1.
Yonge Street
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Yonge Street is a major arterial route connecting the shores of Lake Ontario in Toronto to Lake Simcoe, a gateway to the Upper Great Lakes. Yonge Street is actually 86 kilometres long, the construction of Yonge Street is designated an Event of National Historic Significance in Canada. Yonge Street was fundamental in the planning and settlement of western Upper Canada in the 1790s. Once the southernmost leg of Highway 11, linking the capital with northern Ontario, today, no section of Yonge Street is a provincial highway. The street was named by Ontarios first colonial administrator, John Graves Simcoe, for his friend Sir George Yonge, in Toronto and York Region, Yonge Street is the north-south baseline from which street numbering is reckoned east and west. See the Public Transit section below, Yonge Street originates on the northern shore of Toronto Bay at Queens Quay, a four-lane arterial road proceeding north by north-west. Torontos Harbourfront is built on landfill extended into the bay, with the industrial area now converted from port, rail. The street passes under the elevated Gardiner Expressway and the rail lines of the Toronto viaduct on their approach to Union Station. The road rises slightly near Front Street, marking the pre-landfill shoreline, beyond Front Street the road passes through the east side of the Financial District, within sight of many of Canadas tallest buildings, fronting an entrance to the Allen Lambert Galleria. Between Front Street and Queen Street, Yonge Street is bounded by historic and commercial buildings, the east side has two historic performance venues, the Ed Mirvish Theatre and the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres. In addition, Massey Hall is located just to the east on Shuter Street, opposite the Eaton Centre lies Yonge-Dundas Square. It is used for public events. Another stretch of busy retail lines both sides of Yonge Street north of Dundas Street, including Sam the Record Man until its closure on June 30,2007, the density of businesses diminishes north of Gerrard Street, residential towers flank this section. The Art Deco College Park building, a shopping complex of the T. Eaton Company, occupies most of the west side of Yonge Street from Gerrard Street north to College Street and it was converted into a residential and commercial complex after the building of the Eaton Centre. From College Street north to Bloor Street, Yonge Street serves smaller street-level retail, the intersection of Yonge and Bloor Streets is a major crossroads of Toronto, informally considered the northern edge of the downtown core. Subway Line 2 Bloor–Danforth intersects the Yonge line here, with the transfers between lines making Bloor-Yonge Station the busiest in the city. The Hudsons Bay Centre and Two Bloor West office towers dominate the corner, the Mink Miles borders extend from Yonge to Avenue Road along Bloor
2.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
3.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
Torstar
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Torstar Corporation is a Canadian media and publishing company. The company is primarily a publisher of daily and community papers, including its flagship and namesake, Torstar was founded after the Ontario government passed a law barring the provisions of late-Toronto Star owner Joseph Atkinsons will from being enacted. Atkinson had bequeathed the newspaper to an organization he had founded. The Progressive Conservative provincial government of George Drew passed a law banning charitable organizations from operating profitable entities such as newspapers, rather than sell the newspaper, the trustees of the Atkinson Foundation bought out the Star privately and founded Torstar as a private corporation. On November 26,2010, it was announced that the Canadian Press news agency would be taken over by a for-profit corporation, in December 2011, Torstar acquired a 25% minority stake in specialty television channel owner Blue Ant Media. The division also owns a stake in the Canadian edition of the Chinese-language Sing Tao Daily, the Metroland Media Group division owns two daily newspapers—The Hamilton Spectator and the Waterloo Region Record as well as more than 100 community papers, and other community-oriented properties. On July 29,2015, Torstar announced its acquisition of a 56% majority stake in VerticalScope, the company operates websites and message boards that focus on niche categories—particularly within the automotive industry. Torstar CEO David Holland explained that the purchase was designed to bolster the presence in digital media. Torstar owns a 20% stake in the Victoria, British Columbia-based newspaper publisher Black Press, Torstar launched a weekly celebrity-based magazine called Scoop in 2005, which folded one year later. In 1995, JCI was selected to be one of the first content providers selected for Microsofts MSN network prior to MSNs launch in the mid-1990s, by early 1996, JCI potentially had a dominant position in Canadas on-line classified ads with Southam also taking a stake in the company. Shortly after Conrad Blacks Hollinger took over of Southam, financing for JCI was pulled and this caused some controversy because CTVgm owned The Globe and Mail, a competing newspaper to Torstars own Toronto Star. There were no editorial hurdles between the two newspapers however, Torstar announced in September 2010 it had entered into agreements to sell its shares. The sale was completed in 2011, on May 2,2014, Torstar announced the sale of Harlequin Enterprises, a publisher of romance novels, to HarperCollins for $415 million
6.
Toronto Star
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The Toronto Star is a Canadian broadsheet daily newspaper. It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. a division of Star Media Group, the Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation The World owned a 51% interest in it as a silent partner. That arrangement only lasted for two months, during time it was rumoured that William Findlay Billy Maclean, the Worlds proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken, the paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within the year, and several owners followed in succession until Sir William Mackenzie bought it in 1896 and its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Nicholls, moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night. This would continue until Joseph E, holy Joe Atkinson, backed by funds raised by supporters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, bought the paper. The supporters included Senator George Cox, William Mulock, Peter Charles Larkin, Atkinson was the Stars editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. Its early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw the paper one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the welfare state, old age pensions, unemployment insurance. The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as a radical in the best sense of that term, the Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King, Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star. The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era, for decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism, along with advocating social change. From 1910 to 1973, the Star published a weekend supplement, shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of the paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the papers liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act, barring charitable organizations from owning parts of profit-making businesses. It would continue to supply sponsored content to the CRBCs station CRCT, in 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay. The original Star Building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place, the new building originally housed the papers presses. In 1992, the plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 &400 interchange in Vaughan. In September 2002, the logo was changed, and The was dropped from the papers, during the 2003 blackout, the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland, Ontario
7.
Liquor Control Board of Ontario
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The Liquor Control Board of Ontario is a Crown corporation that retails and distributes alcoholic beverages throughout the province of Ontario, Canada. It is accountable to the Ontario Ministry of Finance and it was established in 1927 on the advice of Ontario Premier Howard Ferguson, to sell liquor, wine, and beer. Such sales had been banned outright in 1916, thus, the creation of the LCBO marked an easing of the provinces temperance regime, many of these outlets are located at the wineries, breweries or distilleries themselves, certain wine retail shops are located within grocery stores. Beverages sold at bars and restaurants must be consumed on the establishments premises, as of July 11,2016, LCBO accepts Apple Pay in each of their 654 stores in the province, allowing contactless payment for all purchases of liquor. The LCBO was created in 1927 with the end of prohibition which had introduced in the province in 1916. The Liquor Control Act authorized the LCBO to control the sale, transportation, Brewers Retail was created to sell beer in a controlled manner while wines and spirits were sold in LCBO outlets. Wineries and breweries were allowed to sell from their own stores. The Conservative government of Howard Ferguson contested the 1926 provincial election on a platform of easing the temperance law, on being re-elected, it introduced the Liquor Control Act as a compromise between the complete prohibition demanded by the temperance movement and the unregulated sale of alcohol. Premier Ferguson stated that the Liquor Control Act was, to allow people to exercise a God-given freedom under reasonable restrictions. Ferguson was further quoted as saying the purpose of the LCBO was to promote temperance sobriety, personal liberty and, above all, to restore respect for the law. To achieve these goals LCBO was mandated by Ferguson’s Government to employ a mechanism in order to know “exactly who is buying and how much. From 1927-1962 the LCBO required people who wanted to purchase liquor to possess a permit and they had to present these permits at the point of purchase, and the clerk at the liquor store would enter information about what, precisely, the individual purchased. Residents applied for and received individually-numbered liquor permits, a temporary permit was a single sheet form with 6 digit number with effective and expiry dates. This was issued until the yearly permit form was received and it was also provided to non-resident visitors. In 1957 Permit books were replaced with permit cards and these cards held the permit holder’s name and their permit number and also were needed in order to purchase liquor at the LCBO. The purchase order form would be handed to an LCBO employee along with the individual’s liquor permit and he would “examine permit and see to what extent the purchaser has been buying liquor. If purchaser has exceeded a reasonable quantity per week, note permit number and address and this meant a store employee could deny a sale to a customer if his intended purchases may be considered too large for one person to reasonably consume. Purchase order forms remained in use into the 1970s when the LCBO changed to a self serve format, to control what it considered to be excessive purchases or other abuses of the permit privilege the LCBO employed a list called the interdiction list
8.
