Oppidum of Manching
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The Oppidum of Manching was a large Celtic proto-urban or city-like settlement at modern-day Manching, near Ingolstadt in Bavaria, Germany. The Iron Age town was founded in the 3rd century BC and exis
Model of the settlement's central area
Model of the eastern gate.
Part of the central settlement
Part of the central settlement
Pfostenschlitzmauer
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A Pfostenschlitzmauer is the name for defensive walls protecting Bronze Age and Iron Age hill forts and oppida in Central Europe, especially in Bavaria and the Czech Republic. They are characterized b
Oppidum of Manching
…by the monumental gate complexes. On the inside, the wall was reinforced by an earthen ramp of 9 m width. The second wall was erected c. 104 BC as a Pfostenschlitzmauer incorporating the old wall within its body. The Pfostenschlitzmauer technique was also used for a third phase. Before excavation, part of the walls…
Reconstructed Pfostenschlitzmauer wall and rampart at the Ipf hillfort, Germany
Model of a Pfostenschlitzmauer wall of the "Altkönig-Preist" type
Reverse view
Pfostenschlitzmauer-type fortification wall