Young was drawn to Mormonism after reading the Book of Mormon shortly after its publication in 1830. He officially joined the new church in 1832 and traveled to Upper Canada as a missionary, after his wife died in 1832, Young joined many Mormons in establishing a community in Kirtland, Ohio. In 1844, while in jail awaiting trial for treason charges, Joseph Smith, several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Young opposed this reasoning and motion, the majority in attendance were persuaded that the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was to lead the church with Young as the Quorums president. Many of Youngs followers would later reminisce that while Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, Young was ordained President of the Church in December 1847, three and a half years after Smiths death. Rigdon became the president of a church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Repeated conflict led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, then to the Salt Lake Valley. By the time Young arrived at the destination, it had come under American control as a result of war with Mexico. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24,1847, Youngs expedition was one of the largest and one of the best organized westward treks. On August 22,29 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, after three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was declared president of the church on December 27,1847. As colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territorys first governor, during his time as prophet, Young directed the establishment of settlements throughout present-day Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Nevada, California and parts of southern Colorado and northern Mexico. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, Young organized the first legislature and established Fillmore as the territorys first capital. Young organized a Board of Regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley and it was established on February 28,1850, as the University of Deseret, its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah
26.
Alfred Cumming (governor)
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Alfred Cumming was appointed governor of the Utah Territory in 1858 replacing Brigham Young following the Utah War, when President James Buchanan wanted a non-Mormon governor. He was born in Augusta, Georgia and he served as governor until 1861 and returned to Washington, D. C. His wife Elizabeth died in 1867 and he was the brother of Henry Harford Cumming, and the uncle of his son, brigadier general Alfred Cumming
27.
John W. Dawson
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John W. Dawson was Governor of Utah Territory in 1861. Born on October 21,1820, in Cambridge, Indiana he was a lawyer, a farmer and he eventually became the Governor of Utah. Hood, leased George W. Woods interest in the Fort Wayne Times and Peoples Press for one year and they changed the name to the Fort Wayne Times and continued to publish until Hood sold his interest to Dawson and Wood. Wood retired in 1854, leaving Dawson in charge of the paper, in 1854, the Times had a decidedly Anti-Nebraska sentiment while Thomas Tigars Fort Wayne Sentinel had the opposite attitude. Dawsons political issues included being anti-abolition, temperance, free public schools, the paper continued in various forms until 1865, when Dawson sold the paper to Henry Dills and Isaac W. Campbell. In 1866, the merged with the Fort Wayne Sentinel. Dawson ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Indiana House of Representatives in 1854, Secretary of State of Indiana in 1856 and he started as a Democrat, but later became a Republican. Abraham Lincoln named him governor of Utah Territory in 1861, but he left the territory, Dawson allegedly made grossly improper proposals to the Mormon widow Albina Merrill Williams, who responded by thrashing him with a fire shovel. Taking a mail coach eastward, he arrived at Ephraim Hanks Pony Express station at Mountain Dell, there, Hanks assured Dawson he was now safe. The thugs later claimed they were acting under orders of the Salt Lake Police Chief. Four of the youths were captured but the three were gunned down trying to escape from police and sheriffs. Dawson later became famous as the first biographer of John Chapman, Dawsons 1871 article in the Fort Wayne News Sentinel of October 21 and 23 about Dawsons childhood friend is still considered the main source for biographical information on Chapman. He died on September 10,1877 and was interred at Lindenwood Cemetery in Fort Wayne, runaway Officials of 1851 - previous Utah Territory office holders who also literally ran away from their official duties
28.