Ontario Clean Water Agency
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It also operated 116 municipally owned water and sewage facilities. Ownership of the facilities was transferred to the municipalities, but OCWA was not sold, by 2000, OCWA operated and maintained more than 300 municipally-owned water and sewage treatment facilities on behalf of about 200 Ontario municipalities. In May 2000, an outbreak of E. coli contamination occurred in the system of Walkerton. In the aftermath of the disaster and the reforms to water treatment. This included a complete flushing of all the pipes in Walkerton, Water supply and sanitation in Canada Ontario Clean Water Agency
9.
International Style (architecture)
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A visually weightless quality engendered by the use of cantilever construction. Glass and steel, in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete, are the materials of the construction. Commissioned in 1931 by the director of the Museum of Modern Art, Alfred H. Barr Jr. The original exhibition catalogue was then followed up immediately by the book titled The International Style, the aesthetics-based definition of The International Style identified, categorized and expanded upon characteristics said to be common to Modernism across the world and its stylistic aspects. Hitchcock and Johnson identified three principles, the expression of volume rather than mass, the emphasis on rather than preconceived symmetry. The aim of Hitchcock and Johnson was to define a style that would encapsulate this modern architecture, all the works in the 1932 Museum of Modern Art exhibition were carefully selected, only displaying those that strictly followed these rules. Many Modernists disliked the term, believing that they had arrived at an approach to architecture that transcended style, the British architectural historian Sir Nikolaus Pevsner commented, To me what had been achieved in 1914 was the style of the century. It never occurred to me to look beyond, here was the one and only style which fitted all those aspects which mattered, aspects of economics and sociology, of materials and function. It seems folly to think anybody would wish to abandon it. The exhibition Modern Architecture, International Exhibition opened on February 9,1932, at the Museum of Modern Art, in the Heckscher Building at Fifth Avenue and 56th Street in New York. In the largest exhibition space, Room C, were works by Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Room B was a section titled Housing, presenting the need for a new domestic environment” as it had been identified by historian and critic Lewis Mumford. In Room D were works by Raymond Hood and Richard Neutra, among these works was shown Alvar Aaltos Turun Sanomat newspaper offices building in Turku, Finland. The exhibition is significant for its approach to the architectural exhibition. Highly curated in nature, the 1932 exhibition was driven by a desire to promote and consolidate the theory of international modernism, as such, the exhibition featured prominently the work of the core of the modernist group. With Van Der Rohe, Corbusier, Oud, and Gropius at the forefront, moMAs then director Alfred H. Barr hired art historians Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock to curate the museums first architectural exhibition. In 1929, Johnson attended the ceremony of his sister in Wellesley College, where he met Barr. In one month, Barr would be interviewed by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller for the position of the director of the MOMA, Barr added Johnson to MOMAs Junior Advisory Committee. Hitchcock graduated in 1924 after having completed his studies in three years and spending his senior year in architecture
10.
Old Toronto Star Building
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The Old Toronto Star Building was an Art Deco office tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the headquarters of the Toronto Star newspaper from 1929 until 1970 and it was demolished to make way for the First Canadian Place tower. The building was located at 80 King Street West, the building was designed by the firm of Chapman and Oxley and opened in 1929. It was 22 storeys and 88 metres tall, the front facade around the main entrance was clad in granite, the entrance itself having a bronze screen. The first three floors of the building were clad in granite, the floors in limestone. On the third floor, the facade was wrapped in elaborate stonework in geometric and floral motifs, which adorned the interior. The first six floors were built in reinforced concrete, while the tower was built with a steel frame. The first six stories held the offices of the Star, the 21st floor housed the newspapers radio studios. The ground floor facing King Street housed a few retail stores, the basement had a restaurant and barbershop. Some stonework from the building can be found at Guild Park and Gardens, superman co-creator Joe Shuster used the building as a model for the Daily Planet Building
11.
First Canadian Place
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First Canadian Place is a skyscraper in Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, at the northwest corner of King and Bay streets, and serves as the global headquarters of the Bank of Montreal. At 298 m, it is Canadas tallest skyscraper and the 15th tallest building in North America to structural top and 9th highest to the top. It is the third tallest free-standing structure in Canada, after the CN Tower, first Canadian Place is named for Canadas first bank, the Bank of Montreal. The site was the last of corners of King and Bay to be redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, first Canadian Place was the 6th tallest building in the world to structural top and the tallest building overall outside of Chicago and New York when built in 1975. It was also the tallest building in the Commonwealth of Nations until the completion of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1998. The Bank of Montreal M-bar logo at the top of the building was the highest sign in the world from 1975 until overtaken by the sign atop CITIC Plaza in 1997, the roof is still the location of a number of antennas used for radio and television broadcasting. The structure contains 29 elevators, and is one of only a few buildings in the world uses the double-decked variety. The building was pictured on the front and rear cover of the 1981 album This Is the Ice Age by Canadian New Wave band Martha And The Muffins & also their 7 single Women Around The World At Work. The album featured two photos which were taken from the place but at different times by Muffins guitarist Mark Gane using a time lapse camera. The 7 cover again features the photo but has 9 small images taken at various times of the day & night. The rejuvenation program design architects were Moed de Armas & Shannon Architects, the entire project, completed in 2012, cost was in excess of CA$100 million, paid by the owner. This extensive capital improvement project was intended to provide a new exterior for FCP and eliminate the maintenance costs associated with marble upkeep
12.
Queens Quay (Toronto)
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Queens Quay is a prominent street in the Harbourfront neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The road supplanted both Front Street and Lake Shore Boulevard as the most southerly east-west corridor in the city when it was created on reclaimed land in the inner harbour, sometime after 1919 to the early 1920s the inner harbour was filled in and new slips were created. Queens Quay continues to go through a significant transformation, originally, it served as an access road for the various ports and slips in the inner harbour. However, the industrial uses along Queens Quay were slowly replaced by commercial and residential uses. Between 1975 and 1979, a cluster of large, concrete towers were erected at the foot of Bay Street, south of Queens Quay, in 1990, the 40-storey York Quay towers were built and remain the tallest buildings on Queens Quay. The scale and density of these and subsequent high-rise development along Queens Quay were criticized for blocking the lake, in 1999, the Toronto Transit Commission opened a dedicated streetcar right-of-way in the median from Bay Street to Bathurst Street. In 2001, the city set out to improve Queens Quay by reclaiming public space for pedestrians. This resulted in the Waterfront Toronto Central Waterfront Public Realm International Design Competition, in August 2006, the city closed the two eastbound lanes, replacing them with bike lanes as part of the Martin Goodman Trail and additional pedestrian space. The experiment resulted in a public realm and more visitors to the overall waterfront area. The plan will restrict Queens Quay to two lanes, on the north side of the streetcar tracks, similar to the design of the 2006 experiment. Additionally, the calls for the beautification and extension of the Harbourfront streetcar line along Queens Quay East between Yonge and Cherry Street. The transit right-of-way will be grass-covered, in 2013 two open spaces opens, Ontario Square and Canada Square. The former is a public space and the latter a green area. Both replace the parking lot, which is now underground. Queens Quay is served by two lines, operating on a dedicated right-of-way. The 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina both terminate at Union Station and run along Queens Quay from Bay Street, westward, at Spadina Avenue, the 510 heads north to Spadina Station, and the 509 continues west, bound for the Exhibition Loop. Originally there was to have been a station in front of the Westin Harbour Castle Hotel. This plan was cancelled when the management became unwilling to share in the cost
13.
