1.
Palo Alto, California
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Palo Alto is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley and it is named after a coast redwood tree called El Palo Alto. Palo Alto was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son and it has also served as an incubator to several other high-technology companies such as Google, Facebook, Logitech, Intuit, Pinterest, and PayPal. As of the 2010 census, the total resident population is 64,403. Palo Alto is one of the most expensive cities in the United States, the recorded history of Palo Alto dates back to 1769, when Gaspar de Portolá noted an Ohlone settlement. This remains an area of known Indian mounds, a plaque at Middlefield Road and Embarcadero Road commemorates the area. The city got its name from a tall coast redwood tree, named El Palo Alto, a plaque there recounts the story of the Portolà expedition, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey from November 7–11,1769. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, they ascended Sweeney Ridge, thinking the bay was too wide to cross, the group retraced their journey to Monterey, never becoming aware of the Golden Gate entrance to the Bay. Located south of the San Francisquito Creek, west of todays I-280, in 1835, Rafael Soto and family settled near the San Francisquito Creek near Newell and Middlefield, selling goods to travelers. Rafael Soto died in 1839, but his wife, Maria Antonia Mesa, was granted Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito in 1841, in 1839, their daughter María Luisa Soto married John Coppinger, who was the grantee of Rancho Cañada de Raymundo. Rancho Cañada de Raymundo was West of San Francisquito Creek, and began at Alambique Creek, the border of Rancho Corte de Madera. Bear Gulch Creek flowed on his land in Portola Valley, the rancho also abutted Buelnas grant near Skyline Boulevard and Matadero Creek. Upon Coppingers death, Maria inherited it and later married a visiting boat captain, Greer owned a home on the site that is now Town & Country Village on Embarcadero and El Camino Real. Greer Avenue and Court are named for him, to the west of Rafael Soto, near El Camino and following the Creek, was Rancho San Francisquito granted in 1839 to Antonio Buelna and wife Maria Concepcion. To the south of the Sotos, the brothers Secundino and Teodoro Robles in 1849 bought Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from José Peña, where the Joness house was, then east down Arastradero Rd. to the north property line of Alta Mesa Memorial Park and Terman Park. The property then went along the bay to the Embarcadero, a boundary in the day, then up to the Stanford University gates, up Galvez. The grant was bounded on the south by Mariano Castros Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas grant across San Antonio Road, thats the Robles Rancho, about 80% of Palo Alto and Stanford University. It was whittled down by 1863 through courts to 6,981 acres, stories say their grand hacienda was built on the former meager adobe of José Peña near Ferne off San Antonio Road, midway between Middlefield and Alma Street
Palo Alto, California
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Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California
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University Avenue at the Circle with train steaming toward El Palo Alto, 1894
Palo Alto, California
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Guinda Street in Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California
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Fog from the Pacific rolling over the Foothills
2.
Sequim, Washington
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Sequim /ˈskwɪm/ is a city in Clallam County, Washington, United States. As of the 2010 census counted a population of 6,606, Sequim is located along the Dungeness River near the base of the Olympic Mountains. The city has been increasing in population dramatically in recent years due to the influx of retirees from the Puget Sound region, yet the city is fairly close to some of the wettest temperate rainforests of the contiguous United States. This climate anomaly is sometimes called the hole of Sequim. Fogs and cool breezes from the Juan de Fuca Strait make Sequims environment more humid than would be expected from the low annual precipitation. Some places have surprisingly luxuriant forests dominated by Douglas-fir and western red cedar, black cottonwood, red alder, bigleaf maple, Pacific madrone, lodgepole pine, and Garry oak can also be large. Most soils under Sequim have been placed in a series which is named after the city, the area is also known for its Dungeness crab. Sequim is pronounced as one syllable, with the e elided, the name evolved from the Klallam language. The local news publications consist of the community news paper Sequim Gazette, also, the Sequim Radio station, KSQM91.5. Sequims sister city is Shiso, Hyōgo, Japan, Sequim and Shiso have an exchange student program set up through Sequim High School and Sequim Middle School. According to Michael R. Waters, an archaeologist at Texas A&M University, the SKlallam tribe had inhabited the region prior to the arrival of the first Europeans. The band of SKlallam Indians disbanded into their own individual federally recognized tribes in the early 1900s, the local Tribe is the Jamestown SKlallam Tribe named after one of their early leaders, Lord James Balch. According to other tales the town Sequim in SKlallam means a place for going to shoot which represents the abundance of game, both Manuel Quimper and George Vancouver explored the regions coast in the 1790s. The first European settlers arrived in the Dungeness Valley in the 1850s, settling nearby Dungeness, while the lands along the river became fertile farmlands, the remainder of the area remained arid prairie, known as the desert. Irrigation canals first brought water to the prairie in the 1890s, Sequim was officially incorporated on October 31,1913. For many decades small farms, mostly farms, dotted the area around the small town. Sequim has held its Irrigation Festival every May since 1895, as of 2016, it is the longest continuously running festival in the state and is in its 121st year. Sequim is home to a herd of Roosevelt elk, one attraction to the area, the herd occasionally crosses US101 just to the southeast of the town
Sequim, Washington
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Sequim, Washington
Sequim, Washington
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A lavender farm in Sequim, Washington
Sequim, Washington
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Drawing of a mastodon skeleton by
Rembrandt Peale
3.
Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
Stanford University
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Leland Stanford, the university's founder, as painted by
Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier in 1881 and now on display at the
Cantor Center
Stanford University
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Seal of Stanford University
Stanford University
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Statue of the Stanford family, by
Larkin G. Mead (1899)
Stanford University
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The ruins of the unfinished Stanford Library after the
1906 San Francisco earthquake
4.
University of California, Berkeley
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The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
University of California, Berkeley
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View, from Memorial Glade, of Sather Tower (The Campanile), the center of UC Berkeley. The ring of its bells and clock can be heard from all over campus.
University of California, Berkeley
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Seal of the University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
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UC Berkeley Students participate in a one-day Peace Strike opposing U.S. involvement in World War II. April 19, 1940
University of California, Berkeley
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Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and
Mount Tamalpais.
5.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
The Walt Disney Company
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The
Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).
The Walt Disney Company
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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926
The Walt Disney Company
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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).
The Walt Disney Company
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The original Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios.
6.
Animation
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Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon, animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation. To display animation, a camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures, Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24,25,30, or 60 frames per second. Computer animation processes generating animated images with the general term computer-generated imagery, 3D animation uses computer graphics, while 2D animation is used for stylistic, low bandwidth and faster real-time renderings. An earthen goblet discovered at the site of the 5, 200-year-old Shahr-e Sūkhté in southeastern Iran, the artifact bears five sequential images depicting a Persian Desert Ibex jumping up to eat the leaves of a tree. They may, of course, refer to Chinese shadow puppets, in the 19th century, the phenakistoscope, zoetrope and praxinoscope were introduced. A thaumatrope is a toy with a small disk with different pictures on each side. The phenakistoscope was invented simultaneously by Belgian Joseph Plateau and Austrian Simon von Stampfer in 1831, the phenakistoscope consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radi evenly space around the center of the disk. John Barnes Linnett patented the first flip book in 1868 as the kineograph, the first animated projection was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, on 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, they were drawn directly onto the transparent strip, in 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings. Stuart Blackton, who, because of that, is considered the father of American animation, in Europe, the French artist, Émile Cohl, created the first animated film using what came to be known as traditional animation creation methods - the 1908 Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects. There were also sections of live action in which the hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, the author of the first puppet-animated film was the Russian-born director Wladyslaw Starewicz, known as Ladislas Starevich
Animation
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A
phenakistoscope disc by
Eadweard Muybridge (1893)
Animation
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The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these six frames.
Animation
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A clay animation scene from a
Finnish television commercial
Animation
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Toy Story zoetrope at
Disney California Adventure creates illusion of motion using figures, rather than static pictures.
7.
National Medal of Arts
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The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984, for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts. A prestigious American honor, it is the highest honor given for achievement in the arts conferred to an individual artist on behalf of the people. Honorees are selected by the National Endowment for the Arts, the medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor Robert Graham. In 1989, composer and conductor, Leonard Bernstein refused his award, in 1997, poet Adrienne Rich refused her award as a protest against “inconsistencies” between art and “the cynical politics” of the Clinton White House administration. National Medal of Science National Medal of Technology and Innovation National Endowment for the Arts
National Medal of Arts
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National Medal of Arts
National Medal of Arts
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2005 National Medal of Arts awardees
8.
List of assets owned by Disney
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Here is a list of assets owned by The Walt Disney Company, which is the worlds second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast. The following are wholly owned and operated by Disney, unless otherwise indicated, falferious Music Five Hundred South Songs Fuzzy Muppet Songs Holpic Music, Inc. Hollywood Pictures Music Mad Muppet Melodies Marvel Comics Music Pixar Music Pixar Talking Pictures Seven Peaks Music Seven Summits Music Touchstone Pictures Music & Songs, New Amsterdam Theatre New Amsterdam Theatrical Productions, Inc. Walt Disney Imagineering Research & Development, Inc. com website Disneyland, Disneyland,1955 Club 33 Disney California Adventure,2001 Downtown Disney Resorts, Disneyland Hotel, WCO Hotels, Inc. Located in Marne-la-Vallée, France Euro Disney Investments, Inc, 100% Disney owned—manages Euro Disney S. C. A. EDL Holding Co.99. 9% owned by Disney — holds 82% ownership of Euro Disney S. C. A, sole general partner of Euro Disney S. C. A. 2% owned by shareholders, directly owns 82% of Euro Disney Associés Euro Disney Commandité S. A. S. A general partner of Euro Disney Associés Euro Disney Associés S. C. A, 100% Disney owned and owns 17% of Euro Disneyland Park S. N. C. Disney–ABC Television Group American Broadcasting Companies, Inc, ABC Media Productions - formerly Buena Vista Productions Freeform ABC Spark IP ABC Family Digital ProdCo, Inc. ABC Family production company BVS Entertainment, formerly Saban Entertainment Saban / Fox Kids library, dePatie-Freleng Enterprises / Marvel Productions, Ltd library. Ltd. is a venture by ESPN International and Bell Canadas Bell Media division. Any percentages below refer to the portion of each channel owned by CTV Specialty, Discovery Channel Canada RDS Info Animal Planet Canada Discovery Science Canada Discovery Velocity ESPN Classic Canada Réseau des sports RDS2 TSN1 TSN2 TSN3 TSN4 TSN5 Cover Concepts, Inc. Marvel Television division Marvel Animation Marvel Animation Studios SH DTV Partners Squad Productions LLC Green Guy Toons LLC MVL Iron Works Productions Canada, Marvel Entertainment International Limited Marvel Internet Productions LLC Marvel Property, Inc. Marvel Toys Limited MVL Development LLC Marvel International Character Holdings LLC MRV, Marvel Characters B. V. Marvel Worldwide, Inc. Dlife channel UTV Software Communications UTV Communications LLC IG Interactive Entertainment Ltd, first Future Agri & Developers Ltd. UTV Motion Pictures PLC UTV Toons UTV New Media Ltd Indiagames Ltd groups stepdown subsidiaries UTV Ignition Entertainment Ltd, true Games Interactive Genx Entertainment Ltd. Entertainment, 10% of the shares of stock Reedy Creek Energy Services BVCC. Buena Vista Street, Burbank CA Pine Woods Properties, Inc. Holmes Houses, BVHV Services Before & After Productions, Inc
List of assets owned by Disney
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Contents
9.