Stephen S. Harding
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Stephen Selwyn Harding was the Governor of the Utah Territory for the Liberal Party in 1862 and 1863 and was chief justice of the Colorado Supreme Court from 1863 to 1865. Harding was born in Palmyra, New York on February 28,1808, in 1820 he moved with his family to Ripley County, Indiana. He studied law in the office of William R. Morris in Brookville, Indiana and he then opened a law office in Richmond, Indiana which remained open for six months when he opened one in Versailles, Indiana. He married Avoline Sprout on October 31,1830 and he stood unsuccessfully as a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Indiana in 1842 and for Governor of Indiana in 1846. He was appointed Governor of Utah Territory by Abraham Lincoln in 1862, soon after he took office he issued a blanket pardon for all Morrisites convicted in connection with the Morrisite War. He also initially tried to appease the Mormon community but soon became critical of church leaders and this resulted in a successful petition for his removal from office. He was then appointed as U. S. consul at Valparaíso, Chile, he decided instead, for domestic reasons, in 1865 he was removed from office for alleged incompetence and immorality. He died on February 12,1891 in Milan, Ripley County, Indiana and was buried in the Greendale Cemetery, Greendale, Harding apparently had contact with the early Mormon religious movements leadership including Joseph Smith, Martin Harris, and Oliver Cowdery. In a letter quoted in an anti-Mormon book, the aging Harding recounts that as a boy, he had seen Smith as a 15-year-old boy fishing in the same Palmyra pond and that Harris occasionally came to visit his parents. Additionally, he along with Harris listened as Oliver Cowdery read from a few of the yet unpublished Book of Mormon manuscripts in the candlelight of the Joseph Smith sr. log home. He also recounts that he had given the first sheet of the freshly printed Book of Mormon title page which he later donated to the LDS church. The Manuscripts of S. S. Harding http, //www. findagrave. com/cgi-bin/fg. cgi. page=gr&GRid=68241898
29.
James Duane Doty
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James Duane Doty was a land speculator and politician in the United States who played an important role in the development of Wisconsin and Utah Territory. Born in Salem, New York, in 1799, Doty was less than three years old when his family moved to Martinsburg, New York, which was founded by his mothers brother General Walter Martin. Doty attended the Lowville Academy several miles north of Martinsburg in Lowville, in 1818, Doty moved to Detroit, the capital of Michigan Territory, where he became an apprentice to Charles Larned, the attorney general. On November 20,1818, he was admitted to the bar in Wayne County and he practiced law until September 29,1819, when he was appointed clerk of court for Michigan Territory. Upon his return to Detroit, Doty resumed his legal practice, in the winter of 1822 Doty traveled to Washington, D. C. where on March 13, with the sponsorship of Henry Wheaton, he was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1823, a new judicial district was created for northern and western Michigan Territory, covering what is now the state of Wisconsin. Doty was appointed as the judge for the district by President James Monroe. Before taking up his new duties, on April 14,1823, Doty married Sarah Collins at Whitesboro, because he was required to live within his district, Doty and his new wife moved from Detroit to Prairie du Chien in 1823. Doty regularly held court at Prairie du Chien, Green Bay and he also served as the first postmaster of Prairie du Chien from 1823 to 1824. In 1824, Doty moved to Green Bay, where he lived until 1841, Doty remained the district judge until he was replaced by David Irvin in 1832. Following his career as a judge, Doty served as a member of the Michigan Territorial Council from 1834 to 1835, representing the western part of the territory. In 1835, his wishes were granted when the Governor of Michigan Territory created a separate legislature to govern the western part of the territory as Michigan prepared for statehood. In 1835, Doty campaigned to represent western Michigan Territory as a delegate in Congress, both Doty and Jones were running as Democrats, but Doty had little true loyalty to any political party. He was conservative in view and usually aligned himself with people were most popular at any given time. After losing the election, Doty turned to land speculation and bought thousands of acres of land across the state, some of which he began developing into the city of Madison, in 1836, Wisconsin Territory was officially created. Doty hoped to be the governor, but President Andrew Jackson appointed Henry Dodge, Dotys longtime political rival. With no public title, Doty worked to improve his holdings in what would become the city of Madison. Doty had this land surveyed and platted, and made plans to create a city on the isthmus between lakes Mendota and Monona, to gain recognition for the planned city, Doty lobbied the new territorial legislature to select his proposed city as the capital of Wisconsin
30.
