1.
University of Toronto
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The University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queens Park. It was founded by charter in 1827 as Kings College. Originally controlled by the Church of England, the university assumed the present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution, as a collegiate university, it comprises twelve colleges, which differ in character and history, each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs. It has two campuses in Scarborough and Mississauga. Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory, by a significant margin, it receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university. It is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States, the other being McGill University, the Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, with long and storied ties to gridiron football and ice hockey. The universitys Hart House is an example of the North American student centre. The founding of a college had long been the desire of John Graves Simcoe. As an Oxford-educated military commander who had fought in the American Revolutionary War, the Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 a college be established in York, the colonial capital. On March 15,1827, a charter was formally issued by King George IV, proclaiming from this time one College, with the style. For the education of youth in the principles of the Christian Religion, the granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by John Strachan, the influential Anglican Bishop of Toronto who took office as the colleges first president. The original three-storey Greek Revival school building was built on the present site of Queens Park, under Strachans stewardship, Kings College was a religious institution closely aligned with the Church of England and the British colonial elite, known as the Family Compact. Reformist politicians opposed the control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college secularized. Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open Trinity College as a private Anglican seminary, University College was created as the nondenominational teaching branch of the University of Toronto. Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was precursor to the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, while the Faculty of Medicine opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887, when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine. Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees, the university opened the Faculty of Law in 1887, followed by the Faculty of Dentistry in 1888, when the Royal College of Dental Surgeons became an affiliate. Women were first admitted to the university in 1884, over the next two decades, a collegiate system took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachans Trinity College in 1904. The university operated the Royal Conservatory of Music from 1896 to 1991, the University of Toronto Press was founded in 1901 as Canadas first academic publishing house
2.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
3.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
4.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
5.
St. George station
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St. George is a station on the Yonge-University and Bloor-Danforth lines in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located north of Bloor Street West between St. George Street and Bedford Road and this is the second-busiest station, after Bloor-Yonge Station, serving a combined total of approximately 276,260 people a day. Wi-fi service is available at this station, St. George Street entrance is automatic and staffed during rush hours. Patrons board the 26 Dupont bus from a platform within the boundaries at this entrance without the need for a paper transfer. The Bedford entrance has two turnstiles with Presto card access, between 1963 and 1966, there was a direct surface connection at the Bedford Road subway entrance to Bloor and Danforth streetcars. The Bedford Loop was immediately south of the structure and had opened in 1954 to provide a short turn facility for westbound streetcars serving Bloor station on the new Yonge Subway. Streetcars entered from Bedford Road, turned west into the loop beside the station and this loop gave passengers travelling in peak hours a more direct connection between the subway and eastbound and westbound streetcars than walking to/from the curbside stops. The loop closed in February 1966 when streetcar routes were replaced by the Bloor-Danforth Subway, in 1999, this station became accessible with elevators. Bay and St. George stations each have four parallel tracks, between these stations and Museum is a full double-track, grade-separated wye junction. The tracks to and from Museum connect to the upper St. George and Lower Bay stations, while the tracks along Bloor use lower St. George and upper Bay. From February to September 1966 all three sides of the wye were used in service, from each of three terminals — Eglinton, Keele, and Woodbine — trains ran alternately to the other two. After the six months of interlining, the Bloor-Danforth Line became a separate route, upper St. George would become the terminus of the Yonge-University line until 1978, when the extension to Wilson was opened. Lower Bay is sometimes used as a movie or TV set, some areas of the station contain wayfinding signage with the image of a crest with a dragon, referencing the Christian legend of St. George. However, St. George Street is actually named for Quetton St. George, the signs were designed by Paul Arthur and installed in 1993 as part of a new system of wayfinding signage, which was to be implemented in the entire subway system. Ultimately, the TTC did not go through with the project but did not remove the prototypes either, a further wayfinding project began implementation in 2014, using circles with the colour and number of each line to identify them more easily. Signage for that project rolled out at Bloor-Yonge station in March of that year, upon leaving the station, the line curves south by 90 degrees to run under Queen’s Park. 26 Dupont to Jane Station Media related to St. George Station at Wikimedia Commons St. George Station at the Toronto Transit Commission
6.
