The oprichnina was a state policy implemented by Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Russia between 1565 and 1572. The policy included mass repression of the boyars, including public executions and confiscation of their land and property. In this context the term can also refer to:The notorious organization of six thousand Oprichniki, the first political police in the history of Russia.
The portion of Russia, ruled directly by Ivan the Terrible, where his Oprichniki operated.
The corresponding period of Russian history.
The Oprichniks by Nikolai Nevrev shows mock coronation of Ivan Fyodorov-Chelyadnin [ru] (enthroned) accused of conspiracy, before his execution by oprichniks.
The Oprichniki and the Boyars, by Vasily Khudyakov
"The street in the town": people fleeing at the arrival of the Oprichniki, inspired by the opera The Oprichnik by Tchaikovsky, painted by Apollinary Vasnetsov in 1911
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533, and Tsar of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. He was the first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar.
Forensic facial reconstruction of Ivan IV by Mikhail Gerasimov
16th century portrait of Ivan by Hans Weigel
Portrait of Ivan IV by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1897 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
The Oprichniki by Nikolai Nevrev (1888). The painting shows the last minutes of boyarin Feodorov, who was arrested for treason. To mock his alleged ambitions on the tsar's title, the nobleman was given tsar's regalia before his execution.