Ontario Highway 11
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Kings Highway 11, commonly referred to as Highway 11, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. At 1,784.9 kilometres, it is the second longest highway in the province, North and west of North Bay, Highway 11 forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway. The highway is part of MOMs Way between Thunder Bay and Rainy River. Although many of the roads that make up the route were constructed before the highway was designated, at the time, it only extended to north of Orillia. In 1937, the route was extended to Hearst, northwest of Timmins, the route was extended to Nipigon by 1943. In 1965, Highway 11 was extended to Rainy River, bringing it to its maximum length, the section through Barrie and south to Toronto was decommissioned as a provincial highway in 1998. Since then, ongoing construction resulted in the highway being four-laned as far north as North Bay by 2012, a section concurrent with Highway 17 was rebuilt as a divided highway in the early 2010s, while construction of a twin-span bridge at Nipigon is underway. The earliest established section of Highway 11 is Yonge Street, though it is no longer under provincial jurisdiction, Yonge Street was built under the order of the first Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, John Graves Simcoe. Fearing imminent attack by the United States, he sought to create a route between York and Lake Simcoe. In doing so, he would create a means of reaching the upper Great Lakes. In late 1793, Simcoe determined the route of his new road, the following spring, he instructed Deputy Surveyor General Augustus Jones to blaze a small trail marking the route. Simcoe initiated construction of the road by granting land to settlers, in the summer of 1794, William Berczy was the first to take up the offer, leading a group of 64 families north-east of Toronto to found the town of German Mills, in modern Markham. By the end of 1794, Berczys settlers had cleared the route around Thornhill, however, the settlement was hit by a series of setbacks and road construction stalled. Work on the road resumed in 1795 when the Queens Rangers took over and they began their work at Eglinton Avenue and proceeded north, reaching the site of St. Albans on February 16,1796. The southern end of the road was in use in the first decade of the 19th century, for several years the Holland River and Lake Simcoe provided the only means of transportation, Holland Landing was the northern terminus of Yonge Street. The military route to Georgian Bay prior to, and during the War of 1812, crossed Lake Simcoe to the head of Kempenfelt Bay, then by the Nine Mile Portage to Willow Creek, the Penetanguishene Military Post was started before the war. However, lacking a suitable transport route, passage from York to Lake Huron continued via the Nottawasaga. The Penetanguishene Road, begun in 1814, replaced this route by the time the military post was opened in 1817, in 1824, work began to extend Yonge Street to Kempenfelt Bay near Barrie
14.
Vaughan
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Vaughan is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is within the region of York, just north of Toronto, Vaughan was the fastest-growing municipality in Canada between 1996 and 2006, achieving a population growth rate of 80. 2% according to Statistics Canada having nearly doubled in population since 1991. It is the fifth-largest city in the Greater Toronto Area, in the late pre-contact period, the Huron-Wendat people populated what is today Vaughan. The Skandatut ancestral Huron village overlooked the east branch of the Humber River and was home to approximately 2000 Huron in the sixteenth century. The township was named after Benjamin Vaughan, a British commissioner who signed a treaty with the United States in 1783. Despite the hardships of life, settlers came to Vaughan in considerable numbers. The population grew from 19 men,5 women, and 30 children in 1800 to 4,300 in 1840, the first people to arrive were mainly Pennsylvania Germans, with a smaller number of families of English descent and a group of French Royalists. This migration from the United States was by 1814 superseded by immigrants from Britain, while many of their predecessors had been agriculturalists, the newer immigrants proved to be highly skilled tradespeople, which would prove useful for a growing community. Vaughan changed little in its history, from the 1840s when the number of inhabitants stood at 4,300 to 1935 when it had 4,873 residents. However, World War II sparked an influx of immigration, and by 1960, as well, the ethno-cultural composition of the area began to change with the arrival of different groups such as Italians, Jews and Eastern Europeans. Incorporated in 1850 as Vaughan Township, a government was established. In 1991, it changed its legal status to City of Vaughan. An F2 tornado tore through the city of Vaughan during the Southern Ontario Tornado Outbreak on August 20,2009. Premier Dalton McGuinty and Mayor Linda Jackson toured the destruction the day and reported 200 homes in critical shape. The tornado also ripped up trees, flipped cars, and left thousands of people without power, Vaughan declared a state of emergency because of the widespread damage. One man injured in the storm suffered an attack the following morning. Vaughan City Council has nine members, the mayor, three councillors, and five local councillors. The mayor, elected at large, is the head of Vaughan council, the three regional councillors are elected to represent Vaughan at both local and regional levels of government
15.
Brutalism
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Brutalist architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. The term originates from the French word for raw in the used by Le Corbusier to describe his choice of material béton brut. British architectural critic Reyner Banham adapted the term into brutalism to identify the emerging style, there is often an emphasis on graphically expressing in the external elevations and in the whole-site architectural plan the main functions and people-flows of the buildings. Brutalism became popular for educational buildings, but was rare for corporate projects. Brutalism became favoured for government projects, high-rise housing. In one critical appraisal by Banham, Brutalism was posited not as a style, Brutalism as an architectural critical term was not always consistently used by critics, architects themselves usually avoided using it altogether. More recently, brutalism has become used in popular discourse to refer to buildings of the twentieth century that are large or unpopular – as a synonym for brutal. The term brutalism was originally coined by the Swedish architect Hans Asplund to describe Villa Göth in Uppsala, designed in 1949 by his contemporaries Bengt Edman and he originally used the Swedish-language term nybrutalism, which was picked up by a group of visiting English architects, including Michael Ventris. In England, the term was adopted by architects Alison. The best known proto Brutalist architecture is the work of the Swiss architect Le Corbusier, in particular his 1952 Unité dHabitation, Brutalist buildings are usually formed with repeated modular elements forming masses representing specific functional zones, distinctly articulated and grouped together into a unified whole. Concrete is used for its raw and unpretentious honesty, contrasting dramatically with the refined and ornamented buildings constructed in the elite Beaux-Arts style. Surfaces of cast concrete are made to reveal the nature of its construction. Brutalist building materials include brick, glass, steel, rough-hewn stone. Another common theme in Brutalist designs is the exposure of the buildings functions—ranging from their structure, from another perspective, the design of the Hunstanton School included placing the facilitys water tank, normally a hidden service feature, in a prominent, visible tower. This style had a position in the architecture of European communist countries from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s. In Czechoslovakia brutalism was presented as an attempt to create a national, John Andrewss government and institutional structures in Australia also exhibit the style. In the United States Paul Rudolph and Ralph Rapson are both noted Brutalists, Walter Netsch is known for his Brutalist academic buildings. Marcel Breuer was known for his approach to the style
16.
William H. Wright Building
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The William H. Wright Building was a six-storey office building located at 140 King Street West in Toronto, Ontario, at the corner of King and York streets. Designed by the firm Mathers and Haldenby and built between 1937 and 1938, it was one of Torontos best examples of streamline moderne architecture, the building was home to the Globe and Mail newspaper and was named after the founder of that paper, William Henry Wright. In 1974 it was demolished to make way for the new Exchange Tower, the main door of the original building was retained and installed at the Globe and Mails subsequent home on Front Street. Additional sculptural elements from the structure may be found at Guild Park, the street address once occupied by the 1937 Globe and Mail Building is part of the First Canadian Place complex and is now occupied by the Exchange Tower. The plans for the William H. Wright Building are held at the Archives of Ontario as part of the Mathers, art Deco Architecture in Toronto, A Guide to the Citys Buildings from the Roaring Twenties and the Depression
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Toronto Sun Building
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The former Toronto Sun Building, at 333 King Street East at Sherbourne was built as the home of one of Torontos daily English language newspapers, the Toronto Sun. Built in 1975, with a floor added subsequently, the most notable feature of the structure was the large mural on the south side. The mural was 55 metres wide and 7.6 metres high and it was done in 1993 for the Sun by artist John Hood to celebrate the bicentennial of the founding of York. It depicts two hundred years of events in the city. In 2010, the building was sold to First Gulf, in 2013, it was announced that the tower at 351 King Street East will house the Globe and Mail newspaper on five floors and be named the The Globe and Mail Centre. Occupancy began in December 2016 with the newspaper committed to a 15-year lease, from 1805 to 1846 the site of 333 King was the location of the York Hotel. The hotel and tavern was built for John Jordan and later operated by Jane Jordan until 1846, the hotel was a 1 1/2 storey building with a laneway to stables for horses and stagecoaches at the back. The Legislature of Upper Canada sat there for one sitting in 1813 in the hotels ballroom, the move was completed on March 25,2016, nine months prior to the Globe and Mail moving in next door
18.