Charles Durkee
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Charles H. Durkee was an American politician, Congressman and Senator from Wisconsin. Durkee was born in Royalton, Vermont and he became a merchant and moved to Wisconsin in 1836. There he became involved in agriculture and lumbering, and was a founder of the town of Southport, land he once owned in Kenosha is now part of the Library Park Historic District. He entered politics, serving two terms in the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature and he became a member of the Free Soil Party and was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1848 as part of Wisconsins first full congressional delegation. He served in the House for two terms as part of the 31st and the 32nd Congresses from March 4,1849 till March 3,1853 representing Wisconsins 1st congressional district. In 1854, he switched to the newly formed Republican Party and was elected to the United States Senate by the Wisconsin State Legislature and he served for one term, from 1855 to 1861. In 1865 he became governor of the Utah Territory, and served in that position until 1869 when he resigned because of ill health and he died in Omaha, Nebraska while returning home. A street in the city of Appleton, Wisconsin is named for him, an elementary school in Kenosha, Wisconsin bore his name for many years. He gave a speech at the hammering of the Golden Spike in Promontory, Utah on May 10,1869 and his former home, which later became an Episcopal school for girls and is now known as Kemper Hall, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
31.
John Shaffer
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John Wilson Shaffer was an American politician and businessman. Born in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, Shaffer was active in Republican politics in Illinois, in 1849, Shaffer settled in Freeport, Illinois and was involved in the mercantile business. Then, in 1856, he was elected sheriff of Stephenson County and he was elected clerk and recorder for the Illinois Circuit Court for Stephenson County. Shaffer served in the 15th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War and was the quartermaster and he was appointed governor of the territory of Utah by President Ulysses S. Grant. He was known for his opposition of any hint of rebellion against the federal government. He died suddenly during his first year as governor, john Shaffer at Find a Grave
32.
George Lemuel Woods
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George Lemuel Woods was an American lawyer, judge, and politician. A member of the Republican Party, Woods served as the third Governor of Oregon from 1866–1870, failing to win renomination, Woods was then appointed Territorial Governor of Utah by President Ulysses S. Grant, serving in that position from 1871–1875. George Lemuel Woods was born July 30,1832 in Boone County, Missouri, the second of four born to Caleb Woods. His ancestors came to North America from Scotland in the late 17th Century and his father had moved to Missouri in 1808. In 1847, when George was just 15, his parents moved to the Oregon Territory, in Oregon, the family settled in Yamhill County where George was educated in the public schools. In April 1852, Woods was married to Louisa A. McBride, the couple would have two sons. The young couple took a homestead on unimproved government land, which Woods cleared, fenced, unsatisfied with rural life, in 1856 Woods sold his property and enrolled at McMinnville College where he studied law. Working as a carpenter during the day and studying at night, Woods purchased a small law library and was admitted to the bar in 1858. Woods proved capable at the task and gained recognition as a proficient attorney, in 1857, Woods organized Republican clubs in the state and was a noted speaker of the party. Woods was appointed a judge in Wasco County in 1863, Woods toured the state as leading representative of the National Union Party, debating the anti-war Democrat Aaron E. Wait, Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court. In 1865 he was appointed to serve on the Idaho Territory’s Supreme Court, Woods won election over his Democratic opponent, prominent attorney James L. Kelly, in a heated and intense campaign, becoming the third Governor of the state of Oregon. His term began on September 12,1866 and continued until September 14,1870 and his manner of speaking is rapid, but distinct and impressive, never using long or high-sounding words or indulging in any extravagance or impropriety or metaphor. Perhaps no American orator is capable of a quicker or keener retort, Woods failed to win re-election but was immediately appointed by new Republican President Ulysses S. Grant as the Governor of Utah Territory in 1871. Woods proved to be a critic of Mormon leader Brigham Young, after leaving the Utah governorship Woods moved to California where he remained for ten years. He then returned to Oregon in 1885 where he died on January 7,1890, Woods was buried at River View Cemetery in Portland, Oregon. Starr King, and Other Popular Orators, san Francisco, Bacon and Co.1870
33.
