1.
House of Romanov
–
The Romanovs achieved prominence as boyars of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, later the Tsardom of Russia. In 1613, following years of interregnum, the zemsky sobor offered the Russian crown to Mikhail Romanov and he acceded to the throne as Michael I, becoming the first Tsar of Russia from the House of Romanov. His grandson Peter I established the Russian Empire and transformed the country into a continental power through a series of wars, the direct male line of the Romanovs came to an end when Elizabeth of Russia died in 1762. After an era of crisis, the House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg which reigned in Denmark, ascended the throne in 1762 with Peter III. All rulers from the middle of the 18th century to the revolution of 1917 were descended from that branch, though officially known as the House of Romanov, these descendants of the Romanov and Oldenburg dynasties are sometimes referred to as Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. In early 1917 the Romanov dynasty had 65 members,18 of whom were killed by the Bolsheviks, the remaining 47 members went into exile abroad. In 1924, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, the senior, surviving male-line descendant of Alexander II of Russia by primogeniture, since 1991, the succession to the former Russian throne has been in dispute, largely due to disagreements over the validity of dynasts marriages. Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia claims to hold the title of empress in pretense with her child, George Mikhailovich. There is also a rival non-Romanov claim put forth by Prince Karl Emich of the House of Leiningen supported by the Monarchist Party, according to the Almanach de Gotha, the name of Russias ruling dynasty from the time of Peter III was Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov. However, the name Romanov and House of Romanov were often used in references to the Russian imperial family. The coat of arms of the Romanov boyars was included in legislation on the imperial dynasty, after the February Revolution all members of the imperial family were given the surname Romanov by special decree of the Provisional Government of Russia. Their earliest common ancestor is one Andrei Kobyla, attested around 1347 as a boyar in the service of Semyon I of Moscow, later generations assigned to Kobyla an illustrious pedigree. An 18th-century genealogy claimed that he was the son of the Prussian prince Glanda Kambila, indeed, one of the leaders of the Old Prussian rebellion of 1260–1274 against the Teutonic order was named Glande. His actual origin may have been less spectacular, not only is Kobyla Russian for mare, some of his relatives also had as nicknames the terms for horses and other domestic animals, thus suggesting descent from one of the royal equerries. One of Kobylas sons, Feodor, a member of the boyar Duma of Dmitri Donskoi, was nicknamed Koshka and his descendants took the surname Koshkin, then changed it to Zakharin, which family later split into two branches, Zakharin-Yakovlev and Zakharin-Yuriev. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, the family became known as Yakovlev. The family fortunes soared when Romans daughter, Anastasia Zakharyina, married Ivan IV, since her husband had assumed the title of tsar, which literally means Caesar, on 16 January 1547, she was crowned the very first tsaritsa of Russia. Her mysterious death in 1560 changed Ivans character for the worse, suspecting the boyars of having poisoned his beloved, Tsar Ivan started a reign of terror against them
House of Romanov
–
A 16th-century residence of the Yuryev-Zakharyin boyars in
Zaryadye, near
the Kremlin.
House of Romanov
–
House of Romanov House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
House of Romanov
–
A crowd at the
Ipatiev Monastery imploring Mikhail Romanov's mother to let him go to Moscow and become their tsar (
Illumination from a book dated 1673).
House of Romanov
–
Peter the Great (1672-1725)
2.
