Operation Whitecoat was a biodefense medical research program carried out by the United States Army at Fort Detrick, Maryland, between 1954 and 1973. The program pursued medical research using volunte
A Consent Statement (1955) for one of the Operation Whitecoat experiments at Fort Detrick
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of conscience or of religion. The term has also been extended to o
Operation Whitecoat
…and 1973. The program pursued medical research using volunteer enlisted personnel who were eventually nicknamed "Whitecoats". These volunteers, all conscientious objectors, including many members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, were informed of the purpose and goals of each project before providing consent to participate…
The Deserter by Boardman Robinson, The Masses, 1916
Refusing to serve in the Vietnam War, boxer Muhammad Ali stated, "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong ... They never called me nigger." in 1966
Blessed are the Peacemakers (1917) by George Bellows
Stamp created by the Centre de défense des objecteurs de conscience (around 1936)