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Italian childrens novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It was the animated feature film produced by Disney, made after the success of Snow White. The plot of the film involves an old wood-carver named Geppetto who carves a puppet named Pinocchio. The puppet is brought to life by a fairy, who informs him that he can become a real boy if he proves himself to be brave, truthful. Pinocchios efforts to become a real boy involve encounters with a host of unsavory characters, the film was adapted by Aurelius Battaglia, William Cottrell, Otto Englander, Erdman Penner, Joseph Sabo, Ted Sears, and Webb Smith from Collodis book. The production was supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the sequences were directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney. Pinocchio was an achievement in the area of effects animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles, machinery and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows. The film was released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 7,1940, critical analysis of Pinocchio identifies it as a simple morality tale that teaches children of the benefits of hard work and middle-class values. It eventually made a profit in its 1945 reissue, and is considered one of the greatest animated films ever made, the film and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring at various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry for being deemed culturally, historically, Jiminy Cricket explains that he is going to tell a story of a wish coming true. His story begins in the workshop of a woodworker named Geppetto, Jiminy watches as Geppetto finishes work on a wooden marionette whom he names Pinocchio. Before falling asleep, Geppetto makes a wish on a star that Pinocchio be a real boy, during the night, a Blue Fairy visits the workshop and brings Pinocchio to life, although he still remains a puppet. She informs him if he proves himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, he will become a real boy. Geppetto discovers that his wish has come true, and is filled with joy. However, on his way to school, Pinocchio is led astray by Honest John the Fox and his companion, Gideon the Cat, Pinocchio becomes Strombolis star attraction as a marionette who can sing and dance without strings. However, when Pinocchio wants to go home for the night, Jiminy arrives to see Pinocchio, and is unable to free him. The Blue Fairy appears, and asks Pinocchio why he was not at school, Jiminy urges Pinocchio to tell the truth, but instead he starts telling lies, which causes his nose to grow longer and longer. Pinocchio vows to be good from now on, and the Blue Fairy returns his nose to its form and sets him free
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Ollie Johnston
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Frank Thomas
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Dickie Jones (right) voices Pinocchio in the film.
10.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length cel animated feature film and the earliest Disney animated feature film. The story was adapted by storyboard artists Dorothy Ann Blank, Richard Creedon, Merrill De Maris, Otto Englander, Earl Hurd, Dick Rickard, Ted Sears and Webb Smith. David Hand was the director, while William Cottrell, Wilfred Jackson, Larry Morey, Perce Pearce. Snow White premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre on December 21,1937 and it was a critical and commercial success, and with international earnings of $8 million during its initial release briefly assumed the record of highest-grossing sound film at the time. The popularity of the film has led to it being re-released theatrically many times, adjusted for inflation, it is one of the top ten performers at the North American box office. At the 11th Academy Awards, Walt Disney was awarded an honorary Oscar, Disneys take on the fairy tale has had a significant cultural impact, resulting in popular theme park attractions, a video game, and a Broadway musical. Snow White is a princess living with her stepmother, a vain. The Queen fears that Snow Whites beauty surpasses her own, so she forces Snow White to work as a scullery maid, for several years the mirror always answered that the Queen was, pleasing her. One day, the Magic Mirror informs the Queen that Snow White is now the fairest in the land, the jealous Queen orders her Huntsman to take Snow White into the forest and kill her. She further demands that the return with Snow Whites heart in a jeweled box as proof of the deed. However, the Huntsman cannot bring himself to kill Snow White and he tearfully begs for her forgiveness, revealing the Queen wants her dead and urges her to flee into the woods and never look back. Lost and frightened, the princess is befriended by woodland creatures who lead her to a deep in the woods. Finding seven small chairs in the dining room, Snow White assumes the cottage is the untidy home of seven orphaned children. In reality, the cottage belongs to seven adult dwarfs, named Doc, Grumpy, Happy, Sleepy, Bashful, Sneezy, and Dopey, returning home, they are alarmed to find their cottage clean and suspect that an intruder has invaded their home. The dwarfs find Snow White upstairs, asleep across three of their beds, Snow White awakes to find the dwarfs at her bedside and introduces herself, and all of the dwarfs eventually welcome her into their home after they learn she can cook and clean beautifully. Snow White keeps house for the dwarfs while they mine for jewels during the day, the Queen goes to the cottage while the dwarfs are away, but the animals are wary of her and rush off to find the dwarfs. Faking a potential attack, the Queen tricks Snow White bringing her into the cottage to rest
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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Walt Disney introduces each of the Seven Dwarfs in a scene from the original 1937 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theatrical trailer.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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The famous "
Heigh-Ho " sequence from Snow White was animated by
Shamus Culhane.
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)
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Disneyland entertainers dressed as Snow White and the
Evil Queen with a visitor in 2012.
11.
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen, the film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra. Music critic and composer Deems Taylor acts as the films Master of Ceremonies, as production costs grew higher than what it could earn, Disney decided to include the short in a feature-length film with other segments set to classical pieces. Fantasia was first released in theatrical roadshow engagements held in thirteen U. S. cities from November 13,1940, the film was subsequently reissued multiple times with its original footage and audio being deleted, modified, or restored in each version. As of 2012, Fantasia has grossed $76.4 million in revenue and is the 22nd highest-grossing film of all time in the U. S. when adjusted for inflation. Fantasia, as a franchise, has grown to include games, Disneyland attractions, a live concert. Fantasia opens with live action scenes of members of an orchestra gathering against a background and tuning their instruments in half-light. Master of ceremonies Deems Taylor enters the stage and introduces the program, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Johann Sebastian Bach. Live-action shots of the orchestra illuminated in blue and gold, backed by superimposed shadows, animated lines, shapes and cloud formations reflect the sound and rhythms of the music. Nutcracker Suite by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, selections from the ballet suite underscore scenes depicting the changing of the seasons from summer to autumn to winter. The Sorcerers Apprentice by Paul Dukas, based on Goethes 1797 poem Der Zauberlehrling. Mickey Mouse, the apprentice of the sorcerer Yen Sid, attempts some of his masters magic tricks. Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky, a visual history of the Earths beginnings is depicted to selected sections of the ballet score. The sequence progresses from the formation to the first living creatures, followed by the reign. Intermission/Meet the Soundtrack, The orchestra musicians depart and the Fantasia title card is revealed, after the intermission there is a brief jam session of jazz music led by a clarinettist as the orchestra members return. Then a humorously stylized demonstration of how sound is rendered on film is shown, an animated sound track character, initially a straight white line, changes into different shapes and colors based on the sounds played. The Pastoral Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, a mythical Greco-Roman world of colorful centaurs and centaurettes, cupids, fauns and other figures from classical mythology is portrayed to Beethovens music. A gathering for a festival to honor Bacchus, the god of wine, is interrupted by Zeus, Dance of the Hours by Amilcare Ponchielli
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Leopold Stokowski conducted the film's score.
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Deems Taylor was the film's
Master of Ceremonies, who introduced each segment in live action interstitial scenes.
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Disney acting out a scene in The Sorcerer's Apprentice for Taylor and Stokowski.
12.
The Rescuers
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The Rescuers is a 1977 American animated comedy-drama adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and first released on June 22,1977, by Buena Vista Distribution. The film is based on a series of books by Margery Sharp, most notably The Rescuers, due to the films success, a sequel entitled The Rescuers Down Under was released in 1990, which made this film the first Disney animated film to have a sequel. In an abandoned boat in Devils Bayou, a young orphan named Penny drops a message in a bottle containing a plea for help into the river. The bottle washes up in New York City, where it is recovered by the Rescue Aid Society, the Hungarian representative, Miss Bianca, volunteers to accept the case and chooses Bernard, a stammering janitor, as her co-agent. The two visit Morningside Orphanage, where Penny lived, and meet an old cat named Rufus and he tells them about a woman named Madame Medusa who once tried to lure Penny into her car and may have succeeded in abducting Penny this time. The mice travel to Medusas pawn shop, where they discover that she and her partner, Mr. Snoops, are on a quest to find the worlds largest diamond, the Devils Eye. They also discover that Medusa and Mr. Snoops are at the Devils Bayou with Penny, whom they have indeed kidnapped, with the help of an albatross named Orville, and a dragonfly named Evinrude, the mice follow Medusa to the bayou. There, they learn that Penny was captured to enter a hole that leads down into the cave where the Devils Eye is located. The following morning, Medusa and Mr. Snoops send Penny down into a cave to find the gem, with Miss Bianca. The three soon find the Devils Eye within a skull, as Penny pries the mouth open with a sword, the mice push it out from within. Miss Bianca, Penny, and Bernard barely manage to retrieve the diamond, Medusa plans to keep the diamond for herself, hiding it in Pennys teddy bear while holding Penny and Snoops at gunpoint. When she trips over a set as a trap by Bernard and Bianca, Medusa loses the bear to Penny. The local animals arrive at the riverboat and aid Bernard and Bianca by trapping Brutus and Nero, meanwhile, Penny and the mice commandeer Medusas swamp-mobile, a makeshift airboat. Medusa unsuccessfully pursues them, using Brutus and Nero as water-skis, back in New York, the Rescue Aid Society watch a news report of how Penny found the Devil’s Eye, which has been given to the Smithsonian Institution, and how she has been adopted. The meeting is interrupted when Evinrude arrives with a call for help, sending Bernard, Bob Newhart as Bernard, Rescue Aid Societys timid janitor, who reluctantly tags along with Miss Bianca. He is highly superstitious about the number 13 and dislikes flying, Eva Gabor as Miss Bianca, the Hungarian representative of the Rescue Aid Society. Her Hungarian nationality was derived from that of her voice actress, geraldine Page as Madame Medusa, a greedy, redheaded, wicked pawnshop owner. Michelle Stacy as Penny, a lonely orphan girl, residing at Morningside Orphanage in New York City
The Rescuers
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Original theatrical release poster
The Rescuers
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The filmmakers carefully designed every shot of the scene to raise the tension.
The Rescuers
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One of the frozen frames containing a picture of a topless woman in the window.
13.
The Fox and the Hound
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The Fox and the Hound is a 1981 American animated buddy drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and loosely based on the novel of the same name by Daniel P. Mannix. The Fox and the Hound was released to theaters on July 10,1981 to financial success, at the time of release it was the most expensive animated film produced to date, costing $12 million. It was re-released to theaters on March 25,1988, a direct-to-video followup, The Fox and the Hound 2, was released to DVD on December 12,2006. After a young red fox is orphaned, Big Mama the owl, Boomer the woodpecker, Tweed names him Tod, since he reminds her of a toddler. Meanwhile, her neighbor, a hunter named Amos Slade, brings home a young hound puppy named Copper, Tod and Copper become playmates and vow to remain friends forever. Slade becomes frustrated with Copper for frequently wandering off to play, while playing with Copper at his home, Tod awakens Chief. Slade and Chief chase him until they are confronted by Tweed, after a violent argument, Slade threatens to kill Tod if he trespasses on his farm again. Hunting season comes and Slade takes his dogs into the wilderness for the interim, as months pass, Tod and Copper both reach adulthood. Copper has become a hunting dog, while Tod has grown up into a strong handsome fox. On the night of Coppers return, Tod sneaks over to visit him, Copper explains that while he still values Tod as a friend, he is now a hunting dog and things are different. Their conversation awakens Chief, who alerts Slade, in the ensuing chase Copper catches Tod. Copper lets the fox go and diverts Chief and Slade, Tod tries escaping on a railroad track, but is caught and pursued by Chief as a train suddenly passes by them. Tod ducks under the train, but Chief is struck by the train and falls into a river below, angered by this, Copper and Slade blame Tod for the accident and vow vengeance. Tweed, realizing that Tod is no longer safe with her, takes him on a drive, tods first night alone in the woods proves disastrous, inadvertently entering an irritable badgers den. Thankfully, a friendly porcupine offers Tod shelter and that same night, Slade and Copper plan revenge on Tod. The next morning, Big Mama finds Tod and introduces him to a fox named Vixey. Wanting to impress her, Tod tries to catch a fish, Vixey and the other animals laugh at him, but Big Mama directs Tod to be himself. The two foxes reconcile and Vixey helps Tod adapt to life in the forest, meanwhile, Slade and Copper trespass into the preserve to hunt Tod
The Fox and the Hound
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Original theatrical release poster
14.