Russian Orthodox Church
–
The Russian Orthodox Church, alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate, is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates. The Primate of the ROC is the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus and it also exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the autonomous Church of Japan and the Orthodox Christians resident in the Peoples Republic of China. The ROC branches in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Ukraine since the 1990s enjoy various degrees of self-government, in Ukraine, ROC has tensions with schismatic groups supported by the current government, while it enjoys the position of numerically dominant religious organisation. The ROC should also not be confused with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, headquartered in New York, New York, the two Churches reconciled on May 17,2007, the ROCOR is now a self-governing part of the Russian Orthodox Church. According to one of the legends, Andrew reached the location of Kiev. The spot where he erected a cross is now marked by St. Andrews Cathedral. By the end of the first millennium AD, eastern Slavic lands started to come under the influence of the Eastern Roman Empire. There is evidence that the first Christian bishop was sent to Novgorod from Constantinople either by Patriarch Photius or Patriarch Ignatios, by the mid-10th century, there was already a Christian community among Kievan nobility, under the leadership of Byzantine Greek priests, although paganism remained the dominant religion. Princess Olga of Kiev was the first ruler of Kievan Rus′ to convert to Christianity and her grandson, Vladimir of Kiev, made Rus officially a Christian state. The Kievan church was a metropolitanate of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Ecumenical patriarch appointed the metropolitan, who usually was a Greek. The Metropolitans residence was located in Kiev itself, the capital of the medieval Rus state. Following the tribulations of the Mongol invasion, the Russian Church was pivotal in the survival, despite the politically motivated murders of Mikhail of Chernigov and Mikhail of Tver, the Mongols were generally tolerant and even granted tax exemption to the Church. Such holy figures as Sergius of Radonezh and Metropolitan Alexis helped the country to withstand years of Tatar oppression, the Trinity monastery founded by Sergius of Radonezh became the setting for the flourishing of spiritual art, exemplified by the work of Andrey Rublev, among others. The followers of Sergius founded four hundred monasteries, thus extending the geographical extent of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. However, the Moscow Prince Vasili II rejected the act of the Council of Florence brought to Moscow by Isidore in March 1441, Isidore was in the same year removed from his position as an apostate and expelled from Moscow. The Russian metropolitanate remained effectively vacant for the few years due largely to the dominance of Uniates in Constantinople then. In December 1448, Jonas, a Russian bishop, was installed by the Council of Russian bishops in Moscow as Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia without the consent from Constantinople. Subsequently, there developed a theory in Moscow that saw Moscow as the Third Rome, the successor to Constantinople
Russian Orthodox Church
–
The
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in
Moscow Russian: Храм Христа Спасителя [Khram Khrista Spasitelya]
Russian Orthodox Church
–
Russian Orthodox monks defended the
Trinity Lavra monastery against Polish-Lithuanian troops during the
Time of Troubles.
Russian Orthodox Church
–
An Old Believer Priest,
Nikita Pustosviat, Disputing with Patriarch Joachim the Matters of Faith. Painting by
Vasily Perov
3.
Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia
–
Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia, has been a claimant to the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of All the Russias, since 1992. Although she has used Grand Duchess of Russia as her title of pretence with the style Imperial Highness throughout her life and she is a great-great-granddaughter in the male-line of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Her paternal grandparents were Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Victoria Fyodorovna and her godfather was Prince Nicholas of Romania and godmother, Queen Ioanna of Bulgaria. Maria was educated in Madrid and Paris, before studying Russian history, as it happened, Vladimir Kirillovich, who died in 1992, outlived all the other male Romanov dynasts, and his daughter had no occasion to assume curatorship. In Madrid on 22 September 1976, Maria married Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia, her third cousin and he is a Hohenzollern great-grandson of Germanys last emperor Wilhelm II and a great-great-great grandchild of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom. Franz Wilhelm converted to the Orthodox faith prior to the wedding, taking the name Michael Pavlovich and receiving the title of a Grand Duke of Russia from Marias father. The couple separated in 1982, a year after the birth of their only child George Mikhailovich, following the divorce on 19 June 1985, Franz Wilhelm reverted to his Prussian name and style. Maria Vladimirovna lives in France and Spain and she is fluent in Russian, English, French and Spanish, and also speaks some German, Italian and Arabic. At the present time, not one of the Emperors or Grand Dukes of Russia has left living descendants with unchallengeable rights to the Throne of Russia. His younger brother, Prince Dimitri Romanov, said of Marias assumption of titles, including de jure Empress of all the Russias and they can only go and pray at the grave, as can any other Russian, who so wishes. At the behest of the Russian Orthodox Church Maria did not recognise the authenticity of the remains and declined to attend the reburial ceremony in 1998. She has also said regarding some of her Romanov cousins, that My feeling about them is now that something important is happening in Russia, they suddenly have awakened and said. There might be something to gain out of this, Maria hopes for the restoration of the monarchy someday and is ready to respond to a call from the people. In either case, there is unscrupulousness at work, the only thing that causes me regret is that some of our relatives waste their time and energy on little intrigues instead of striving to be of some use to their country. I have never quarreled with anyone about these matters and I remain open to a discussion and cooperation with all, including, of course, but there can be no foundation for cooperation without respect for our dynastic laws, fulfilling these laws, and following our family traditions. In 2002, Maria became frustrated with the strife within the Russian monarchist movement. The March 2013 recognition of her claim by the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, Kirill I Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia, seems to have drawn further supporters. In an interview, he rejected the claims of the other Romanov descendants and stated, Today
Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia
4.
Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
–
A similar order was established by General Wrangel as Order of Saint Nicholas Thaumaturgus According to the eminent Soviet specialist I. G. Spasskiy, an order with this name was planned already in 1915, during the last year of the reign of Nicholas II, originally the order had only one class and all Russian veterans of World War I were entitled to receive it. There exist, however, enamelled and unenamelled badges, and one can assume that the ones were awarded to officers. The old medal became the lowest class of the order, worn on a chest riband, on 14 December 2001 the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation legalized the wearing of the order in Russia by military persons on active duty. The badge of the order is a cross pattée, covered on the obverse with white enamel. In early versions of the badge there are griffins from the coat of arms of the Romanovs, the reverse of the cross was unenamelled and bore the inscription BEЛ. The order was worn on a riband in the colours of the Imperial Flag of Russia, in spite of being called Grand Cross the 1st Class of the present order has no breast star. The modern order instituted in 2001 has the initials of Nicholas II and Cyril on the reverse, the depiction of Saint Nicholas on the obverse is surrounded by the inscription ЭA BOEННЫE ЭACЛУГИ. Cпaccкий, Инocтpaнныe и pyccҝиe opдeнa дo 1917 гoдa, Leningrad 1958 Vaclav Mericka, Book of Orders and Decorations, Prague 1978 The homepage of the Imperial House of Russia, chapter Opденa и нагpaды
Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
–
An early badge of the Order with griffins between the arms of the cross
Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
–
Four crosses of the Order from different epochs
5.
Anastasia of Sirmium
–
Saint Anastasia is a Christian saint and martyr who died at Sirmium in the Roman province of Pannonia Secunda. In the Orthodox Church, she is venerated as St. Anastasia the Pharmakolytria, one legend makes her the daughter of a certain Praetextus and the pupil of Saint Chrysogonus. Catholic tradition states that her mother was St. Fausta of Sirmium, Anastasia has long been venerated as a healer and exorcist. Her relics lie in the Cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar and she is one of seven women, who along with the Blessed Virgin Mary, are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass. This martyr enjoys the distinction, unique in the Roman liturgy, nevertheless, she is not a Roman saint, for she suffered martyrdom at Sirmium, and was venerated at Rome until almost the end of the 5th century. It is true that a legend, not earlier than the 6th century, makes Anastasia a Roman. The same legend connects her name with that of St. Chrysogonus, likewise not a Roman martyr, according to this Passio, Anastasia was the daughter of Praetextatus, a Roman vir illustris, and had Chrysogonus for a teacher. Early in the persecution of Diocletian the Emperor summoned Chrysogonus to Aquileia where he suffered martyrdom, the whole account is purely legendary, and rests on no historical foundations. All that is certain is that a martyr named Anastasia gave her life for the faith in Sirmium, the so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum records her name on 25 December, not for Sirmium alone, but also for Constantinople, a circumstance based on a separate story. Similarly St. Anastasia was introduced into Rome from Sirmium by means of an existing church. As this church was quite famous, it brought the feast day of the saint into especial prominence. There existed in Rome from the 4th century, at the foot of the Palatine Hill and above the Circus Maximus and it was known as titulus Anastasiae, and is mentioned as such in the Acts of the Roman Council of 499. Within its jurisdiction was the Palatine where the court was located. Anastasia at the foot of the Palatine, at all events the insertion of her name into the Roman Canon of the Mass towards the end of the 5th century, show that she then occupied a unique position among the saints publicly venerated at Rome. Thenceforth the church on the Palatine is known as titulus sanctae Anastasiae, john Lateran, the mother-church of Rome, and Santa Maria Maggiore. This ancient sanctuary stands today quite isolated amid the ruins of Rome, the commemoration of St. Anastasia in the second Mass on Christmas Day is the last remnant of the former prominence enjoyed by this saint and her church in the life of Christian Rome. According to tradition, St. Donatus of Zadar brought Anastasias relics to Zadar from Constantinople and they had been ordered by Charlemagne to negotiate the border between the Byzantine Empire and the Croatian territories that were under the dominion of Charlemagnes Frankish Empire. The Orthodox Church venerates St. Anastasia as a Great Martyr, usually referring to her as Anastasia the Deliverer from Potions, Anastasia the Healer or Anastasia of Sirmium
Anastasia of Sirmium
–
Modern
Orthodox Christian icon of Saint Anastasia the Great-Martyr.
Anastasia of Sirmium
–
Great Martyr Anastasia, the Deliverer from Potions (Byzantine
icon, 14th-15th century,
State Hermitage Museum,
Saint Petersburg,
Russia).
6.
