1.
Public university
–
A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
2.
Philippines
–
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
3.
Philippine Normal University
–
The Philippine Normal University is a public research university in Manila, Philippines established during the early days of American colonial rule. 9647, it is now funded and operated as a National Center for Teacher Education in the country, the Philippine Normal University was originally established as the Philippine Normal School by virtue Act No.74 of the Philippine Commission. Enacted on 21 January 1901, Act No.74 mandated for the establishment of a normal, the Philippine Normal School formally opened on 1 September 1901, as an institution for the training of teachers. For more than two decades, PNS offered a general secondary education program. It was only in 1928 when it became a college offering a two-year program to graduates of secondary schools. When PNS was converted into the Philippine Normal College in 1949 through Republic Act No,416, also known as the PNC Charter, the four-year Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education program was introduced. In 1953, the Graduate School was established, equipped with a legal mandate, PNC included the Master of Arts in Education curriculum in the academic program. However, the organization of a full-fledged Graduate School came five years later and it was only in 1970 when the Bachelor of Science in Education curriculum, offering major and minor subjects, was introduced. The passage of Republic Act No.6515 in July 1972, curriculum development, revision, adaptation played an important role in ensuring high scholastic standards for the institution. As it gained its foothold in teacher education, PNC established branches in Agusan del Sur, Isabela, the school was elevated to university status on 26 December 1991, under Republic Act No.7168. A fourth campus was born in Quezon province and it continues to serve as collaborative partner in various government and private-sector educational projects. On 1 September 2001, the university celebrated its founding anniversary. In 2008, it was declared the countrys National Center for Teacher Education by virtue of Republic Act No.9647, dr. Fe Hidalgo, an alumnus and former Department of Education undersecretary, served as Officer-in-Charge of the University until 31 December that year. Ogena, a director from the Department of Science and Technology was elected and appointed by the Universitys Board of Regents as the 10th University President and she assumed office on 1 January 2011. The Manila Campus is the flagship and oldest campus of the university, in 1909, American architect William E. Parsons was tasked by the Philippine Commission to draw up design for various schools to be established in the Philippines. In 1911, he designed the Philippine Normal School, which was completed in 1914 and it was designed using the California Mission style to juxtapose with the capiz window panes and ornately grilled ventanillas, was erected at the corner of Taft Avenue and Ayala Boulevard. The construction, then budgeted at P374,000, was made of reinforced concrete, the exterior was relieved by panels of glazed polychromatic glazed tiles set in concrete. The PNU North Luzon is the regional hub of the University based in Cagayan Valley in the flourishing municipality of Alicia
4.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
–
The Polytechnic University of the Philippines is a coeducational, research state university located in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on October 19,1904 as the Manila Business School, PUP Manila has 48,213 students enrolled. PUPs sports team represents the whole PUP System in every athletic conference, the athletic team is known as the Mighty Maroons and plays in the National Capital Region Conference of the State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association. The team also plays in the National Athletic Association of Schools and its official volleyball team, the PUP Lady Radicals, plays in the Shakeys V-League. PUP traces its roots from the Manila Business School which was founded by the Civil Government of the Philippines and was established on October 19,1904 and it is also referred to as the Manila School of Commerce. The school was delegated to create businessmen and businesswomen for government service and it was a part of the city school system of Manila which was under the superintendence of Gabriel A. O’Reilly. It held its first classes at a small building in No.38 Gunao Street corner Arlegui in Quiapo. The influx of students from different provinces elevated the status as an Insular school and was renamed as Philippine School of Commerce in 1908. Its faculty was composed of Filipino and American teachers, for administrative purposes, the school was placed under the administration of the Superintendent of City Schools but kept its status as a national school. In 1933, the school was merged with the Philippine Normal School, during the merger that lasted 12 years, PSC was administered by the PNS Superintendent and its students who completed their courses were considered graduates of Philippine Normal School. The existence of the Philippine School of Commerce caught the attention of President Manuel L. Quezon, in his graduation address on March 26,1940 at the Rizal Memorial Stadium, he promised a new building for the school where its graduates can be recognized. Two years later, Congressman Manuel A. Alazarte together with the Department Head of the Philippine School of Commerce Luis F. Reyes, formulated a bill to this effect and present it to the Congress. Unfortunately, the plan was not carried out because of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines that occurred between 1942 and 1945 during World War II, shortly after Philippine liberation, Superintendent Luis F. Reyes resumed the task for the re-establishment and rehabilitation of the school. The Bureau of Public Works released more than ₱8,000 for the repairs, the ruins of the Normal Hall was reconstructed and the college resumed its classes there on August 4,1946. By August 4,1947 the school transferred to its new Lepanto campus, the Philippine School of Commerce was elevated into a college and was renamed as the Philippine College of Commerce in 1952 by virtue of Republic Act 778. Superintendent Luis F. Reyes became the President of the college and it broadened its course offerings and the Annex Building, which had formerly housed the Congress of the Philippines, was turned over to the college. The Business Writers Association of the Philippines awarded the college the title of Business College of the Year” in 1955, in 1962, Dr. Nemesio E. Prudente was appointed as President. He implemented numerous initiatives that greatly benefits the students such as student loans, three years later, President Diosdado Macapagal proclaimed that the Pandacan site of the Bureau of Animal Industry to be reserved for the exclusive use of the college
5.