Peter Pan (1953 film)
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Peter Pan is a 1953 American animated fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldnt Grow Up by J. M. Barrie. It is the 14th Disney animated feature film and was released on February 5,1953. Peter Pan is the final Disney animated feature released through RKO before Walt Disneys founding of his own company, Buena Vista Distribution. Peter Pan is also the final Disney film in all nine members of Disneys Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. It is also the second Disney animated film starring Kathryn Beaumont, Heather Angel, the film was entered into the 1953 Cannes Film Festival. A sequel titled Return to Never Land was released in 2002, and their father, who is fed up with the stories that have made his children less practical, angrily declares that Wendy has gotten too old to continue staying in the nursery with them. That night, they are visited in the nursery by Peter Pan himself, who teaches them to fly with the help of his friend, Tinker Bell. A ship of pirates is anchored off Never Land, commanded by Captain Hook with his sidekick, Mr. Smee. Hook boldly plots to take revenge upon Peter Pan for cutting off his hand, but trembles at the presence of a crocodile, the crews restlessness is interrupted by the arrival of Peter and the Darlings. Tinker Bell, who is jealous of Pan’s attention to Wendy, persuades the Lost Boys that Pan has ordered them to shoot down Wendy. Tinker Bells treachery is soon out, and Peter banishes her. John and Michael set off with the Lost Boys to find the islands Indians, meanwhile, Peter takes Wendy to see the mermaids. The mischievous mermaids delight in tormenting Wendy but flee in terror at the sight of Hook, Peter and Wendy see that Hook and Smee have captured Tiger Lily so that they might persuade her to disclose Peters hideout. Peter and Wendy free her, and Peter is honored by the tribe, Hook then plots to take advantage of Tinker Bells jealousy of Wendy, tricking her into revealing the location of Peters lair. Wendy and her brothers eventually grow homesick and plan to return home and they invite Peter and the Lost Boys to return to London and be adopted by the Darling parents. The Lost Boys agree, but Peter is so set against growing up that he refuses, the pirates lie in wait and capture the Lost Boys and the Darlings as they exit, leaving behind a time bomb to kill Peter. Tinker Bell learns of the plot just in time to snatch the bomb from Peter as it explodes, Peter rescues Tinker Bell from the rubble and together they confront the pirates, releasing the children before they can walk the plank. Peter engages Hook in single combat as the fight off the crew
Peter Pan (1953 film)
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Original release poster
Peter Pan (1953 film)
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Cast Member as Peter Pan in
Disneyland Paris.
15.
Cinderella (1950 film)
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Cinderella is a 1950 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney and originally released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the fairy tale Cendrillon by Charles Perrault, it is the twelfth Disney animated feature film, directing credits go to Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske, and Wilfred Jackson. Songs were written by Mack David, Jerry Livingston, and Al Hoffman, songs in the film include Cinderella, A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes, Sing Sweet Nightingale, The Work Song, Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo, and So This is Love. It features the voices of Ilene Woods, Eleanor Audley, Verna Felton, Rhoda Williams, James MacDonald, Luis van Rooten, Don Barclay, Mike Douglas, at the time, however, the studio was over $4 million in debt and was on the verge of bankruptcy. Walt Disney and his animators turned back to film production in 1948 after producing a string of package films with the idea of adapting Charles Perraults Cendrillon into a motion picture. It is the first Disney film in all of Disneys Nine Old Men worked together as directing animators. After two years in production, Cinderella was finally released on February 15,1950 and it became the greatest critical and commercial hit for the studio since Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and helped reverse the studios fortunes. It is considered one of the best American animated films ever made and it received three Academy Award nominations, including Best Music, Original Song for Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo. Decades later, it was followed by two direct-to-video sequels—Cinderella II, Dreams Come True and Cinderella III, A Twist in Time—and a 2015 live-action remake directed by Kenneth Branagh. Despite this, Cinderella is a kind and gentle young woman and is friends with mice and birds live in. Meanwhile, at the palace, the King is frustrated that his son. He and the Grand Duke organize a ball in an effort to find a wife for the Prince. Upon receiving notice of the ball, Tremaine agrees to let Cinderella go if she finishes her chores, Cinderella finds a gown that belongs to her mother and decides to refashion it for the ball, but her step family impedes this by giving her extra chores. Cinderellas animal friends, including Jaq and Gus, refashion it for her, completing the design with a necklace and sash discarded by Drizella and Anastasia, a heartbroken Cinderella runs out into the garden in tears, where her Fairy Godmother appears before her. As Cinderella leaves for the ball, the Fairy Godmother warns her the spell will break at the stroke of midnight, at the ball, the Prince rejects every girl until he sees Cinderella, who agrees to dance with him. The two fall in love and go out for a stroll together in the castle gardens, as they are about to kiss, Cinderella hears the clock start to chime midnight and flees. As she leaves the castle, one of her slippers falls off, the palace guards give chase as Cinderella flees in the coach before the spell breaks on the last stroke of midnight. Cinderella, her pets, and the hide in a wooded area as the guards pass
Cinderella (1950 film)
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Original theatrical release poster
Cinderella (1950 film)
Cinderella (1950 film)
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Cinderella
16.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
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The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad is a 1949 animated package film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Beginning in 1955, the two portions of the film were separated, and televised as part of the Disneyland television series and they were later marketed and sold separately on home video. As the films animated segments are based on works, they are both introduced in live-action scenes set in a library as a framing device. The first segment is introduced and narrated by Basil Rathbone, decca Records issued an album called Ichabod - The Legend of Sleepy Hollow featuring Crosby in 1949 to tie in with the release of the film. This segment is based on The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame, the story is set in and around London, England between 10 June 1909 and 1 January 1910. The protagonist J. Thaddeus Toad, Esq. is introduced as an adventurer who never counted the cost. As the storys one disturbing element, although he is the proprietor of the Toad Hall estate, Toads adventures. As a last resort, Toads friend Angus MacBadger volunteers as Toads bookkeeper to help Toad keep his estate which is a source of pride in the community, Ratty and Moley confront Toad, but cannot change his mind. Toad then sees a car for the first time and becomes entranced by the new machine. To cure Toads new mania, Ratty and Moley put Toad under house arrest, however, Toad escapes and is later arrested and charged with car theft. At his trial, Toad represents himself and calls his horse Cyril Proudbottom as his first witness, Cyril testifies that the car which Toad was accused of stealing had already been stolen by a gang of weasels. Toad had entered a tavern where the car was parked and offered to buy the car from the weasels, however, since Toad had no money, he instead offered to trade Toad Hall for the car. Toad is found guilty on the spot and sentenced to five years in the Tower of London, Toads friends make every effort to appeal his case, but with no success. On 24 December 1909, Cyril visits Toad in disguise as his grandmother, meanwhile, MacBadger discovers that Winky is the leader of the weasel gang, and that they have indeed taken over Toad Hall, Winky himself is in possession of the deed. Knowing that the deed bearing Toad and Winkys signature would prove Toads innocence, the film then ends in 1 January 1910 with Toad regaining his house while it is implied that Winky and his minions have been arrested and imprisoned. The second segment is based on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving, although the film introduces the story as Ichabod Crane, later individual releases retained the storys original title. Despite his odd behavior and effeminate mannerisms, Ichabod soon wins the hearts of the villages women, Brom Bones, the roughish town hero, does his best to bully Ichabod. However, he is good at ignoring these taunts and continues to interact with the townspeople
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
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Original theatrical poster
17.
Robin Hood (1973 film)
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Robin Hood is a 1973 American animated buddy musical adventure-comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions which was first released in the United States on November 8,1973. The 21st Disney animated feature film, it is based on the legend of Robin Hood, but uses anthropomorphic animals rather than people. The story follows the adventures of Robin Hood, Little John and the inhabitants of Nottingham as they fight against the taxation of Prince John. Meanwhile, Prince John and his assistant Sir Hiss arrive in Nottingham on a tour of the kingdom, knowing the royal coach is laden with riches, Robin and Little John rob Prince John by disguising themselves as fortune tellers. However, Robin Hood, disguised as a beggar, sneaks in and gives some money to the family, as well as his hat. Skippy and his friends test out the bow, but Skippy fires an arrow into the grounds of Maid Marians castle, the children sneak inside, meeting Maid Marian and her attendant Lady Kluck. Skippy rescues Marian from Lady Kluck, who pretends to be a pompous Prince John, meanwhile, Friar Tuck visits Robin and Little John, explaining that Prince John is hosting an archery tournament, and the winner will receive a kiss from Maid Marian. Robin decides to participate in the tournament disguised as a stork whilst Little John disguises himself as the Duke of Chutney to get near Prince John, Sir Hiss discovers Robins identity but is trapped in a barrel of ale by Friar Tuck and Alan-a-Dale. Robin wins the tournament, but Prince John exposes him and has him arrested for execution despite Maid Marians pleas. Little John threatens Prince John in order to release Robin, which leads to a fight between Prince Johns soldiers and the townsfolk, all of which escape to Sherwood Forest, enraged by the insult, Prince John triples the taxes, imprisoning most of the townsfolk who cannot pay. A paltry coin gets deposited into the box at Friar Tucks church. Prince John orders Friar Tuck hung, knowing Robin Hood will come out of hiding to rescue his friend and give the potential for Robin to be caught, chaos follows as Robin and the others try to escape to Sherwood Forest. The Sheriff corners Robin after he is forced to return to rescue Tagalong, during the chase, Prince Johns castle catches fire and the Sheriff figures he has Robin where he wants, either to be captured, burned, or make a risky jump into the moat. Little John and Skippy fear Robin is lost, but he surfaces safely after using a reed as a breathing tube. Later, King Richard returns to England, placing his brother, Sir Hiss, the alternate ending is a deleted version of the storys conclusion, primarily utilizing still images from Ken Andersons original storyboard drawings of the sequence. As Robin Hood leaps off of the castle and into the moat, Prince John, enraged that he has once again been outwitted by Robin Hood, finds Little John leaving the church, and suspects the outlaw to be there as well. Sure enough, he finds Maid Marian tending to an unconscious Robin Hood, before Prince John can strike, however, he is stopped by his brother, King Richard, having returned from the Crusades. King Richard is appalled to find that Prince John has left his kingdom bleak, abiding his mothers wishes, King Richard decides he cannot banish Prince John from the kingdom, but does grant him severe punishment
Robin Hood (1973 film)
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Theatrical release poster
18.
Frank Thomas (animator)
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Franklin Rosborough Frank Thomas was an American animator. He was one of Walt Disneys team of animators, known as the Nine Old Men, after graduating from Stanford, he attended Chouinard Art Institute, then joined The Walt Disney Company on September 24,1934 as employee number 224. There he animated dozens of films and shorts, and also was a member of the Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two. During World War II he was assigned to the First Motion Picture Unit where he made training films and he retired from Disney on January 31,1978. Thomas co-authored, with fellow Disney legend Ollie Johnston, the comprehensive book Disney Animation, The Illusion of Life, regarded as the definitive resource book on traditional hand-drawn character animation, the book has been republished numerous times, and is widely considered the bible among character animators. The book summarized the Disney approach to animation through the twelve basic principles of animation. Thomas and Johnston were also profiled in the 1995 documentary Frank and Ollie, the film profiled their careers, private lives, and the personal friendship between the two men. In 2012, Theodore Thomas also directed another documentary, Growing up with Nine Old Men. Thomas last appearance in an film before his death was in The Incredibles. Frank and his friend and colleague Ollie Johnston voiced and were caricatured as two old men saying Thats old school, yeah, no school like the old school. The pair had previously heard, and caricatured, as the two train engineers in Birds The Iron Giant. Frank Thomas died in La Cañada Flintridge, California on September 8,2004 and his widow, Jeanette A. Thomas died on September 29,2012. The 2001 biography Walt Disneys Nine Old Men & The Art of Animation by John Canemaker chronicles Thomas life
Frank Thomas (animator)
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Frank Thomas in 1974
Frank Thomas (animator)
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Frank Thomas (center) with best friend
Ollie Johnston and their wives in 1985
19.