SkyscraperPage
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SkyscraperPage is an internet forum for skyscraper hobbyists and enthusiasts that tracks existing and proposed skyscrapers around the world. SkyscraperPage. com drawings have appeared in National Geographics website, Wired, Condé Nast, The Globe and they are based in Victoria, British Columbia. The site has a database of scale-model illustration skyscrapers and other major macro-engineering projects, the scale of the drawings are one pixel per meter. The images are created using pixel art, using these diagrams, skyscrapers and other tall structures from any cities can be compared. General information is given about each structure, such as the location, the year built, if available. In 2008, the site had over 22,000 custom made drawings of skyscrapers, there were 600 artists signed up with the site, about half of whom were active. List of Internet forums List of tallest buildings in the world
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Emporis
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Emporis GmbH is a real estate data mining company with headquarters in Hamburg, Germany. The company collects and publishes data and photographs of buildings worldwide, Emporis offers a variety of information on its public database, Emporis. com, located at www. emporis. com. Emporis is frequently cited by media sources as an authority on building data. Emporis previously focused exclusively on high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, which it defines as buildings between 35 and 100 metres tall and at least 100 metres tall, respectively, today, the database has expanded to include low-rise buildings and other structures. Michael Wutzke started a website about skyscrapers in Frankfurt in 1996, in 2000 he started skyscrapers. com which was folded into Emporis in 2003. In 2004, Stephan R. Boehm assumed the role of Chairman, Wutzke was Chief Technology Officer and managing director until 2010, when he left the company. In 2007 venture capital firm Neuhaus Partners and KfW Bankengruppe invested several million Euro in the company, effective January 1,2009, the company moved its headquarters from Darmstadt to Frankfurt. In 2011, the company moved from Frankfurt to Hamburg, in 2000 a group of Emporis senior editors began presenting the Emporis Skyscraper Award. Eligible buildings are selected from a list of all buildings in the world at least 100 meters tall which were completed that year
20.
CN Tower
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The CN Tower is a 553.3 m-high concrete communications and observation tower in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976, becoming the worlds tallest free-standing structure and it held both records for 34 years until the completion of Burj Khalifa and Canton Tower in 2010. Its name CN originally referred to Canadian National, the company that built the tower. Since the name CN Tower became common in usage, the abbreviation was eventually expanded to Canadian National Tower or Canadas National Tower. However, neither of these names is commonly used, in 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers, where it holds second-place ranking and these plans evolved over the next few years, and the project became official in 1972. Key project team members were NCK Engineering as structural engineer, John Andrews Architects, Webb, Zerafa, Menkes, Housden Architects, Foundation Building Construction, and Canron. As Toronto grew rapidly during the late 1960s and early 1970s, multiple skyscrapers were constructed in the downtown core, the reflective nature of the new buildings compromised the quality of broadcast signals necessitating new, higher antennas that were at least 300 m tall. At the time, most data communications took place over point-to-point microwave links, as each new skyscraper was added to the downtown, former line-of-sight links were no longer possible. CN intended to rent hub space for microwave links, visible from almost any building in the Toronto area. S, the original plan for the tower envisioned a tripod consisting of three independent cylindrical pillars linked at various heights by structural bridges. Had it been built, this design would have considerably shorter. The idea for the level in its current form evolved around this time. One engineer in particular felt that visitors would feel the higher observation deck would be worth paying extra for, Construction on the CN Tower began on February 6,1973, with massive excavations at the tower base for the foundation.7 m. This portion of the construction was rapid, with only four months needed between the start and the foundation being ready for construction on top. To build the support pillar, a hydraulically raised slipform was built at the base. This was an impressive engineering feat on its own, consisting of a large metal platform that raised itself on jacks at about 6 m per day as the concrete below set. In total, the tower contains 40,500 m3 of concrete, through the pour, the vertical accuracy of the tower was maintained by comparing the slip forms location to massive plumb bobs hanging from it, observed by small telescopes from the ground. Over the height of the tower, it varies from true vertical accuracy by only 29 mm, in August 1974, construction of the main level commenced
21.
Scotia Plaza
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Scotia Plaza is a commercial office complex in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 275 m, Scotia Plaza is Canadas third tallest building and it is connected to the PATH network, and contains 190,000 m2 of office space on 68 floors and 40 retail stores. The complex was developed by Olympia and York as an expansion of the adjacent headquarters of Scotiabank, the tower incorporates the historic Beaux-Arts Bank of Nova Scotia Building at 44 King Street West, by architects Mathers and Haldenby with Beck and Eadie, constructed between 1946 and 1951. WZMH Architects designed the tower which was constructed between 1985 and 1988. Excavation for the tower extended 33.5 m, the deepest for a building in Canadas history, the tower consists of 68 storeys above ground and 6 storeys below ground with a parallelogram floorplan. Red Napoleon Granite, quarried in Sweden, cut and polished in Italy, then imported to Canada, covers much of the exterior, windows are dark tinted glass framed by the granite. The north and south facades follow a step profile giving many floors over 12 desirable corner offices, the east and west façades feature a deeply recessed, stepped-chevron extending between floors 56 and 68. The area within the chevron is covered with the glass in metal frames. Instead of a skeleton to bear structural loads, the tower employs high strength reinforced concrete. The tower has two wings extending east to 104 Yonge Street and north to 11 Adelaide Street West. The Adelaide wing incorporates the historic façade of the Wood Gundy Building, previously located at 40 King Street West, the towers project and construction managers were Goldie-Burgess Ltd. followed by W. Tamm Consulting Limited. Within the basement levels lies Canadas only gold bullion bank vault, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Tour Scotia in Montreal Scotia Place in Edmonton Scotia Plaza
22.
The Adelaide Hotel Toronto
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Trump International Hotel and Tower, Toronto is a mixed-use skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was built by Markham-based Talon International Development Inc. which is owned by Val Levitan and Canadian businessman Alex Shnaider and it is named for American real estate developer and President of the United States, Donald Trump, a minority shareholder in the project. The tower is located in the Financial District, at 311 Bay Street, on the southeast corner of Bay, construction began with the removal of the sales centre in September 2007, but the official groundbreaking was on October 12,2007. The hotel portion of the tower was planned to be completed in late 2011, the tower was projected to be completed in early 2012. The building topped out in early September 2011, and the spire was raised on September 24,2011, Trump Tower is the third tallest skyscraper in Canada, the tallest mixed-use building in the city and fourth tallest structure in the city. The hotel opened for business on January 31,2012, work on the top of the building continued until completion in July 2012 with the activation of two high intensity aircraft warning lights. The 65-storey Trump International Hotel & Tower is 276.9 m tall and is clad with a steel, glass, the building includes 260 luxury hotel rooms and 109 condominiums. The top two floors of the section house a 5,486 m2 spa. It was built by Zeidler Roberts Partnership and is the tallest mixed-use building in Canada, floors 2-31 occupies the hotel while 32-57 occupies residential. Residential suites range in size from 207 m2, and were designed with upscale fixtures and 3.4 to 4 m ceilings, suite prices started at C$1.2 million. There are 4-6 suites per floor, residents have a separate entrance and elevators from hotel guests. Builders planned to connect the building to Torontos underground PATH network, lewis Builds Corporation, a construction and development manager in downtown Toronto, was the construction manager for this project. The building was built from a vacant lot surrounded by Scotia Plaza, developer Harry Stinson intended to create a friendly rivalry with Trump for the tallest mixed-use building in Canada with the Sapphire Tower. As a result, the heights of both projects were revised several times in an attempt to outdo each other, and Stinsons skyscraper would have been 17 metres taller in its last design. However, the Sapphire Tower failed to approval of city council. At that time, the Trump Towers design was scaled back. Talon counter-sued the investors who did not pay the purchase price by December 13,2012. Matlow stated that renaming the building would allow Talon International Development to disassociate itself, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice approved the request to appoint a receiver on November 4,2016
23.
