1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Thrash metal
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Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, the lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the fast drum beats and attitude of hardcore with the double bass drumming, heavy and complex guitar style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. Thrash metal was an inspiration for subsequent extreme genres such as death metal, Four American bands—Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica, and Slayer—are credited with pioneering and popularizing the genre. The Clash of the Titans tour, which featured Megadeth, Slayer, thrash metal has seen a resurgence in recent times, with many of the older bands returning to their roots with their new releases. A new generation of metal bands emerged in the early 2000s. Thrash metal generally features fast tempos, low-register, complex riffs, high-register guitar solos. The genre evolved in the early 1980s from combining the drum beats of hardcore punk with the style of the new wave of British heavy metal. It emerged partially as a reaction to the conventional and widely acceptable glam metal. The rhythm guitar parts are played with distortion and often palm muted to create a tighter. Vocally, thrash metal can employ anything from singing to shouted vocals. The guitar riffs often use chromatic scales and emphasize the tritone and diminished intervals, for example, the intro riff of Metallicas Master of Puppets is a chromatic descent, followed by a chromatic ascent based on the tritone. Speed, pacing and time-changes also define thrash metal, thrash tends to have an accelerating feel which may be due in large part to its aggressive drumming style. For example, drummers often use two drums, or a double-bass pedal, in order to create a relentless, driving beat. Cymbal stops/chokes are often used to transition from one riff to another or to precede an acceleration in tempo, to keep up with the other instruments, many bassists use a plectrum. However, some prominent thrash metal bassists have used their fingers, such as Frank Bello, Greg Christian, Steve DiGiorgio, Robert Trujillo, several bassists use a distorted bass tone, an approach popularized by Burton and Motörheads Lemmy. Lyrical themes in thrash metal include warfare, corruption, injustice, murder, suicide, isolation, alienation, addiction, in addition, politics, particularly pessimism and dissatisfaction towards politics, are common themes among thrash metal bands
3.
Death metal
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Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Building from the structure of thrash metal and early black metal. Bands such as Venom, Celtic Frost, Slayer, and Kreator were important influences on the genres creation, Possessed and Death, along with bands such as Obituary, Autopsy and Morbid Angel, are often considered pioneers of the genre. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, death metal gained more attention as popular genre niche record labels like Combat, Earache. Since then, death metal has diversified, spawning several subgenres, melodic death metal combines death metal elements with those of the new wave of British heavy metal. Technical death metal is a style, with uncommon time signatures, atypical rhythms. Death-doom combines the deep growled vocals and double-kick drumming of death metal with the slow tempos, deathgrind, goregrind and pornogrind mix the complexity of death metal with the intensity, speed, and brevity of grindcore. Deathcore combines death metal with metalcore traits, Death n roll combines death metals growled vocals and highly distorted, detuned guitar riffs with elements of 1970s hard rock and heavy metal. English heavy metal band Venom, from Newcastle, crystallized the elements of what became known as thrash metal, death metal and black metal. Their dark, blistering sound, harsh vocals, and macabre, another highly influential band, Slayer, formed in 1981. Although the band was a metal act, Slayers music was more violent than their thrash contemporaries Metallica, Megadeth. Their breakneck speed and instrumental prowess combined with lyrics about death, violence, war, according to AllMusic, their third album Reign in Blood inspired the entire death metal genre. It had a big impact on the genre such as Death, Obituary. While attributed as having a Slayer influence, current and former members of the band had actually cited Venom and Motörhead, as well as work by Exodus. Possessed arguably did more to further the cause of Death Metal than any of the acts on the scene back in the mid-late 80s. During the same period as the dawn of Possessed, an influential metal band was formed in Florida. Death, originally called Mantas, was formed in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner, Kam Lee, in 1984 they released their first demo entitled Death by Metal, followed by several more. The tapes circulated through the tape trader world, quickly establishing the bands name, with Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene
4.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
5.