Toronto subway
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The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission. It is a system consisting of three heavy rail lines operating predominantly underground and one elevated light metro line, collectively encompassing 69 stations and 68.3 kilometres of track. It accommodated an average of 1,066,100 passenger trips each weekday during the quarter of 2015. There are 4 rapid transit lines in Toronto plus another under construction, Line 1 Yonge–University, is the longest and busiest rapid transit line in the system. It opened as the Yonge subway in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres, Today, the line is U-shaped having two northern terminals looping on its southern end via Union Station. An 8. 6-kilometre, six-station extension of Line 1 north to Vaughan is under construction, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, opened in 1966, runs parallel to Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue between Kipling Station in Etobicoke and Kennedy Station in Scarborough. There is a plan to extend Line 2 eastwards from Kennedy Station to Scarborough Town Centre, Line 3 Scarborough is an above-ground medium-capacity rail line serving the citys eponymous suburban district. The line runs from Kennedy Station to McCowan Station passing Scarborough Town Centre and this is the only rapid transit line in Toronto to use Intermediate Capacity Transit System technology. There is a plan to close and dismantle Line 3 after Line 2 is extended to Scarborough Town Centre, Line 5 Eglinton is a 19-kilometre light rail line under construction scheduled to open in 2021. The line will have 25 stations of which 15 will be underground, here is a list of line, extension and station openings on the Toronto subway system. Canadas first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres, the line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union Station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line, Canadas first streetcar line, in 1963, the line was extended under University Avenue north to Bloor Street to connect with the Bloor-Danforth subway at the double-deck St. George Station. In 1974, the line was extended from Eglinton Station north to Finch Station, the Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George Station initially to Wilson Station in 1978, and eventually to Downsview Station in 1996. Part of the Spadina segment runs in the median of an expressway, four decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals and looping on its southern end at Union Station. As of 1996, the line was 30.2 kilometres long, opened in 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway runs east-west under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue. It replaced the Bloor streetcar line, initially, the subway line ran between Keele Station to Woodbine Station. In 1968, the line was extended west to Islington Station and east to Warden Station, opened in 1985, the Scarborough RT is a light metro line running from Kennedy Station to McCowan station. The TTC started to construct the line to use Canadian Light Rail Vehicles and this line was never extended, and the current plan is to close and dismantle the line, replacing it with an extension of Line 2 to Scarborough Town Centre
7.
Spadina station
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Spadina is a subway station on Line 1 and Line 2 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Spadina Road, north of Bloor Street West, wi-Fi service is available at this station. The station consists of two sections, one for each line, at the same level and 150 metres apart. The former location of the moving walkways remains visible because the used to cover their removal are noticeably different. Warnings to hold the handrails are still embossed on the walls where the ends of the walkways were once located. Changing trains between the two lines here is not recommended. It is much more convenient to transfer at neighbouring St. George, with one set of platforms being directly above the other, an underground loop for the 510 Spadina streetcar was added in 1997 near the east end of the east-west platforms. The streetcar platform adds Postmodern finishes to the mix of styles. These range from the basic Modernist tiles of the Bloor-Danforth line platform, to the more intricate round tiles, in 1997, this station became accessible only to the Bloor-Danforth platforms and exit. This rather subdued building, with its mansard roof and brick arches. There is a typical secondary entrance building, directly opposite. At the street level, there are three large cedar wood carvings called Ksan Village House Posts depicting an owl, a wolf and they are the work of Fedelia OBrien, Murphy Green and Chuck Heit respectively, who are from the Gitxsan First Nation in British Columbia. On the east side of Walmer Avenue is an automatic entrance and this contemporary building has a deceptively imposing presence which belies its modest function as a secondary entrance. The building was designed by architect Robert Ogilvie for lawyer Norman Gash, the property had previously been needed for construction of the Spadina Expressway, which was cancelled in 1971. Local protest forced the TTC to repurpose the old building, thereby retaining the character of the neighbourhood. Opposite the house, on the west side of Spadina Road at Kendal Avenue, there are northbound and southbound bus stops outside the entrances. This section of the Bloor line was constructed by cut and cover on a strip of land behind the properties fronting on the side of Bloor Street. The tracks run east from here to the level of St. George station
8.
Knox College, Toronto
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Knox College is a postgraduate theological college of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1844 as part of a movement in the Church of Scotland following the Disruption of 1843. Knox is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church in Canada and confers doctoral degrees as a school of the Toronto School of Theology. Controversy arising from the issue of control in the Church of Scotland led to the Disruption of 1843. In response, several Presbyterian ministers and congregations within the Canadian synod of the Church of Scotland switched their affiliation to the new denomination. Queens College, a Presbyterian seminary in Kingston, decided in 1844 to remain affiliated with the Church of Scotland, prompting some of its students to defect, named for Scottish Reformation theologian John Knox, the new college became affiliated with the Free Church. The first class included 14 students and took place on November 5,1844, in the home of Rev. Henry Esson on James Street, at the present site of Toronto Eaton Centre. For the next two years, Knox College transitioned to larger buildings acquired at Adelaide Street and later Front Street, Scottish minister Rev. Dr. Michael Willis, the founding president of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada, became the first principal of the college in 1857. Willis came to Toronto in 1846 from St. Johns Renfield Church, Glasgow, Knox was formally granted its charter from the colonial government in 1858, thereby possessing the authority to confer academic degrees. In 1861, the Canada Presbyterian Church was created from the union of the Canadian synods of the Free Church of Scotland with the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, Knox College absorbed the existing United Presbyterian Church theological college that was founded in London, Canada West in 1844. In 1867, Knox College assisted the establishment of The Presbyterian College, Montreal, Knox College donated some of the books from its library collection, and several Knox alumni served as faculty of The Presbyterian College. In 1875, Knox College moved to a new Gothic-revival building at 1 Spadina Crescent, towards the end of the century, Knox began encouraging its students to attend non-divinity studies at the nearby University College of the University of Toronto. Knox College entered formal affiliation with the University of Toronto in 1885, in 1890, Knox College became part of the university within a federated governance structure. In 1915, Knox College moved to its present site adjacent to University College, during World War II, Knox College accommodated faculty and students from The Presbyterian College, Montreal, whose building was used for military training until 1946. In 1969, Knox became a member of the Toronto School of Theology. By virtue of an amendment of its charter, Knox College has granted theology degrees conjointly with the university, Ewart College, a womens college of the Presbyterian Church, was merged into Knox College in 1991. Founded in 1897, Ewart College was initially known as the Presbyterian Missionary and Deaconess Training School, in 2005, Knox observed its 160th anniversary with a visit and lecture by Alison Elliot, the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. Knox college provides a number of facilities to the University of Toronto community, the chapel is noted for its Hellmuth Wolff organ
9.