Samuel Beach Axtell
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Samuel Beach Axtell was an American jurist and politician. He is noted for serving as Chief Justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court, territorial Governor of Utah and New Mexico, Axtell was born in Franklin County, Ohio, to a family of farmers. An ancestor was an officer in the American Revolutionary army and his grandfather was a Colonel of a New Jersey regiment during the War of 1812. He married Adaline S. Williams of Summit County, Ohio, September 20,1840 and moved to Mt. Clemens, Axtell was a graduate of the Western Reserve College at Oberlin, Ohio and was admitted to the bar in Ohio in the 1830s. In 1851, Axtell was caught up in the last days of the California Gold Rush and he moved to California and engaged in gold mining along the American River - in which he had little success. Upon the organization of Californias counties he became interested in Politics and was elected attorney of Amador County. He moved to San Francisco in 1860, and was elected to the United States Congress as a Democrat, Representing Californias First Congressional District in 1866 and he chose not to run for re-election when he changed political parties. As a prominent western Democrat, he was tapped by President Ulysses Grant to be the Governor of the Utah Territory in 1874, within the year, he was appointed to the slightly more prestigious post of Governor of the New Mexico Territory on July 30,1875. This contributed to the lawlessness that prevailed in much of the territory and he often exhibited dictatorial practices, and when something was wrong, he would blame someone else. This embarrassing episode was chronicled in eastern newspapers and led Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz to initiate an investigation into Axtells activities as governor, despite the corruption, no criminal charges were brought against Axtell. Indeed, he was seen as a prominent political figure in New Mexico. After a brief period, he was appointed chief justice of the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court in 1882. He resigned in May 1885 after Grover Cleveland was elected president, in 1890 he was elected chairman of the New Mexico Territorial Republican Committee. He died at Morristown, New Jersey, despite his total failure as governor, he was a brilliant jurist, and that is his political legacy. However, his time on the bench was still marked with corruption and he often cast out any jurys opinion when he did not agree with it. He is most remembered for two cases, In a celebrated criminal trial at Las Vegas, New Mexico, Axtell had been warned that his life would be forfeited if he dared to sit in the case, Axtell took the bench, and promptly opened court on time. He compelled the sheriff to search all of the court attendants, as a result, forty-two revolvers were piled on the table, some having been taken from the attorneys in the case. Each man carrying a weapon into the room was fined ten dollars for contempt of court
34.
George W. Emery
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George W. Emery was the eleventh governor of Utah Territory. Emery was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant for Supervisor of Internal Revenue for the states from 1870 to 1874. After his term ended in 1880, the Utah Legislature named Emery County, biographical Directory of American Territorial Governors. Salt Lake City, George Cannon & Sons Co
35.
Eli Houston Murray
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Eli Houston Murray was Governor of Utah Territory between 1880 and 1886. The city of Murray, Utah was named for him, Murray had been brevetted to the rank of brigadier general in the American Civil War, and was appointed Governor in 1880. The newly appointed anti-Mormon territorial governor openly supported the Liberal Party of Utah, thus, the 1880 territory-wide election for a congressional delegate unexpectedly proved the closest that the Liberal Party got to sending a representative to Washington, D. C. The Liberal candidate, Allen G. Campbell – with 1357 votes – lost resoundingly to Mormon General Authority George Q, however, before Governor Murray certified the election, a protest on behalf of Campbell was filed. The protest listed a dozen claims, chiefly that Cannon, born in Liverpool, the protest also claimed that Cannons practice of polygamy was incompatible with the law and a delegates oath of office. Murray agreed and issued certification to Campbell in spite of his poor showing, Cannon, in Washington at the time, argued that only Congress could decide on a members qualifications. He furthermore received a certificate from sympathetic territorial election officials which stated he had received the most votes and this document convinced the House of Representatives clerk to enter Cannons name on the roll, so Cannon began drawing delegates salary. Both Murray and Campbell traveled to Washington to dispute the seat, each side battled over the position for over a year, even through the assassination and eventual death of President James Garfield. On February 25,1882, the House of Representatives finally rejected both candidates, the House refused Cannon his seat not for his dubious citizenship, but for his practice of polygamy. The entire ordeal brought unfavorable national attention to Utah regarding the Mormon Question, biography of Murray at a Utah government website Eli Houston Murray
36.
Caleb Walton West
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Caleb Walton West was an American politician and Governor of Utah Territory twice, 1886–1888 and 1893–1896. Born in Cynthiana, Kentucky in Harrison County, Kentucky, he was a Confederate veteran and he was the last Governor of Utah before statehood. Index to Politicians, West to Westbrook, biographical Directory of American Territorial Governors. Tullidge, Edward W. History of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Star Print Company
37.
