1.
Lowell, Massachusetts
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Lowell is a city in the US Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Located in Middlesex County, Lowell served as a county seat until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999, with an estimated population of 109,945 in 2014, it is the fourth-largest city in Massachusetts, and the second-largest in the Boston metropolitan statistical area. The city is part of a smaller Massachusetts statistical area called Greater Lowell. Incorporated in 1826 to serve as a town, Lowell was named after Francis Cabot Lowell. The city became known as the cradle of the American Industrial Revolution, due to a series of textile mills. Many of the Lowells historic manufacturing sites were later preserved by the National Park Service to create Lowell National Historical Park, during the Cambodian genocide, the city took in an influx of refugees, leading to a Cambodia Town and Americas second-largest Cambodian-American population. Lowell is home to two higher schools, the University of Massachusetts Lowell and Middlesex Community College. As Lowells population grew, it acquired land from neighboring towns, many of the men who composed the labor force for constructing the canals and factories had immigrated from Ireland, escaping the poverty and Potato Famines of the 1830s and 1840s. The mill workers, young women called Mill Girls, generally came from the farm families of New England. By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States, the textile industry wove cotton produced in the South. In 1860, there were more spindles in Lowell than in all eleven states combined that would form the Confederacy. Yet the city did not simply finish raw materials produced in the American South, the city continued to thrive as a major industrial center during the 19th century, attracting more migrant workers and immigrants to its mills. Next were the Catholic Germans, followed by an influx of French Canadians during the 1870s and 1880s. Later waves of immigrants included Portuguese, Polish, Lithuanians, Swedes, Greeks and they came to work in Lowell and settled in ethnic neighborhoods, with the citys population reaching almost 50% foreign-born by 1900. By the time World War I broke out in Europe, the city had reached its economic, in 1885 was founded the Lowell Co-operative Bank, today Sage Bank, one of the oldest still functioning banks in Massachusetts. The Mill Cities manufacturing base declined as companies began to relocate to the South in the 1920s, the city fell into hard times, and was even referred to as a depressed industrial desert by Harpers Magazine in 1931, as the Great Depression worsened. At this time, more than one-third of its population was on relief, several years later, the mills were reactivated, making parachutes and other military necessities for the World War II effort. However, this economic boost was short-lived and the years saw the last textile plants close
2.
Michael Dukakis
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Michael Stanley Dukakis is an American politician who served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts, from 1975 to 1979 and 1983 to 1991 respectively. He is the governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek-American governor in U. S. history. He was nominated by the Democratic Party for president in the 1988 election, Dukakis was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. His father Panos was a Greek immigrant from Adramyttion, in Asia Minor, Panos Dukakis settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1912, and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. Dukakis mother Euterpe was an Aromanian Greek immigrant from Larissa, in Thessaly, she and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1913. Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown, where he was a student and a member of the basketball, baseball, tennis. As a 17- year-old senior in school, he ran the Boston Marathon. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955 with a B. A. in history, although Dukakis had been accepted into Harvard Law School, he chose to enlist in the United States Army. After basic training at Fort Dix and advanced training at Camp Gordon, he was assigned as radio operator to the 8020th Administrative Unit in Munsan. The unit was a group to the United Nations delegation of the Military Armistice Commission Dukakis served from 1955 to 1957. He then received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1960, Dukakis is also an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. Dukakis began his career as an elected Town Meeting Member in the town of Brookline. Dukakis won in part by promising to be a reformer and pledging a lead pipe guarantee of no new taxes to balance the state budget and he would later reverse his position after taking office. He also pledged to dismantle the powerful Metropolitan District Commission, an enclave that served as home to hundreds of political patronage employees. The MDC managed state parks, reservoirs, and waterways, as well as the highways, in addition to its own police force, the MDC had its own maritime patrol force, and an enormous budget from the state, for which it provided minimal accounting. Dukakis efforts to dismantle the MDC failed in the legislature, where the MDC had many powerful supporters, as a result, the MDC would withhold its critical backing of Dukakis in the 1978 gubernatorial primary. Governor Dukakis hosted President Gerald Ford and Britains Queen Elizabeth II during their visits to Boston in 1976 to commemorate the bicentennial of the United States, Dukakis is also remembered for his 1977 exoneration of Sacco and Vanzetti, two Italian anarchists whose trial sparked protests around the world. During his first term in office, Dukakis commuted the sentences of 21 first-degree murderers and 23 second-degree murderers, due to controversy engendered by some of these individuals having re-offended, Dukakis curtailed the practice later, issuing no commutations in his last three years as governor
3.
Greek Americans
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Greek Americans are Americans of full or partial Greek ancestry. About 1.3 million American people are of Greek descent, although there are estimates that raise this number to 3 million, and 321,144 people older than five spoke Greek at home in 2010. Greek Americans have the highest concentrations in the New York City, Boston, and Chicago regions, in 2000, Tarpon Springs, Florida was home to the highest per capita representation of Greek Americans in the country. The United States is home to the largest overseas Greek community, ahead of Australia, Cyprus, Albania, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The first Greek known to have been to what is now the United States was Don Theodoro and he died during the expedition, as did most of his companions. In 1592, Greek captain Juan de Fuca sailed up the Pacific coast under the Spanish flag and he reported discovering a body of water, a strait which today bears his name, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, which today forms part of the Canada–United States border. About 500 Greeks from Smyrna, Crete, and Mani settled in New Smyrna Beach, the colony was unsuccessful, and the settlers moved to St. Augustine in 1776. The St Photios Greek Chapel exists as a remnant of their presence, the first significant Greek community to develop was in New Orleans, Louisiana during the 1850s. By 1866, the community was numerous and prosperous enough to have a Greek consulate, during that period, most Greek immigrants to the New World came from Asia Minor and those Aegean Islands still under Ottoman rule. Most of these immigrants had come from southern Greece, especially from the Peloponnesian provinces of Laconia and Arcadia, each wave of immigration contributed to the growth of Hellenism in the U. S. Greek immigration at this time was over 90% male, contrasted with most other European immigration to the U. S. such as Italian and Irish immigration, many Greek immigrants expected to work and return to their homeland after earning capital and dowries for their families. The Greeks were de jure denaturalized from their homelands and lost the right to return, and their families were made refugees. Fewer than 30,000 Greek immigrants arrived in the U. S. between 1925 and 1945, most of whom were picture brides for single Greek men and family members coming over to join relatives. The events of the early 1920s also provided the stimulus for the first permanent national Greek American religious, Greeks again began to arrive in large numbers after 1945, fleeing the economic devastation caused by World War II and the Greek Civil War. From 1946 until 1982, approximately 211,000 Greeks emigrated to the United States and these later immigrants were less influenced by the powerful assimilation pressures of the 1920s and 1930s and revitalized Greek American identity, especially in areas such as Greek-language media. Greek immigrants founded more than 600 diners in the New York metropolitan area in the 1950s through the 1970s, immigration to the United States from Greece peaked between the 1950s and 1970. After the 1981 admission of Greece to the European Union, annual U. S. immigration numbers fell to less than 2,000, in recent years, Greek immigration to the United States has been minimal, in fact, net migration has been towards Greece. Over 72,000 U. S. citizens currently live in Greece, the predominant religion among Greeks and Greek Americans is Greek Orthodox Christianity
4.
Bertolt Brecht
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Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director of the 20th century. Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was born in February 1898 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Brechts mother was a devout Protestant and his father a Catholic. The modest house where he was born is preserved as a Brecht Museum. His father worked for a mill, becoming its managing director in 1914. Thanks to his mothers influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would have an effect on his writing. From her, too, came the image of the self-denying woman that recurs in his drama. Brechts home life was comfortably middle class, despite what his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins implied, at school in Augsburg he met Caspar Neher, with whom he formed a lifelong creative partnership. Neher designed many of the sets for Brechts dramas and helped to forge the distinctive visual iconography of their epic theatre, when Brecht was 16, the First World War broke out. Initially enthusiastic, Brecht soon changed his mind on seeing his classmates swallowed by the army and his expulsion was only prevented through the intervention of his religion teacher. On his fathers recommendation, Brecht sought a loophole by registering for a course at Munich University. There he studied drama with Arthur Kutscher, who inspired in the young Brecht an admiration for the iconoclastic dramatist, from July 1916, Brechts newspaper articles began appearing under the new name Bert Brecht. Brecht was drafted into service in the autumn of 1918, only to be posted back to Augsburg as a medical orderly in a military VD clinic. In July 1919, Brecht and Paula Banholzer had a son, some time in either 1920 or 1921, Brecht took a small part in the political cabaret of the Munich comedian Karl Valentin. Brechts diaries for the few years record numerous visits to see Valentin perform. Brecht compared Valentin to Charlie Chaplin, for his virtually complete rejection of mimicry and he did short sketches in which he played refractory employees, orchestral musicians or photographers, who hated their employers and made them look ridiculous. The employer was played by his partner, Liesl Karlstadt, a popular woman comedian who used to pad herself out, anyone can be creative, he quipped, its rewriting other people thats a challenge. Brecht completed his second play, Drums in the Night. Between November 1921 and April 1922 Brecht made acquaintance with many people in the Berlin cultural scene
5.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
6.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
7.