Technological University of the Philippines
–
The Technological University of the Philippines is a coeducational state university located in Manila, Philippines. It is the flagship of technology education in the Philippines, the Technological University of the Philippines was established upon the enactment of Organic Act No.74 by the Philippine Commission in 1901. TUP was known then as the Manila Trade School with the intention of developing the dignity of labor. In 1910, Manila Trade School was renamed as the Philippine School of Arts, pursuant to Republic Act 2237 issued on July 17,1959, Philippine School of Arts and Trades was given the college status and was renamed the Philippine College of Arts and Trades. From 1959 to 1978, PCAT pioneered programs in engineering technology, by virtue of Presidential Decree No.1518 issued on July 11,1978, Philippine College of Arts and Trades was converted into the Technological University of the Philippines. Today, the TUP Community is proud of the performance of its students locally, TUP students have created niche in the grounds of engineering, engineering technology, industrial education, science, architecture and fine arts. As an institution of learning, TUP is a recipient of national and international awards. This was certified by the Department of Trade and Industry, Center for Industrial Competitiveness - National Industrial Manpower Training Council. In the same year, the University was awarded as a Center of Development by the Commission on Higher Education in Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, moreover, the Association of Overseas Technical Scholarship based in Japan awarded TUP as a Center of Excellence. Presently, TUP is a system of four campuses, the main campus of the University is located in Manila. The three satellite campuses are in Taguig, Cavite, and Visayas, in addition to the four campuses, TUP maintains the Integrated Research and Training Center located in the main campus. The Center was established by the Japan International Cooperation Agency through a Technical Cooperation in 1982, the University aims to sustain its leadership in technology education. In order to maintain the relevance and competitiveness of the Universitys academic programs, the College of Engineering is a recipient of Center of Development status from the Commission on Higher Education. The College produces total quality engineers, graduate professionals and valuable technology researches for industry, in 1978, the then Philippine College of Arts and Trades was converted into the Technological University of the Philippines. Simultaneously, the College of Industrial Technology arose from the departments of the former Technical Department, today, the CIT is the center of the industrial technology education of the University. The roots of the College of Industrial Education can be traced in 1929 when the first formal two-year Industrial Teacher Education was offered at the then Philippine School of Arts, at present, the college serves as the foundation of teacher education in the University. The BS in Industrial Education program at CIE has been offered since 1951 as a teacher education for elementary and secondary levels. The roots of the College of Architecture and Fine Arts can be traced from the drawing subjects required in all courses offered by the University since 1907, the college has been a consistent contributor in the Universitys achievements and recognition in various art competitions both local and abroad
6.