Aura (Toronto)
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The Aura is a mixed-use skyscraper completed in 2014. in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the phase of a series of new condominiums near College Park in Torontos Downtown Yonge district. It is part of the Residences of College Park project, as of 2016, it is the 6th tallest residential building outside of Asia and the 23rd tallest residential building in the world. The original design proposed two towers, the building would have featured a ten-storey podium, with two towers on top. The taller tower would have been 60 storeys and 196.5 m tall, the shorter tower would have been 20 stories and 74.5 m tall. The lower floors of the building were occupied while the floors were still being constructed. Floors 1-31 were opened for occupancy in Fall 2013, while floors 32-80 were still bare concrete, the second set of floors,32 to 57, were occupied in spring 2014. The final phase, floors 58-80, were expected to be completed in December 2014, the semi-transparent metal and high-tempered brick 78-storey tower has approximately 100,000 m² of residential space. This makes Aura Canadas tallest and largest residential building, the residential portion of the tower is built above a three-storey podium which has approximately 14,000 m² of retail space. The building has a patio on the 5th floor and a 40,000 square-foot fitness facility, formerly called Hard Candy Fitness. There is fast food court in the basement level of the building, the complex is not connected to PATH, but unit owners are suing the developer for stating the possible connection when units were sold. City staff have indicated the connection with PATH may be years away, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Aura on Skyscraperpage Aura on Emporis Aura on urbandb. com
24.
Brookfield Place (Toronto)
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Brookfield Place is an office complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, comprising the 2.1 ha block bounded by Yonge Street, Wellington Street West, Bay Street, and Front Street. The complex contains 242,000 m2 of office space, Brookfield Place is also the home of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Bay Wellington Tower is a 49-story office tower, designed by Bregman + Hamann Architects, the TD Canada Trust Tower is noted for its recessed design and spire on the upper levels and stands at 53 storeys. Until July 2015, the TD logo was displayed on the Canada Trust Tower. Although Brookfield Place is an office complex, it contains a significant heritage component. In the 19th century, this block was described in the Globe newspaper as the most valuable business block in the city, although much of it was subsequently destroyed in the 1904 Toronto fire. The facade of the 1890s-era Merchants Bank building, originally located on Wellington Street, was similarly restored, although it was moved and incorporated into the Allen Lambert Galleria. The opulent former Bank of Montreal branch at the northwest corner of Yonge and Front streets, built in 1885, also part of the complex. It contains portraits of all Hall of Fame inductees, and houses a number of hockey trophies, Brookfield Place is connected to the underground PATH system and to the subway. Allen Lambert Galleria, sometimes described as the cathedral of commerce, is an atrium designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava which connects Bay Street with Sam Pollock Square. The Galleria was the result of a competition and was incorporated into the development in order to satisfy the City of Torontos public art requirements. It is a frequently photographed space, and is featured as a backdrop for news reports, as well as TV. Brookfield Place serves as the headquarters for Brookfield Office Properties, which owns the Bay Wellington Tower section of the complex, the TD Tower section was owned in entirety by the Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System through its subsidiary Oxford Properties. According to the Financial Post, A spokesman for PSP would not confirm the deal had taken place, the swap valued the 50% stake in the tower at C$465 million, or C$750 per square foot, a record for commercial property in Canada
25.
Commerce Court
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Commerce Court is a complex of four office buildings on King and Bay Streets in the financial district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, The primary tenant is the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. The buildings are a mix of Art Deco, International, the first building, now known as Commerce Court North, was opened in 1931 as the headquarters of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, a precursor bank to the current main tenant. The building was the site of Torontos first Wesleyan Methodist Church, from 1887 to 1927 it was home to a seven storey head office of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, which was demolished to make way for Commerce Court North. The Canadian Bank of Commerce head office was designed by the Canadian firm Pearson and Darling with the American bank specialists York, structural engineering was provided by Harkness and Hertzberg. The 34-storey limestone clad tower was the tallest building in the British Empire/Commonwealth for roughly three decades, until 1962, at the time of its construction, the building was one of the most opulent corporate headquarters in Canada, and featured a public observation deck. Commerce Court East and Commerce Court South are glass and applied masonry structures also by Pei Cobb Freed & Partners with Page and Steele in 1972. In 1994, Zeidler Partnership Architects was commissioned to renovate the Commerce Court urban plaza, the area at the base of Commerce Court West. There are 65 retails shops in the plaza below the complex, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce sold the complex in April,2000, now managed by GWL Realty Advisors, but the head office of the bank remains the anchor tenant. On Wednesday, January 9,2008, a portion of a CIBC sign at the top of the Commerce Court West building blew off as a result of wind gusts, police cordoned off the area as a precaution. As a result, Bay St. from Front to Richmond, Toronto Transit Commission service was diverted. This took place eight months after a piece of white marble panel fell from the 60th storey of the First Canadian Place building, the sculptures were installed on site in 2005 on loan from the L. L. Odette Foundation of Windsor, Ontario. In popular culture, the plaza was used as a stand-in for Wall Street in a pair of Kids In The Hall sketches featuring Mr. Tyzik, the Headcrusher
26.
Toronto-Dominion Centre
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The Toronto-Dominion Centre, or TD Centre, is a cluster of buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, owned by Cadillac Fairview. It has six towers and a pavilion covered in bronze-tinted glass and it serves as the global headquarters of the Toronto-Dominion Bank, and provides office and retail space for many other businesses. About 21,000 people work in the complex, making it the largest in Canada, the project was the inspiration of Allen Lambert, former President and Chairman of the Board of the Toronto-Dominion Bank. Phyllis Lambert recommended Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as design consultant to the architects, Parkin and Associates and Bregman + Hamann, and the Fairview Corporation as the developer. The towers were completed between 1967 and 1991, an additional building was built outside the campus and purchased in 1998. The light as it moves across the surfaces, playing the mullions like stringed instruments. The height of each of Miess two towers is proportioned to its width and depth, though they, as well as based on his style, are of different heights. On the topmost accessible floor of the Toronto-Dominion Bank Tower was an indoor observation platform. As the tower was, when completed, the tallest in the city and this floor has since been converted to leased office space. On the level below is a restaurant on the south side, the Ernst & Young Tower contains in its base the former Toronto Stock Exchange building, built in 1937. The new edifice deviates from the strict Miesian aesthetic of all the towers to accommodate the Art Deco facade of the older building within its own. The banking pavilion is a structure housing the main branch of the bank. The TD Centre pavilion was described by The Globe and Mail as among the best spaces Mies ever made, the banking pavilions living roof, was installed as part of Cadillac Fairviews goal of having the entire complex LEED-certified by 2013. It is intended to protect the building from solar-heat gain. Even signage graphics were restricted to only white backlit letters within a black aluminium panel, gordon Bunshaft, then chief designer of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, was hired by the consortium. Phyllis Lambert objected to this submission, seeing it as too radical, even in a milder climate, it would have been problematic. Bunshaft, due to his refusal to redesign, was relieved of his commission and this left John Parkin, the local architect who would have worked with the American Bunshaft, to design Toronto-Dominion Centre. His firm put forward a model showing a 100-storey, all-concrete tower—to be the largest in the Commonwealth—standing over a plaza with a courtyard containing a circular banking pavilion
27.
