Ontario, California
Ontario is a city located in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, 35 miles east of downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, it lies just east of Los Angeles County and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area; as of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 163,924, up from 158,007 at the 2000 census, making it the county's fourth most populous city after San Bernardino and Rancho Cucamonga. The city is home to the Ontario International Airport, the 15th busiest airport in the United States by cargo carried. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country, it is the home of Ontario Mills and former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway. It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey.
They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario. The area, now Ontario was part of the lands used for hunting and foraging by the semi-nomadic Tongva Native Americans, who were known to roam as far south as the western San Bernardino Mountains. At the time of Mexican and of American settlement, active Native American settlements were scattered across the entire valley. Remains of a Serrano village were discovered in the neighboring foothills of the present-day city of Claremont. Juan Bautista de Anza is said to have passed through the area on his 1774 expedition, to this day a city park and a middle school bear his name. Following the 1819 establishment of San Bernardino Asistencia, which may have served as an outpost of the San Gabriel mission, it became part of a large, vaguely identified area called "San Antonio". In 1826, Jedediah Smith passed through what is now Upland on the first overland journey to the West coast of North America via the National Old Trails Road; the 1834 secularization of California land holdings resulted in the land's transferral to private hands.
In 1881, the Chaffey brothers and William, purchased the land and the water rights to it. They engineered a drainage system channeling water from the foothills of Mount San Antonio down to the flatter lands below that performed the dual functions of allowing farmers to water their crops and preventing the floods that periodically afflict them, they created the main thoroughfare of Euclid Avenue, with its distinctive wide lanes and grassy median. The new "Model Colony" was conceived as a dry town, early deeds containing clauses forbidding the manufacture or sale of alcoholic beverages within the town; the two named the town "Ontario" in honor of the province of Ontario in Canada, where they were born. Ontario attracted ailing Easterners seeking a drier climate. To impress visitors and potential settlers with the "abundance" of water in Ontario, a fountain was placed at the Southern Pacific railway station, it was turned on when passenger trains were approaching and frugally turned off again after their departure.
The original "Chaffey fountain", a simple spigot surrounded by a ring of white stones, was replaced by the more ornate "Frankish Fountain", an Art Nouveau creation now located outside the Ontario Museum of History and Art. Agriculture was vital to the early economy, many street names recall this legacy; the Sunkist plant remains as a living vestige of the citrus era. The Chaffey brothers left to found the settlements of Mildura and Renmark, which met with varying success. Charles Frankish continued their work at Ontario. Mining engineer John Tays refined the design of the novel "mule car", used from 1887 for public transportation on Euclid Avenue to 24th Street. At that point, the two mules were loaded onto a platform at the rear of the car and allowed to ride, as gravity propelled the trolley back down the avenue to the downtown Ontario terminus. Soon replaced by an electric streetcar, the mule car is commemorated by a replica in an enclosure south of C Street on the Euclid Avenue median. Ontario was incorporated as a city in 1891, North Ontario broke away in 1906, calling itself Upland.
Ontario grew at an astronomical rate. The population of 20,000 in the 1960s again grew 10 times more by the year 2007. Ontario was viewed as an "Iowa under Palm trees", with a solid Midwestern/Mid-American foundation, but it had a large German and Swiss community. Tens of thousands of European immigrants came to work in agriculture, in the early 1900s the first Filipinos and Japanese farm laborers arrived to display nursery ownership skills. Ontario has over two centuries of Hispanic residents, starting from the Californio period of Spanish colonial and Mexican rule in the 1840s. However, the first wave of Mexican settlers was in the 1880s brought as workers in the railroad industry and another wave from the Mexican Revolution of the 1910s. Mexican Americans resided in the city's poorer central side facing Chino. In the years following Ontario's founding, the economy was driven by its reputation as a health resort. Shortly thereafter, citrus farmers began taking advantage of Ontario's rocky soil to plant lemon and orange groves.
Agricultural opportunities attracted vintners and olive growers. The Graber Olive House, which continues to produce olives, is a city historical landmark and one of the
North America
North America is a continent within the Northern Hemisphere and all within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea. North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers, about 16.5% of the earth's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface. North America is the third largest continent by area, following Asia and Africa, the fourth by population after Asia and Europe. In 2013, its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's population, if nearby islands are included. North America was reached by its first human populations during the last glacial period, via crossing the Bering land bridge 40,000 to 17,000 years ago; the so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10,000 years ago. The Classic stage spans the 6th to 13th centuries.