Heber Manning Wells
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Heber Manning Wells was an American politician and the first Governor of the State of Utah. Utah gained statehood on January 4,1896, Wells served as governor from January 6,1896, Wells was born on August 11,1859. His father was apostle Daniel H. Wells and he graduated from the University of Utah in 1875, and began early to take an active part in public life. Wells was a recorder for Salt Lake City from 1882 to 1890, and he was a member of the constitutional convention which framed the constitution under which Utah was admitted as a state. In 1895, he was elected governor of Utah for a term on the Republican ticket. On June 5,1901, he married Emily Katz, during the prolonged struggle between the mine owners and miners unions in 1904, he maintained an impartial attitude as far as possible, but was firm about maintaining order. In 1905 Wells retired from politics and engaged in banking business and he died in Salt Lake City of an apparent stroke on March 12,1938. Wells married Mary Elizabeth Beatie in 1880, she died and he married Theresa Clawson in 1892, then Theresa died, and in 1901 he married again, to Emily Katz. Rines, George Edwin, ed. Wells, Heber Manning
38.
John Christopher Cutler
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John Christopher Cutler was an American politician and the second Governor of Utah. He served as governor from 1905 to 1909, Cutler was born in Sheffield, England, and his family emigrated to Utah Territory in 1864 after becoming members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. After serving as governor, he involved in banking. He committed suicide by shooting himself on July 30,1928, Cutler was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery. Cutler, John Christopher, in Powell, Allan Kent, Utah History Encyclopedia, Salt Lake City, Utah, University of Utah Press, ISBN0874804256, OCLC30473917 Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint biographical encyclopedia, A compilation of sketches of prominent men and women in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Salt Lake City, Utah, The Andrew Jenson History Company, John Christopher Cutler at Find a Grave
39.
William Spry
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William Spry was an American politician who was the third Governor of Utah. He is the namesake of the William Spry Agriculture Building that houses the Utah Department of Agriculture, Spry was born at Windsor, Berkshire, England. He emigrated to Utah Territory with his parents at the age of eleven and he served as governor of Utah from 1909 to 1917. Spry was an opponent of Prohibition, and vetoed two bills that would have implemented this. From 1921 to 1929 Spry served as commissioner of Public Lands, in 1885, Spry was called as an LDS Church missionary and went to serve in the Southern States Mission. From 1888 to 1891, Spry served as president of the Southern States Mission, in 1890, during his mission, Spry received permission from the leaders of the church to return briefly to Salt Lake City where he married Mary Alice Wrathall. In 1894, Spry was elected county collector in Tooele County, in 1902 Spry was elected to the Utah State Legislature and in 1905 he was appointed one of the members of the Utah state board of land commissioners. In 1915, Spry refused President Woodrow Wilsons request to reconsider the execution of Joe Hill. Spry died in Washington, D. C. in 1929 when he was serving as the Federal Commissioner of Public Lands. He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah, University of Utah Press
40.
Simon Bamberger
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Simon Bamberger was the fourth Governor of Utah after it achieved statehood from territorial status in 1896. Bamberger retains the distinction of being the first non-Mormon, the first Democrat, as well as the first and he was also the third Jew ever elected governor of any state, after Washington Bartlett of California and Moses Alexander of Idaho. Born on February 27,1845 in Darmstadt-Eberstadt, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, Bamberger was the son of Emanuel Bamberger and he emigrated to the United States at the age of fourteen, shortly before the American Civil War broke out. Landing in New York City, he embarked on a train to Cincinnati and this was a logical destination, because Cincinnati was one of the leading centers of German life in the United States at the time. However, Bamberger missed the connection at Columbus and ended up in Indianapolis, Indiana and, then Terre Haute, a few years later, while in Wyoming to collect a debt, Bamberger got word that the business had failed. Figuring he had nothing to lose, he struck out for Utah, Bamberger married Ida Maas in 1881. Bamberger began operating a hotel in Ogden, Utah, not far from Salt Lake City. In 1872, Bamberger invested in a mine, the Centennial Eureka Mine in Juab County. A major vein of silver was struck two years later, making Bamberger a millionaire, for a time, he contemplated retiring. Another notable venture Bamberger pursued was the establishment of a Jewish agricultural colony in Clarion and these were the years of the nascent Zionist movement spearheaded by Theodor Herzl, also a German Jew. It is quite possible that these ideas influenced Bamberger, unfortunately, however, Bamberger constructed a railroad, the Salt Lake and Ogden, from Salt Lake City to Ogden in 1908. In 1910 it was converted to electric operation, eventually the family name was adopted as the Corporate name, and it became the Bamberger Railroad. An amusement park and lake were constructed midway between the towns to attract riders and increase business, particularly during the summer months. The Bamberger had good freight business even though it competed with the Union Pacific Railroad. Due to the impact of the Depression coupled with the use of automobiles riding on new state highways. The Bamberger, however, survived to the due to a good freight business. It had purchased five modern high speed Brill Company Bullet cars in 1938 to improve schedules, during WW2, it constructed new trackage to an army base where it had extensive business. The Bamberger stopped operations in 1955, during all this time, Bamberger had also been getting increasingly involved with politics
41.