Massey College, Toronto
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Massey College is a postgraduate residential college at the University of Toronto, established, built and partially endowed in 1962 by the Massey Foundation. The president of the University of Toronto, the dean of graduate studies, members of corporation are elected for five years, the master is elected for seven years. The college is well-connected with prominent figures of the national establishment and it hosted the Man Booker International Prize of 2007. Massey College was conceived by Vincent Massey, the 18th Governor General of Canada who attended University College as an undergraduate, the Massey Foundation, for which Vincent Massey served as a trustee, provided the financial endowment. Opened officially in 1963, the college was designed by Canadian architect Ron Thom, alan Beddoe designed the Massey College coats of arms. The founding Master of Massey College was the celebrated Canadian journalist and author Robertson Davies, Professor J. N. Patterson Hume, CM, was the second Master, and Professor Ann Saddlemyer, OC, the third. The fourth Master was journalist John Fraser, CM, on July 1,2014, Hugh Segal, formerly a member of the Senate of Canada, became the 5th Master of Massey College for a 7-year term. Ron Thoms design for Massey College was inspired by the Medieval Oxbridge style college, the buildings all centre around one quad which is accessible through only two gates. The main gate is at the foot of the tower, along with the porters lodge, the quad contains a large pond with fish and fountains as well as the St. Catherines Bell in the clock tower attached to the porch. The bells are rung three times a day during the term to mark meal times. Around the quad are a total of five houses on the east, north. The ground floors of houses contain some administration offices. The largest building containing the majority of the space available to members of the fellowship, is on the south side along with the masters house. Massey is also home to a worship space, St. Catherines Chapel. The Chapel features an 17th-century Russian iconostasis and cross, as well as pipe organ specially designed for the chapel by the Quebec organ builder. The chapel was redesigned in 2006 by the College architects, Brigitte Shim and Howard Sutcliffe. The college buildings are frequently studied by architecture students, in 2013, which marked its 50th anniversary, Massey College received two prestigious architecture awards. The award can go to a building in Canada, designed by an architect from any country, or a building designed by a Canadian architect. ”The commentary from the award’s jury reads as follows, ”Massey College is a skillful
10.
St. Michael's College, Toronto
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The University of St. Michaels College is a college of the University of Toronto, founded in 1852 by the Congregation of St. Basil of Annonay, France. While mainly a college for liberal arts and sciences, St. Michaels retains its Roman Catholic affiliation through its postgraduate divinity school. St. Michaels is most closely associated with teaching and research in the humanities and it is also known for being home to Marshall McLuhan throughout his influential career as a philosopher and communication theorist, from 1946 until his death in 1980. The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies resides within the college, St. Michaels College School is an affiliated boys school which was once the high school section of the college. St. Michael’s College was founded in 1852 as a Basilian college by Pierre Tourvieille, Superior General of the Congregation of St. Basil of Annonay, France. The following year, it merged with St. Marys Lesser Seminary under the control of the Basilian Fathers. St. Michaels College educated pupils at three levels, operating as a school, as a liberal arts college, and as a minor seminary. The Basilians received an estate in 1853 from John Elmsley, son of the Chief Justice of Upper Canada. St. Michaels College relocated to the new site east of the University of Toronto, the incorporation of the college was granted Royal Assent in 1855. By withdrawing its support in 1868, the provincial government encouraged denominational colleges to seek closer relations with secular institutions. St. Michaels affiliated with the University of Toronto in 1883, having secured a guarantee that it would conduct its own teaching in philosophy, the university senate authorized St. Michaels to administer its own examinations in philosophy. On December 8,1910, St. Michael’s College became a college of the University of Toronto. In 1912, Sir Robert Falconer, president of the University of Toronto, recognized the wish of St. Josephs College, St. Josephs and Loretto both became colleges of St. Michaels College, thereby allowing their female students to receive University of Toronto degrees. As the 20th century began, professional education expanded beyond the fields of theology, law. Graduate training based on the German-inspired American model of specialized course work, with the opening of the Institute of Mediaeval Studies in 1929, St Michael’s expanded further into graduate teaching and research. Ten years later, Pope Pius XI signed a charter creating the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. In 1952, the last lectures for women were held at Loretto and St. Josephs Colleges, thereafter, all teaching was conducted coeducationally in the classrooms of St. Michaels College. Throughout much of its history, St. Michaels benefited from a practice whereby staff