12 basic principles of animation
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Disneys Twelve Basic Principles of Animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book The Illusion of Life, Disney Animation. Johnston and Thomas in turn based their book on the work of the leading Disney animators from the 1930s onwards, the book and some of its principles have been adopted by some traditional studios, and have been referred to by some as the Bible of animation. In 1999 this book was voted one of the best animation books of all time in an online poll. Though originally intended to apply to traditional, hand-drawn animation, the still have great relevance for todays more prevalent computer animation. The most important principle is squash and stretch, the purpose of which is to give a sense of weight and it can be applied to simple objects, like a bouncing ball, or more complex constructions, like the musculature of a human face. Taken to a point, a figure stretched or squashed to an exaggerated degree can have a comical effect. In realistic animation, however, the most important aspect of this principle is the fact that an objects volume does not change when squashed or stretched, if the length of a ball is stretched vertically, its width needs to contract correspondingly horizontally. Anticipation is used to prepare the audience for an action, a dancer jumping off the floor has to bend his knees first, a golfer making a swing has to swing the club back first. This principle is akin to staging in theatre, as it is known in theatre and this can be done by various means, such as the placement of a character in the frame, the use of light and shadow, or the angle and position of the camera. The essence of this principle is keeping focus on what is relevant and these are two different approaches to the actual drawing process. Straight ahead action means drawing out a scene frame by frame from beginning to end, while pose to pose involves starting with drawing a few key frames, straight ahead action creates a more fluid, dynamic illusion of movement, and is better for producing realistic action sequences. On the other hand, it is hard to maintain proportions, pose to pose works better for dramatic or emotional scenes, where composition and relation to the surroundings are of greater importance. A combination of the two techniques is often used, the use of computers facilitates this method, and can fill in the missing sequences in between poses automatically. It is, however, still important to oversee this process, overlapping action is the tendency for parts of the body to move at different rates. A third, related technique is drag, where a character starts to move and these parts can be inanimate objects like clothing or the antenna on a car, or parts of the body, such as arms or hair. On the human body, the torso is the core, with arms, legs, head, body parts with much tissue, such as large stomachs and breasts, or the loose skin on a dog, are more prone to independent movement than bonier body parts. Again, exaggerated use of the technique can produce an effect, while more realistic animation must time the actions exactly. The moving hold animates between similar key frames, even characters sitting still can display some sort of movement, such as the moving in
12 basic principles of animation
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Book cover of
The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation.
12 basic principles of animation
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Anticipation: A baseball player making a
pitch prepares for the action by moving his arm back.
20.
George W. Bush
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George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts
George W. Bush
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George W. Bush
George W. Bush
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Lt. George W. Bush while in the
Texas Air National Guard
George W. Bush
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George W. Bush with his father outside the White House, April 29, 1992
George W. Bush
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Governor Bush (right) with father, former president
George H. W. Bush and wife, Laura, in 1997
21.
Oval Office
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The Oval Office is the official office of the President of the United States. It is located in the West Wing of the White House Complex, the room features three large south-facing windows behind the presidents desk, and a fireplace at the north end. Presidents generally decorate the office to suit their taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery. Artwork is selected from the White Houses own collection, or borrowed from museums for the term in office. The Oval Office has become associated in Americans minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, several presidents have addressed the nation from the Oval Office on occasion. George Washington never occupied the White House and he spent most of his presidency in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which served as the temporary national capital for 10 years, 1790–1800, while Washington, D. C. was under construction. In 1790, Washington built a large, two-story, semi-circular addition to the rear of the Presidents House in Philadelphia, Washington received his guests, standing between the windows in his back drawing-room. The company, entering a front room and passing through a door, made their salutations to the President. The apsidal end of a room was a site of honor, for a host. President John Adams occupied the Philadelphia mansion beginning in 1797, curved foundations of Washingtons Bow Window were uncovered during a 2007 archaeological excavation of the Presidents House site. Architect James Hoban visited President Washington in Philadelphia in June 1792, the following month, he was named winner of the design competition for The White House. The elliptic salon at the center of the White House was the feature of Hobans original plan. An oval interior space was a Baroque concept that was adapted by Neoclassicism, Oval rooms became popular in eighteenth century neoclassical architecture. In November 1800, John Adams became the first President to occupy the White House, during the 19th century, a number of presidents used the White Houses second-floor Yellow Oval Room as a private office or library. The one-story Executive Office Building was intended to be a temporary structure, Building it to the west of the White House allowed the removal of a vast, dilapidated set of pre-Civil War greenhouses that had been constructed by President James Buchanan. Roosevelt moved the offices of the branch to the newly constructed wing in 1902. His workspace was a suite of Executive Office and Cabinet Room. The furniture, including the desk, was designed by architect Charles Follen McKim and executed by A. H. Davenport and Company
Oval Office
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President
Barack Obama edits his remarks in the Oval Office prior to making a televised statement detailing the
May 1, 2011 mission which killed Osama bin Laden.
Oval Office
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The Oval Office in 1981, during the administration of
Ronald Reagan. President Reagan used the
Resolute Desk, which President
Jimmy Carter had returned to the White House. The rug from the
Gerald R. Ford administration was replaced when the Reagans redecorated in 1988.
Oval Office
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President's House, Philadelphia, PA. George Washington's Bow Window is echoed in the shape of the Oval Office.
Oval Office
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The
Yellow Oval Room as President
Grover Cleveland 's library and study, 1886. Note his use of the
Resolute Desk.
22.
Leonard Garment
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Leonard Garment was an American attorney, public servant, and arts advocate. Ambassador to the Third Committee at the United Nations, Garment was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was a graduate of Brooklyn Law School and that year he joined the law firm of Mudge, Stern, Baldwin. He became the head of litigation and a partner in the late fifties, Garment met Richard Nixon when the politician joined the firm in 1963. He assisted with Nixons 1968 presidential campaign, in 1969, Garment became a part of Nixons White House staff as special consultant to the president. He advised the president and worked on various special projects—particularly in the areas of civil and human rights, Indian affairs, published in 2000, the latter book supported the theory that Deep Throat was John Sears. Before Deep Throats identity was revealed in 2005 as being former FBI Acting Associate Director W. Mark Felt, Felt was listed as a possible Deep Throat in the book, but was dismissed by Garment because the author believed the secret source had to have strong White House connections. He was mistaken in his selection of Sears, who told Garment explicitly that he was not Deep Throat. To prove his argument, Sears admitted that he was a source for Carl Bernstein, but Garment still didnt believe Sears. Garment had an association with the arts, starting with his early career as a jazz saxophonist with Woody Hermans band playing with Alan Greenspan before he entered law school. In the 1970s, he was chairman of the board of the Brooklyn Academy of Music, more recently, he was one of the founders of the Jazz Museum in Harlem. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2005 as an arts advocate, tim Russert credited Leonard Garment with getting him into the news business as Garment had a friend at NBC News who was looking to rebuild their news division. Garment and Russert had previously worked together in 1976 during the U. S. Senate election of Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Garment was a close associate of I. Lewis Libby, as law partners, at Dechert, Price & Rhoads, Garment, who had been ill, died July 13,2013 at his Manhattan home
Leonard Garment
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Leonard Garment - official White House photo
23.
Louis Auchincloss
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Louis Stanton Auchincloss was an American lawyer, novelist, historian, and essayist. He is best known as a novelist who parlayed his experiences into books exploring the experiences and psychology of American polite society and his dry, ironic works of fiction continue the tradition of Henry James and Edith Wharton. He wrote his novels initially under the name Andrew Lee, the name of an ancestor who cursed any descendent who drank or smoked, born in Lawrence, New York, Auchincloss was the son of Priscilla Dixon and Joseph Howland Auchincloss. His brother was Howland Auchincloss and his grandfather, John Winthrop Auchincloss, was the brother of Edgar Stirling Auchincloss. He attended St. Bernards School, Groton School and Yale University, although he did not complete his undergraduate studies at Yale, he was admitted to and attended law school at the University of Virginia. He graduated in 1941 and was admitted to the New York bar the same year, Auchincloss was an associate at Sullivan & Cromwell from 1941 to 1951. He joined the Naval Reserve as an ensign on December 4,1940 and was promoted to lieutenant on December 1,1942, Auchincloss is known for his closely observed portraits of old New York and New England society. Among his books are the multi-generational sagas The House of Five Talents, Portrait in Brownstone, the Rector of Justin is the tale of a renowned headmaster of a prep school like the one he attended, Groton School trying to deal with changing times. In the early 1980s, Auchincloss produced three novels which were not centered on the New York he knew so well, i. e. The Cat and the King, set in Louis XIVs Versailles, Watchfires, concerned with the American Civil War, Auchincloss would remain close to New York again, however, in his later fiction writing. Gore Vidal said of his work, Of all our novelists, Auchincloss is the one who tells us how our rulers behave in their banks and their boardrooms, their law offices. Not since Dreiser has an American writer had so much to us about the role of money in our lives. In 1957, Auchincloss married Adele Burden Lawrence, the daughter of Florence Irvin Burden and her great-grandmother was Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, a Vanderbilt heiress, and her grandfather was James Abercrombie Burden II, a prominent industrialist. Adele was an artist, environmentalist and later became a deputy administrator of the New York City Parks, on January 26,2010, Auchincloss died from complications of a stroke at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan. Significant collections of Auchinclosss papers reside at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia, composer Paul Reif adapted Portrait in Brownstone into an opera upon which he was working at the time of his death, it has remained unperformed. Louis Auchincloss, The Art of Fiction No.138, Louis Auchincloss - Daily Telegraph obituary Louis Auchincloss, Writer who chronicled the lives and times of Americas WASP elite, The Independent,2 February 2010
Louis Auchincloss
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Auchincloss with President and Mrs.
Bush in the
Oval Office receiving the
National Medal of Arts, November 9, 2005.
24.
James De Preist
–
James Anderson DePreist was an American conductor. DePreist was one of the first African-American conductors on the world stage and he was the director emeritus of conducting and orchestral studies at The Juilliard School and laureate music director of the Oregon Symphony at the time of his death. DePreist was born in Philadelphia in 1936 and he was the nephew of contralto Marian Anderson. In 1962, while on a State Department tour in Bangkok, Thailand, however he recovered sufficiently, allowing him to enter and to ultimately claim first prize in the Dimitri Mitropoulos International Conducting Competition. He was then chosen by Leonard Bernstein to become assistant conductor of the New York Philharmonic during the 1965–66 season, in 1971, Antal Doráti named him associate conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D. C. In 1976, DePreist was appointed director of the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec. In 1980, DePreist was named director of the Oregon Symphony. During his 23-year tenure, he led the transformation of the Oregon Symphony from a small, peter Frajola, a principal violinist who joined the orchestra in the 1980s recalled phenomenal musical journeys with DePreist whose influence reached far beyond the music hall into the community. He was the ninth music director and was succeeded by Carlos Kalmar. His other leadership roles with orchestras include tenures with the Orchestre Symphonique de Québec, the Malmö Symphony Orchestra in Sweden, and he also served as artistic advisor to the Pasadena Symphony. As guest conductor, DePreist appeared with every major North American orchestra, including the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the Philadelphia Orchestra and he also led orchestras in Helsinki, Rome, Sydney, Tokyo, London, and many other cities. DePreist was awarded 15 honorary doctorates and he was an elected fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. He was named the music director for the Oregon Symphony. He is a recipient of the Insignia of Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland, the Medal of the City of Québec and he received the Ditson Conductors Award in 2000 for his commitment to the performance of American music. In 2005, president George W. Bush presented him with the National Medal of Arts, DePreist also conducted the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra to provide the music for both the anime and the live action drama. In 1987, DePreist, who had high school friends with Bill Cosby, was commissioned to rearrange the theme song to The Cosby Show. In 2012, DePreist suffered an attack, according to his manager. Never fully recovering, DePreist died on February 8,2013, at the age of 76, in Scottsdale and he was married to Ginette DePreist
James De Preist
–
DePreist being congratulated by President
George W. Bush after receiving the
National Medal of Arts in 2005
James De Preist
–
DePreist's star along Portland's Main Street Walk of Stars, showing floral tributes on the day of his death
25.