British Academy of Film and Television Arts
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The British Academy of Film and Television Arts is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom. David Lean was the founding Chairman of the Academy, the first Film Awards ceremony took place in May 1949 and honouring the films The Best Years of Our Lives, Odd Man Out and The World Is Rich. In 2005, it placed a cap on worldwide voting membership which now stands at approximately 6,500. BAFTA has offices in Scotland and Wales in the UK, in Los Angeles and New York in the United States and runs events in Hong Kong, amanda Berry OBE has been chief executive of the organisation since December 2000. Many of these events are free to online at BAFTA Guru. BAFTA runs a number of programmes across the UK, US. Launched in 2012, the UK programme enables talented British citizens who are in need of support to take an industry-recognised course in film. Each BAFTA Scholar receives up to £12,000 towards their annual course fees, since 2013, three students every year have received one of the Prince William Scholarships in Film, Television and Games, supported by BAFTA and Warner Bros. These scholarships are awarded in the name of in his role as President of BAFTA, since 2015, BAFTA has been offering scholarships for British citizens to study in China, vice versa. BAFTA presents awards for film, television and games, including entertainment, at a number of annual ceremonies across the UK and in Los Angeles. The BAFTA award trophy is a mask, designed by American sculptor Mitzi Cunliffe. Todays BAFTA award – including the mask and marble base – weighs 3.7 kg and measures 27 cm x 14 cm x 8 cm. BAFTAs annual film awards ceremony is known as the British Academy Film Awards, or the BAFTAs, in 1949 the British Film Academy, as it was then known, presented the first awards for films made in 1947 and 1948. Since 2008 the ceremony has held at the Royal Opera House in Londons Covent Garden. It had been held in the Odeon cinema on Leicester Square since 2000, the ceremony had been performed during April or May of each year, but since 2002 it has been held in February to precede the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Awards, or Oscars. They have been awarded annually since 1954, the first ever ceremony consisted of six categories. Until 1958, they were awarded by the Guild of Television Producers and Directors, from 1968 until 1997, BAFTAs Film and Television Awards were presented together, but from 1998 onwards they were presented at two separate ceremonies. The Television Craft Awards celebrate the talent behind the programmes, such as working in visual effects, production
8.
Moonstruck
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Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a widowed 37-year-old Italian-American woman who falls in love with her fiancés estranged, hot-tempered younger brother, vincent Gardenia and Olympia Dukakis play supporting roles. The film was released on December 16,1987 in New York City, receiving largely positive reviews from critics, it went on to gross $91.6 million at the North American box office, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of that year. Moonstruck was nominated for six Oscars at the 60th Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress, Johnny asks Loretta to invite his estranged younger brother Ronny to the wedding. Loretta returns home and informs her parents of the engagement, the next day, Loretta goes to see Ronny at his bakery. Ronny reacts furiously and passionately, kissing Loretta and then carrying her to his bed where they make love, at the same time, Cosmo is dining with his mistress Mona and giving her jewelry. That evening, Roses brother Raymond and his wife Rita join Rose and Cosmo for dinner, and they all wonder where Loretta is. Raymond recalls that when he was a boy and Cosmo was courting Rose and that night, Loretta remains at Ronnys apartment and sees such a moon, Raymond sees it as well, and it leads him and Rita to make love. The next morning, Loretta tells Ronny they can never see each other again and she slaps him when he claims to be in love with her and he agrees to never see her again if she will attend the opera with him that night. She then goes to church and confesses her infidelity and she unexpectedly sees her mother there, and Rose tells her that Cosmo is having an affair, Loretta is doubtful. Loretta then goes to Raymond and Ritas store to close out the register, after which she impulsively goes to the hair salon. Loretta and Ronny meet at Lincoln Center, and each is impressed with the others appearance, Loretta is deeply moved by her first opera, Puccinis La bohème. But as they leave, Loretta sees Cosmo and Mona, and he sees that she is with Ronny, and he suggests that they simply agree that they didnt see each other at all, but Loretta is conflicted. Loretta then intends to return alone, but Ronny leads her back to his apartment where he passionately and desperately persuades her into another tryst. Rose invites Perry to dine with her, asks him why men pursue women, Perry walks Rose home and tries to convince her to invite him in, she refuses because Im married. Later, Johnny unexpectedly returns from Sicily after his mothers recovery and goes to Lorettas house, Rose explains that shes not there. He tells her it may be because they fear death, with which Rose agrees, after this exchange he leaves, planning to return in the morning to see Loretta. In the morning, Loretta returns home in a reverie but is distressed to learn from Rose that Johnny will be there soon
9.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
10.
Tales of the City (miniseries)
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Tales of the City is a 1993 television miniseries based on the first of the Tales of the City series of novels by Armistead Maupin. Channel 4 eventually teamed up with the American cable network Showtime to produce the sequel, More Tales of the City, the third instalment of the series, Further Tales of the City was produced by Showtime and was originally aired in the US on Showtime in May 2001. Armistead Maupin himself then revealed that meetings had taken place. Premium cable channel HBO acquired the rights to the first two Tales of the City books in 1982 in the hopes of turning them into a weekly sitcom, pre-production began in the fall of that year with a pilot script by Richard Kramer. Kramer described the script as a Mary Tyler Moore for the 80s, the channel considered toning down the stories and making the series a period piece but ultimately decided to scrap the project. The series was revived for PBS, which aired it in 1993. Kevin Tierney, a Canadian producer of films for Showtime with his firm Productions La Fete. More Tales and Further Tales were produced in Montreal by Productions La Fete and directed by Pierre Gang, some of the cast of the sequel series remained constant, although other roles were cast or recast with Canadian actors. The miniseries premiered on Channel 4 in the UK on 28 September 1993, amid the controversy surrounding the homosexual themes, nudity, and illicit drug use in the miniseries, Tales of the City gave PBS its highest ratings ever for a dramatic programme. In deference to local standards, PBS gave stations the option of showing a version in which male and female body parts were obscured by pixelation. The original six-part miniseries was produced by Britains Channel 4 Television Corporation in conjunction with San Franciscos PBS station KQED and PBS American Playhouse. In addition, Thomas Gibson reprised his Tales role as Beauchamp Day in More Tales and Mary Kay Place, parker Posey, who played Mary Anns high school friend Connie Bradshaw in the first series, appears briefly in both the second and third installments. In More Tales of the City, Paul Hopkins was cast in the role of Mouse, Whip Hubley played Brian, Hopkins and Hubley returned for Further Tales of the City. Armistead Maupin himself made cameo appearances in all three miniseries, regarding the recasts of Brian, Mouse and Mona for the sequels, Maupin has said, Paul Gross was committed to his own TV series, Due South. Despite the rumors, it is not true that Marcus DAmico wasnt invited back because of surrounding his sexuality. The production team met with Marcus and he expressed ambivalence about returning to the role of Mouse, the director felt it was important to find someone who would enthusiastically embrace the role. In 2005, Entertainment Weekly named Tales of the City one of the ten best miniseries on DVD, events in Tales of the City, like the disappearance of Norman Neal Williams, are resolved, and Mrs. Madrigal reveals her secret to her tenants. In the miniseries, Mother Mucca visits and introduces Mrs. Madrigal to a handsome, older man, there is also a new plot line for Connie Bradshaw which did not feature in the original novel
11.
Joan of Arc (miniseries)
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Joan of Arc is a 1999 two-part television miniseries about the 15th century Catholic saint of the same name. The film stars Leelee Sobieski as Saint Joan, a joint production of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and Alliance Atlantis Communications, the film was shown internationally in 1999. The miniseries received thirteen Primetime Emmy Awards nominations and four Golden Globe Award nominations, the miniseries tells the story of Joan of Arc, from her birth in 1412 until her death in 1431. Joan of Arc is born in 1412 in the village of Domrémy in the war zone of Northern France, during her youth she often witnesses the horrors of war, but her spirit is kept high by the legend of the Maiden of Lorraine. This says that a young maiden one day will unite the divided country and lead the people to freedom
12.