University of the Philippines Diliman
–
The University of the Philippines Diliman is a coeducational, research state university located in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. It was established on February 12,1949 as the campus and seat of administration of the University of the Philippines System. UP Diliman is the fourth oldest constituent university of UP, the outbreak of World War II hampered the development of the area. The transfer of the Oblation from Manila to Diliman marked the establishment on February 12,1949. Between the 1970s and 1980s, UP Diliman was the site of student activism. It was during times that student demonstrations and opposition against Marcos administration became heavy. This was one of the precursors to Marcos declaration of martial law in 1972, UP Diliman was formally established as a constituent university on April 23,1985 at the 976th Meeting of the U. P. It is the largest constituent university in the University of the Philippines System in terms of number of degree-granting academic units, student population, faculty, there are 27 degree-granting units on campus, accounting for 22,031 students of which,15,299 are undergraduates. UP Diliman had a complement of 1,526 full-time faculty in 2012, UP Diliman offers academic programs in 247 major fields. There were 70 programs at the level,109 at the master’s level and 68 at the doctoral level. The library resources of UP Diliman are the largest in the country, the total book and non-book collections number 1,170,723 volumes, which include books, pamphlets, bound periodicals, theses, dissertations, microforms and various multimedia titles. The serial collection totals 60,450 divided into 26,679 print titles and 33,771 unique titles in online journals and this collection has steadily grown through acquisitions and generous donations. The Commission on Higher Education declared nine U. P. D. units as Centers of Excellence as of 2009, the UP Diliman campus is also the site of the countrys National Science Complex. The university represents the UP System in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines and its athletic teams, collectively called the Fighting Maroons, competes in various athletic competitions while its cheerdance group, the U. P. Pep Squad, represents the university in its annual UAAP Cheerdance Competition, the population of students continued to rise in succeeding years, reaching to 7,849 in 1928 from the initial 67 when the university was established in 1908. The need became apparent for UP to create buildings and academic units. In 1939, the Board of Regents acquired a 493-hectare land in the Diliman District of the newly established Quezon City, construction began on the area on the same year. The development of the area was stalled by World War II
7.
University of the City of Manila
–
It was established on June 19,1965 and opened on July 17,1967 to 556 scholars, all coming from the top ten percent of graduates of Manilas public high schools. Based on a study using data from 1999 to 2003 showed that during the said period PLM was among the top five schools nationwide in terms of board exam passing rate. In the same study, it was one among three universities in the top ten category. As a chartered and autonomous university, PLM is governed by a Board of Regents, each member serves a six-year tenure of office. The president oversees the implementation of the university policies and these academic units collectively provide 53 single-degree undergraduate and 49 masters, doctoral, and graduate diploma programs. PLM is the tenth largest university in Metro Manila with a student enrollment of 13,711. For the undergraduate class of 2006-2007, PLM received 40,000 college applications, as for the professional and graduate schools, no specific residency requirements are imposed. Full scholarship is entitled for Manila residents, while fees are charged for non-residents. Other scholarships are available in the university, with funding coming from donations, the government. PLMs endowment in 2008 was valued at PhP500 million, excluding budgetary allocation for its teaching hospital, the Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center. The University spends about four to fives times the average for education. PLM uses a modular system for conducting courses, adopts features of the American credit system, and employs the General Weighted Average system. Students in the College of Nursing render service to 44 city-run health centers as part of their community health nursing internship, senior students live with people in the rural areas for eight weeks and implement several socio-civic and health projects. Although they are not required of service contracts, they are encouraged to render service to the country first before going abroad, physical therapy students in their last year in college are required to apply their learnings in various settings, including rehabilitation centers in marginalized communities. Similar activities are undertaken by the colleges that take on different approaches as in holding outreach programs in their work, off-campus activities. In 2009, PLM launched the Alternative Learning Program, which aims to provide an alternative to formal instruction. The PLM communities have joined the Caritas Manila through Intramuros Consortium Outreach. In 1993, together with Tugon-RESCUE, the universitys Community University Extension Services continued with its programs for the slum communities of Tondo
8.