Tina Ramirez
–
Tina Ramirez is a Puerto Rican/Mexican-American dancer and choreographer, best known as the Founder and Artistic Director of Ballet Hispanico, the leading Hispanic dance company in the United States. Ramirez was born in Caracas, Venezuela in 1929, where her father and her mother, Gloria Cestero, was the daughter of a politically active Puerto Rican family and subsequently became a leader in the Puerto Rican immigrant community in New York City. Ramirez moved to New York City at the age of six or seven, in 1963, Ramirez fulfilled a promise to take over Miss Bravos studio upon her retirement. In 1967, with funding through an anti-poverty program, she conceived and directed an intensive training program for younger students called Operation High Hopes. In addition to teaching, Ramirez arranged performances for her young students, while she demanded professional behavior of them, she was aware that there were few opportunities for Latinos in professional dance at the time. Encouraged by the skill of her pupils and increasing requests for performances, Ramirez formally established Ballet Hispanico in 1970 to include a company, a school. Ramirez vision for the Ballet Hispanico Company gave contemporary Hispanic culture its place in American dance, during her tenure, Ballet Hispanico performed for over two million people across three continents. In 1983, the Company was one of the first to appear at The Joyce Theater, the Company represented the United States at Expo 92 in Seville, Spain, where it was featured at a special Independence Day Celebration at the United States Pavilion. While on a tour of South America in 1993, Ramirez. The Companys television appearances included CBS Sunday Morning with Charles Osgood in 1995, Ramirez contribution as an educator is in many ways as important as her legacy as an artist and director. The Ballet Hispanico School of Dance employs Ramirez original core curriculum of ballet, modern, the School has grown to train hundreds of students year-round. To ensure access for children of all backgrounds, the School provides scholarship support, leelee Sobieski and Jennifer Lopez also took their earliest dance classes at the School. Former Company member Eduardo Vilaro was Founder and Artistic Director of Luna Negra Dance Theater before taking the reins as Artistic Director at Ballet Hispanico when Ramirez stepped down and this wide-ranging initiative regularly reaches 15,000 students and adults in New York City and across the nation. Ramirez enduring contributions to the field of dance earned her the National Medal of Arts and she received the Honor Award from Dance/USA in 2009 and the Award of Merit from the Association of Performing Arts Presenters in 2007. In 2004, AARP Magazine cited Ramirez as a cultural trailblazer and she received the Dance Magazine Award in 2002. Ramirez was named a Latina of the Year by Latina Magazine in 2000, in 1999, she received an Hispanic Heritage Award, presented at a gala celebration at The Kennedy Center. She was honored by the National Puerto Rican Forum at their 25th Anniversary Dinner, Ramirez has served on the boards of The New 42nd Street, the Association of Hispanic Arts, and Dance Theatre Workshop. Ballet Hispanico profile Washington Post interview, April 1,2005 Dance Teacher magazine interview, February 2003 AARP Magazine profile
Tina Ramirez
–
Tina Ramirez
Tina Ramirez
–
Tina Ramirez received the National Medal of Arts from President George W. Bush in 2005.
26.
Robert Duvall
–
Robert Selden Duvall is an American actor and filmmaker. He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards, seven Golden Globes, and has multiple nominations and one win each of the BAFTA, Screen Actors Guild Award and he received the National Medal of Arts in 2005. Duvall began appearing in theatre during the late 1950s, moving into television and film roles during the early 1960s, playing Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird and appearing in Captain Newman and this was followed by a series of critically lauded performances in commercially successful films. Duvall was born January 5,1931, in San Diego, California, the son of Mildred Virginia, an actress, and William Howard Duvall. He has English, and smaller amounts of Belgian, French Huguenot, German, Scottish, Swiss-German, and Welsh ancestry. His mother was a relative of American Civil War General Robert E. Lee, Duvall was raised in the Christian Science religion and has stated that, while it is his belief, he does not attend church. He grew up primarily in Annapolis, Maryland, site of the United States Naval Academy and he recalled, I was a Navy brat. My father started at the Academy when he was 16, made captain at 39 and he attended Severn School in Severna Park, Maryland, and The Principia in St. Louis, Missouri. He graduated, in 1953, from Principia College in Elsah, Duvall served in the United States Army for a brief period shortly after the Korean War leaving the Army as private first class. Thats led to confusion in the press, he explained in 1984. Hell, I barely qualified with the M-1 rifle in basic training, while stationed at Camp Gordon in Georgia, Duvall acted in an amateur production of the comedy Room Service in nearby Augusta, Georgia. In the winter of 1955, Duvall began studies at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City, under Sanford Meisner and he was there for two years. Dustin Hoffman, Gene Hackman, and James Caan were among his classmates and he was there in 1957 attending Meisners classes. While studying acting, he worked as a Manhattan post office clerk, Duvall remains friends today with fellow California-born actors Hoffman and Hackman, who he knew during their years as struggling actors. In 1955, Duvall roomed with Hoffman in a New York City apartment while they were studying together at the Playhouse. Around this time, he roomed with Hackman, while working odd jobs such as clerking at Macys, sorting mail at the post office. The three roommates have since earned, among themselves,19 Academy Award nominations, with five wins, Duvall began his professional acting career with the Gateway Playhouse, an Equity summer theatre based in Bellport, Long Island, New York. Arguably his stage debut was in its 1952 season when he played the Pilot in Laughter In The Stars, after a years absence when he was with the U. S
Robert Duvall
–
Duvall at the 2014
Toronto International Film Festival.
Robert Duvall
–
Duvall with
Diane Lane at the 41st
Emmy Awards in September 1989
Robert Duvall
–
President
George W. Bush stands with recipients of the 2005
National Medal of Arts, from left:
Leonard Garment,
Louis Auchincloss,
Paquito D'Rivera,
James De Preist,
Tina Ramirez, Robert Duvall, and
Ollie Johnston.
Robert Duvall
–
Duvall with future wife
Luciana Pedraza (right) shaking hands with a member of the "The Black Stallions" of Helicopter Combat Support Squadron Four at the
Taormina Film Fest in Sicily in June 2003.
27.
Stanford
–
Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
Stanford
–
Leland Stanford, the university's founder, as painted by
Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier in 1881 and now on display at the
Cantor Center
Stanford
–
Seal of Stanford University
Stanford
–
Statue of the Stanford family, by
Larkin G. Mead (1899)
Stanford
–
The ruins of the unfinished Stanford Library after the
1906 San Francisco earthquake
28.
Palo Alto High School
–
Palo Alto Senior High School, known locally as Paly, is a public comprehensive high school located in Palo Alto, California It was founded in 1898 and is one of the oldest high schools in the region. The schools property is adjacent to Stanford University, Paly has a rivalry with crosstown Gunn High School. 2015–161,994 students,982 Male,1004 Female The Campanile and it prints 24 broadsheet pages once every three weeks. The Campanile has been in the National Scholastic Press Association Hall of Fame since 2004, Verde is Palys school magazine publication, published five times each year and available online. Verde has won Pacemaker and Gold Crown awards for scholastic journalism, in 2006 Verde won the Best in Show at National Journalism Convention held in San Francisco. In 2008 Verde was one of four newsmagazines awarded the Pacemaker award from the National Scholastic Press Association, the Viking is Palys sports magazine publication, published six times each year and available online. Founded in 2007, The Viking was the first publication at the school level to solely cover athletics in the country. The Viking has won several Gold Crown awards for scholastic journalism, the Paly Voice, launched in the 2002–03 school year, is Palys online news source. It features searchable archives of all other Paly publications as well as online content. In the spring of 2005 the site won both the Peoples Voice and Overall Webby Award in the Student category, proof is Palys arts and entertainment magazine. It was first published second semester of the 2009–10 school year, in October 2014, a brand new Media Arts Center was unveiled at Paly. This multimillion-dollar,23,000 square foot building is filled with state-of-the-art technology catering to the needs of the multitude of student journalism groups on campus. The Madrono is the Palo Alto High School yearbook, in 2010, both the Boys and Girls Lacrosse teams won the inaugural Santa Clara Valley Athletic League Championships. The school is home to several athletic clubs, including an Ultimate Frisbee Club. Gunn High School, Palo Altos other high school Cubberley High School, Palo Altos now-defunct third high school Palo Alto High School official website
Palo Alto High School
–
Palo Alto High School
29.
Stanford Chaparral
–
The Stanford Chaparral is a humor magazine published by students of Stanford University since 1899. The Stanford Chaparral was established in 1899 by Bristow Adams, published for more than 112 years, the Chappie is the second oldest continually published humor magazine in the world after Nebelspalter. It is the oldest continually published magazine in the United States, as the Harvard Lampoon did not publish during World War I. The magazines most recent brush with the media was its feature in The New Yorker by Evan Ratliff. The Chappie is published six times during the year, or twice per quarter. In the early Spring, the Chaparral traditionally publishes an annual satire of The Stanford Daily, popularly termed the Fake Daily, during the annual elections for student government, two of the magazines writers traditionally run for president and vice-president of the student body. Despite running as a joke, candidates have won the race in the past. The magazines editor-in-chief is termed the Old Boy, a tradition reaching back to the earliest Chappie numbers, the current Old Boys are Tristan Navarro and Scott Mutchnik
Stanford Chaparral
–
A Chappie from 1947
Stanford Chaparral
–
The first Chappie (October 5, 1899)
30.
Traditional animation
–
Traditional animation is an animation technique where each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until the advent of computer animation, Animation productions begin by deciding on a story. The oral or literary source material must then be converted into a film script. The storyboard has a somewhat similar to a comic book, and it shows the sequence of shots as consecutive sketches that also indicate transitions, camera angles. The images allow the team to plan the flow of the plot. The storyboard artists will have meetings with the director and may have to redraw or re-board a sequence many times before it meets final approval. Before true animation begins, a soundtrack or scratch track is recorded. A completed cartoon soundtrack will feature music, sound effects, often, an animatic or story reel is made after the soundtrack is created, but before full animation begins. An animatic typically consists of pictures of the storyboard synchronized with the soundtrack and this allows the animators and directors to work out any script and timing issues that may exist with the current storyboard. The storyboard and soundtrack are amended if necessary, and a new animatic may be created and reviewed with the director until the storyboard is perfected, advertising agencies today employ the use of animatics to test their commercials before they are made into full up spots. Animatics use drawn artwork, with moving pieces, video storyboards are similar to animatics but do not have moving pieces. Photomatics are another option when creating test spots, but instead of using drawn artwork, there is a shoot in which hundreds of digital photographs are taken. The large amount of images to choose from may make the process of creating a test commercial a bit easier, as opposed to creating an animatic, because changes to drawn art take time and money. Photomatics generally cost more than animatics, as they may require a shoot, however, the emergence of affordable stock photography and image editing software permits the inexpensive creation of photomatics using stock elements and photo composites. Once the animatic has been approved, it and the storyboards are sent to the design departments, character designers prepare model sheets for all important characters and props in the film, these are used to help standardize appearance, poses, and gestures. These model sheets will show how a character or object looks from a variety of angles with a variety of poses, sometimes, small statues known as maquettes may be produced, so that an animator can see what a character looks like in three dimensions. While design is going on, the director takes the animatic and analyzes exactly what poses, drawings. An exposure sheet is created, this is a table that breaks down the action, dialogue
Traditional animation
–
Painting with
acrylic paint on the reverse side of an already inked cel.
Traditional animation
Traditional animation
–
A camera used for shooting traditional animation. See also
Aerial image.
31.