The Dillinger Escape Plan
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The Dillinger Escape Plan is an American mathcore band from Morris Plains, New Jersey. The group originated in 1997 after the disbanding of the punk band Arcane. The bands current line-up consists of guitarists Ben Weinman, bassist Liam Wilson, vocalist Greg Puciato, drummer Billy Rymer and their band name is derived from bank robber John Dillinger. The Dillinger Escape Plan was founded in 1997 and emerged from a punk trio named Arcane. Arcane consisted of Ben Weinman, Dimitri Minakakis, and Chris Pennie, previous to Arcane, Adam Doll, Craig McKeown, John Fulton, and Chris Pennie played together in the bands Samsara and Malfactor from 1992–1997. Now or Never Records offered to release the demo, the six-track EP was released in 1997 by Now or Never Records, and set them off on a small club tour around northeast America. Shortly before their first tour under the new name, guitarist Derek Brantley left the group and was replaced by John Fulton, during this time period, The Dillinger Escape Plan gained notoriety in the hardcore punk scene for the intensity of their performances. Their performances were increasingly wild, and often violent and these elaborate performances, as well as the creative, technical approach of their music led a record executive of Relapse Records to offer the band a multi-record contract. The band agreed to the contract, and recorded their second EP with Relapse entitled Under the Running Board, shortly after its release, Fulton left the band over creative differences. The three-song EP release served to bolster anticipation for their 1999 full-length release, before the recording of Calculating Infinity, bassist Adam Doll was involved in a car accident that left him paralyzed from the chest down. The accident was a minor fender bender, but because Doll had leaned over to pick up a CD beneath the stereo, guitarist Weinman played both guitar and bass on the album, though liner notes credited Doll as providing a great deal of help. Shortly before touring began for the new album, former Jesuit guitarist Brian Benoit auditioned for the band, taking the place of the departed John Fulton, Jeff Wood, bassist, took the place of the injured Adam Doll. Calculating Infinity was met with critical acclaim, faith No More vocalist Mike Patton, a friend of the band and one of the first people to hear the album, asked the Dillinger Escape Plan to tour with his band Mr. Bungle. Over time, their intense shows grew more so, incorporating samples, a light show, fireworks, fire breathing. After several months of touring, including appearances on the Warped Tour and March Metal Meltdown, in 2000, Now or Never Records re-released the bands self-titled album with added bonus tracks. Later that same year, the band parted ways with Minakakis, Minakakis credited his departure from the band to the rigorous touring schedule. The band remains in contact with him and they received many submissions, including one with rapping and one with death growls. While the search was underway, vocal duties were handled by a number of the friends, including Sean Ingram of Coalesce and Mike Patton
6.
Sepultura
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Sepultura is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Sepultura has had changes in its lineup since its formation, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006. Sepulturas current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green, guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. since Igor Cavaleras departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Paulo Jr. who has been a member of Sepultura since 1985, is the member to appear on every release. Kisser, who replaced Jairo Guedz in 1987, has played on all of the studio albums. Sepultura has released fourteen studio albums to date, the latest being Machine Messiah and their most successful records are Arise, Chaos A. D. and Roots. Sepultura was formed in 1984 in Belo Horizonte, the city of Minas Gerais. Gracilianos death deeply affected his sons, inspiring them to form a band after Max heard the album Black Sabbath Vol.4 the very same day. They chose the band name Sepultura, the Portuguese word for grave and they would travel to a record shop in São Paulo that mixed tapes of the latest records by American bands. Their listening habits changed dramatically after being introduced to Venom, as Igor Cavalera put it, The Cavalera brothers started listening to bands such as Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Kreator, Sodom, Megadeth, Exodus and Exciter. They also had influences on Brazilian metal from bands like Stress, Sagrado Inferno, by 1984, they had dropped out of school. After his departure, Max took over the vocal duties, Jairo Guedes was invited to join the band as lead guitarist. After about a year of performing, Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records in 1985, later that year, they released Bestial Devastation, a shared EP with fellow Brazilian band Overdose. It was self-produced and recorded in just two days, the band recorded their first full-length album, Morbid Visions, in August 1986. It contained their first hit, Troops of Doom, which gained media attention. The band then decided to relocate to the city of São Paulo. In early 1987, Jairo Guedes quit the band, Guedes was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser, and they released their second studio album, Schizophrenia, in 1987. The album reflected a change towards a more thrash metal-oriented sound
7.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
8.
Seven deadly sins
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The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, is a grouping and classification of vices of Christian origin. Behaviors or habits are classified under this category if they give birth to other immoralities. According to the standard list, they are pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, and sloth and these sins are often thought to be abuses or excessive versions of ones natural faculties or passions. This classification originated with the fathers, especially Evagrius Ponticus. To inspire people to focus on the seven sins, the vices are discussed in treatises. The seven deadly sins in their current form are not found in the Bible, one such antecedent is found in the Book of Proverbs 6, 16–19, however only in the Masoretic Text. Since the apostle Paul goes on to say that the persons who practice these sins shall not inherit the Kingdom of God, still another list of things that God hates comes from Revelation 21,8. While the seven deadly sins as we know them did not originate with the Greeks or Romans, Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics lists several positive, healthy human qualities, excellences, or virtues. Aristotle argues that for each positive quality there are two negative vices that are found on each extreme of the virtue, courage, for example, is the human excellence or virtue in facing fear and risk. Excessive courage makes one rash, while a deficiency of courage makes one cowardly and this principle of virtue found in the middle or mean between excess and deficiency is Aristotles notion of the golden mean. Aristotle lists virtues like courage, temperance or self-control, generosity, greatness of soul, proper response to anger, friendliness, roman writers like Horace extolled the value of virtue while listing and warning against vices. His first epistles says that to flee vice is the beginning of virtue, Gregory combined tristitia and acedia, vanagloria and superbia, and added envy. Gregorys list became the standard list of sins, Thomas Aquinas uses and defends Gregorys list in his Summa Theologica. The Anglican Communion, Lutheran Church, and Methodist Church, among other Christian denominations, moreover, modern day evangelists, such as Billy Graham have explicated the seven deadly sins. In the seven sins are seven ways of eternal death. The capital sins from lust to envy are generally associated with pride, lust, or lechery, is intense longing. It is usually thought of as intense or unbridled sexual desire, which leads to fornication, adultery, rape, bestiality, however, lust could also mean simply desire in general, thus, lust for money, power, and other things are sinful. In accordance with the words of Henry Edward, the impurity of lust makes one a slave of the devil, lust, if not managed properly, can subvert propriety
9.