Greeks
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The Greeks or Hellenes are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Turkey, Sicily, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world, many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor, other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church, the Greeks speak the Greek language, which forms its own unique branch within the Indo-European family of languages, the Hellenic. They are part of a group of ethnicities, described by Anthony D. Smith as an archetypal diaspora people. Both migrations occur at incisive periods, the Mycenaean at the transition to the Late Bronze Age, the Mycenaeans quickly penetrated the Aegean Sea and, by the 15th century BC, had reached Rhodes, Crete, Cyprus and the shores of Asia Minor. Around 1200 BC, the Dorians, another Greek-speaking people, followed from Epirus, the Dorian invasion was followed by a poorly attested period of migrations, appropriately called the Greek Dark Ages, but by 800 BC the landscape of Archaic and Classical Greece was discernible. The Greeks of classical antiquity idealized their Mycenaean ancestors and the Mycenaean period as an era of heroes, closeness of the gods. The Homeric Epics were especially and generally accepted as part of the Greek past, as part of the Mycenaean heritage that survived, the names of the gods and goddesses of Mycenaean Greece became major figures of the Olympian Pantheon of later antiquity. The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC, the works of Homer and Hesiod were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period, the classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC. It is so named because it set the standards by which Greek civilization would be judged in later eras, the Peloponnesian War, the large scale civil war between the two most powerful Greek city-states Athens and Sparta and their allies, left both greatly weakened. Many Greeks settled in Hellenistic cities like Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia, two thousand years later, there are still communities in Pakistan and Afghanistan, like the Kalash, who claim to be descended from Greek settlers. The Hellenistic civilization was the period of Greek civilization, the beginnings of which are usually placed at Alexanders death. This Hellenistic age, so called because it saw the partial Hellenization of many non-Greek cultures and this age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi, Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important factor in maintaining Greek identity was contact with barbarian peoples and this led to a strong desire among Greeks to organize the transmission of the Hellenic paideia to the next generation
13.
Population exchange between Greece and Turkey
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It involved approximately 2 million people, most of whom were forcibly made refugees and de jure denaturalized from their homelands. By the end of 1922, the vast majority of native Asia Minor Greeks had fled the recent Greek genocide, according to some calculations, during the autumn of 1922, around 900,000 Greeks had arrived in Greece. According to Fridtjof Nansen in 1922 before the stage, of the 900,000 Greek refugees 300,000 were from Eastern Thrace or 33%. The Greek-Turkish population exchange was a result of the Turkish War of Independence, two weeks after the treaty, the Allied Powers turned over Istanbul to the Nationalists, marking the final departure of occupation armies from Anatolia. The state of Turkey was headed by Mustafa Kemals Peoples Party, the Greco-Turkish War left many of the settlements plundered and in ruins. After the Balkan Wars, Greece had almost doubled its territory, with this newly annexed population, the proportion of non-Greek minority groups in Greece rose to 13%, and following the end of the First World War, it had increased to 20%. Most of the populations in these annexed territories were Muslim. This is particularly true in the case of ethnic Albanians who inhabited the region of Albania. During the deliberations held at Lausanne, the question of exactly who was Greek, Greek and Albanian representatives determined that the Albanians in Greece, who mostly lived in the northwestern part of the state, were not all mixed, and were distinguishable from the Turks. The government in Ankara still expected a thousand Turkish-speakers from the Çamëria to arrive in Anatolia for settlement in Erdek, Ayvalık, Menteşe, Antalya, Senkile, Mersin, and Adana. Ultimately, the Greek authorities decided to deport thousands of Muslims from Thesprotia, Larissa, Langadas, Drama, Vodina, Serres, Edessa, Florina, Kilkis, Kavala, between 1923 and 1930, the infusion of these refugees into Turkey would dramatically alter Anatolian society. By 1927, Turkish officials had settled 32,315 individuals from Greece in the province of Bursa alone, according to some sources, the population exchange, albeit messy and dangerous for many, was executed fairly quickly by respected supervisors. If the goal of the exchange was to achieve ethnic-national homogeneity, for example, in 1906, nearly 20 percent of the population of present-day Turkey was non-Muslim, but by 1927, only 2.6 percent was. The architect of the exchange was Fridtjof Nansen, commissioned by the League of Nations, as the first official high commissioner for refugees, Nansen proposed and supervised the exchange, taking into account the interests of Greece, Turkey, and West European powers. He was chosen to be in charge of the resolution of the Greek-Turkish war of 1919–22. Although a compulsory exchange on this scale had never been attempted in modern history, Balkan precedents, the population exchange was seen as the best form of minority protection as well as the most radical and humane remedy of all. Nansen believed that what was on the table at Lausanne was not ethno-nationalism, but rather. Nansen recognized that the difficulties were truly immense, acknowledging that the population-exchange would require the displacement of populations of more than 1,000,000 people
14.
Turkey
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Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a cultural heritage. The country is encircled by seas on three sides, the Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the countrys largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Approximately 70-80% of the countrys citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks, other ethnic groups include legally recognised and unrecognised minorities. Kurds are the largest ethnic minority group, making up approximately 20% of the population, the area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic by various ancient Anatolian civilisations, as well as Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians and Armenians. After Alexander the Greats conquest, the area was Hellenized, a process continued under the Roman Empire. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, the empire reached the peak of its power in the 16th century, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian, following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. Turkey is a member of the UN, an early member of NATO. Turkeys growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power while her location has given it geopolitical, the name of Turkey is based on the ethnonym Türk. The first recorded use of the term Türk or Türük as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkic inscriptions of the Göktürks of Central Asia, the English name Turkey first appeared in the late 14th century and is derived from Medieval Latin Turchia. Similarly, the medieval Khazar Empire, a Turkic state on the shores of the Black. The medieval Arabs referred to the Mamluk Sultanate as al-Dawla al-Turkiyya, the Ottoman Empire was sometimes referred to as Turkey or the Turkish Empire among its European contemporaries. The Anatolian peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is one of the oldest permanently settled regions in the world, various ancient Anatolian populations have lived in Anatolia, from at least the Neolithic period until the Hellenistic period. Many of these peoples spoke the Anatolian languages, a branch of the larger Indo-European language family, in fact, given the antiquity of the Indo-European Hittite and Luwian languages, some scholars have proposed Anatolia as the hypothetical centre from which the Indo-European languages radiated. The European part of Turkey, called Eastern Thrace, has also been inhabited since at least forty years ago. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date, the settlement of Troy started in the Neolithic Age and continued into the Iron Age
15.
Peloponnese
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The Peloponnese or Peloponnesus is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece. It is separated from the part of the country by the Gulf of Corinth. During the late Middle Ages and the Ottoman era, the peninsula was known as the Morea, the peninsula is divided among three administrative regions, most belongs to the Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica regions. In 2016, Lonely Planet voted the Peloponnese the top spot of their Best in Europe list, the Peloponnese is a peninsula that covers an area of some 21,549.6 square kilometres and constitutes the southernmost part of mainland Greece. It has two connections with the rest of Greece, a natural one at the Isthmus of Corinth. The peninsula has an interior and deeply indented coasts. The Peloponnese possesses four south-pointing peninsulas, the Messenian, the Mani, the Cape Malea, mount Taygetus in the south is the highest mountain in the Peloponnese, at 2,407 metres. Οther important mountains include Cyllene in the northeast, Aroania in the north, Erymanthos and Panachaikon in the northwest, Mainalon in the center, the entire peninsula is earthquake prone and has been the site of many earthquakes in the past. The longest river is the Alfeios in the west, followed by the Evrotas in the south, extensive lowlands are found only in the west, with the exception of the Evrotas valley in the south and in the Argolid in the northeast. The Peloponnese is home to spectacular beaches, which are a major tourist draw. Two groups of islands lie off the Peloponnesian coast, the Argo-Saronic Islands to the east, the island of Kythera, off the Epidaurus Limera peninsula to the south of the Peloponnese, is considered to be part of the Ionian Islands. The island of Elafonissos used to be part of the peninsula but was separated following the quake of 365 AD. Since antiquity, and continuing to the present day, the Peloponnese has been divided into seven regions, Achaia, Corinthia, Argolid, Arcadia, Laconia, Messinia. Each of these regions is headed by a city, the largest city is Patras in Achaia, followed by Kalamata in Messinia. The peninsula has been inhabited since prehistoric times and its modern name derives from ancient Greek mythology, specifically the legend of the hero Pelops, who was said to have conquered the entire region. The name Peloponnesos means Island of Pelops, the Mycenaean civilization, mainland Greeces first major civilization, dominated the Peloponnese in the Bronze Age from its stronghold at Mycenae in the north-east of the peninsula. The Mycenean civilization collapsed suddenly at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, archeological research has found that many of its cities and palaces show signs of destruction. The subsequent period, known as the Greek Dark Ages, is marked by an absence of written records
16.