Live steam
–
Live steam is steam under pressure, obtained by heating water in a boiler. The steam is used to stationary or moving equipment. Revenue-earning steam-powered machines such as mainline and narrow gauge locomotives, steamships. Steamrollers and traction engines are popular, in 1,4 or 1,3 scale, as are model stationary steam engines, the live steam hobby is especially popular in the UK, US, and Australia. All over the world, there are hundreds of clubs and associations as well as thousands of private backyard railroads. The worlds largest live steam layout, with over 25 miles of 7 1⁄2 in trackage is Train Mountain Railroad in Chiloquin, other notable layouts are the one operated by Los Angeles Live Steamers and the one operated by Riverside Live Steamers. Although not technically live steam, the hobby embraces other scale model locomotives whose prototypes are diesel, a few tracks restrict operation to only live steam engines, such as the Riverside Live Steamers mentioned above, but a visit to most tracks will reveal a mixture of locomotive types. A live steam locomotive is often an exact, hand-crafted scale model, Live steam railroad scales are generally referred to by the number of inches of scale per foot. For example, a 1,8 scale locomotive will often be referred to as a 1½ scale locomotive, common modelling scales are Gauge 1, 1/2, 3/4,1, 1½, 2½ and 3. Track gauge refers to the distance between the rails, the ridable track gauges range from 2 1⁄2 in to 15 in, the most popular being 3 1⁄2, 4 3⁄4,5, 7 1⁄4 and 7 1⁄2. Gauges from 10 in and up are called Miniature Railways, and are used mostly in amusement park rides, often the gauge has little to do with the scale of a locomotive since larger equipment can be built in a narrow gauge railway configuration. For instance, scales of 1.5,1.6,2.5, the generally accepted smallest gauge for a live steam locomotive is 45 mm Gauge 1, although O scale live steam models are also common. Nevertheless, the locomotive is driven by steam that is created on board the locomotive and is hence a genuine steam locomotive and it is technically possible to build even smaller operating steam engines. Hand-made examples, as small as Z scale, with a gauge of only 6.5 mm, have been produced and these are fired with a butane flame from a burner in the engines tender. AA Sherwood of Australia, a lecturer, produced some miniature scale model live steam engines in the late 1960s. His smallest live steam engines were 1,240 scale which is smaller than the 1,220 of Z Scale, the smallest scale Sherwood worked in was 1,480, though that was not live steam. For basic locomotive models, a valve gear can be used, with the reversing performed by a valve. More complex locomotive models can use valve gear similar to real steam machine with the reversing done mechanically, there are several common fuels used to boil water in live steam models, Hexamine fuel tablets – which produce relatively little heat but are cheap and relatively safe
Live steam
–
A hand-crafted, coal-fired, 1:8 scale
2-10-0 'live steam' locomotive in 7 1 ⁄ 4 in (184 mm) gauge, built in 14,000 hours over a period of 15 years.
Live steam
–
A Live Steam Festival displaying equipment ranging from small stationary engines to full-size locomotives.
Porvoo,
Finland, 2003
Live steam
–
A propane fired 1:8 scale live steam train running on the
Finnish Railway Museum 's miniature 7 1 ⁄ 4 in (184 mm) track.
Live steam
–
Sept/Oct 2005 issue of Live Steam magazine
32.
Ridable miniature railway
–
A ridable miniature railway is a ground-level, large scale model railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are models of full-sized railway locomotives. Typically miniature railways have a track gauge between 5 in and 18 in, though both larger and smaller gauges are used. These large model railroads are most often seen in parks or in commercial settings. The major distinction between a railway and a narrow gauge railway is that miniature lines use models of full-sized prototypes. There are miniature railways that run on gauges as wide as the 2 ft 6 in gauge on the defunct Viewliner Train of Tomorrow, or as wide as the 2 ft gauge on the operating Wicksteed Park Railway. There are also narrow gauge railways running on extremely narrow track as small as 15 in gauge or less, for example the Rudyard Lake Steam Railway, Perrygrove Railway and these are known as minimum gauge railways. Typically in the UK miniature lines are operated as heritage railways, though many private lines also exist. At gauges of 5 in and less, the track is raised above ground level. Flat cars are arranged with foot boards so that driver and passengers sit astride the track, the track is often multi-gauged, to accommodate 5 in,3 1⁄2 in, and sometimes 2 1⁄2 in gauge locomotives. Track can also be portable, even in gauges as large as 5 in, typically portable track is used to demonstrate locomotives at temporary events such as fêtes and summer fairs. Portable track can be raised or ground level. In Australia, most 5 inch gauge tracks are at ground level
Ridable miniature railway
–
Miniature railway ride in
West Ryde, Australia in 2007.
Ridable miniature railway
–
Locomotive and train on the Chemin de fer touristique d'Anse (fr) in
France.
Ridable miniature railway
–
Emerson Zooline Railroad's
Chance Rides C.P. Huntington train in
Saint Louis Zoo, one of hundreds of exact copies of this ride model in locations worldwide.
Ridable miniature railway
–
Miniature railway on
Lindenhof hill in Zürich (Switzerland).
33.
Backyard railroad
–
A backyard railroad is a privately owned, outdoor railroad, most often in miniature, but large enough for one or several persons to ride on. The rail gauge can be anything from 2 1⁄2 in to 7 1⁄2 in or more, smaller backyard or outdoor railroads that cannot be ridden are called garden railroads. Hundreds, even thousands of backyard railroads exist, especially in the United States, walt Disney built his Carolwood Pacific Railroad at his home in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Holmby Hills. It also inspired Disney to surround his planned Disneyland amusement park with a working, narrow gauge railroad, tracks for the layout can be either portable, or permanent. Turnouts are also fabricated from these basic materials, usually, prototypical appearance is sought for, but some portable tracks may not closely resemble real railroad tracks. Miniature steam locomotives are an element of a hobby known as live steam. One of the more well-known builders of backyard railroad trains was Bud Hurlbut, rolling stock is often modeled after real railroad equipment, as far as being painted with logos of past or existing railroads. Boxcars, flat cars, tank cars and cabooses are common, for passenger use, special cars are constructed, with a low center of gravity for safety. Ridable miniature railways Train ride Garden railway Childrens railway Live Steam Building backyard railroad trains
Backyard railroad
–
A backyard railroad, with a
4-4-0 locomotive in 1:8 scale, on a portable track.
34.
Flintridge, California
–
La Cañada Flintridge is a city in Los Angeles County, California, with a population of 20,246 in 2010. It is located in the Crescenta Valley and far western end of the San Gabriel Valley and it is the home of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA. During the Spanish and Mexican eras, the area was known as Rancho La Cañada, before the citys incorporation in 1976, it consisted of two distinct communities, La Cañada and Flintridge. La Cañada comes from the Spanish word cañada, meaning canyon, gorge, or ravine, Flintridge was named after its developer, United States Senator Frank P. Flint). Flintridge comprises the part of the city, covering the northern flank of the San Rafael Hills. The eastern part, even north of Foothill Blvd. was also originally considered Flintridge and is home to the Flintridge Riding Club. Reference to the city is often shortened to just La Cañada or seldomly to just Flintridge. The full city name specifically does not have a hyphen in it, in a 2015 issue of Forbes, La Cañada Flintridge ranked as the 121st most expensive U. S. city. La Cañada Flintridge is located at 34. 207721°N118. 206979°W /34.207721, the city is situated in the Crescenta Valley and far western end of the San Gabriel Valley. It is nestled between the San Gabriel Mountains and Angeles National Forest on the north, and in the San Rafael Hills on the south. Most of the city drains southeastward toward Pasadena to Arroyo Seco, both drainages join the Los Angeles River north of downtown Los Angeles. The city limits extend into the San Gabriel Mountains and reach 3440 feet along Mount Lukens Road, in August 2009, the city came under threat by the Station Fire. The city is home to Descanso Gardens and NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the climate of La Cañada Flintridge is typical of a Southern California inland valley, with mild winters and hot summers. Spring often has hazy days, in contrast to the more persistently clear weather of fall, on average, the warmest month is August with high temperatures in the low to mid 90s and lows in the low 70s. December and January are the coolest months with typical highs in the low 70s, rainfall occurs mostly during winter, averaging about 22 inches annually. The moderating influence of the ocean is limited due to the citys location inland from the intervening Santa Monica Mountains, the Verdugo Mountains, consequently, summers are generally hotter and winters often cooler than in coastal parts of metropolitan Los Angeles if winds are calm or blowing gently offshore. Summer and early fall temperatures are substantially cooler if the wind is persistently onshore. Occasionally during a storm, the upper elevations of the city may see trace amounts of snow
Flintridge, California
–
La Cañada Flintridge, the
Foothill Freeway, and, on the right, the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 2014
Flintridge, California
–
The Flintridge Biltmore Hotel around 1927. Now the Administration Building at the
Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy.
Flintridge, California
–
Panoramic view of
San Gabriel Mountains from La Canada Flintridge, 2012
Flintridge, California
–
Japanese Garden at
Descanso Gardens
35.
Walt Disney
–
Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors, several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing and he took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy, with Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success, he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons, the results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi, furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella and Mary Poppins, in the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland. In 1965, he began development of theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city. Disney was a smoker throughout his life, and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private and he had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic and his reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. Nevertheless, Disney is considered an icon, particularly in the United States. Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue and he was the fourth son of Elias Disney—born in the Province of Canada, to Irish parents—and Flora, an American of German and English descent. Aside from Disney, Elias and Calls sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy, in 1906, when Disney was four, the family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when he was paid to draw the horse of a neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, Disney also began to develop an ability to work with watercolors and crayons. He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line and he and his younger sister Ruth started school at the same time at the Park School in Marceline in late 1909. In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas City, Missouri, before long, he was spending more time at the Pfeiffers house than at home
Walt Disney
–
Disney in 1946
Walt Disney
–
Walt's parents, Elias and Flora (Call) Disney
Walt Disney
–
10-year-old Walt Disney (center right) at a gathering of Kansas City newsboys in 1912.
Walt Disney
–
Disney as an
ambulance driver immediately after World War I
36.
Carolwood Pacific Railroad
–
The Carolwood Pacific Railroad was a 7 1⁄4 in gauge, live steam backyard railroad, built by the American animated film producer and animator Walt Disney in the backyard of his home in Los Angeles. Walt Disneys uncle, Michael Martin, had been a locomotive engineer. As a teenager in Missouri, Disney had a job selling newspapers, candy, fruit, and soda on the Atchison, Topeka. Disney loved the uniform, the trains, the candy, and it was Disneys lifelong fascination with the railroad that in 1950 led to the building of the Carolwood Pacific Railroad. With his daughters and their friends happily in tow in his backyard, Disney would ride on his 1⁄2-mile -long,1 and this inspired him to include a railroad as the backbone of his family-oriented Disneyland theme park, which opened in Anaheim, California in 1955. Today, railroads and monorails are featured at many Walt Disney Company theme parks worldwide, in 1949, Walt Disney moved his family to 355 N. Carolwood Drive, adjacent to the still city-owned bridle trail and stream, in the Holmby Hills district of Los Angeles. The locomotive was patterned after the Central Pacific No, to keep the initials identical on the CPRR No. 173, he named his railroad the Carolwood Pacific, in reference to his location on Carolwood Drive. A total length of 2,615 feet of railway track circled the house, looped and crossed, with turnouts, gradients, a trestle 46-foot long, overpasses, and an elevated dirt berm. Lillian Disney was supportive of her husbands train hobby, although she vetoed a track through her flower beds, the tunnel would subsequently serve as the storage area for most of the rolling stock. Disney admired the beautiful proportions and overall appearance of Central Pacific No,173, which became the prototype of the 1, 8-scale live steam working model fabricated by Roger E. Broggie in the Walt Disney Studios machine shop. Southern Pacific draftsman David L Joslyn provided the drawings, based on the CPRR No. However, most of the precision machining was done by studio technicians, on each side of the cab, the locomotive was labeled Lilly Belle to honor his wife Lillian Disney. Like the prototype, the live steam locomotive was an American type with a 4-4-0 wheel arrangement. A miniature live steam engine of type is large enough for the engineer to ride upon the tender. Walt Disney controlled the track of his backyard Carolwood Pacific Railroad from a special barn, the barn also served as the storage facility for his caboose. The barn was also a place where Disney retreated when needing to relax or develop new ideas, herbie, I just want it to look like nothing else in the world. And it should be surrounded by a train, —Walt Disney The Lilly Belle first ran on the Carolwood Pacific Railroad on May 7,1950
Carolwood Pacific Railroad
–
The Lilly Belle on display at Disneyland Main Station in 1993; the caboose's woodwork was done entirely by Walt himself.
Carolwood Pacific Railroad
–
The original layout of Disney's backyard railroad. The "barn" is the small building at top left. Lillian Disney had the tracks removed several years after Walt's death and donated them to the Los Angeles Live Steamers, a group of steam train enthusiasts. The house, the footprint of which is shown here, was demolished in the late 1990s and replaced.
Carolwood Pacific Railroad
–
Replica of the Lilly Belle, put on display in Main Street Station after the original was removed. This engine was intended to be a 4-6-0 for the Carolwood Pacific, but the project was abandoned when work started on Disneyland. It was finished by Roger Broggie Jr. in 1995 as a display-only engine.
37.