Static-X
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Static-X was an American industrial metal band from Los Angeles, California formed in 1994. The line-up fluctuated over the years, but always held constant with band founder, frontman, vocalist, founders of the band were Wayne Static and original drummer Ken Jay. The band released five albums over the course of the next decade, Machine in 2001, Shadow Zone in 2003, Start a War in 2005, Cannibal in 2007. Shortly after their last albums release, the band entered a hiatus while Static worked on his album, Pighammer. Static briefly reformed Static-X in 2012, using members of his solo albums touring band. On November 1,2014, Wayne Static died at the age of 48, Static-X was founded in 1994 after the disbandment of Wayne Statics prior band, Deep Blue Dream. Static played in the band in the late 1980s with future Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, however, when the Smashing Pumpkins began to gain popularity, Corgan made the choice to commit all of his attention to The Smashing Pumpkins, and the band eventually disbanded. Static would later move to Los Angeles to search for new members, recruiting bassist Tony Campos and guitarist Koichi Fukuda. Static-X signed with Warner Bros. Records in early 1998, and released their album, Wisconsin Death Trip. Soon after, they released their first single Push It, followed by Im with Stupid, Static-X toured strictly in support of the album and twice performed on Ozzfest, supporting Fear Factory. In the following year a promotional EP, The Death Trip Continues, was also released, the band toured heavily in support of the album, with Static recounting, It was really just a whirlwind and I barely remember it. We worked so hard and toured so hard that I dont even remember most of it and we played 300 shows in the first year and we just never went home. We would tour on one tour for six or eight weeks and that tour ends and then wed drive a few days to Boston to hook up with Sevendust. We just kept going and kept going and never went home, I mean I didnt even have a home. I lived at the space for the last year before we started touring. I had to quit my job to make the record so I didnt have anywhere to go home to. I look back at it now and I kinda wish I had taken the time to sit back. Maybe got to some of the other bands a little more and spend time and having a good time and partying. Commercially, the effort paid off, with the album going platinum in 2001
10.
Sitar
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The sitar is a plucked stringed instrument used mainly in Hindustani music and Indian classical music. The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th century India and it derives its distinctive timbre and resonance from sympathetic strings, bridge design, a long hollow neck and a gourd-shaped resonance chamber. In appearance, the sitar is similar to the tanpura, except that it has frets, used widely throughout the Indian subcontinent, the sitar became popularly known in the wider world through the works of Ravi Shankar, beginning in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The word sitar originally derived from Sanskrit words saptatantri veena, which later was called as saat taar which eventually became sitar, another source might be from Persian seh + tar, literally meaning three strings. The instrument is thought to have been a version of the Veena, another prominent instrument in Carnatic and Hindustani music, altered in order to conform with Mughal tastes. The sitar flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries and arrived at its present form in 18th century India, in his Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya, Lalmani Misra traces the instruments development from the Tritantri veena through the nibaddh and anibaddh Tamburas also called tanbur and later the jantra. Construction of the similar tanpura was described by Tansen, a sitar can have 18,19,20, or 21 strings. The frets are movable, allowing fine tuning, the Gandhaar-pancham sitar has six playable strings, whereas the Kharaj-pancham sitar, used in the Maihar gharana, to which Ravi Shankar belonged, and other gharanas such as Bishnupur, has seven. Three of these, called the chikaari, simply provide a drone, the instrument has two bridges, the large bridge for the playing and drone strings and the small bridge for the sympathetic strings. Its timbre results from the way the strings interact with the wide, as a string reverberates its length changes slightly as its edge touches the bridge, promoting the creation of overtones and giving the sound its distinctive tone. The maintenance of this specific tone by shaping the bridge is called jawari, many musicians rely on instrument makers to adjust this. The bridges are fixed to the resonating chamber, or kaddu. Some sitars have a resonator, the tumbaa, near the top of the hollow neck. Materials used in construction include teak wood or tun wood, which is a variation of mahogany, for the neck and faceplate, the instruments bridges are made of deer horn, ebony, or very occasionally from camel bone. Synthetic material is now common as well, there are three popular modern styles of sitar offered in a variety of sub-styles and decorative patterns. The two popular styles are the gayaki style sitars and the full decorated instrumental style sitars, the gayaki style sitar is mostly of seasoned toon wood, with very few or no carved decorations. It often has a dark polish, the inlay decorations are mostly of mother of pearl. The number of strings is often limited to eleven but may extend to thirteen
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