Governor of Massachusetts
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The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the head of the executive branch of Massachusetts state government and serves as commander-in-chief of the states military forces. The current governor is Charlie Baker, the Governor of Massachusetts is the chief executive of the Commonwealth, and is supported by a number of subordinate officers. He, like most other officers, senators, and representatives, was originally elected annually. In 1918 this was changed to a term, and since 1966 the office of governor has carried a four-year term. The Governor of Massachusetts does not receive a mansion, other official residence, instead, he resides in his own private residence. The title His Excellency is a throwback to the appointed governors of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The first governor to use the title was Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont, in 1699, since he was an Earl, the title was retained until 1742, when an order from King George II forbade its further use. However, the framers of the state constitution revived it because they found it fitting to dignify the governor with this title, the governor also serves as commander-in-chief of the Commonwealths armed forces. According to the constitution, whenever the chair of the governor is vacant. The first time came into use was five years after the constitutions adoption in 1785. Most recently, Jane Swift became acting governor upon the resignation of Paul Cellucci, under this system, the lieutenant governor retains his or her position and title as lieutenant governor and becomes acting governor, not governor. The lieutenant governor, when acting as governor, is referred to as the lieutenant governor, the Massachusetts Constitution does not use the term acting governor. When the constitution was first adopted, the Governors Council was charged with acting as governor in the event that both the governorship and lieutenant governorship were vacant. This occurred in 1799 when Governor Increase Sumner died in office on June 7,1799, acting Governor Gill never received a lieutenant and died on May 20,1800, between that years election and the inauguration of Governor-elect Caleb Strong. The Governors Council served as the executive for ten days, the councils chair, the lieutenant governor does not succeed but only discharges powers and duties as acting governor. The governor has a 10-person cabinet, each of whom oversees a portion of the government under direct administration, see Government of Massachusetts for a complete listing. The tradition of the ceremonial door originated when departing Governor Benjamin Butler kicked open the front door, incoming governors usually choose at least one past governors portrait to hang in their office. The governor-elect is then escorted by the sergeant-at-arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the president before a joint session of the House
17.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
18.
United States presidential election, 1988
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The United States presidential election of 1988 was the 51st quadrennial United States presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 8,1988, incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush won the Republican nomination, and chose Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate. Due to the restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, running an aggressive campaign, Bush capitalized on a good economy and Reagans popularity. Meanwhile, Dukakis campaign suffered from several miscues, including failure to defend against Bushs attacks and this allowed Bush to win with a substantial margin of the popular vote, while winning the Electoral College by a landslide. Since the 1988 election, no candidate has managed to equal or surpass Bushs number of votes won or popular vote percentage. Bush was the first sitting Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren in 1836, to date, this is the last election in which a retiring president was succeeded by a member of his own party. This is the earliest election in both major candidates are still living as of 2017. The duties delegated to him during Reagans second term gave him a high level of experience for a Vice President. Bush unexpectedly came in third in the Iowa caucus, which he had won in 1980, behind Dole, Dole did nothing to counter these ads and Bush won, thereby gaining crucial momentum, which he called Big Mo. Once the multiple-state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bushs organizational strength and fund raising lead were impossible for the candidates to match. The Republican Party convention was held in New Orleans, Louisiana, Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his running mate. When Mondale was defeated in a landslide, party leaders became eager to find a new approach to get away from the 1980 and 1984 debacles. After Bushs image was affected by his involvement on the Iran-Contra scandal much more than Reagans, and after the Democrats won back control of the U. S. One goal of the party was to find a new, fresh candidate who could move beyond the traditional New Deal-Great Society ideas of the past, to this end party leaders tried to recruit the New York Governor, Mario Cuomo, to be a candidate. Cuomo had impressed many Democrats with his speech at the 1984 Democratic Convention. However, Cuomo chose not to run and as a result and he had made a strong showing in the 1984 presidential primaries and, after Mondales defeat, had positioned himself as the moderate centrist many Democrats felt their party would need to win. However, questions and rumors about possible extramarital affairs and about past debts dogged Harts campaign, Hart had told reporters from The New York Times who questioned him about these rumors that, if they followed him around, they would be bored. In a separate investigation, the Miami Herald had received a tip from a friend of Donna Rice that Rice was involved with Hart
19.
1988 Democratic National Convention
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The 1988 National Convention of the U. S. Democratic Party was held at The Omni in Atlanta, Georgia, from July 18–July 21,1988, at the convention Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts was nominated for President and Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas for Vice President. The chair of the convention was Speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives Jim Wright and this speech was listed as #38 in American Rhetorics Top 100 Speeches of the 20th Century. Massachusetts senator Ted Kennedys remarks contained the iteration Where was George, and Texas Agriculture Commissioner Jim Hightower called Bush a toothache of a man. The organizers for the convention chose pastel colors as a background in the belief that they would appear better on television and they were patterned after the colors of the American flag in salmon, azure, and eggshell. Republicans mocked the choice and used it to buttress their case that the Democrats were soft on the issues, new Jersey governor Thomas Kean claimed at the Republican Convention that The Dukakis Democrats will try to talk tough, but dont be fooled. They may try to talk like Dirty Harry, but they still act like Pee Wee Herman. Kean continued that Democrats and Republicans alike have no use for pastel patriotism, the liberal Democrats are trying to hide more than the colors in our flag, they are trying to hide their true colors. The theme song for the convention was composed and performed by longtime supporter and folksinger Carly Simon, a Family and was subsequently released on the best selling soundtrack album. A number of candidates withdrew from the race at the start of the convention as the stated that delegates won by withdrawn candidates could be replaced. The final contest for the nomination was between Michael Dukakis and Jesse Jackson, democratic Party Platform of 1988 at The American Presidency Project Dukakis Acceptance Speech at The American Presidency Project
20.
Arlington High School (Massachusetts)
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Arlington High School is a public high school located in Arlington, Massachusetts. As of 2010, the school enrolls approximately 1,300 students annually, the current principal is Mathew Janger. The current Arlington High School, designed by Howard B. S. Prescott, was opened in 1915 for grades 10-12, what is now known as Fusco house was the only original building. Boys and girls were required to enter the building through two separate entrances, two additions were later added on, the Collomb house, as it is now known, in 1937 and then the Downs house. Peirce Field, a field for football, soccer, track, field hockey, lacrosse, baseball and softball, was created by filling in Cutters Pond. Mill Brook still runs underneath the school to this day. The field was renovated in 2004 due to levels in the soil. A settlement was reached with the company to pay for the cleaning, capping. Since the mid-1990s several news shows have been to Arlington High School, including Chronicle, Nightline. It has also been the topic of news stories covered by Fox News, Fox 25, Channel 7, among many other TV channels. An HBO show chronicling Dane Cooks Tourgasm tour featured a segment where Cook returned to Arlington High School and spoke to the students, in 2011, interim principal Mary Villano suspended school dances because of drinking and inappropriate dancing
21.
Arlington, Massachusetts
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Arlington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, six miles northwest of Boston. The population was 42,844 at the 2010 census, the Town of Arlington was settled by European colonists in 1635 as a village within the boundaries of Cambridge, Massachusetts under the name Menotomy, an Algonquian word meaning swift running water. In 1867, the name Arlington was chosen in honor of those buried in Arlington National Cemetery, the Massachusett tribe, part of the Algonquian group of Native Americans, lived around the Mystic Lakes, the Mystic River and Alewife Brook. By the time Europeans arrived, the local Indians had been devastated by disease, also and she also was to be given a new winter coat of wool each year for the rest of her life. She is thought to have lived until about 1650, through the town also flows the stream called Mill Brook, which historically figured largely into Arlingtons economy. In 1637 Captain George Cooke built the first mill in this area, subsequently, seven mills were built along the stream, including the Old Schwamb Mill, which survives to this day. The Schwamb Mill has been a mill since 1650, making it the longest working mill in the country. Paul Reveres famous midnight ride to alert colonists took him through Menotomy, later on that first day of the American Revolution, more blood was shed in Menotomy than in the battles of Lexington and Concord combined. Minutemen from surrounding towns converged on Menotomy to ambush the British on their retreat from Concord, all in all,25 colonials were killed in Menotomy, as well as 40 British troops. Bullet holes are visible in the walls to this day. In its early years, Arlington was a farming community and had its own lettuce that was quite popular. Arlington had a large ice industry on Spy Pond from the century until the last ice house burned down in 1930, much of its ice was sent to the Caribbean. Arlingtons population grew by over 90 percent during the 1920s, in 1979, the first spreadsheet software program, VisiCalc, was developed by Bob Frankston and Dan Bricklin in the attic of the Arlington apartment rented by Bob Frankston. Arlington was the site of the accident which claimed the life of top American professional cyclist Nicole Reinhart and she was killed on September 17,2000 when she was thrown from her bicycle during a National Calendar criterium bicycle race. Arlington covers 3,517.5 acres, or 5.5 square miles, there are 210.52 acres of parkland. Elevation ranges from 4 feet above sea level to 377 feet near Park Avenue, Arlington borders on the Mystic Lakes, Mystic River, and Alewife Brook. Within its borders are Spy Pond, the Arlington Reservoir, Mill Brook, at the 2010 census, there were 42,844 people,18,969 households and 10,981 families residing in the town. The population density was 8,239.2 per square mile, there were 19,974 housing units at an average density of 3,841.2 per square mile
22.