Russia
–
Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians
Russia
–
Kievan Rus' in the 11th century
Russia
–
Flag
Russia
–
The
Baptism of Kievans, by
Klavdy Lebedev
Russia
–
Sergius of Radonezh blessing
Dmitry Donskoy in
Trinity Sergius Lavra, before the
Battle of Kulikovo, depicted in a painting by
Ernst Lissner
7.
List of orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
–
The State Award System of the Russian Federation has varied and distinct origins. Presidential Decree №1631 of December 16,2011 amended and finalized the order of precedence of all modern Russian awards, awards can be revoked by the State Duma if the recipient is not deemed fit to receive the award. This serves to clarify who can be recommended for the state awards of the Russian Federation. Commemorative awards and ministerial or departmental awards do not qualify as such, royal dynastic orders of the House of Romanov. Defunct since Soviet Union, conferred in exile
List of orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
–
Hero of the Russian Federation Герой Российской Федерации Geroj Rossijskoj Federatsii
List of orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
–
Contents
List of orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
–
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation Летчик-космонавт Российской Федерации Letchik-Kosmonavt Rossijskoj Federatsii
List of orders, decorations, and medals of Russia
–
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation Заслуженный военный летчик Российской Федерации Zacluzhennyj Voennyj Letchik Rossijskoj Federatsii
8.
Honorary titles of Russia
–
Honorary titles of the Russian Federation are titles given to citizens of the Russian Federation for professional and/or social achievements, but can be revoked by a vote in the State Duma. Rejection of honorary titles cannot be vetod by the President, the word Заслуженный translates as meritorious or honoured. During the period of the Soviet Union, a system of honorary titles was created to be used across the USSR to recognize outstanding personal professional achievements. The awards were used in some other Eastern bloc states. Post-Soviet states modelled some of their awards on the Soviet award system, on 30 December 1995, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed Presidential Decree №1341 on the establishment of the system of honorary titles of the Russian Federation. Prior to that, the legal acts referred to honorary titles of the RSFSR, most of the Soviet awards have been retained in the Russian Federation
Honorary titles of Russia
Honorary titles of Russia
–
Insignia of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
Honorary titles of Russia
–
Insignia of Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honorary titles of Russia
–
Insignia of People's Artist of the Russian Federation
9.
Hero of the Russian Federation
–
Hero of the Russian Federation is the highest honorary title of the Russian Federation. A person that has been bestown this title receives a Gold Star medal. The title is awarded to persons for service to the Russian state and nation, the title is bestowed by decree of the president of the Russian Federation. Russian citizenship or being in the service of the Russian state is not obligatory, the title was established in 1992, and has been awarded more than 970 times since then, including more than 440 times posthumously. The title Hero of Russia is a successor to Hero of the Soviet Union, the corresponding Gold Star is derived from the Soviet design, created by architect Miron Merzhanov and approved by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of August 1,1939. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian Federation under president Boris Yeltsin retained a modified award by Law of the Russian Federation № 2553-1 of March 20,1992. Article 71 of the Constitution of Russia permits titles, orders and medals to be presented by the government and this is the highest honour that can be presented by the Russian president to a citizen. The title of Hero of the Russian Federation can be awarded for a deed in the service of the state. It can be awarded to civilian and military personnel. The title can also be awarded if the heroic act costs the recipient his or her life. The President of the Russian Federation is the main conferring authority of the award, the insignia of Hero of the Russian Federation is worn on the left side of the chest above all other medals and decorations. Its medal is worn in full size, there is no ribbon bar or rosette that can be worn in its lieu. When Soviet titles, such as Hero of the Soviet Union or Hero of Socialist Labour are worn together with the medal of the Russian title, the latter has precedence. The insignia of the title of Hero of the Russian Federation is also called the Gold Star medal, the Gold Star medal is a gold five-pointed star with smooth 15mm dihedral rays on the obverse. The otherwise plain reverse bears the prominent relief inscription in 2mm high letters HERO OF RUSSIA at its center, in the upper portion, the insignia is secured to a standard Russian square mount by a ring through the suspension loop. The mount is covered by a silk moiré tricolour ribbon of white, blue, the majority of the early recipients of the title fell into two categories, participants in the Chechnya conflicts or cosmonauts. On some occasions, the person who was awarded the title was killed while in the course of duty, such as Major Denis Vetchinov and this includes those killed in battle as well as assassinated government officials. An example of such a recipient was Akhmad Kadyrov, the governor of Chechnya
Hero of the Russian Federation
–
Obverse of the Gold Star of Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation
–
Mikhail Kalashnikov, designer of Kalashnikov assault rifles, wears Gold Star of Hero of the Russian Federation and two Stars of
Hero of Socialist Labour (USSR)
Hero of the Russian Federation
–
Cosmonaut
Sergei Krikalev in 1992 became the first recipient of the title for outstanding service at the
Mir space station
Hero of the Russian Federation
–
Guards Lieutenant Colonel
Anatoly Lebed, awarded in 2005 "for courage and heroism in the performance of military duties in the North Caucasus".