Disneyland
–
Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17,1955. It is the theme park designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. It was originally the attraction on the property, its name was changed to Disneyland Park to distinguish it from the expanding complex in the 1990s. Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s. He initially envisioned building a tourist attraction adjacent to his studios in Burbank to entertain fans who wished to visit, however, after hiring a consultant to help him determine an appropriate site for his project, Disney bought a 160-acre site near Anaheim in 1953. Construction began in 1954 and the park was unveiled during a televised press event on the ABC Television Network on July 17,1955. Opened in 2001, Disney California Adventure Park was built on the site of Disneylands original parking lot, Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with over 650 million guests since it opened. In 2013, the park hosted approximately 16.2 million guests, according to a March 2005 Disney report,65,700 jobs are supported by the Disneyland Resort, including about 20,000 direct Disney employees and 3,800 third-party employees. To all who come to this place, Welcome. Here age relives fond memories of the past, and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the facts that have created America, with the hope that it will be a source of joy. The concept for Disneyland began when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park in Los Angeles with his daughters Diane and Sharon. While watching them ride the merry-go-round, he came up with the idea of a place where adults and their children could go and have fun together and he may have also been influenced by his fathers memories of the Worlds Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. Another likely influence was Benton Harbor, Michigans nationally famous House of Davids Eden Springs Park, Disney visited the park and ultimately bought one of the older miniature trains originally used there, the colony had the largest miniature railway setup in the world at the time. His ideas evolved to a play park with a boat ride. The initial concept, the Mickey Mouse Park, started with an 8-acre plot across Riverside Drive and his designers began working on concepts, though the project grew much larger than the land could hold. Disney hired Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute to gauge the proper area to locate the theme based on the areas potential growth. Based on Prices analysis, Disney acquired 160 acres of groves and walnut trees in Anaheim
Disneyland
Disneyland
–
Walt Disney (center) showing Orange County officials plans for Disneyland's layout, December 1954.
Disneyland
–
An aerial view of Disneyland in 1956, with the Disneyland Railroad route visible.
Disneyland
–
An aerial view of Disneyland in 2005
38.
Anaheim, California
–
Anaheim is a city in Orange County, California, part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County, Anaheim remained largely a rural community until Disneyland opened in the city in 1955. This led to the construction of hotels and motels around the area. The city also developed into a center, producing electronics, aircraft parts. Anaheims city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods, Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the citys eastern stretches that is home to many of the citys affluent. Downtown Anaheim has three historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. The Anaheim Resort, a district, includes Disneyland, Disney California Adventure. The Platinum Triangle, a redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets. Finally, Anaheim Canyon is a district north of California State Route 91. Anaheims name is a blend of Ana, after the nearby Santa Ana River, and heim, the city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Franconia in Bavaria. For $750 a share, the formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company. Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning home by the Santa Anna River in German, the name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán, although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making. The community set aside 40 acres for a center and a school was the first building erected there. The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870, for 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California. However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines, other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the railroad network in 1887. The famous Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz, Julian Sypniewski, while living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger
Anaheim, California
Anaheim, California
Anaheim, California
Anaheim, California
39.
Ward Kimball
–
Ward Walrath Kimball, born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was an animator for the Walt Disney Studios. He was one of Walt Disneys team of animators, known as Disneys Nine Old Men and he was also a jazz trombonist. He founded and led the seven-piece Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two, while Kimball was a brilliant draftsman, he preferred to work on comical characters rather than realistic human designs. Animating came easily to him and he was looking to do things differently. Because of this, Walt Disney called Ward a genius in the book The Story of Walt Disney, while there were many talented animators at Disney, Wards efforts stand out as unique. According to Jeff Lenburgs assessment of him, Kimball was a pioneer animator and his work had been honored with the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He served as one of Disneys Nine Old Men and he instilled life to diverse Disney characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Jiminy Cricket, the Cheshire Cat, the Mad Hatter, and Tweedledee and Tweedledum. Kimball attended the Santa Barbara School of the Arts in order to become a painter, Kimballs instructor at the school suggested to him that his work should be submitted to Walt Disney Productions, and that he should pursue a career in animation. In March 1934, a 20-year-old Kimball applied for a job at the Disney studio, in April 1934, he was hired as an inbetweener. He was then promoted to an assistant animator and he served as an assistant to animator Hamilton Luske. Kimball worked primarily in the Silly Symphony series, where his credits include the animated short films The Wise Little Hen, The Goddess of Spring, and The Tortoise. He also worked on the Mickey Mouse series, where his credits include the short film Orphans Benefit. In 1936, Kimball was promoted to an animator in his own right and he continued to work in the Silly Symphony series. Some of his credits in this position include the animated short films Toby Tortoise Returns, More Kittens. His first solo effort as an animator was animating a grasshopper turned musician in Woodland Café, Kimball was included in the team of animators known later as Disneys Nine Old Men, whose original task was animating Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The film was the first full-length animated feature film by the Disney studio, Kimball spend months working on the sequence animation for a scene where the Seven Dwarfs are eating soup, prepared for them by Snow White. Following the release of Snow White, Kimball was promoted to a supervising or directing animator and he would remain in this position until his retirement in the 1970s. His employer Walt Disney was sufficiently satisfied with Kimballs work that he entrusted him with designing new character Jiminy Cricket, the character was intended for use in the Disney studios next feature film, Pinocchio
Ward Kimball
–
Ward Kimball drawing Pecos Bill from
Melody Time
Ward Kimball
–
Emma Nevada locomotive at the
Orange Empire Railway Museum in Perris, California
Ward Kimball
–
The Ward Kimball pulls into New Orleans Square Station at Disneyland.
40.
Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum
–
The museum is located in Griffith Park in Los Angeles, California and is open from 11 a. m. to 3 p. m. every Sunday. In 1956, all of the locomotives were steam-powered, hence the name Live Steamers. Over the years, gasoline-powered models of locomotives and battery-electric locomotives. The museum operates a 7 1⁄2 in gauge railway on which these locomotives pull trains that the public can ride. The museum also has multiple railroad layouts with smaller gauge track, the barn, as well as a combine car from the first passenger train of the Disneyland Railroad, are located within the Los Angeles Live Steamers complex. Complementary public admission to these exhibits is available on the third Sunday of each month from 11 a. m. to 3 p. m. which coincides with LALS demonstrations of the steam plant. Docents and volunteers of the Carolwood Society are on hand to any questions, offer informal tours. Los Angeles Live Steamers official website Carolwood Pacific Historical Society
Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum
–
L.A. Live Steamers RR Museum signage at Griffith Park
41.
Narrow gauge railway
–
A narrow-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge narrower than the 1,435 mm of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm and 1,067 mm, narrow-gauge railways also have specialized use in mines and other environments where a very small structure gauge makes a very small loading gauge necessary. Narrow-gauge railways also have general applications. Many narrow-gauge street tramways are used, particularly in Europe, where 1,000 mm metre gauge tramways are common, the earliest recorded railway is shown in the De re metallica of 1556, which shows a mine in Bohemia with a railway of about 2 ft gauge. During the 16th century, railways were mainly restricted to hand-pushed narrow-gauge lines in mines throughout Europe, during the 17th century, mine railways were extended to provide transportation above ground. These lines were industrial, connecting mines with nearby transportation points and these railways were usually built to the same narrow gauge as the mine railways from which they developed. The worlds first steam locomotive on rails, built in 1802 by Richard Trevithick for the Coalbrookdale Company, during the 1820s and 1830s, a number of industrial narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom used steam locomotives. In 1842, the first narrow-gauge steam locomotive outside the UK was built for the 1,100 mm gauge Antwerp-Ghent Railway in Belgium, historically, many narrow-gauge railways were built as part of specific industrial enterprises and were primarily industrial railways rather than general carriers. Some common uses for these industrial narrow-gauge railways were mining, logging, construction, tunnelling, quarrying, extensive narrow-gauge networks were constructed in many parts of the world for these purposes. For example, mountain logging operations in the 19th century often used narrow-gauge railways to transport logs from mill sites to market, significant sugarcane railways still operate in Cuba, Fiji, Java, the Philippines, and Queensland. Narrow-gauge railway equipment remains in use for the construction of tunnels. Extensive narrow-gauge railway systems served the front-line trenches of both sides in World War I and they were a short-lived military application, and after the end of the war, the surplus equipment from these created a small boom in narrow gauge railway building in Europe. Narrow-gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. It is also used in populated areas where the potential demand is too low for broader gauge railways to be economically viable. This is the case in some of Australia and most of Southern Africa, the use of such railways has almost vanished due to the capabilities of modern trucks. In many countries, narrow gauge railways were built as feeder or branch lines to feed traffic to more important standard gauge lines, the choice was often not between a narrow-gauge railway and a standard gauge one, but between a narrow-gauge railway and none at all. Some bulk commodities, such as coal, ore, and gravel, can be transshipped, but this still incurs time penalties
Narrow gauge railway
–
Woodcut from
De re metallica showing narrow gauge railway in mine, 1556
Narrow gauge railway
–
Minimum
Narrow gauge railway
–
A train at Bad Bubendorf station on the 750 mm (2 ft 5 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauge
Waldenburgerbahn between
Liestal and
Waldenburg in Switzerland [1]
Narrow gauge railway
–
The 3 ft (914 mm) gauge
Disneyland Railroad in
California
42.
Julian, California
–
Julian is a census-designated place in San Diego County, California, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,502, Julian is an official California Historical Landmark. Also, the Julian townsite and surrounding area is defined by the San Diego County Zoning Ordinance Section 5749 as the Julian Historic District, the hallmark of Julian is apple pie. The town was named by Drue Bailey after his cousin Mike Julian, the first European settlers were Cockney Bill Williams from England and John Wesley Horrell, who both arrived in the area in 1850 or 1851. After the American Civil War, in 1869, A. E. Fred Coleman, seeing a glint of gold in the stream bed, he climbed down from his horse to investigate. Having had previous experience in the fields, he retrieved his frying pan and began panning the sands of the creek. Soon thereafter Coleman established the Coleman Mining District and was its recorder, learning of the find, others rushed to the district and tried to trace the gold to its source. On February 22,1870, the first lode, or hard rock, since February 22 was President George Washingtons birthday, the mine was named the Washington mine. Soon hundreds of men and families were rushing to Julian to stake their claims. Julian experienced a rush and became a tent city overnight. In April 1870, the areas first saw mill was set up, attempts to build rival mining towns at Coleman City, Branson City and Eastwood were defeated. Owners of the Cuyamaca rancho Land Grant claimed Julian and its mines were within the Rancho boundaries, in 1873, the courts ruled that the Rancho did not include Julian and the mines. While the miners were trying to wrestle the gold from deep within the earth, the fruit trees flourished in the clear, fresh air. Apples are still a big product in Julian, many of which are used for making the world-famous Julian apple pies, of the 55 blacks living in San Diego County during the 1880 census,33 lived in the Julian area. In recent decades Julian has become a quaint mountain resort, the town narrowly escaped destruction in the 2003 Cedar Fire that burned much of the surrounding area. Julian is located in a mixed pine-oak woodland at 33°4′15″N 116°35′8″W,4,235 feet above sea level, precipitation averages 26 inches per year, notably higher than rainfall totals in coastal and desert areas of San Diego County, due to the orographic effect. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has an area of 7.8 square miles. Soils in and around Julian are mostly brown, slightly to moderately acidic sandy loams which are well drained
Julian, California
–
Main Street in Julian
Julian, California
–
Julian community limit
Julian, California
–
California
State Route 78 and
79 in Julian
43.