Boston University
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Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is nonsectarian, and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. The university has more than 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students and it offers bachelors degrees, masters degrees, and doctorates, and medical, dental, business, and law degrees through 17 schools and colleges on two urban campuses. The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Bostons Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods, BU is categorized as an R1, Doctoral University in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education, the University was ranked 39th among undergraduate programs at national universities, and 32nd among global universities by U. S. News & World Report in its 2017 rankings. In 1876, BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab, American Civil Rights Movement leader and 1964 Nobel Peace Prize winner Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. received his PhD in Theology from BU in 1955. The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAAs Division I, BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League, and Hockey East conferences, and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier. Boston University is well known for hockey, in which it has won five national championships. The University organized formal Centennial observances both in 1939 and 1969, on April 24–25,1839 a group of Methodist ministers and laymen at the Old Bromfield Street Church in Boston elected to establish a Methodist theological school. Set up in Newbury, Vermont, the school was named the Newbury Biblical Institute, in 1847, the Congregational Society in Concord, New Hampshire, invited the Institute to relocate to Concord and offered a disused Congregational church building with a capacity of 1200 people. Other citizens of Concord covered the remodeling costs, one stipulation of the invitation was that the Institute remain in Concord for at least 20 years. The charter issued by New Hampshire designated the school the Methodist General Biblical Institute, with the agreed twenty years coming to a close, the Trustees of the Concord Biblical Institute purchased 30 acres on Aspinwall Hill in Brookline, Massachusetts, as a possible relocation site. The institute moved in 1867 to 23 Pinkney Street in Boston, in 1869, three Trustees of the Boston Theological Institute obtained from the Massachusetts Legislature a charter for a university by name of Boston University. These three were successful Boston businessmen and Methodist laymen, with a history of involvement in educational enterprises and they were Isaac Rich, Lee Claflin, and Jacob Sleeper, for whom Boston Universitys three West Campus dormitories are named. Lee Claflins son, William, was then Governor of Massachusetts, on account of the religious opinions he may entertain, provided, nonetheless, that this section shall not apply to the theological department of said University. Every department of the new university was open to all on an equal footing regardless of sex, race. The Boston Theological Institute was absorbed into Boston University in 1871 as the BU School of Theology, in January 1872 Isaac Rich died, leaving the vast bulk of his estate to a trust that would go to Boston University after ten years of growth while the University was organized. Most of this bequest consisted of real estate throughout the core of the city of Boston and was appraised at more than $1.5 million, Kilgore describes this as the largest single donation to an American college or university to that time
23.
Steel Magnolias
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Steel Magnolias is a 1989 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross. It is the adaptation of Robert Harlings 1987 play of the same name. The play and film are about the bond a group of women share in a small-town southern community, the story is based on Robert Harlings real life experience of the death of his sister, Susan Harling Robinson, in 1985 due to complications from Type 1 diabetes. He changed his sisters name in the story from Susan to Shelby Eatenton-Latcherie, the title suggests the main female characters can be both as delicate as the magnolia flower, and as tough as steel. Annelle Dupuy, a beauty school graduate, is hired by Truvy Jones to work in her home-based beauty salon in northwestern Louisiana. At the same time, in part of the neighborhood, MLynn Eatenton, and her daughter, Shelby, are preparing for Shelbys wedding. They arrive, along with Clairee Belcher, the widow of the former mayor. Suddenly, Shelby, who has type 1 diabetes, falls into a hypoglycemic state, moved by Annelles emotional confession, Shelby invites her to the wedding, where Annelle meets Sammy, who is tending bar. Several months pass and Shelby returns to town to celebrate Christmas, during the festivities, she announces that she and her husband, Jackson Latcherie, are expecting their first child. Shelbys father Drum is thrilled, but MLynn is too worried to share in the joy and it becomes clear that Shelby could actually die due to pregnancy complications related to her diabetes. MLynn agrees, saying that nothing pleases Shelby more than proving her wrong, Shelby successfully delivers a baby boy, Jackson Jr. but begins showing signs of kidney failure and starts dialysis around the time Jackson Jr. turns one. MLynn successfully donates a kidney and Shelby seemingly resumes a normal life, Clairee and Ouiser offer to make sure that MLynns husband, Drum, Jonathan, and Tommy have enough food to last until MLynn returns home after the transplant. Later, on Halloween, Ouiser, Clairee, Truvy, and MLynn throw Annelle a surprise wedding shower, Shelby is unavailable to attend due to a conflicting schedule with her nursing job, and is later found by Jackson unconscious on the porch of her house. Shelby is rushed to the hospital, where it is determined that her body rejected the new kidney, the doctors inform the family that Shelby is likely to remain comatose indefinitely, and they all jointly decide to take her off life support. At the funeral, after the mourners have left, MLynn breaks down in hysterics in front of Ouiser, Clairee, Truvy, and Annelle. MLynn gives her blessings and assures Annelle that Shelby wouldve loved it, months later, on Easter morning, Annelle goes into labor during an Easter egg hunt, is rushed to the hospital by Truvy and her husband Spud, and another life begins. A writer friend continuously encouraged him to write it down in order to come to terms with the experience and he did but originally as a short story for his nephew then later to get an understanding of the deceased mother. It eventually evolved in ten days to the play, released by TriStar Pictures in the United States on November 15,1989 and grossed more than $83.7 million at the box office
24.
Mr. Holland's Opus
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Mr. Hollands Opus is a 1995 American drama film directed by Stephen Herek, produced by Ted Field, Robert W. Cort, and Michael Nolin, and written by Patrick Sheane Duncan. The film stars Richard Dreyfuss in the role of Glenn Holland. The cast also includes Glenne Headly, Olympia Dukakis, William H. Macy, the film was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay. Richard Dreyfuss also received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, in Portland, Oregon in 1965, Glenn Holland is a talented musician and composer who has been relatively successful in the exhausting life of a professional musical performer. Unfortunately for Holland, he is forced to realize that his position as a music teacher makes him a marginalized figure in the facultys hierarchy. However, he begins to win many of his colleagues over. Holland finds success using rock and roll as a way to classical music more accessible to his students. Hollands lack of quality time with Iris becomes problematic when their son, Holland reacts with hostility to the news that he can never teach the joys of music to his own child. Iris willingly learns American Sign Language to communicate with her son and this causes further estrangement within the family. Over three decades, Holland is closer to students at Kennedy High than he is to his own son and he addresses a series of challenges created by people who are either hesitant or hostile towards the concept of musical excellence within the walls of the average middle-class American high school. He inspires numerous students, but never has time for himself or his family. Eventually, he reaches an age when it is too late to find financial backing or ever have it performed. In 1995, the adversaries of the Kennedy High music program win a decisive institutional victory, wolters, now promoted as principal, works with the board of education to eliminate funding for music along with other fine arts programs, thus leading to Hollands early retirement. On his final day as a teacher, Holland enters the school auditorium, hearing that their beloved teacher is retiring, hundreds of his former students have secretly returned to the school to celebrate his life. Hollands orchestral piece, never heard in public, has been put before the musicians by his wife. One of his most musically challenged students, Gertrude Lang, who has become Governor of Oregon, Gertrude and the other alumni request their former teacher serve as their conductor for the premiere performance of Mr. Hollands Opus. A proud Iris and Cole look on, appreciating the affection, Richard Dreyfuss as Glenn Holland Glenne Headly as Iris Holland Jay Thomas as Bill Meister Olympia Dukakis as Principal Helen Jacobs William H. Grant High School. Kamens arrangement won the 1997 Grammy for Best Instrumental Arrangement, two soundtrack albums were released for this film in January 1996
25.
Mafia!