The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492, the transatlantic migrations—the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period. Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect interactions between European colonists, indigenous peoples, African slaves and their descendants. Owing to the European colonization of the Americas, most North Americans speak English, Spanish or French, their culture reflects Western traditions; the Americas are accepted as having been named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci by the German cartographers Martin Waldseemüller and Matthias Ringmann. Vespucci, who explored South America between 1497 and 1502, was the first European to suggest that the Americas were not the East Indies, but a different landmass unknown by Europeans. In 1507, Waldseemüller produced a world map, in which he placed the word "America" on the continent of South America, in the middle of what is today Brazil, he explained the rationale for the name in the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio:... ab Americo inventore... quasi Americi terram sive Americam.
For Waldseemüller, no one should object to the naming of the land after its discoverer. He used the Latinized version of Vespucci's name, but in its feminine form "America", following the examples of "Europa", "Asia" and "Africa". Other mapmakers extended the name America to the northern continent, In 1538, Gerard Mercator used America on his map of the world for all the Western Hemisphere; some argue that because the convention is to use the surname for naming discoveries, the derivation from "Amerigo Vespucci" could be put in question. In 1874, Thomas Belt proposed a derivation from the Amerrique mountains of Central America. Marcou corresponded with Augustus Le Plongeon, who wrote: "The name AMERICA or AMERRIQUE in the Mayan language means, a country of perpetually strong wind, or the Land of the Wind, and... the can mean... a spirit that breathes, life itself." The United Nations formally recognizes "North America" as comprising three areas: Northern America, Central America, The Caribbean.
This has been formally defined by the UN Statistics Division. The term North America maintains various definitions in accordance with context. In Canadian English, North America refers to the land mass as a whole consisting of Mexico, the United States, Canada, although it is ambiguous which other countries are included, is defined by context. In the United States of America, usage of the term may refer only to Canada and the US, sometimes includes Greenland and Mexico, as well as offshore islands. In France, Portugal, Romania and the countries of Latin America, the cognates of North America designate a subcontinent of the Americas comprising Canada, the United States, Mexico, Greenland, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, Bermuda. North America has been referred to by other names. Spanish North America was referred to as Northern America, this was the first official name given to Mexico. Geographically the North American continent has many subregions; these include cultural and geographic regions. Economic regions included those formed by trade blocs, such as the North American Trade Agreement bloc and Central American Trade Agreement.
Linguistically and culturally, the continent could be divided into Latin America. Anglo-America includes most of Northern America and Caribbean islands with English-speaking populations; the southern North American continent is composed of two regions. These are the Caribbean; the north of the continent maintains recognized regions as well. In contrast to the common definition of "North America", which encompasses the whole continent, the term "North America" is sometimes used to refer only to Mexico, the United States, Greenland; the term Northern America refers to the northern-most countries and territories of North America: the United States, Bermuda, St. Pierre and Miquelon and Greenland. Although the term does not refer to a unifie
Disney Store
The Disney Store is an international chain of specialty stores selling only Disney related items, many of them exclusive, under its own name and Disney Outlet. Disney Store is a business unit of Disney Parks and Products. Disney Store was entertainment store; the company had operated a number of store chains beyond its flagship Disney Store chain, ESPN-The Store, Mickey's Kitchen restaurant. The company operates the stand-alone stores, Disney Baby, Walt Disney Gallery and Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store. Disney Store was a partner for Disney at Harrods. North America stores were owned and operated by The Children's Place's subsidiary Hoop Holdings from 2004 to 2008; the Oriental Land Company's subsidiary Retail Networks Co. Ltd. owned and operated the Japanese stores from 2002 to 2010. Since 2012, Disney departments exist in J. C. Penney in about 520 Penney locations. In India, two licensed chains, Disney Jeans and Disney Artist, are owned and operated by Indus Clothing and Ravi Jaipuria Corporation respectively.