Railroad tie
–
A railroad tie/railway tie/crosstie or railway sleeper is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks. Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer loads to the track ballast and subgrade, hold the rails upright, railroad ties are traditionally made of wood, but pre-stressed concrete is now also widely used, especially in Europe and Asia. Steel ties are common on secondary lines in the UK, plastic composite ties are also employed, as of January 2008, the approximate market share in North America for traditional and wood ties was 91. 5%, the remainder being concrete, steel, azobé and plastic composite. Approximately 3,520 wooden crossties are used per mile of railroad track in the US,2,640 per mile on main lines in the UK. The type of railroad tie used on the predecessors of the first true railway consisted of a pair of stone blocks laid into the ground, one advantage of this method of construction was that it allowed horses to tread the middle path without the risk of tripping. In railway use with heavier locomotives, it was found that it was hard to maintain the correct gauge. The stone blocks were in any case unsuitable on soft ground, such as at Chat Moss, bi-block ties with a tie rod are somewhat similar. Historically wooden rail ties were made by hewing with an axe, a variety of softwood and hardwoods timbers are used as ties, oak, jarrah and karri being popular hardwoods, although increasingly difficult to obtain, especially from sustainable sources. Sometimes non-toxic preservatives are used, such as copper azole or micronized copper, New boron-based wood preserving technology is being employed by major US railroads in a dual treatment process in order to extend the life of wood ties in wet areas. Some timbers are durable enough that they can be used untreated, problems with wooden ties include rot, splitting, insect infestation, plate-cutting, also known as chair shuffle in the UK and spike-pull. For more information on wooden ties the Railway Tie Association maintains a website devoted to wood tie research. Wooden ties can, of course, catch fire, as they age they develop cracks that allow sparks to lodge so that they catch fire more easily, concrete ties are cheaper and easier to obtain than timber and better able to carry higher axle-weights and sustain higher speeds. Their greater weight ensures improved retention of track geometry, especially when installed with continuous-welded rail, concrete ties have a longer service life and require less maintenance than timber due to their greater weight, which helps them remain in the correct position longer. Concrete ties need to be installed on a well-prepared subgrade with a depth on free-draining ballast to perform well. Concrete ties amplify wheel noise, so wooden ties are used in densely populated areas. On the highest categories of line in the UK, pre-stressed concrete ties are the only permitted by Network Rail standards. Steel ties are formed from pressed steel and are trough-shaped in section, the ends of the tie are shaped to form a spade which increases the lateral resistance of the tie. Housings to accommodate the system are welded to the upper surface of the tie
Railroad tie
–
Wooden ties are used on many traditional railways. In the background is a track with concrete ties.
Railroad tie
–
Stone block from the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway.
Railroad tie
–
A variant fastening of rails to wooden ties
Railroad tie
–
Concrete ties on the
BNSF line north of
Yakima, Washington
44.
John Lasseter
–
He is also the Principal Creative Advisor for Walt Disney Imagineering. Lasseter began his career as an animator with The Walt Disney Company, after being fired from Disney for promoting computer animation, he joined Lucasfilm, where he worked on the then-groundbreaking use of CGI animation. The Graphics Group of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm was sold to Steve Jobs, Lasseter oversees all of Pixars films and associated projects as executive producer. In addition, he directed Toy Story, A Bugs Life, Toy Story 2, Cars and he is currently directing Toy Story 4, scheduled for a 2019 release. Since 2007, Lasseter also oversees all of Walt Disney Animation Studios films and he has won two Academy Awards, for Animated Short Film, as well as a Special Achievement Award. Lasseter was born in Hollywood, California and his mother, Jewell Mae, was an art teacher at Bell Gardens High School, and his father, Paul Eual Lasseter, was a parts manager at a Chevrolet dealership. Lasseter is a twin, his sister Johanna Lasseter-Curtis, who became a baker based in the Lake Tahoe area, is six minutes older. Lasseter grew up in Whittier, California and his mothers profession contributed to his growing preoccupation with animation. He often drew cartoons during church services at the Church of Christ his family attended, as a child, Lasseter would race home from school to watch Chuck Jones cartoons on television. While in high school, he read The Art of Animation by Bob Thomas, the book covered the history of Disney animation and explored the making of Disneys 1959 film Sleeping Beauty, which made Lasseter realize he wanted to do animation himself. When he saw Disneys 1963 film The Sword in the Stone, Lasseters higher education began at Pepperdine University, which was the alma mater of his parents and his siblings. However, he heard of a new animation program at the California Institute of the Arts. During his time there, he produced two animated shorts — Lady and the Lamp and Nitemare — which both won the student Academy Award for Animation. Upon graduating in 1979, Lasseter immediately obtained a job as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation mostly due to his success with Lady and the Lamp. In the fall of 1979, Disney animator Mel Shaw told the Los Angeles Times that Johns got a feel for character and movement. In time, hell make a fine contribution, up to that time, the studio had used a multiplane camera to add depth to its animation. He knew adding dimension to animation had been a dream of animators. Lasseter and his colleagues unknowingly stepped on some of their direct superiors toes by circumventing them in their enthusiasm to get the project into motion, a few minutes after the meeting, Lasseter was summoned by Hansen to his office
John Lasseter
–
Lasseter in 2002
John Lasseter
–
John Lasseter with
George Lucas at the
Venice Film Festival in
2009.
John Lasseter
–
John Lasseter with his wife Nancy Lasseter at the 2006
Annie Awards red carpet at the
Alex Theatre in
Glendale, California.
45.
Pixar
–
Pixar, also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, Pixar has produced seventeen feature films, beginning with Toy Story, which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film, and its most recent being Finding Dory. All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an A−, the studio has also produced several short films. As of October 2016, its films have earned approximately $10.8 billion at the box office worldwide. Fourteen of Pixars films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time, the studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. Monsters, Inc. and Cars are the two films that were nominated for the award without winning it, while Cars 2, Monsters University, The Good Dinosaur. Up and Toy Story 3 were also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios Beauty. Luxo Jr. a character from the studios 1986 short film of the name, is the studios mascot. The award was presented by Lucasfilms founder George Lucas, Schure kept pouring money into the computer graphics lab, an estimated $15 million, giving the group everything they desired and drove NYIT into serious financial troubles. During the following months, they resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious. He was then reunited with Alvy Ray Smith, who made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques—in particular the invention of the alpha channel, Years later, the CGL produced a few frames of an experimental film called The Works. In 1982, the team working on special effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheeses Pizza Time Theatres company, only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas movie for NBC starring Chuck E. The animation movement would be made using Tweening instead of cel animation. After the North American Video Game Crash of 1983, Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat, sente Technologies would be sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope would be sold to LucasFilm. The Kadabrascope assets s would be combined with the Computer Division of LucasFilm, PTT would later be sold to ShowBiz Pizza Place, a competitor, in 1985. Amongst the 38 remaining employees, there were also Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim and Bill Reeves, Tom Duff, also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation
Pixar
–
Pixar's headquarters in Emeryville
Pixar
–
A Pixar Computer photographed at the
Computer History Museum with the 1986–1995 logo on it.
Pixar
–
John Lasseter appears with characters from
Up at the 2009
Venice Film Festival.
Pixar
–
Career
46.
Disneyland Railroad
–
Its route is 1.2 miles in length and encircles the vast majority of the park, with stations in the Main Street, U. S. A. New Orleans Square, Mickeys Toontown, and Tomorrowland sections, the rail line, which was built by WED Enterprises, is operated with two steam locomotives built by WED Enterprises and three historic steam locomotives originally built by Baldwin Locomotive Works. Its trains take around eighteen minutes to complete a trip on its main line when three trains are running and twenty minutes when four trains are running. A minimum of two trains and a maximum of four trains are in daily, and three trains are in service on a typical day. The Disneyland Railroad opened to the public for the first time on July 17,1955, with an estimated 6.6 million passengers served each year, the DRR has become one of the worlds most popular steam-powered railroads. The DRR temporarily closed on January 11,2016 to accommodate the construction of Star Wars Land and is scheduled to reopen in summer 2017, Walt Disney, the creator of the concepts for Disneyland and the Disneyland Railroad, always had a strong fondness for trains. As a teenager, he obtained a job as a butcher on the Missouri Pacific Railway, selling various products to train passengers including newspapers, candy. Starting in late 1947, he began to develop an interest in model trains after purchasing several Lionel train sets,173, a steam locomotive rebuilt by the Central Pacific Railroad in 1872. The Lilly Belle first ran on the Carolwood Pacific Railroad on May 7,1950, Broggie, believing that there would be limited visitor capacity for the attraction, recommended to Disney that he make the train bigger in scale. After financing for Disneyland was secured and all of the parcels of land at the Anaheim site were purchased, construction of the park, the DRR was known by that name until September 30,1974 when the AT&SF Railways sponsorship ended. The No.2 locomotive would pull six 1890s-style passenger cars designed by Bob Gurr, consisting of a car, four coaches. The No.1 locomotive would pull six freight cars consisting of three cars, two gondolas, and a caboose. Both locomotives were designed to run on oil for fuel to generate steam. The two original DRR trains cost over US$240,000 to build, with the two locomotives costing over US$40,000 each. Before the opening of Disneyland, a station in the Main Street, U. S. A. section, besides the depot building, the DRRs functioning water tower was also built at Frontierland Station. S. Vilmer designed the operations of the DRR in such a way that each of its two trains would be assigned to a station on the rail line, making only complete round trips possible. The Retlaw 1 passenger train pulled by the No.2 locomotive only serviced Main Street, Station while the Retlaw 2 freight train pulled by the No. The first test run of the DRRs trains along the length of its route occurred on July 10,1955
Disneyland Railroad
–
Walt Disney's
Carolwood Pacific Railroad #173 Lilly Belle miniature live steam locomotive on display at Disneyland Main Street Station in 1993, before its replacement by a replica. Disney's railroad hobby was the inspiration for the Disneyland Railroad. Walt Disney's original is now on display at the
Walt Disney Family Museum.
Disneyland Railroad
–
Attraction Poster
Disneyland Railroad
–
Artist
Delmer J. Yoakum (left) painting the Grand Canyon diorama in 1955
Disneyland Railroad
–
A view of the Main Street
railroad depot at the time of the park's fiftieth anniversary. The building is in the
Queen Anne style with
mansard roofs,
widow's walks,
dormers, and a
clock tower.
47.
Brad Bird
–
Phillip Bradley Brad Bird is an American director, screenwriter, animator, producer and occasional voice actor, known for both animated and live-action films. Bird developed a love for the art of animation at an age and was mentored by Milt Kahl. He was part of one of the earliest graduating classes of the California Institute of the Arts alongside John Lasseter, afterwards, Bird worked as an animator for Disney and wrote the screenplay for Batteries Not Included. Bird served as a consultant on The Simpsons during its first eight seasons. Afterwards, Bird left to direct his first animated feature, The Iron Giant and he rejoined Lasseter at Pixar in 2000, where he would develop his second picture, The Incredibles, and his third picture, Ratatouille. Both films place among Pixars highest-grossing features and gave Bird two Academy Award for Best Animated Feature wins and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay nominations. In 2011, Bird transitioned to live-action filmmaking with Mission, Impossible – Ghost Protocol and his latest film, Tomorrowland, starring George Clooney, was released in May 2015. Bird was born in Kalispell, Montana, the youngest of four children of Marjorie A. and Philip Cullen Bird. His father worked in the business, and his grandfather, Francis Wesley Frank Bird. On a tour of the Walt Disney Studios at age 11, he announced that someday he would part of its animation team. Within two years, Bird had completed his animation, which impressed the cartoon company, by age 14, barely in high school, Bird was mentored by the animator Milt Kahl, one of Disneys legendary Nine Old Men. Bird recalls Kahls criticisms as ideal, Kahl would point out shortcomings by gently delivering thoughts on where Bird could improve, after graduating from Corvallis High School in Corvallis, Oregon in 1975, Bird took a three-year break. He was then awarded a scholarship by Disney to attend California Institute of the Arts, upon graduating from the California Institute of the Arts, Bird began working for Disney. His tenure with Disney was brief, and he left the company shortly after working on The Fox and he next worked on animated television series, with much shorter lead times. He was the creator of the Family Dog episode of Steven Spielbergs Amazing Stories, in addition, Bird co-wrote the screenplay for the live-action film Batteries Not Included. In 1989, Bird joined Klasky Csupo, where he helped to develop The Simpsons from one-minute shorts on The Tracey Ullman Show into a series of half-hour programs, in 1990, he directed the episode Krusty Gets Busted and co-directed the Season Three episode Like Father, Like Clown. He served as a consultant for the show for its first eight seasons. Also while at Klasky Csupo, he was one of the animators of the Rugrats pilot Tommy Pickles and he worked on several other animated television series, including The Critic and King of the Hill, before pitching Warner Brothers to write and direct the animated film The Iron Giant
Brad Bird
–
Bird at the Venice Film Festival, September 2009