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Mafia. also known as Jane Austens Mafia. is a 1998 comedy film directed by Jim Abrahams and starring Jay Mohr, Lloyd Bridges, Olympia Dukakis and Christina Applegate. The film spoofs Francis Ford Coppolas Godfather series and various other mafia films and it also parodies films in other genres, ranging from Forrest Gump to Il Postino and The English Patient. Like The Godfather Part II, the narrative of Mafia, consists of a series of flashbacks interwoven with the main plot. Tony is the son of a prominent Mafia don, Vincenzo Armani Windbreaker Cortino, as the film opens, Tony introduces the main thread when he exits a Vegas casino and walks to his car, accompanied by a voiceover explaining his philosophy of life. When he starts the car, it explodes, the story then regresses more than half a century to describe the boyhood of Tonys father, Vincenzo, who was born in Italy, the clumsy son of a Sicilian postman. One day, while making a delivery for his father, Vincenzo trips, the parcels recipient, concluding that the delivery boy has seen too much, tracks Vincenzo to a street fair, where he kills his father. The boy escapes to America, where he grows to manhood, marries. During the festivities, however, Vincenzo is shot 47 times in an attempted hit, Tony announces his intention to kill Gorgoni, a drug lord with whom Vincenzo had refused to do business before the attack. Diane leaves him, saying hes abandoned the ideals of his youth. Tony avenges the attack, then goes into hiding in Las Vegas, Vincenzo recovers from his 47 gunshot wounds and visits Las Vegas, where he officially names Tony his successor. Joey, furious at being passed over, is told You get Wisconsin, the Don then returns home, where he falls victim to his 5-year-old grandson, Chucky, who assassinates him by spraying him with malathion. The film returns to the present after Tony catches Joey and Pepper cavorting in a room together. Tony is horribly but temporarily disfigured, and attends his fathers funeral in a wheelchair, however, he decides to postpone vengeance until he can win back Dianes love and put his life in order. Diane has by this time become President of the United States and he persuades her to put world peace on the back burner until after their wedding. Clamato Gregory Sierra as Bonifacio Catherine Lloyd Burns as Woman in Vegas Show In its opening weekend the film took $6,577,961 in 1,942 theatres, in total in the US, the film made $19,889,299. Mafia. received generally negative reviews with a 14% rotten rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 42 reviews and a 4/10 rating. James Berardinelli of ReelViews wrote Airplane. and The Naked Gun, now, countless movies later, many of the jokes seem recycled, even when they arent. Mafia. has its moments, but, in the wake of the hilarious Theres Something About Mary
26.
The Thing About My Folks
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The Thing About My Folks is a 2005 American drama film directed by Raymond De Felitta. The screenplay by Paul Reiser focuses on the effect a terminal illness has on the marriage of an aging couple, the journey evolves into an extended road trip in a restored 1940 Ford Deluxe coupe convertible Sam buys when Bens car crashes. As time passes, the two men fish, drink, and play pool while discussing the past and reestablishing their relationship, Ben learns Muriel went on vacation, but after enjoying a leisurely day by herself, began to experience blackouts. The doctors give her six months to live, and Muriel and she lives through the summer, and Ben realizes he has never seen his parents happier in his life. When Muriel dies, Sam moves in with Ben and his family, the film premiered at the Seattle International Film Festival in June 2005 and went into limited release in the US on September 16,2005. It grossed $235,341 on 93 screens on its opening weekend and eventually earned $816,403 in the US and $6,934 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $823,337. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times observed, One of the things about my job is that I get to enjoy the good parts in movies that arent really necessary to see. The Thing About My Folks travels familiar movie territory. but we discover once again what a warm, I cant recommend the movie, but I can be grateful that I saw it, for Falk. Despite the grumpy, flatulent behavior the script demands of him, the movie contains little that we havent seen before, but charm can make anything seem a bit fresher. Most credit goes to Peter Falk. doesnt merely carry, he bravely totes it over a mountain of clichés like one of Hannibals elephants, somehow this derivative, predictable story works, probably because of Falks unforced determination to make that happen. Peter Falk tied with Josh Hartnett for Best Actor honors at the Milan International Film Festival, the National Board of Review cited the film for Excellence In Filmmaking. Official website The Thing About My Folks at the Internet Movie Database
27.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
28.
Tales of the City
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Tales of the City is a series of nine novels written by American author Armistead Maupin. The remaining titles were never serialized, but were originally written as novels. Tales of the City has been compared to similar serial novels that ran in other city newspapers, such as The Serial, Tangled Lives, Bagtime, and Federal Triangle. Characters from the Tales of the City series have appeared in supporting roles in Maupins later novels Maybe the Moon and she finds an apartment at 28 Barbary Lane, the domain of the eccentric, marijuana-growing landlady Anna Madrigal. Beyond the house, lovers and friends guide Mary Ann through her San Franciscan adventures, edgar Halcyon, Mary Anns and Monas boss, Edgars socialite daughter DeDe Halcyon-Day, and DeDes scheming bisexual husband Beauchamp Day all provide a glimpse into a more affluent Californian class. Mother Mucca, Mrs. Madrigals mother and owner of the Blue Moon Lodge brothel, brings mystery, dorothea Wilson returns from a modeling assignment in New York to resume an affair with Mona. Jon Fielding, Michaels lover and DeDes gynecologist, becomes part of the social group, Michaels lovers later in the series include Thack Sweeney and the significantly younger Ben McKenna. Maupins books are some of the first to deal with the AIDS epidemic. Real life people such as Jim Jones and a thinly veiled Elizabeth Taylor are mentioned in the story lines, a prominent closeted gay celebrity is represented as ______ ______ throughout the third novel, with sufficient detail available to deduce that it could be Rock Hudson. In 1993 the first book was made into a miniseries, produced by Channel 4 in the UK. The second and third titles in the made their television debuts in 1998 and 2001 on Showtime. In a public reading at the Bloomsbury Theatre in London in July 2007, several of the books have been adapted and broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Armistead Maupin himself then revealed that meetings had taken place. Nearly two decades after Sure of You, Maupin resumed the series with the release of the novel Michael Tolliver Lives. I suppose I didn’t want people to be thrown by the change in the format, having said that, it is still very much a continuation of the saga and I think I realized it was very much time for me to come back to this territory. Michael Tolliver Lives was criticized by one critic for its thinly veiled autobiographical nature, Maupins next novel in the series, Mary Ann in Autumn, returned to the style of the earlier Tales books, a multi-character tapestry of interwoven story lines. The novel The Days of Anna Madrigal was released on January 21,2014, Maupin has collaborated on several Tales-themed musical projects. In March 1999, he participated in Tunes From Tales, a series with the Seattle Mens Chorus that included readings from the series
29.
Television
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Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome, or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a set, a television program. Television is a medium for entertainment, education, news, politics, gossip. Television became available in experimental forms in the late 1920s. After World War II, a form of black-and-white TV broadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses. During the 1950s, television was the medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US, for many reasons, the storage of television and video programming now occurs on the cloud. At the end of the first decade of the 2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity, another development was the move from standard-definition television to high-definition television, which provides a resolution that is substantially higher. HDTV may be transmitted in various formats, 1080p, 1080i, in 2013, 79% of the worlds households owned a television set. Most TV sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs, major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. In the near future, LEDs are gradually expected to be replaced by OLEDs, also, major manufacturers have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s, Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers. Alternatively television signals are distributed by cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, a standard television set is composed of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly called a video monitor rather than a television, the word television comes from Ancient Greek τῆλε, meaning far, and Latin visio, meaning sight. The Anglicised version of the term is first attested in 1907 and it was. formed in English or borrowed from French télévision. In the 19th century and early 20th century, other. proposals for the name of a technology for sending pictures over distance were telephote. The abbreviation TV is from 1948, the use of the term to mean a television set dates from 1941
30.