Charles R. Mabey
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Charles Rendell Mabey was an American politician and the fifth Governor of Utah. He served as governor from 1921 to 1925 and he was also the last Utah governor to serve just one term Mabey was born in Bountiful in the Utah Territory. He served in the United States army during the Spanish American War, from 1900–1903, Mabey served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Germany. Mabey was a banker by trade and he was a member of the Utah House of Representatives from 1913 to 1915 and served again on active duty in the Utah Field Artillery during World War I. From 1925 to 1935, Mabey served as a member of the General Board of the Young Mens Mutual Improvement Association of the LDS Church, Mabey fathered 4 children, all of them boys, Rendell, Charles, Robert, and Edward. History of the Operations of the Utah Light Artillery, salt Lake City, Daily Reporter Co. ——. The Pony Express, An Epic of the Old West and our Fathers House, Joseph Thomas Mabey Family History. September Sunflowers, Compositions of Prose and Poetry
42.
George Dern
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George Henry Dern was an American politician, mining man, and businessman. He is probably best remembered for co-inventing the Holt–Dern ore roasting process and he also served as the sixth Governor of Utah for eight years, from 1925 to 1933. Dern was a politician who fought for tax reform, public education. He was a public speaker, able to captivate and entertain his audience, whether they were Progressives, Democrats. George Henry Dern was born in Dodge County, Nebraska on September 8,1872 and he was the son of John Dern, a pioneering Nebraska farmer, mine operator, and industrialist, and Elizabeth, whose maiden name was the same as her married name, Dern. John was president of the Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company and no doubt had a influence on George. Dern graduated from Nebraskas Fremont Normal College of Midland University in 1888, Dern was also a talented athlete, serving as the University’s football captain during that time. In 1894 he accompanied his family to Salt Lake City, joining the Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company, rising rapidly from bookkeeper to company treasurer, he was promoted in 1901 to general manager of the company, which had been reorganized as the Consolidated Mercur Gold Mines Company. Dern was co-inventor of the Holt-Dern roaster, a furnace for carrying out the Holt-Christenson roasting process, Mercur Gold Mining and Milling shut down in 1913, however Dern’s experience and passion for mining would be reflected later on in his political career. On June 7,1899, in Fremont, Dodge County, Nebraska, he married Charlotte Lottie Brown and had six living children altogether, margaret, Elizabeth, and James G. all were married up until the time of his death in 1936. Lottie died on September 5,1952 in Chicago, and is buried in Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Dern entered politics in 1914, running on a Democratic and Progressive fusion ticket in a Utah state senate district encompassing Salt Lake County. He was elected in 1914, serving until 1923 in the state senate and his tenure there was marked by strong advocacy of progressive legislation, including a landmark mineral leasing act that leased, rather than sold, Utahs mineral rights to private concerns. Challenging incumbent Republican governor Charles R. Mabey, Dern ran on the catchy slogan We want a Dern good governor, at the time, Utah was extremely Republican oriented. This was largely due to the concentration of Mormons, typically having conservative republican viewpoints. Dern obviously had a knack for reaching across party lines. Dern’s ability in this area can be attributed to his outgoing, open-minded, arguing that the general property tax was unfair as the sole source of state revenue, Dern secured the adoption of a state income tax and a corporate franchise tax against strong opposition. He also took a role in resolving important interstate problems related to the building of the Boulder Dam on the Colorado River. This controversy brought him into conflict with U. S. secretary of commerce Herbert Hoover
43.