Bay Adelaide Centre
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The Bay Adelaide Centre is an office complex in the Financial District of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The first phase, a 51-storey skyscraper known as Bay Adelaide West, was completed in July 2009, the second phase, the 44-storey Bay Adelaide East, was completed in October 2016. A third tower, Bay Adelaide North, is planned, upon completion, the Bay Adelaide Centre will consist of three towers. The first tower, Bay Adelaide West, was completed in 2009 with an area of 108,000 square metres. It is located on the northeast corner of Bay Street and Adelaide Street West, the lobby of the building contains an integrated light art piece by James Turrell. The second tower, Bay Adelaide East, is under construction, and will have an area of 91,045 square metres. Located mid-block between Adelaide Street West and Temperance Street, the tower will have a 6-storey podium extending to the northwest corner of Yonge Street and Adelaide Street West. The future Bay Adelaide North is anticipated to have an area of approximately 46,450 square metres. Unlike the two towers in the complex, the north tower will be located on the north side of Temperance Street. The Bay Adelaide North site is occupied by a one-storey elevator lobby which provides access to the underground concourse. The towers of the Bay Adelaide Centre are connected by a concourse, which extends under Temperance Street. The underground concourse has PATH connections to Scotia Plaza to the south, there is also a four-level underground garage under the complex, with vehicular access from both Adelaide Street West and Richmond Street West. There is a 0. 2-hectare public space, Arnell Plaza, although Arnell Plaza is privately owned, public access has been legally secured by the City of Toronto. The first tower development on the site was a joint project by Markborough Properties and TrizecHahn, the building caused considerable controversy among those opposed to the erection of such massive structures. The tower would have far higher than was allowed by the citys official plan. To gain city halls approval, the developers committed some $80 million towards new social housing, a portion of the site was turned over to the city for use as a park that is now Cloud Gardens. Both of these deals went ahead, despite the tower never having been completed, construction began in 1990, but the developers soon ran into problems. The economy went into recession and office vacancy rates in Toronto rose to 20%, construction was halted, and in 1993, with over $500 million already invested, the project was permanently put on hold
28.
Shangri-La Toronto
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Shangri-La Toronto is a hotel in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was designed by James K. M. Cheng and was built by Westbank Projects Corporation and it is 214 meters tall, and was one of the ten tallest buildings in Toronto. The hotel component is run by Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts and is planned to have 202 guest rooms, the condominium portion occupies the upper floors of the building and consist of 353 units. Excavation of the started in 2008, and work on the parking garage began in early 2009. Shangri-La Toronto is located on University Avenue and Adelaide Street, in an area just west of the Financial District that has rapid growth in recent years. The site was home to a number of smaller structures. The Bishops Block was built in the 1830s by John Bishop who built a series of Georgian row houses on the site, most of the buildings were eventually torn down and replaced with a large parking lot. The one exception a structure that served as one of the citys first hotels and then for decades as a pub, the Pretzel Bell Tavern. It too was abandoned for decades, but as a heritage structure was not torn down. This building was disassembled for the construction of Shangri-La Hotel, Toronto but the developers had pledged to rebuild, prior to excavation the site was the subject to several months of archaeological exploration, and many artifacts from the citys early history were found. Shangri-La Hotel, Toronto was the second deepest excavation for a building in Canadas history at 102 ft and this was done to create an 8 level below grade parking garage. List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto Gray Jeff, Hotel-condo complex gets committee nod The Globe and Mail Hume, brief window into the past, Archeologists have 4 months to excavate a former upscale neighbourhood before another is built
29.
Ritz-Carlton Toronto
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The Ritz-Carlton Toronto is a hotel and luxury condominium skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. At 209.8 m, it is Torontos ninth tallest building and it is located at 181 Wellington Street West, on the western edge of the downtown core and bordering Torontos entertainment district. The hotel opened on 16 February 2011, the 53-story tower is approximately 210 m with a total floor area of 65,030 m2. The exterior consists of an outwardly sloped Neomodern glass facade, giving it a distinctive profile on Torontos skyline, the interior includes 263 hotel rooms as well as 159 Ritz-Carlton managed condominiums. The hotel occupies the lower 20 floors, floors 21 and 22 are used for condominium amenities and some residences, the penthouse suite occupies the entire 52nd floor, while the 53rd floor houses building mechanical equipment. The skyscraper includes a 2,100 m2 spa, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Ritz-Carlton Hotels Official Site Ritz-Carlton Toronto Review Ritz-Carlton Toronto on urbandb. com
30.
Four Seasons Hotel and Residences Toronto
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Located at 60 Yorkville Avenue, at its intersection with Bay Street, the complex is one block east of the previous Four Seasons Hotel Toronto at 21 Avenue Road. The complex was designed by Peter Clewes of architectsAlliance, and developed by Menkes Development Inc, the taller tower is the 10th tallest building in Toronto, but by 2015 its position fell to 15th as other taller buildings were completed. The location had previously been the Bay Ford Lincoln dealership and next door to Toronto Fire Services Station 312, the penthouse, which claims the entire 55th-floor of the West Residence, sold for C$28 million, and is the most expensive condominium sold in Canada. The 55-floor complex contains 259 hotel rooms and 210 private condo suites and it offers a two-storey spa, Café Boulud and bar by international restaurateur and Chef Daniel Boulud, and glass-enclosed event spaces. It was designed by architectsAlliance, with Page and Steele as Architect of Record, the project was developed by Bay-Yorkville Developments Ltd. a joint venture of Alcion Ventures, LP, Menkes Developments and Lifetime Homes, and uses the Four Seasons trademark under licence. Before the ribbon cutting ceremony, Four Seasons chairman and founder Isadore Sharp proclaimed of the new location as. in a category by itself and it is a landmark development for the city of Toronto. There have been several previous Four Seasons properties at other locations in Toronto, the first Four Seasons-operated hotel in Toronto was the Four Seasons Motor Hotel, opened in 1961 at 415 Jarvis Street near Carlton. Built by architect Peter Dickinson, it operated as an inn before it was demolished and replaced by townhouses. The next hotel operated by Four Seasons was the Inn on the Park and it was built in 1972 as the Hyatt Regency Toronto, then it changed ownership and was renamed Four Seasons Hotel Toronto in 1978. It was closed on March 28,2012, the structure was sold to developer Camrost-Felcorp and converted to The New Residences of Yorkville Plaza. The hotels facade was renovated with glass balconies, while the existing podium containing the driveway. The 21 Avenue Road location was popular with celebrities when the Toronto International Film Festival was centred on the Yorkville area, however Four Seasons chairman and founder Isadore Sharp said that 21 Avenue Road location “felt like driving into a garage
31.
EY Tower
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The EY Tower is a skyscraper currently under construction in Toronto, Ontario at 100 Adelaide Street West. The building was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and WZMH Architects,100 Adelaide Street West originally was the Concourse Building, a 14-story Art Deco building that opened in 1928. The building tenant was the Toronto Industrial Commission, which promoted the city as a hub of finance, the building was famous for its mosaics by Group of Seven member J. E. H. The Concourse was designed by the firm of Baldwin and Greene, Oxford Properties took control of the building in 1998 and released plans to replace the Concourse Building with a new tower. The Concourse’s defenders tried to find a buyer for the building, the decision to demolish the Concourse Building was controversial, but the Toronto and East York community councils ultimately voted in favor of the demolition in May 2000, with a vote of 38 to 12. Oxford released plans for the new building on 17 June 2013, the new proposal also announced that the building would be renamed from 100 Adelaide Street West, the street address of the site, to Ernst & Young Tower. Ernst and Young, the tenant of the new building. When finished, EY Tower will be 188 m high, with 42 floors, the base of the new tower will include the south and east walls of the original Concourse Building and will be integrated into the PATH as part of Oxford’s Richmond-Adelaide Centre. The anchor tenants of the building will be Ernst & Young, the new building is already 45% pre-leased. In addition to a new space and renovated entrance through the Concourse Building. When complete, the building will be LEED Platinum certified, the tower is currently under construction and will be completed by 2017. After many stages of planning, the construction started in July 2014. On 23 April 2015, a Toronto man fell 5 metres near the site of EY Tower. He was pronounced dead at the scene, the Tower was topped-out in June 2016
32.