10.
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
–
The Honorary Title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation is a state award of the Russian Federation presented to all cosmonauts who fly for the Russian Federal Space Agency. Usually accompanying the distinction is the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, the Honorary Title of Pilot-Cosmonaut was originally established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on April 14,1961, it was then called Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR. The Honorary Title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation is assigned by the president of the Russian Federation for the feat of space flight. The insignia of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation is worn on the side of the chest above orders. The Honorary Title Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation is a 25mm wide by 23. 8mm high convex pentagon with a silver rim. In the center is an image of the globe with the territory of the Russian Federation enamelled in blue. A gold star denotes Moscow as the point of origin of an orbital path going around the globe once to reach a silver satellite at the upper left of the globe. A second orbital path, this time enamelled in red, starts at the center of the globe going up in an arc narrowing along the way to reach a gilt spacecraft above the globe. The reverse of the insignia is plain except for the serial number. The insignia is secured to a standard Russian square mount by a ring through the suspension loop, the mount is covered by a silk moiré tricolour ribbon of white, blue and red
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
–
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation (obverse)
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
–
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation Aleksandr Yurievich Kaleri
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
–
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation Valery Grigoryevich Korzun
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation
–
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation Sergei Yevgenyevich Treshchov
11.
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
–
The Honorary Title of Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation is a state award of the Russian Federation that can trace its history to the Soviet Era. It was initially established on January 26,1965 by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet № 3230-VI as the title of Honoured Military Pilot of the USSR. The President of the Russian Federation is the main conferring authority of the based on recommendations from the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. The insignia Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation is worn on the side of the chest and in the presence of other orders. The honorary title of Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation is a 27mm wide by 23mm high silver, the insignia is secured to a standard Russian square mount by a silver-plated ring through the suspension loop. The mount is covered by a silk moiré tricolour ribbon of white, blue, the individuals below were all recipients of the honorary title of Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
–
Obverse of the insignia for Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
–
Major General
Timur Apakidze, a recipient of the title Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
–
Colonel Valerii Grigoryev, a recipient of the title Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
–
Colonel
Igor Tkachenko, a recipient of the title Honoured Military Pilot of the Russian Federation
12.
Order (honour)
–
Modern national orders and orders of merit developed in the 19th century, emerging out of the culture of chivalric orders of the Middle Ages. The modern distinction between orders and decorations is somewhat vague, except that most historic chivalric orders imply a membership in a group, in a few exclusive European orders, membership is or was also limited in number. Orders often come in multiple classes, including knights and dames in imitation of the chivalric orders. They were essentially courtly in nature, characterised by close personal relations between the members and the orders sovereign. By the time of the Renaissance, most European monarchs had acquired an existing order of chivalry, or created new ones of their own, to reward loyal civilian. Such orders remained out of reach to the public, however. In the 18th century, these ideas gradually changed and the orders developed from honourable societies to visible honours, an example of this gradual development can be seen in two orders founded by Maria Theresa of Austria. Still today many dynastic orders are granted by royal families to worthy individuals for service, in 1802 Napoleon created the Légion dhonneur, which could be awarded to any person, regardless of status, for bravery in combat or for 20 years of distinguished service. While still retaining many trappings of an order of chivalry, it was the first modern order of merit and is still Frances highest award today. Curiously, orders of merit based on the French Legion of Honour typically retain five classes in accordance with habits of chivalric orders. In communist countries, orders of merit usually come in one to three grades, with only a badge worn with or without a ribbon on the chest, an example of a communist order of merit was the one-class Order of Lenin of the Soviet Union. Unlike Western orders, however, communist orders could be awarded more than once to an individual, after the collapse of the Soviet bloc, most Eastern European countries reverted to the Western-style orders originally established before the rise of communism. Today many countries have some form of order of merit or national decorations, both Thailands Order of the White Elephant and Japans Order of the Rising Sun are over 100 years old. In Canada and some Commonwealth Realms, the Order of Merit is the highest civilian honour, Canada has the Order of Canada and provincial orders such as the Order of Nova Scotia. Australia has the Order of Australia, and New Zealand awards the Order of New Zealand, the Order of Mapungubwe is the highest honour in South Africa, while the Orders of Luthuli, and the Baobab exist alongside other decorations. The United States awards the Medal of Honor to members of its military for acts of valour, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, switzerland does not award any orders. Article 12 of the 1848 Swiss Constitution prohibited the acceptance of honours, the current Constitution of 1999 has no specific prohibition, but a federal statute effectively continues the prohibition by barring holders of foreign orders from holding public office. In 1974 the Cabinet of Sweden passed a regulation forbidding the Monarch of Sweden from awarding membership in orders to Swedish citizens
Order (honour)
–
Lemuel Francis Abbott 's portrait of
Admiral Lord Nelson depicting his honours embroidered on his coat jacket
Order (honour)
–
Order of the Garter insignia
13.