Disney's Character Warehouse Outlet Store was licensed out to liquidator Asset Management & Sales LLC to sell overstock and discontinued Disney Parks merchandise. The Character Warehouses just have a few permanent locations while having temporary stores at times. Asset Management & Sales is owned by Gary Stump; the first Disney Store opened in the Glendale Galleria in Glendale, California on March 28, 1987. In April 1990, the 50th location was opened in the Montclair Plaza, California, along with the first Mickey's Kitchen fast food restaurant with 25,000 opening day visitors with out any promotions; the first overseas Disney Store opened November 1990 in England. Doug Murphy was hired by Disney Store as manager of new business development in September 1991 promoted to head business development in April 1993; the first Japanese location opened in 1992. In 1992, Disney Dollars were available at Disney Stores. In March 1992, Disney Stores closed the two Mickey's Kitchen. A showcase 11,000 square feet location was opened in the third quarter 1994 at the Post and Powell corner of San Francisco's Union Square.
On October 24, 1994, its Disney Store Ltd. opened its first location in a New Territories shopping center. In 1994, Disney Stores opened its flagship location in New York City. A Disney Store location opened next to the El Capitan Theatre in its building in 1998. Duplicating the Disneyland attraction and merchandise location but operated by Disney Store, the first Walt Disney Gallery opened outside of the park next to the Disney Store at Main Place Santa Ana mall in California on November 4, 1994 and was operated by Disney Store. Doug Murphy was appointed vice president of the Walt Disney Gallery for Disney Store in December 1994. On September 16, 1997, Disney Stores opened its first ESPN—The Store at the Glendale Galleria. In September 1999, the three store chain was closed down. Disney Store build a second flagship store in Chicago on the Magnificent Mile which opened in July 1999. In 2000, its Germany store in Munich was closed. In September 2000, Disney Store redesign two stores as prototypes in Costa Mesa and Cherry Hill, N.
J. with more space and a high-tech look where theme park tickets could be bought via computers stations. When Disney indicated that this new model would be rolled out to 350 stores, they indicated the closure of 100 locations worldwide. Analyst had indicated. By April 2001, 20 stores were redone in the high tech style when a new president, Peter Whitford, was hired. In late 2002, two new prototypes were rolled out in Canoga Torrance. In March 2002, Disney Stores Worldwide announced that the chain would be split into two types of stores, Disney Play and Disney Kids at Home while continuing closing stores to reach 350 by 2005; the Disney Play stores would stock Disney character toys, plush dolls and costumes aimed at young children, while Disney Kids at Home targeted parents looking to purchase home furnishings and bed & bath products for their children. Some were expected to be a hybrid of both concepts; this roll out of the two store brands was expected to take 3 years. On March 31, 2003, its 16 Australian locations closed.
With lackluster films, high-priced and high-margin items, sales dropped while continuing to overly open stores. The company closed hundreds of stores. Whitford left in 2003. Though the Disney Stores maintained strong sales, mounting cost of sales and operation and the loss of key executives who had driven the Disney Stores to success led The Walt Disney Company to convert the Disney Stores into a licensed operation; the Japanese stores were sold to The Oriental Land Company in 2002, while most North American stores were sold and licensed in November 2004 to The Children's Place. The Walt Disney Company decided to keep the stores in Europe, along with the flagship store in Manhattan, converted into a World of Disney store run by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts in 2004, while Children's Place got the Chicago flagship location. On June 2, 2005, the Disney's Soda Fountain and Studio Store opened up in the El Capitan Building on the ground floor replacing a Disney Store. Disney sold the chain for the cost of inventory to the Children's Place's subsidiary Hoop Holdings and signed a 15-year licensing agreement.
Under the licensing agreement, a "royalty holiday" period existed until October 2006 to allow revamping of the stores. The royalty thereafter was 5 % of store sales. Hoop Holdings had to write off the cost of the property received in the purchase. On the weekend of Ma
Uniqlo
Uniqlo Co. Ltd. is a Japanese casual wear designer and retailer. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fast Retailing Co. Ltd; the company operates in several other countries. Since March 1949, a Yamaguchi-based company, Ogori Shōji existed in Yamaguchi. In May 1984, they opened a unisex casual wear store in Fukuro-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima under the name "Unique Clothing Warehouse". From the contraction of "unique clothing", the brand was going to register under "uni-clo". However, in 1988, during administration work between Hong Kong in relation to the brand, staff in charge of registration misread the "C" as "Q", and, how the brand name was born. From Tadashi Yanai changed the store name to "uniqlo" across Japan. In September 1991, the name of the company was changed from "Ogori Shōji" to "Fast Retailing", by April 1994, there were over 100 Uniqlo stores operating throughout Japan. In 1997, Fast Retailing adopted a set of strategies from American retailer The Gap, known as "SPA", meaning that they would produce their own clothing and sell it exclusively.