Ateneo de Manila University
–
The Ateneo de Manila University is a private research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Founded in 1859 by the Society of Jesus, the Ateneo is the third-oldest university in the Philippines, Ateneo offers elementary and secondary education exclusively to male students. The undergraduate and graduate programmes are coeducational and organized into four schools, collectively known as the Loyola Schools, four professional schools occupy campuses in different parts of Metro Manila. Ateneo undergraduates follow a Catholic-rooted liberal arts curriculum throughout their programs in the Humanities, Social Sciences, Science and Engineering, the Loyola Heights campus also hosts two chemistry research centers, Philippine Institute of Pure and Applied Chemistry and National Chemistry Instrumentation Center. The Ateneo offers programmes at the elementary, secondary, undergraduate, as is common in the Philippines, the primary medium of instruction is English, with a few classes taught in Filipino. Aside from teaching and research, the Ateneo de Manila also engages in social outreach, known for its liberal arts tradition, the humanities are a key feature of Ateneo education at all levels of study. In 2015, QS Top Universities placed the undergraduate programmes 461st in the world. The Ateneo Professional Schools is the professional education division of Ateneo de Manila. The Ateneo Graduate School of Business offers a variety of Master of Business Administration concentrations, the Ateneo Law School confers the Juris Doctor and Master of Laws degrees. The Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, opened in 2007, offers an integrated Doctor of Medicine, the Ateneo School of Government confers the Master in Public Management and Ph. D. in Leadership Studies degrees. The professional schools also confer certificates for short courses and it confers the Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Fine Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Science, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. It is composed of four schools, the School of Humanities, the John Gokongwei School of Management, the School of Science and Engineering, a key feature of the Loyola Schools is a liberal arts undergraduate core curriculum, required for all undergraduates. It includes philosophy, English and Filipino literature, theology, history, various branches of sciences. Ateneo follows the semester hour system common in American universities, most classes are held below 40 students and student discussion is encouraged. The Loyola Schools programmes are geared toward student-centreedness, the Ateneo was one of the first schools in the Philippines to enact a Magna Carta for Undergraduates. The Commission on Higher Education has designated several departments and programmes of the Loyola Schools as centres of excellence, Ateneo has Centers of Excellence in, Business Administration, Chemistry, English, Entrepreneurship, Information Technology, Literature, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology and Sociology. It has Centers of Development in Biology, Environmental Science and Filipino, the Ateneo de Manila High School is a Catholic preparatory school for male students. In 2003 the high school opened a Center for Math, Science and Technology containing science and computer labs, classrooms for the math and science classes
9.
De La Salle University
–
De La Salle University is a Roman Catholic, Lasallian research university in Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Philippines. It was founded in 1911 by De La Salle Brothers as the De La Salle College in Paco, the educational institution moved on September 1921 to its present location to facilitate the increase in enrollment. The university started as an elementary and high school. It started offering in 1920 a two-year Associate in Arts in Commerce programme, the university, currently under the administration of President Raymundo Suplido FSC, is a member of several international university associations as well as local organizations. DLSU is identified by the Philippine Commission on Higher Education as a Center of Excellence in six of its programmes, the university is also among the 40 institutions granted autonomous status by CHED as of 2010. Likewise, it is the first of the two institutions granted the highest-level accreditation by the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities. The university ranks 151-160th and 601-650th in the 2013 Asian University Rankings and 2013 World University Rankings, respectively, Research is mainly funded by the De La Salle University Science Foundation. Since 2000, DLSU has been the CHED Zonal Research Center for 10 cities in southern Metro Manila, as such, it evaluates research proposals for recommendation for CHED funding, monitors CHED-funded research papers, among others. DLSU research has focused on affective computing and renewable energy, DLSU has three official student publications, including the Ang Pahayagang Plaridel, The LaSallian and Green & White, the university yearbook publication. The De La Salle University Chorale has won awards from different international choir competitions, including the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod. DLSU traces its founding to Manila Archbishop Jeremiah James Harty and his request would be later endorsed in 1907 by Pope Pius X. An envoy of Lasallian Brothers arrived in 1910, together with Harty, the Brothers searched for a suitable campus. A13,000 m2 property in Paco, Manila was purchased for this purpose, De La Salle College was established as an elementary school and high school for boys on June 16,1911 by the three Lasallian Brothers who arrived in Manila in March 1911. Classes started on the day with 125 students. This number would reach 175 by July 10, on February 12,1912, the college was incorporated under the sole ownership of the college director, who was then Eilenbecker. The college was permitted to confer commercial high school diplomas in the same year, meanwhile, it received a charter from the Governor-General of the Philippines, allowing the college to confer associate degrees in commerce. It started offering the degree as a program in 1920. The college already had 425 students by 1921, due to the lack of space in the Paco campus, and the growing population of its student and faculty, the college moved to its present location in Malate, Manila on February 12