Order of St. Andrew
–
The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called is the highest order of the Russian Federation. Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of the Russian Empire in 1698, the Order was established in 1698 by Tsar Peter the Great, in honour of Saint Andrew, the first apostle of Jesus and patron saint of Russia. It was bestowed in a class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit. Peter learned of the practice of bestowing awards from his travels in the West during the Great Embassy, in the past, service to the Russian state was rewarded with money or large estates. He witnessed first hand the awards ceremonies for Englands Order of the Garter and Austrias Order of the Golden Fleece and noticed the loyalty and it also saved the state land and money. Count Fyodor Golovin was the first recipient of the order, until its abolition following the Russian Revolution of 1917, just over one thousand awards had been made. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank of lieutenant general or vice admiral, the Order of Saint Andrew continued to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile. The first post revolutionary presentation was to HH Prince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia on attaining his majority in April 1923. It was worn on a blue sash over the right shoulder. Star, eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a background at the center, surrounded by the motto For Faith. It was worn on the left chest, the insignia of order could be awarded with diamonds as a special distinction. Saint Andrews Cathedral in Saint Petersburg was the church of this order of chivalry. Recipient of Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called uses the post-nominal letters KA, for example, if one is awarded Order of the Garter, in that case, post-nominals of KG used before KA because the Order of the Garterr has been created in 1348. An order with the name but with different insignia and statutes was first unofficially re-established by the Orthodox Church of Russia on December 27,1988. The order was officially re-instated as the highest Russian civilian and military award by Presidential Decree №757 on June 1,1998, the Orders award criteria were modified by Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7,2010. The Order may also be awarded to heads of states for outstanding service to the Russian Federation. Unlike the original Imperial institution, the modern Order does not have special robes nor strict rules regulating its wearing, the collar of the original Order was worn across the shoulders, modern recipients tend to wear it as a chain around the neck. The design of the modern Order of St. Andrew has changed little from the imperial design
Order of St. Andrew
–
Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First Called Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного
Order of St. Andrew
–
The "Jewel" (Badge) of the Imperial Order of St. Andrew, obverse (left) and reverse (right)
Order of St. Andrew
–
Tsar
Peter the Great
Order of St. Andrew
–
General
Alexander Suvorov
14.
Order of St. George
–
The Order of Saint George is today the highest purely military decoration of the Russian Federation. Originally established November 26,1769 as the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire by Empress Catherine the Great and it was revived in the Russian Federation on August 8,2000 by Decree №1463 of the President of Russia. The current award criteria were amended on September 7,2010 by Presidential Decree 1099, the Order of Saint George is divided into four classes, from the First Class to the Fourth class, the highest degree being the Order First class. The four classes are awarded sequentially from the fourth to the first and these four classes are individually identified by the size and manner of wearing the two principal insignia of the Order, the cross and the star. Cross, A white enamelled cross pattée with a medallion bearing the image of Saint George on horseback slaying the dragon. The cross measures 60mm across in the case of the Order first class and is worn on a sash in the colours of Saint George. The same 60mm cross is worn around the neck on a 45mm wide ribbon also in the colours of Saint George for the Order second class. The cross is 50mm across for the Order third class and is worn around the neck. The Order fourth class is a 40mm cross worn on the left breast hanging from a pentagonal mount covered with a 24mm wide ribbon of Saint George, the star is worn on the left breast for both the Order first and second classes. Ribbon, The ribbon of the Order of Saint George is orange with three stripes, commonly called Georges Ribbon. It symbolises fire and gunpowder, the Russian colors of military glory and it was subsequently associated to the colors of the Russian Guard units. Unlike the other classes, the Order of Saint George fourth class can be awarded to junior officers while the rest is for senior and flag officers. When an individual is entitled to use multiple post-nominal letters, those of the Order of Saint George appear before all others, except Bt or Bart, the ribbon bar for the Order first class is adorned with a miniature golden star. The ribbon bar for the Order second class is adorned with a silver star. The ribbon bar for the Order third class is adorned with a white cross. The ribbon bar for the Order fourth class has no device, moskva 2004, ISBN 5-89577-059-2 The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation Herbermann, Charles, ed
Order of St. George
–
The Order of Saint George IV class
Order of St. George
–
Georgi Pulevski wearing a cross of the Order of Saint George, conferred for his part in the
Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
Order of St. George
–
Order of Saint George, first class Breast Star and Sash
Order of St. George
–
Order of Saint George, second class, neck badge and breast star
15.