Search for Tomorrow
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Search for Tomorrow is an American television soap opera. It began its run on CBS on September 3,1951, Search for Tomorrow was created by Roy Winsor and was first written by Agnes Nixon for the series first thirteen weeks and later by Irving Vendig. Search for Tomorrow aired as a serial from its debut in 1951 until 1968. Procter & Gamble used the show to advertise mainly Joy dishwashing liquid and Spic, as the shows ratings increased, other sponsors began buying commercial time. Both Joy and Spic and Span continued to be the primary products Procter & Gamble advertised on the show, well into the 1960s. At the time, Search for Tomorrow and The Guiding Light, throughout its entire thirty-five year run, Search for Tomorrows title sequence featured clouds passing through the sky. In fact, the sequence consisted entirely of that until 1981, the only noticeable change was the slightly altered S in Search starting in 1967, at the time of the shows color switch. In late 1981, the show using a videotaped opening sequence with a shot of a seagull flying over the ocean. In the shows final months, the featured a montage of cast clips, bookended with sky shots. The theme music for the early years sounded a little like Beyond the Blue Horizon to some, which would have seemed quite appropriate for this show given the sequence. From October 7,1974 to February 25,1986, Search for Tomorrow used a pop ballad theme, Well Search for Tomorrow by Jon Silbermann, Jack Cortner, and John Barranco. 1986 marked the debut of a new theme for the show by Bill Chinnock. The version of this tune that played during the opening and end credits, for much of the shows run on CBS, the announcer was Dwight Weist. When Weist departed the show to found his own public relations/casting company and her job carried over into the first few years of NBCs run until Hal Simms took over in 1985, for the remainder of the series. Simms involvement was limited to the opening credit sponsorship announcements, for the shows duration, Search for Tomorrow was centered on a midwestern housewife named Joanne Gardner, who lived in a fictional town called Henderson. In the earlier years, Joannes friends and next-door neighbors, Stuart and Marge Bergman received much screen time as they commiserated with Joanne, at the beginning of the series, Stu and Marge had a young daughter named Janet. After Keith died in 1952, Joanne started managing a hotel, local thugs in town saw Joanne as soft because she was a woman, and they attempted to take over the business as a front for Mafia dealings. Joannes friend Rose Peabody, who was selling information to the Mafia, tried to poison a pot of soup that Joanne made, in the end, she could not go through with it and poured the soup down the drain
31.
Sinatra (miniseries)
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Sinatra is a 1992 CBS miniseries biography and drama about singer Frank Sinatra, developed and executive produced by Franks youngest daughter Tina Sinatra and approved by Frank himself. Directed by James Steven Sadwith, produced by Richard M. Rosenbloom and it stars Philip Casnoff, Olympia Dukakis, Joe Santos, Gina Gershon, Nina Siemaszko, and Marcia Gay Harden, with some of Sinatras vocals recreated by Tom Burlinson. It won two and was nominated for seven Emmy Awards, along with a win and two nominations for a Golden Globe Award, released on November 8,1992, it was re-released on a two-disc DVD Warner Home Video on May 13,2008. Frank Sinatra emerges from Hoboken, New Jersey, the son of local politician Natalie Dolly Sinatra, beginning his career as a singer for the Harry James and Tommy Dorsey big bands, Sinatra struggles to keep his marriage to his teenage sweetheart Nancy Barbato. Before long, his talent catapults him to music and movie fame, but his personal failings place his career and marriage in danger. Kennedy and powerful Chicago mob boss Sam Giancana, Sinatra at the Internet Movie Database
32.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
33.
Social Security (play)
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Social Security is a play by Andrew Bergman. Barbara and David introduce Sophie to suave nonagenarian artist Maurice Koenig, after twenty-six previews, the Broadway production, directed by Mike Nichols, opened on April 17,1986 at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, where it ran for 388 performances. The cast included Marlo Thomas as Barbara, Ron Silver as David, Joanna Gleason as Trudy, Olympia Dukakis as Sophie, Stefan Schnabel as Maurice, later in the run, Marilu Henner and Cliff Gorman assumed the roles of Barbara and David. Valerie Harper was originally hired to replace Marlo Thomas, but Harper quit during rehearsals and was replaced by Henner, drama Desk Awards went to Gleason for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play and Tony Walton for Outstanding Set Design
34.
Drama Desk Award
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Broadway productions were excluded until the 1968–69 award season. The awards are considered a significant American theatre distinction and they debuted the presentations of the Vernon Rice Awards. The name honors the New York Post critic Vernon Rice, who had pioneered Off-Broadway coverage in the New York press, the name was changed for the 1963–1964 awards season to the Drama Desk Awards. In 1974, the Drama Desk became incorporated as a not-for-profit organization, in 1975, the Drama announcement of winners included the nominees as well. The Drama Desk has more than 100 members, including critics, reporters and editors who cover New York theater. Membership consists of two categories, Active membership and Participating Membership, all of the Drama Desk officers and Nominating Committee members perform their various services for the organization on a voluntary basis. The Nominating Committee generally meets twice a month to discuss the many eligible shows members are responsible for seeing and they then nominate the productions on which the entire membership will vote. What sets the organization apart is that the awards are voted on by people only without any vested interests in the results. Previous winners include Bernadette Peters, Dustin Hoffman, Al Pacino, over the last 36 years, the Drama Desk Awards have contributed to the ongoing success of major stars, playwrights and designers, while also identifying newcomers. The Drama Desk was the first New York theater organization to give awards to talents such as Edward Albee, Wendy Wasserstein, plays like Driving Miss Daisy, Other Peoples Money, Steel Magnolias, and The Boys in the Band built momentum with the help of Drama Desk wins. In 2010 William Wolf was announced as the President of Drama Desk, the current managing executive producer of the Drama Desk Awards is Gretchen Shugart, and the president of the Drama Desk is Charles Wright. David Barbour is chairperson of the nominating committee, in keeping with its original mission, the organization sponsors guest panel luncheons with theater professionals. Panels address topics of current interest, covering the season on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off-Broadway, with the aim of prompting informative and stimulating discussion
35.
The Simpsons
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The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks, Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19,1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a prime time show and became an early hit for Fox. Since its debut on December 17,1989,615 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast and its 28th season began on September 25,2016. It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program, the Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27,2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4,2015, the series was renewed for seasons 27 and 28, on November 4,2016, the series was renewed for seasons 29 and 30, consisting of 22 episodes each. The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, Time named it the 20th centurys best television series, and Erik Adams of The A. V. Club named it televisions crowning achievement regardless of format, on January 14,2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards,30 Annie Awards, Homers exclamatory catchphrase Doh. has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms. Despite this, the show has also criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years. The Simpsons are a family who live in a fictional Middle American town of Springfield, Homer, the father, works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to Marge Simpson, a stereotypical American housewife, although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another. The family owns a dog, Santas Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in I, both pets have had starring roles in several episodes. The show includes an array of supporting characters, co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople. The creators originally intended many of these characters as jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town
36.
The Old Man and the Key
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The Old Man and the Key is the thirteenth episode of The Simpsons thirteenth season. It first aired in the United States on the Fox network on March 10,2002, in the episode, Grampa Simpson falls in love with Zelda, an old woman who has just moved in to the senior home in which Grampa lives. However, Grampa is not the one in the home who is infatuated with Zelda. The episode was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Lance Kramer, the storyline was pitched by Vitti, who based it on an article about social status in senior homes. The episode features Olympia Dukakis as Zelda, and Bill Saluga as his television character Ray J. Johnson, the episode begins with Homer anticipating the new XFL season before Marge tells him that the league has folded. The Simpson family then gets a call from Grampa Simpsons retirement home saying that he is dead. When the family arrives he informs them the home got it wrong, a beautiful new woman named Zelda moves into his retirement home. Grampa is determined to win her love over Zack, another resident who owns, after renewing his drivers license, Grampa convinces Homer to let him borrow the car to romance her. Although he impresses Zelda, Homer and Marge think she is a hoochie, after he crashes Homers car in a drag race with the Souvenir Jackitos, a rival seniors gang, Homer gets particularly livid with Grampa and takes his keys away, forbidding him to drive ever again. Zelda informs Grampa that she got tickets to a show in Branson, Missouri. Grampa steals Marges car and takes Bart with him on the road to Branson to win back Zelda, when realizing that Grandpa and Bart are heading to Branson, Homer, Marge, Lisa, and Maggie, take a bus there. However they first end up not in Branson, Missouri, but Bronson, Ray Jay Johnson, Mr. T, Charo, Yakov Smirnoff, Charlie Callas, Bonnie Franklin and Adrian Zmed are the stars of the show in Branson they go to see. Grampa calls out to his lady from on-stage, but then denounces her in front of everyone, the Old Man and the Key was written by Jon Vitti and directed by Lance Kramer. It was first broadcast on the Fox network in the United States on March 10,2002, the idea for the episode was pitched by Vitti, who was inspired by an article about senior homes. The article described senior homes as being a lot like high schools, in there are popular and unpopular people. Vitti suggested that the episode should be that Grampas life basically like that of a teenager, the Souvenir Jackitos, who challenge Grampa to a death race in the episode, were conceived from an observation by the writers. The writers argued that the only ones buying expensive trademarked jackets are old people who want to appear younger, a scene in the episode shows Grampa and Bart driving to Branson with Marges car, listening to the radio. Because the scene consists entirely of gags, the Simpsons staff had difficulty figuring out what to show visually during the scene
37.