Maple Leaf Square
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Maple Leaf Square is a multi-use complex and public square located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located to the west of the Air Canada Centre in Downtown Toronto in the former Railway Lands, the $500 million development was jointly developed by Cadillac Fairview, Lanterra and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, who owns the nearby Air Canada Centre. The complex has 1,800,000 square feet of usable space covering 2.1 acres on one city block, the name of the square and complex is Maple Leaf Square, after the Toronto Maple Leafs that play in the Air Canada Centre next to the square. After public uproar to the rename, five days later, MLSE said that reports were premature and unfounded. Instead, they announced that the square would be branded as the Ford Fan Zone at Maple Leaf Square due to a sponsorship deal with Ford Canada. Construction on the began in January 2007. For residents, there is a garden and swimming pool. The development was designed to achieve LEED Silver status for the projects environmental sustainability, the building partly served as inspiration for HarborCenter, a multi-use building built near First Niagara Center in Buffalo, New York by Buffalo Sabres and Buffalo Bills owner Terrence Pegula. The similarity is most noticeable in the design of the restaurant, HarborCenters 716 Food and Sport was largely based on Maple Leaf Squares Real Sports Bar, the public square has a capacity of 5,000 people, which hosts pre-game gatherings and other sports-related events. In conjunction with the project, the Air Canada Centre itself on the side of Maple Leaf Square was renovated, the renovations included an 20, 000-square-foot atrium addition to the west side of the arena which abuts the plaza. The outside wall of the features a 50 by 80-foot video screen overlooking the plaza which was inspired by similar plazas at L. A. Live in Los Angeles, and Victory Park in Dallas, games going on inside the arena are often displayed live on the outdoor screen. The public square holds special outdoor viewings of playoff games by the Toronto Maple Leafs, Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment, who owns both franchises, puts concession and merchandise stands on the square during said occasions. The presence of Raptors fans in the square during their 2015 and 2016 playoff runs have led the square to be nicknamed Jurassic Park, List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto Official website Maple Leaf Square Condos Photos of the project Photos of the Building
33.
RBC Centre
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RBC Centre, also known as the RBC Dexia Building, is an office tower in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Unlike the corporate offices of other Canadian financial institutions, the RBC Centre is located outside of Torontos Financial District and it has been owned and managed by Cadillac Fairview Corporation jointly with the Ontario Pension Board since 2012. The building is connected to the PATH, the anchor tenant of RBC Centre is the Royal Bank of Canada. In 2011, Toronto Star architecture critic Christopher Hume named the RBC Centre and he praised their integration into the community, and how they have revived Wellington Street. List of tallest buildings in Canada List of tallest buildings in Toronto RBC Centre official website
34.
Royal Bank Plaza
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Royal Bank Plaza in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is the de facto headquarters of the Royal Bank of Canada. The building shares with the Fairmont Royal York Hotel the block in Torontos financial district bordered by Bay, Front, York and it is owned by the real estate firm Oxford Properties, which also maintains its headquarters there. The South Tower, a skyscraper, is the taller of the two at 180 m, the North Tower has a height of 112 m, the structures each have a triangular footprint and sit on opposing corners of the square site. The exteriors of the structures are covered with gold-bronze glass with tan granite accents. Together, both contain more than 14,000 windows which project from the facade to form angular bays set into brushed aluminum frames. Six bays are grouped between piers which are covered in the same glass, the upper stories are recessed and contain three larger angled-bays between the piers. The double-height entry is recessed from the facade and covered in dark-tinted glass set into dark aluminum frames. The glass for the body of the building was manufactured by Canadian Pittsburgh Industries and was coloured using 2,500 oz of gold, the concourse merchants mall and tower lobbies underwent extensive renovations between 2005 and 2007. The building was constructed with a large atrium above the main banking hall that linked the two towers, but in the 1990s a trading floor was added, closing the open space, Oxford Properties Royal Bank of Canada Norton Rose Fulbright Vale S. A
35.
One King Street West
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One King Street West or 1 King West is a condo hotel in the financial district in Toronto. Completed in 2006, a tower was added onto the heritage Dominion Bank Building, the Dominion Bank Building was designed by Darling and Pearson in the Beaux-Arts style with Renaissance Revival detailing. The condo tower stands at 51 storeys or 176 metres, stanford Downey Architect Inc. were the architects involved in the renovation. The building offers 500 suites, as well as a 2-storey penthouse, rooms are either in the new tower, or in the historical building forming the base of the complex. The building was originally a bank, the Grand Banking Hall is a magnificent example of early 20th-century classicism with ornate detailing including stately Corinthian columns and towering windows. It has been converted into a meeting room with a bar. The historic vault in the basement can be used for meetings or meals. Each suite in the hotel is owned, but the profits are shared amongst suite owners who have placed their suites in the hotel pool. Similar projects are usually seen in resort towns, the individual owners of the units in the building financed the purchase of the common assets of the hotel and now control the company that manages the hotel operations. Recent upgrades include converting several suites to have two beds instead of just king beds so that the hotel can be appealing to group bookings. The investors in 1 King West were involved in a dispute over property tax assessments for their units, as rather than being taxed at residential rates, they are being taxed at commercial hotel rates. This dispute has been resolved and now units are taxed at rates, but are valued also as commercial properties.8 million dispute with David Mirvish. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada One King West Hotel & Residence–official hotel and condominium website History of One King Street West at onekingwest. com
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Manulife Centre
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The Manulife Centre is located on the southeast corner of Bay and Bloor streets, along the Mink Mile and adjacent to the southern edge of the Yorkville district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of a 51-storey 800-suite luxury residential tower at 44 Charles Street, designed by the Toronto architectural firm of Clifford and Lawrie Architects, construction began in 1972 and was completed in 1974. It was developed and built for Manulife Financial, the current owners, early retail tenants at the Manulife Centre included Brettons department store, Creeds, Harridges, and other luxury tenants. Over time, these three large retailers went bankrupt and closed, today the retail portion of Manulife Centre serves the local population, and includes Birks, Indigo Books, and William Ashley fine china. Bay Bloor Radio, which was founded in 1946, moved into the Manulife Centre when it opened, an underground tunnel connects the basement level of the shopping concourse to Holt Renfrew at 50 Bloor St West on the north side of Bloor. Underground tunnels from the Manulife Centre provide access to Torontos busiest subway station Bloor, the One Eighty which is on the top of the Manulife Centre. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Manulife Centre - SHOPPING Manulife Place - LIVING
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Pinnacle Centre
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Pinnacle Centre is a condominium tower complex in Toronto, Ontario. The complex consists of four located on former railway lands on the Toronto waterfront. It is one of a number of new projects in the area. The Pinnacle Centre site is bounded by Yonge Street to the east, Harbourfront to the south, Bay Street to the west, and it is built by Vancouver−based Pinnacle International. It has 1,880 residences on approximately 3.8 acres of land, the complex consists of four towers, Pinnacle A16 Yonge St. Floors -40 Height - 124m Units -501 Largest Suite -131. 55m² Smallest Suite -47. 29m² Completed in 2006, Floors -29 Height - 92m Units -298 Largest Suite -117. 62m² Smallest Suite -47. 29m² Completed in 2007. The Success Tower, Condominium -41,806. 37m² Floors -53 Floors -5 Height -157. 4m Units -446 Largest Suite -104. 52m² Smallest Suite -46. 45m² Number of Residential Suites -491. 33 Bay Street, Floors -51 Floors -2 Height - 135m Number of Residential Suites -634 Largest Residential Suite -117. 62m² Smallest Residential Suite -47. 29m², also known as Pinnacle D, began construction in 2008 and was completed in October 2011. List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Official site Emporis - Pinnacle Centre
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The Uptown Residences
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The Uptown Residences is a condominium tower built by developer Pemberton Group in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located at 35 Balmuto Street south of Bloor Street, the 48 floor tower is 158 metres tall and has 284 units and it stands on the site of the former Uptown Theatre and was designed by Burka Varacalli Architects Incorporated. While its setbacks evoke Art Deco skyscraper architecture of the 1930s, its facade of precast concrete cladding and it appears starkly simple, without contrasting elements. Its crown is a box form without a spire. The amenities include a 24 hr
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Minto Midtown