Order of Alexander Nevsky
–
It was originally established by the Soviet Union as a military honour during World War II, more precisely by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 7,1942. Its statute was amended by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 26,1947. The Order of Alexander Nevsky was reinstated by the Soviet Union, minus the words Imperial and Saint, for award to officers of the army for personal courage and resolute leadership. The Order was retained by the new Russian Federation following the dissolution of the USSR by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation 2557-I of March 20,1992 but was never awarded. The Soviet Order of Alexander Nevsky was worn on the side of the chest. The early Russian Federation Order of Alexander Nevsky was also worn on the side of the chest. The star had gold-plated rims and edges, the original Order was suspended by a ring through a suspension loop to an early Soviet rectangular mount covered by a red silk moiré ribbon. This was changed in 1943 to a stud and nut attachment on the reverse. The Soviet variants of the Order used the likeness of the actor Nikolay Cherkasov as Alexander Nevsky from Eisensteins 1938 film, as there were no known portraits of Nevsky made in his lifetime. The design of the early Russian Federation variant of the Order differed from the Soviet variant only in the abrogation of the hammer, the Order of Alexander Nevsky is a 40 mm wide gold plated ruby enameled cross pattée. Between each cross arm, a gold double-headed eagle, the State Emblem of the Russian Federation, in the center of the obverse, a circular convex medallion bearing the enameled figure of Prince Alexander Nevsky riding a white steed facing left. On the reverse center, from the end of the right arm of the cross to the left end of the left end of the cross. At the bottom of the reverse of the cross arm. The Order of Alexander Nevsky is secured to a standard Russian pentagonal mount by a ring through the suspension loop, the mount is covered by an overlapping silk moiré 24mm wide red ribbon with a central 1. 5mm wide yellow stripe
Order of Alexander Nevsky
–
Order of Alexander Nevsky (obverse)
Order of Alexander Nevsky
–
Early Soviet Variant
Order of Alexander Nevsky
–
Early Russian Federation Variant
Order of Alexander Nevsky
–
Politician -
Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov
16.
Order of Suvorov
–
The Order of Suvorov is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honor of Russian Field Marshal Count Alexander Suvorov. The Order of Suvorov was originally a Soviet award established on July 29,1942 by decision of the Presidium of Supreme Soviet of the USSR and it was created to reward senior army personnel for exceptional leadership in combat operations. The Order of Suvorov was divided three different classes, 1st class, 2nd class, and 3rd class. Georgi Zhukov became the first recipient of the Order of Suvorov 1st class on January 28,1943, the Order 1st class was awarded to army commanders for exceptional leadership of combat operations. The Order 2nd class was awarded to corps, division, the Order 3rd class was awarded to regimental commanders, their chiefs of staff, and battalion and company commanders for outstanding leadership leading to a combat victory. In November 2015 all recipient formations of the Ukrainian army were stripped of their Red Banner Order of Suvorov as part of an Armed Forces-wide removal of Soviet awards, the Order may be awarded posthumously. The Order of Suvorov is a 40mm wide gold plated cross pattée with silver rays protruding from the center outwards between the arms of the cross to form a square, the distance from the tip of the silver rays to the tip of the opposite rays is 35mm. The obverse center has a circular medallion bearing the gilded bust of Alexander Suvorov, in profile. Just below the bust of Suvorov, on the lower edge, crossed branches of oak. At the upper part of the medallion, following its circumference, the reverse is bare except for the award serial number. The Order is suspended by a ring through the suspension loop to a standard Russian pentagonal mount covered by a 24mm wide green silk moiré ribbon with a 5mm wide orange central stripe
Order of Suvorov
–
Order of Suvorov (obverse)
Order of Suvorov
–
Order of Suvorov 1st class (1942–2010)
Order of Suvorov
–
Order of Suvorov 2nd class (1942–2010)
Order of Suvorov
–
Order of Suvorov 3rd class (1942–2010)
17.