Autobiography
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An autobiography is a self-written account of the life of a person. The word autobiography was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English periodical The Monthly Review, when he suggested the word as a hybrid, however, its next recorded use was in its present sense, by Robert Southey in 1809. Despite only being named early in the century, first-person autobiographical writing originates in antiquity. Autobiography thus takes stock of the life from the moment of composition. While biographers generally rely on a variety of documents and viewpoints. The memoir form is associated with autobiography but it tends, as Pascal claims, to focus less on the self. See also, List of autobiographies and Category, Autobiographies for examples, in a classic essay on American autobiography James M. Autobiographical works are by nature subjective. The inability—or unwillingness—of the author to accurately recall memories has in certain cases resulted in misleading or incorrect information, some sociologists and psychologists have noted that autobiography offers the author the ability to recreate history. Spiritual autobiography is an account of a struggle or journey towards God, followed by conversion a religious conversion. The author re-frames his or her life as a demonstration of divine intention through encounters with the Divine, the spiritual autobiography works as an endorsement of his or her religion. A memoir is slightly different in character from an autobiography, while an autobiography typically focuses on the life and times of the writer, a memoir has a narrower, more intimate focus on his or her own memories, feelings and emotions. Memoirs have often written by politicians or military leaders as a way to record. One early example is that of Julius Caesars Commentarii de Bello Gallico, in the work, Caesar describes the battles that took place during the nine years that he spent fighting local armies in the Gallic Wars. His second memoir, Commentarii de Bello Civili is an account of the events took place between 49 and 48 BC in the civil war against Gnaeus Pompeius and the Senate. Leonor López de Córdoba wrote what is supposed to be the first autobiography in Spanish, the English Civil War provoked a number of examples of this genre, including works by Sir Edmund Ludlow and Sir John Reresby. French examples from the period include the memoirs of Cardinal de Retz. Daniel Defoes Moll Flanders is an early example, charles Dickens David Copperfield is another such classic, and J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is a well-known modern example of fictional autobiography. Charlotte Brontës Jane Eyre is yet another example of fictional autobiography, the term may also apply to works of fiction purporting to be autobiographies of real characters, e. g. Robert Nyes Memoirs of Lord Byron
38.
3 Needles
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3 Needles is a 2005 Canadian drama film directed by Thom Fitzgerald. The title refers to the three characters who make a deal with the Devil in order to survive a global epidemic. The film was screened at film festivals, and was given a limited release in the United States on December 1,2006. A group of men in South Africa, undergo a rite of passage symbolizing their change from boyhood into manhood. In rural China, a heavily pregnant Jin Ping is caught by Chinese military men with crates of black blood in her van. The blood is destroyed and she is gang raped. Jin Ping is then shown visiting a village and convincing the inhabitants to give blood for $5 each and they all agree, except Tong Sam, a rice farmer, as he is unable to give blood as he is sick. However, as Jin Pings equipment is not safe, most of the people in the village contract HIV and die of AIDS, including Tong Sams family. The military men led by Xuan arrive in the village to help with the disease, and they help Tong Sam grow rice, which he then gives out to his remaining neighbors. Government officials arrive in the town to test people for AIDS, but the testing is $10 per person, in Canada, porn star Denys thinks he may be HIV positive. He cheats his monthly blood tests by taking samples from his ailing father instead of providing his own blood. Eventually his father dies, and his mother Olive finds out her sons job, Olive finds out that her son is HIV positive when she goes to meet him at a self-help group. She then decides to herself with the HIV virus by drinking Denyss blood. She uses the money to provide a life for her. One night they go out for dinner, and they are waited on by Maria and she informs him that she, and several other porn actors, are now infected with HIV because of Denys. She says you killed me for $800, in South Africa, where three nuns Clara, Mary, and Hilde arrive at a plantation where they are to give aid. Clara who is very head-strong goes to lengths to look after the family of a young rape victim, whose grandmother has died. She asks for help from the plantation owner Hallyday, who makes advances on her
39.
The Librarian: Return to King Solomon's Mines
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The Librarian, Return to King Solomons Mines is the second in The Librarian franchise of movies starring Noah Wyle as a librarian who protects a secret collection of artifacts. Gabrielle Anwar, Bob Newhart, Jane Curtin and Olympia Dukakis co-star and it is a sequel to 2004s The Librarian, Quest for the Spear. The third film in the trilogy, The Librarian, Curse of the Judas Chalice, was released in 2008. Upon his return to the Library, the audience is introduced to more mythic artifacts stored there, The Head of Medusa, the Trident of Poseidon, the Shroud of Turin, and the Pipes of Pan. Meanwhile, at Flynns birthday party, his fathers friend, Uncle Jerry. Flynn remembers the silly bedtime stories and the amulet his father had, when Flynn goes home, he discovers that someone has trashed his apartment, he is ambushed and robbed of a scroll he received in the mail that day. It transpires that the scroll is a map containing clues to the location of King Solomons Mines, Flynn, in typical high-adventure fashion, cannot allow the thief to find the rest of the clues and thus, the mines themselves. Judson tells him that possession of the Book of Solomon, hidden in the mines, will give the reader of it control over time and space, so that the secret must be kept hidden. Emily, recognizing the code on Flynns piece as being in the Akon language, the men who attacked Flynn, led by a General Samir, turn out to be on the trail of the mines as well. They torture the man who helped Flynn escape until he tells them where Flynn was headed, the two adventurers dig him out, he insists on being their guide in return. Flynn shows Emily the drawings he made as a child to accompany his fathers silly bedtime stories and they show scenes of laughing rocks, upside-down valleys, and other fanciful places. Emily, in turn, confides to Flynn her obsession since childhood with the mysterious Queen of Sheba, after several more days of hiking, they finally reach a village. There, as their guide Jomo tells them, a fortune teller can help them, unknown to them, the fortune tellers shop has been appropriated by the men chasing them. Just as Flynn finds the piece of the map legend there, Emily sees the enemy coming. To their amazement, they run into Flynns Uncle Jerry, who is in Kenya to pick up some stock for his import-export business, and he hustles them aboard a train on which he has reserved some space. Jerry feeds the pair, gives Emily a skimpy Maasai dress, after dinner, Flynn checks Emilys cabin to find her tipsily analyzing the Akon code. It turns out to have a connection with the Biblical Song of Solomon and this is unfortunately ruined when the two argue over the translation of the love poetry. Next morning, Flynn and Emily, having solved the code, travel to Three Witches Mountain near Mombasa, with the antagonists in pursuit, the two manage to penetrate the caves where Solomons treasure is hidden
40.
In the Land of Women
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In the Land of Women is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed and written by Jon Kasdan. The film premiered in the United States on April 20,2007, Carter Webb is a young, soft-core writer living in Los Angeles whose young, starlet girlfriend Sofia breaks up with him. Carter pleads with her to stay, but she leaves, when Carter goes to his mothers home in order to reclaim an item, he sees his mother crying in the living room. She explains that her mentally unstable mother, Phyllis, claims that she is dying – though her doctor cannot find anything fatal, Carters mother tells him that she will be leaving for Michigan to take care of Phyllis. Though his mother objects to this decision, he ignores her and he knocks on the door with a cheerful remark, and Phyllis, obviously forgetting her own grandson, slams the door on him. After a quick negotiation, she lets him inside, Phyllis reveals that she has been starving herself the past three weeks, and Carter sees that all of the food in her home has gone stale. After a few phone calls with his mother and his boss. When Carter takes out the trash, Lucy, who is smoking on her roof and he drops the trash, and Lucy begins to snicker, hearing her laughter, Carter turns toward her, and she hides in the shadow of the roof. Sarah hears the noise and comes outside with her dog, Bozo and they have a brief talk before Lucys friends arrive loudly down the road and Sarah goes back inside. Lucy and Carter meet, and she asks Carter not to tell her parents that she smokes and he agrees, and takes a cigarette from her before she leaves. The next morning, Sarah arrives at Carters doorstep, bringing cookies and they walk around the neighborhood, talking about their lives. Carter eventually mentions Sofia, wondering about his love for her, Carter thinks about his relationship, and decides that it really wasnt true love. He explains that he has written love letters for Sofia, pouring out his affection in these epistles, Carter believes that the letters contain his best work. After Sarah returns home, she sees that Carter is heartbroken and she asks Lucy to ask Carter out on a date. Lucy bitterly refuses, calling it lame to ask someone out from across the street that she doesnt even know, Sarahs husband agrees and Sarah abruptly leaves the room, frustrated. She goes to her bathroom, filling a cup of medicine to subdue her pain. Her husband follows her, trying to assuage the situation by insisting that Lucy will apologize, the next day, Carter decides to go on a run. While running, he has flashbacks of all the times he had with Sofia, their meeting, their first kiss
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