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The Minto Midtown is a residential complex on Yonge Street in Toronto in the Davisville neighbourhood near Yonge and Eglinton. The complex consists of two towers, Quantum South and Quantum North and it was developed by Minto Developments Inc. Quantum I South is 37 stories tall with a structural height of 118 m and was completed in 2007. Quantum II North is 54 stories tall with a structural height of 160 m. The initial conceptual design was done by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Zeidler Partnership Architects developed the design, the construction of the towers, the tallest in the neighbourhood, was controversial. Minto reached an agreement with city council, after reducing the height by several storeys, the buildings still sparked strong response from a community group named the North Toronto Tenants Network, who appealed the decision to the Ontario Municipal Board. The OMB ruled in favour of Minto, the debate over the towers proved central in the 2003 municipal election. Incumbent city councillor Anne Johnston had helped broker the compromise that approved the towers and she was opposed by Karen Stintz, who took a strong stand against the development and intensification. In a result that many, longtime incumbent Johnston lost by 2,321 votes. Quantum South was completed in July 2007, Quantum North was completed in October 2008 and this development has achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Gold certification, making it the largest multi-residential LEED certified condominium in North America in 2009. List of tallest buildings in Toronto Minto Midtown - Emporis Quantum - Emporis Quantum 2 - Emporis
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TIFF Bell Lightbox
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TIFF Bell Lightbox is a cultural centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located in the first five floors of the Bell Lightbox and Festival Tower on the north west corner of King Street and John Street. It is the headquarters for the Toronto International Film Festival, TIFF Bell Lightbox opened in 2010. It is the headquarters for the Toronto International Film Festival, the entrance for the structures 46-storey tower of condominiums is on John Street, set back from the much smaller 19th-century buildings along King Street. TIFF Bell Lightbox cinema complex, the Toronto International Film Festival offices, a ground-floor restaurant, TIFF Bell Lightbox is a five-storey structure that features five cinemas, two restaurants, major exhibitions and galleries, a gift shop, rooftop terrace, and learning studios. The five-screen cinema complex also includes a reference library, galleries. During construction, crews found artifacts belonging to York General Hospital which was located on the site in 1829, the podium is a five-storey complex that forms the base of the Bell Lightbox and Festival Tower. The theatres present specially-curated programming, as well as new releases. Some of the films presented tie-in with exhibitions, and retrospectives of actors or filmmakers, the extensive reference library and archives of film, which is open to the public, includes publications and archival movies, as well as research and study space. Since 2010, TIFF Bell Lightbox has been the home of the festival, future plans include a Cinema Tower on the north side on the block, which will contain five additional theatres. The area also includes prominent venues for the festival, such as Roy Thomson Hall, the complex opened officially on September 12,2010 with a block party. Bruce McDonalds Trigger was the first film screened at the theatre, the galleries host exhibitions related to film and art history. The fourth floor gallery is free to the public, while the main gallery on the first level hosts large paid exhibitions. TIFF is a organization that generates an annual economic impact of $189 million CAD. Festival Tower was developed by The Daniels Corporation and designed by Toronto-based architectural firm Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects, TIFF Bell Lightbox is the home of the Toronto International Film Festival, while Festival Tower contains condominium residences. The project was conceived in partnership by the Toronto International Film Festival Group, List of tallest buildings in Toronto List of tallest buildings in Canada Official website
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CityPlace, Toronto
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CityPlace is a neighbourhood in Downtown Toronto, Canada, within the former Railway Lands. When completed, this area will be the largest residential development ever created in Toronto, the area is bordered by Bathurst Street to the west, Lake Shore Boulevard to the south, and Front Street to the north and Blue Jays Way and the Rogers Centre to the east. Cityplace is also a 5- to 10-minute walk from King Street West and Liberty Village, the neighbourhood is also home to the Canoe Landing Park designed by famed Canadian writer and artist Douglas Coupland. Further development took place in the 1980s, with the 1984 completion of the Metro Toronto Convention Centre drawing new attention to the area. With the arrival of new visitors and development of new commercial draws, work commenced after the demolition of the last railway buildings with the construction of SkyDome, which was completed in 1989. At the same time, a new network of roads, parks, the final portion of CityPlace to be developed is Block 31. Initially, the proposal for Block 31 included a 42-storey mixed-use tower and it was criticized for the shadows it would cast over nearby amenity spaces and the sites adjoining Canoe Landing Park, as well as the views it would partially obstruct. Following a round of consultations in early 2015, the new schematic design for Block 31 was revealed. It will include two schools and a new community centre, Toronto District School Board and the Toronto Catholic District School Board have both been designated to use the new space. The shared school building will seek to maximize efficiency, with a common gym. Block 31s design attempts to maximize available green space, with an articulated green roof spanning the complexs footprint. The 150,000 square foot complex is expected to cost $55 million to construct, the current CityPlace development was conceived by Concord Adex Developments, the same company that helped revitalize a large section of former Expo 86 lands in Vancouver. Project size,18 hectares including an 8-hectare community park, residential development is divided into 10 street blocks, numbered from 1 to 10. Each street block contains a number of towers with its own sets of common facilities. Block 1 was developed first with 4 towers, namely Matrix A/B and Apex C/D, the street block features buildings directly facing the entertainment district and the closest walk to the Financial District. Block 2 features 1 building only, directly behind the Rogers Centre and it features a heightened privacy comparing to the other interconnected towers. Block 3 is the largest street block in the entire CityPlace complex, with 4 towers, the project was named Harbour View Estates and was completed in 2006. Block 4 features 2 towers and a mid-rise, mirroring the Harbour View Estates both in location and in design, the buildings are named as WestOne, N1/N2 and The Gallery, was completed by October 2007
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Toronto Eaton Centre
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The Toronto Eaton Centre is a shopping mall and office complex located in the downtown core of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is owned and managed by Cadillac Fairview and it was named after the Eatons department store chain that once anchored it before the chain became defunct in the late 1990s. The Toronto Eaton Centre attracts the most visitors of any of Torontos tourist attractions and it is North America’s busiest mall, largely because of extensive transit access and tourist traffic. The number of visitors to the Toronto Eaton Centre in 2015 exceeds the total 2015 passenger counts at Toronto Pearson International Airport, the main retail mall in the centre is organized around a long arcade, running parallel to Yonge Street. The complex also contains four buildings and the Ryerson University Ted Rogers School of Management. Additionally, the Eaton Centre is linked to a 17-storey Marriott hotel, Timothy Eaton founded a dry goods store on Yonge Street in the 19th century that revolutionized retailing in Canada, and became the largest department store chain in the country. By the 20th century, the Eatons chain owned most of the bounded by Yonge, Queen, Bay and Dundas streets, with the notable exceptions of Old City Hall. The Eatons land, once the site of Timothy Eatons first store, was occupied by Eatons large Main Store, the Eatons Annex and a number of related mail order and factory buildings. As the chains warehouse and support operations were increasingly shifting to cheaper suburban locales in the 1960s, Eatons wanted to make better use of its valuable downtown landholdings. In particular, the wanted to build a massive new flagship store to replace the aging Main Store at Yonge and Queen. In the mid-1960s, Eatons announced plans for a massive office, Eatons sought to demolish Torontos Old City Hall and the Church of the Holy Trinity. The plan required the closing of a number of city streets within the block, Albert Street, Louisa Street, Terauley Street, James Street, Albert Lane, Downeys Lane. At one point, even the Old City Hall clock tower was to be demolished, after a fierce local debate over the fate of the city hall and church buildings, Eatons put its plans on hiatus in 1967. The Eaton Centre plans were resuscitated in 1971, although these plans allowed for the preservation of Old City Hall, controversy erupted anew, however, as the congregation of the Church of the Holy Trinity exhibited an increased willingness to fight the demolition plans for its church. These amendments to the plans resulted in three significant changes to the centre from the 1960s concept. This resulted in the mall being constructed with Eatons and Simpsons acting as anchors at either end, finally, the bulk of the centre was shifted east to the Yonge Street frontage, and the complex was designed so that it no longer had any frontage along Bay Street. Old City Hall and the church were saved, as was the Salvation Army headquarters building by virtue of its location between the two other preserved buildings. Eatons partnered with the Cadillac Fairview development company and the Toronto-Dominion Bank in the construction of the Eaton Centre, the complex was designed by Eberhard Zeidler and Bregman + Hamann Architects as a multi-levelled, vaulted glass-ceiling galleria, modelled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, Italy