They engaged the retail brand consultancy, CIA, Inc. / The Brand Architect Group, to guide the company through the realization of this strategy, including consulting on merchandise, visual merchandising and display, store design and a new logo designed by Richard Seireeni and Sy Chen of The Brand Architect Group's Los Angeles office. Uniqlo had begun outsourcing their clothing manufacturing to factories in China where labour was cheap, a well-established corporate practice. Japan was in the depths of a recession at the time, the low-cost goods proved popular, their advertising campaigns, clothing quality and new retail layouts proved fruitful. In November 1998, they opened their first urban Uniqlo store in Tokyo's trendy Harajuku district, outlets soon spread to major cities throughout Japan. In 2001, sales turnover and gross profit reached a new peak, with over 500 retail stores in Japan; when Uniqlo decided to expand overseas, it separated Uniqlo from the parent company, established Fast Retailing Apparel Co. Ltd. in China.
In 2002 their first Chinese Uniqlo outlet was opened in Shanghai along with four overseas outlets in London, England.2005 saw more overseas expansion, with stores opening in the United States, Hong Kong and South Korea, their South Korean expansion being part of a joint venture with Lotte. As of year-end 2005, in addition to its overseas holdings, Uniqlo had around 700 stores within Japan. By 2006 sales were $4 billion. By April 2007, the company had set a global sales goal of $10 billion and a ranking among the top five global retailers, joining what at the time was Gap, H&M, Limited Brands. Fast Retailing signed a design consulting contract for Uniqlo products with fashion designer Jil Sander in March 2009. Shiatzy Chen has been approached by Uniqlo to produce a capsule collection of ready to wear pieces to launch in November 2010 while Asia's largest Uniqlo store outside Japan opened its doors in Kuala Lumpur in the same month. On 2 September 2009, Fast Retailing announced that the company would target annual group sales of 5 trillion yen and pretax profit from operations of 1 trillion yen by 2020.
This means that the company is aiming to become the world's biggest specialty retailer of private label apparel with a continuous growth rate of 20% per year. The figure breaks down as one trillion yen from Uniqlo's Japan business, three trillion yen from its international business, one trillion yen from "Japan-related and global brand business." The company's international business target breaks down as one trillion yen in China, one trillion in other Asian countries and one trillion in Europe and the United States. In October 2018, Uniqlo collaborated with designed Alexander Wang to create a line of Heattech layerable basics including tank tops, leggings and bodysuits; as of 31 August 2017, the company reported. Uniqlo opened its first Australian store in Melbourne in 2014. In 2015, it expanded with the introduction of two stores in Brisbane. Uniqlo opened a store in Chadstone Shopping Centre in Melbourne, the largest shopping centre in the southern hemisphere, in October 2016 when it was redeveloped.
There are 14 stores in Australia. Uniqlo started their first store at the New Elephant road in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 5 July 2013. Uniqlo is known as Grameen Uniqlo there due to their social business concept JV with Grameen Bank. There are 15 stores in Dhaka; the first Belgian Uniqlo store opened in October 2015 at Antwerp. A second store followed suit at the Wijnegem Shopping Center on March 25 in the same year. 19 October 2017 saw the opening of a third store in Brussels. Uniqlo opened their first Canadian store at the Toronto Eaton Centre in September 2016, followed by a second store at the Yorkdale Shopping Centre in October 2016. Measuring at 28,000 and 24,000 square feet, both stores are five times the size of the Muji store that opened in Toronto in 2014. Three new stores in Ontario opened in 2018 at Vaughan Mills, CF Markville and Square One Shopping Centre. Two new stores will open in 2019 at Oshawa Centre in Oshawa and Upper Canada Mall in Newmarket, bringing the total amount of stores in Ontario to 7.