Henry H. Blood
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Henry Hooper Blood was a prominent businessman and the seventh Governor of the state of Utah. Henry was born to William Hooper Blood, a farmer and city councilman and he went to local schools and attended Brigham Young Academy at Provo, which later turned into a university. In 1896 he married his sweetheart, Minnie Barnes, and together they had four children. Blood was elected Recorder of Kaysville in 1893, and became the Davis County Treasurer from 1896 to 1900. After that in 1901, he was made Minute Clerk of Utah State Senate and he became involved in Kaysville Milling Company as a manager. Also he got engaged in the buying and selling of grains, a few years later Kaysville Milling company joined Layton Milling Company and Elevator Company. Soon after the two combined, Blood became president of the company, in 1932, Blood ran for governor after being nominated by the Democrats. He defeated his Republican opponent, William W. Seegmiller and took his place as the governor of the State of Utah Blood was known for putting his state on a “pay as you go” basis. He has been compared to Calvin Coolidge because of his commitment to the economy and he served two terms starting in 1933 and ending in 1941. He won his second term in 1936 against Herbert B, maw, a liberal Democrat, Ray E. Dillman, a Republican, and Ogden Mayor Harman, an independent progressive. His time in office was during a hard time for the United States because of the depression. The depression hit Utah pretty hard leaving it struggling as one of the top states for citizen’s relief, the situation got even worse in 1934 when Utah had its worst recorded drought in history. Utahns were left without food, clothing, shelter, and employment, hundreds of letters from Utahns were sent into Governor Bloods office every day. By instituting new programs, decreasing the wages of state employees, in addition he supported and followed President Roosevelts New Deal. Programs such as Public Works Administration, Home Owners Loan Association, the results of these programs were public buildings and irrigation which provided both relief and employment. While Blood was governor Utah became the state to ratify the twenty-first amendment ending Prohibition. He was the first governor to occupy the governor’s mansion donated by the Kearns family to the state in 1937, in 1939 he vetoed the proposals for junior colleges in Richfield and Roosevelt, as well as low-income housing while cautioning about the expense. Also he worked to improve Utah’s horrible highway safety record, Blood accepted a call to serve as a mission president in California for the LDS Church in January 1941
44.
Herbert B. Maw
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Herbert Brown Maw was an American politician and the eighth Governor of Utah. He served as governor from 1941 to 1949 and he was a Democrat and was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Maw was born in Ogden in the Utah Territory, when he was seven his family moved to Salt Lake City. He studied at LDS High School as a youth, Maw received his LLB and BS from the University of Utah, an MA from Northwestern University in 1926 and a JD also from Northwestern in 1927. Maw was trained as a pilot by the Aviation Corps during World War I at Kelley Air Base in Texas. Before he was deployed in this service he was made an LDS Chaplain with the rank of First Lieutenant and assigned to work with the 89th Division at Camp Funston, Kansas. He was then sent to Europe and after the end of the war served in the Army of Occupation in Germany, Maw was one of only three LDS chaplains in the US military during World War I. Maw taught at LDS Business College from 1916 to 1917 and from 1919 to 1923 and he was a professor of speech at the University of Utah from 1927 until 1940. Maw served as Dean of Men at the University of Utah from 1928 until 1936, Maw was influential on the development of the University of Utah and its future course. Maw was elected to the Utah State Senate in 1928 where he served until 1938, Maw served as the President of the Utah State Senate from 1934 until 1938. He was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the US Senate in 1934. His loss was partly a result of his support of measures to help workers. Maws winning the Democratic nomination in 1940 was largely the result of his push for direct primaries. Maw was first elected governor of Utah in 1940, defeating Republican Don B. Colton, while serving as governor Maw pushed through reductions in the utility rates and regulations on ore extraction in the state. In 1944 Maw was narrowly re-elected over Republican J. Bracken Lee in the closest gubernatorial election in Utah history, in 1948 Maw lost to Lee in a re-match. In this election Maw was a clear and consistent opponent of liberalizing Utahs drinking laws, Maw held many positions in the LDS Church. He was a Sunday School teacher in both Salt Lake City and Chicago and he also taught in the Young Mens Mutual Improvement Association and was a ward and stake leader of that organization. In 1928 and 1929, he was the Superintendent of the Liberty Stake Sunday School, from 1928 to 1935, Maw was a member of the general board of the YMMIA