A third Canadian store, the first outside of Ontario and the first in Western Canada, opened at Burnaby's Metropolis at Metrotown in October 2017 to be followed by Surr
Interstate 15 in California
Route 15, consisting of the contiguous segments of State Route 15 and Interstate 15, is a major north–south state highway and Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of California, connecting San Bernardino and San Diego Counties. The route consists of the southernmost 289.24 miles of I-15, which extends north through Nevada, Utah and Montana to the Canada–US border. It is a major thoroughfare for traffic between San Diego and the Inland Empire, as well as between Southern California, Las Vegas and points beyond. South of its junction at Interstate 8 in San Diego, the highway becomes SR 15, extending 6.13 miles to Interstate 5, about 12 miles from the Mexican border. This segment was signed as a state route instead of an Interstate, but it is being upgraded to Interstate standards so it would become part of I-15 in the future. Including this segment, the entire length of Route 15 is 295.37 miles in California. Interstate 15 has portions designated as the Escondido Freeway, Avocado Highway, Temecula Valley Freeway, Corona Freeway, Ontario Freeway, Barstow Freeway, CHP Officer Larry L. Wetterling and San Bernardino County Sheriff's Lieutenant Alfred E. Stewart Memorial Highway, or Mojave Freeway.
I-15 and SR 15 are part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, are part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration. I-15 from SR 76 to SR 91 and SR 58 to SR 127 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System, but it is not designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation. SR 15 begins south of I-5 at 32nd Street near Harbor Drive. After this, SR 15 has an interchange with SR 94, cited as not being up to Interstate standards; the route interchanges with I-805. Between the Polk Avenue and Orange Avenue overpasses, the freeway goes under a city park, built on top of the freeway during construction in 2001. Pedestrian bridges were built at Monroe Avenue and Landis Street to reduce the effects of the freeway geographically dividing the community. Between I-8 and I-805, SR 15 follows the former alignment of 40th Street, its former routing as a city street.
It continues seamlessly into the southern terminus of I-15 at I-8 in San Diego. On the northbound conversion to I-15 at I-8, there is no "End SR 15" sign. There are various local names for the highway, such as the Escondido Freeway between San Diego and Escondido. I-15 between SR 163 and Pomerado Road/Miramar Road is known as the Semper Fi Highway in recognition of the nearby Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. I-15 between Scripps Poway Parkway and Camino Del Norte is known as the Tony Gwynn Memorial Freeway in recognition of Tony Gwynn known as Mr. Padre, who played for the San Diego Padres. North of the Escondido city limits, it is known as the Avocado Highway, whose designation ends upon entering Temecula. There are other local names. Heading northward, I-15 begins at I-8, at the same place that its continuation, SR 15, begins its southward journey. I-15 goes through Mission Valley and Kearny Mesa, intersecting with SR 52 just before merging with SR 163. After traversing the Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, I-15 comes into Rancho Peñasquitos, where it intersects with the end of SR 56.
Northward, the route crosses Lake Hodges inside the upper San Diego city limits. I-15 continues north into Escondido, where it interchanges with SR 78. North of Escondido, I-15 goes through hilly terrain and farmland, passing under the Lilac Road Bridge and approaching the community of Fallbrook near the SR 76 interchange, it passes the community of Rainbow and crosses the county line into Riverside County and descends into the Inland Empire. In Temecula, SR 79 runs concurrently with I-15 for. In Murrieta, I-15 splits from its only spur route in California, I-215, which retains the Escondido Freeway designation and runs through the two largest cities in the Inland Empire, San Bernardino and Riverside. I-15 continues north as the Temecula Valley Freeway. I-15 runs along the eastern edge of the Santa Ana Mountains, passing through the cities of Wildomar and Lake Elsinore. In the city of Lake Elsinore, I-15 intersects SR 74, an important surface route connecting the Coachella Valley with the communities of Idyllwild, Perris, Lake Elsinore and San Juan Capistrano.
It continues through the suburban areas in the western Inland Empire as the Corona Freeway, passing Corona. During this stretch of the highway, I-15 intersects a major east-west highway. North of SR 91, I-15 continues through the bedroom communities of Norco and Eastvale, while skirting the western edge of the city of Jurupa Valley. I-15 enters San Bernardino County just past its intersection with SR 60, another major east-west highway, which connects I-15 with the city of Ontario and the Chino Valley. I-15 passes through the city of Ontario on its way to I-10, the main east-west artery though Southern California. North of I-10, I-15 passes through the major suburban communities of Rancho Cucamonga and Fontana as the highway intersects SR 210, an east-west highway skirting the San Bernardino Mountain Range. SR 210 connects I-15 to major foothill communities, such as Pasadena and San Bernardino. I-15 crosses old US Route 66 during this stretch of highway, signed as
Southern California
Southern California is a geographic and cultural region that comprises California's southernmost counties, is the second most populous urban agglomeration in the United States. The region is traditionally described as eight counties, based on demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Barbara, Ventura; the more extensive 10-county definition, which includes Kern and San Luis Obispo counties, is used and is based on historical political divisions. The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on southern California's eastern border with Arizona, the Mojave Desert is located north on California's Nevada border. Southern California's southern border is part of the Mexico–United States border. Southern California includes the built-up urban area which stretches along the Pacific coast from Ventura through Greater Los Angeles down to Greater San Diego, inland to the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley, it encompasses eight metropolitan areas, three of which together form the Greater Los Angeles Combined Statistical Area with over 18 million people, the second-biggest CSA after the New York CSA.
These three MSAs are: the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire (, the Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura metropolitan area. In addition, Southern California contains the San Diego metropolitan area with 3.3 million people, Bakersfield metro area with 0.9 million, the Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, El Centro metropolitan areas. The Southern California Megaregion is larger still, extending east into Las Vegas and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana. Within southern California are two major cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 4,042,000, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States. South of Los Angeles and with a population of 1,307,402 is San Diego, the second most populous city in the state and the eighth most populous in the nation; the counties of Los Angeles, San Diego, San Bernardino, Riverside are the five most populous in the state, are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States.
The motion picture and music industry are centered in the Los Angeles area in southern California. Hollywood, a district of Los Angeles, gives its name to the American motion picture industry, synonymous with the neighborhood name. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company, Sony Pictures, Universal Pictures, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Warner Bros. Universal, Warner Bros. and Sony run major record companies. Southern California is home to a large homegrown surf and skateboard culture. Companies such as Vans, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, Body Glove are all headquartered here. Skateboarder Tony Hawk; some of the most famous surf locations are in southern California as well, including Trestles, The Wedge, Huntington Beach, Malibu. Some of the world's largest action sports events, including the X Games, Boost Mobile Pro, the U. S. Open of Surfing, are held in southern California; the region is important to the world of yachting with premier events including the annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii.
The San Diego Yacht Club held the America's Cup, the most prestigious prize in yachting, from 1988 to 1995 and hosted three America's Cup races during that time. The first modern era triathlon was held in Mission Bay, San Diego, California in 1974. Since southern California, San Diego in particular have become a mecca for triathlon and multi-sport racing and culture. Southern California is home to many sports sports networks such as Fox Sports Net. Many locals and tourists frequent the southern California coast for its beaches; the inland desert city of Palm Springs is popular. Southern California is not a formal geographic designation and definitions of what constitutes southern California vary. Geographically, California's North-South midway point lies at 37° 9' 58.23" latitude, around 11 miles south of San Jose. When the state is divided into two areas, the term southern California refers to the 10 southernmost counties of the state; this definition coincides neatly with the county lines at 35° 47′ 28″ North latitude, which form the northern borders of San Luis Obispo and San Bernardino counties.
Another definition for southern California uses Point Conception and the Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary. Though there is no official definition for the northern boundary of southern California, such a division has existed from the time when Mexico ruled California and political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California. Following the acquisition of California by the United States, the division continued as part of the attempt by several pro-slavery politicians to arrange the division of Alta California at 36 degrees, 30 minutes, the line of the Missouri Compromise. Instead, the passing of the Compromise of 1850 enabled California to be a
Ontario International Airport
Ontario International Airport is a public airport two miles east of downtown Ontario, in San Bernardino County, about 38 miles east of Downtown Los Angeles and 23 miles west of Downtown San Bernardino. It is owned and operated under a joint powers agreement with the city of Ontario and San Bernardino County; the year 2007 saw the peak in passenger traffic with 7.2 million passengers. In 2015, 4.2 million passengers used the airport higher than in 2014 with 4.1 million passengers. Most the airport handled 5.1 million passengers, breaking the 5 million mark for the first time since 2008. In 2015 Southwest Airlines carried 59% of departing passengers. In 1923 a landing field was established east of Central Avenue on land leased from the Union Pacific Railroad; the airfield was named Latimer Field after an orange-packing company next to the airstrip. An airport was built there by one of the first flying clubs in southern California, the Friends of Ontario Airport. In 1929, the city of Ontario purchased 30 acres, now in the southwest corner of the airport, for $12,000, established the Ontario Municipal Airport.
In 1941 the city bought 470 acres around the airport and approved construction of new runways, which were completed by 1942, with funds from the Works Progress Administration. The 6,200-foot east/west runway and the 4,700-foot northeast/southwest runway cost $350,000. On 27 February 1942, an Army Air Corps plane made the first landing at the new airport. By 1943, the airport was an Army Air Corps Lockheed P-38 Lightning training base and North American P-51 Mustang operating base. After the war the Reconstruction Finance Corporation established five large storage and scrapping centers for Army Air Forces aircraft; these were located at: Albuquerque AAF, New Mexico, Altus AAF, Kingman AAF, Ontario AAF and Walnut Ridge AAF, Arkansas. A sixth facility for storing and scrapping Navy and Marine aircraft was located at Clinton, Oklahoma. In 1946 Ontario Municipal Airport was renamed "Ontario International Airport" because of the transpacific cargo flights originating there. On 17 May 1946, two Army surplus steel hangars arrived at the airport, which the Ontario city council had authorized the $50,000 purchase of just the previous week.
City officials were pleased to have secured a bargain. Thought to be the only pair available in the U. S. City Manager Harold J. Martin observed that if they could be acquired at a date, the cost would be several times that afforded by prompt action. A Pacific Overseas Airlines flight from Shanghai arrived at Ontario on 18 May 1946, "which inaugurated regular round-trip air passenger air service between the United States and the orient." In 1949 Western Airlines began scheduled flights. Western and Bonanza nonstops did not reach beyond Las Vegas. In 1962 Western began nonstop flights to San Francisco. In 1967 Bonanza began nonstop F27 flights to Phoenix. Ontario and Los Angeles entered into a joint powers agreement, making Ontario International Airport part of the Los Angeles regional airports system. In 1968 the airport saw its first scheduled jet flights. In 1969 Continental Airlines started 720B nonstops to Chicago. In 1970 United Airlines started a nonstop to American started flights to Dallas.
In September 1986, Ontario hosted the Concorde supersonic airliner during a promotional round-the-world flight. In 1981 a second east–west runway, 26L/8R, was built, necessitating the removal of the old NE-SW runway 4/22. Remnants of the 4/22 runway are visible in the present-day taxiways. With the completion of the new runway, the existing runway 25/7 became 26R/8L. In 1985, the city of Los Angeles acquired Ontario International Airport outright from the city of Ontario. In 1987, Runway 26R/8L was extended to the east to bring the two runway thresholds side by side, so aircraft would be higher over neighborhoods. 26R/8L became 26L/8R the main arrival runway. For a number of years, the airport operated alongside Ontario Air National Guard Station, closed as a result of the 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission. In 1998 the new and larger airport terminal opened. Two older terminals, west of the current terminal, the main terminal and a small terminal were discontinued when the new Terminal 2 and Terminal 4 facilities were opened.
The old terminals house the administration and the USO. In 2005 and 2006, Runway 26R/8L was repaved and received storm drains and better runway lighting, additional improvements to taxiway intersections were made. In 2006, Ontario International Airport became "LA/Ontario International Airport." The "LA" portion was added to remind fliers of Los Angeles and to avoid confusion with the province of Ontario in Canada. The airport's traffic peaked in 2005 with 7.2 million passengers, remained steady through 2007. Around the time of the 2008 financial crisis, JetBlue suspended service to ONT, major legacy carriers decreased their passenger volume at the airport. Southwest Airlines transferred a significant portion of its Ontario capacity to Los Angeles International Airport, making LAX fares more competitive with ONT while being coupled with more attractive frequencies and a wider range of destinations; the surrounding Inland Empire region was hit hard by the financial crisis, with the nearby city of San Bernardi