Order of Ushakov
–
The Order of Ushakov is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honour of admiral Fyodor Ushakov who never lost a battle and was proclaimed patron saint of the Russian Navy. It is bestowed to command grade naval officers for outstanding leadership, the order was established in two classes during World War II by decision of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 3,1944. The idea was given to Joseph Stalin by admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov in the summer of 1943. The Order of Ushakov 1st class was worn on the side of the chest. The Order 2nd class was worn on the right side. The central medallion was secured to the star by two rivets and surrounded by a gilt rope. On the reverse, a screw and a 33 mm in diameter nut arrangement for attachment to clothing. The award serial number was etched in the lower part. The only noticeable difference between the Soviet and early Russian Federation variants was the abrogation of the hammer and sickle from the latter, the Soviet Unions Order of Ushakov first class was awarded a total of 47 times, the second class 194 times. G. The Order of Ushakov may also be awarded to military units and it may also be awarded to foreign citizens - soldiers of allied forces from among its senior officers involved alongside troops of the Russian Federation. For organizing and conducting successful joint operations of allied troops, the Order of Ushakov is a 40 mm wide blue enamelled silver cross pattée, seven silver rays of increasing size protrude from the center between each cross arm. On the obverse, a central blue enamelled medallion superimposed over a ships anchor. On the medallion, the gilded bust of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov half turned to the left, below the medallion, on the crown and arms of the anchor, crossed gilded branches of oak and laurel. On either side of the bust, following the medallions circumference, the maximum distance between the tips of opposing silver rays is 45 mm. The plain reverse bears only a relief N and a line for the serial number
Order of Ushakov
–
Order of Ushakov (obverse)
Order of Ushakov
–
Admiral
Nikolay Mikhaylovich Kharlamov, a recipient of the Order of Ushakov 1st class
Order of Ushakov
–
Admiral
Arseniy Golovko, twice recipient of the Order of Ushakov 1st class
Order of Ushakov
–
Royal Navy
Admiral Sir Bertram Home Ramsay, a recipient of the Order of Ushakov 1st class
18.
Order of Zhukov
–
The Order of Zhukov is a military decoration of the Russian Federation. The order is named in honour of Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov, the Order of Zhukov was established by Presidential Decree 930 of May 9,1994. Its statute was amended by Presidential Decree 243 of March 6,1995, the original award was a 50 millimetres wide gilt cross pattée, the four arms were enamelled in red with a gilt border with alternating raised and recessed rims giving the appearance of shields. At the center, a 24 millimetres diameter blue enamelled medallion bearing the gold plated silver relief bust of Georgy Zhukov, below him, interlaced laurel, above the bust of Zhukov, the gilded inscription ГЕОРГИЙ ЖУКОВ. Between the cross arms, embossed gilt rays protruding from the center forming a 45 millimetres wide square with rounded corners. The reverse of the Order had a stud with a nut to secure it to clothing. The Order of Zhukov was worn on the side of the chest with other similar orders. The entire Russian Federation award system was revamped by Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7,2010 and this major rework included a redesign of the Order and amendments to its statute. The Order may be awarded posthumously, the Order of Zhukov is a 40 millimetres wide gilt cross pattée, the four arms are enamelled in red with a gilt border with alternating raised and recessed rims giving the appearance of shields. At the center, a blue enamelled medallion bearing the gold plated silver relief bust of Georgy Zhukov half turned to the right, below him, interlaced laurel, above the bust of Zhukov, the gilded inscription ГЕОРГИЙ ЖУКОВ. Between the cross arms, embossed gilt rays protruding from the center forming a 35 millimetres wide square with rounded corners. On the otherwise plain reverse, a raised letter N and a line for the serial number. The following individuals were the original recipients during the first investiture ceremony of the Order of Zhukov in April 1995, konstantin Abramov, Colonel-General, retired, Gabriel Tarasovich Vasilenko, Lieutenant-General, retired, Davidkov Victor I. Colonel-General, retired, Oleg Losik, Marshal of Armored Troops, retired, general of the Army, retired, Pavlovsky Ivan G. General of the Army, retired, Vasily Yakovlevich Petrenko, Lieutenant-General, retired, Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation Medal of Zhukov Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation
Order of Zhukov
–
Order of Zhukov (Obverse)
Order of Zhukov
–
Marshal of the Soviet Union Sergei Sokolov, a recipient of the Order of Zhukov
19.
Order of Kutuzov
–
The Order of Kutuzov is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named after famous Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov. The Order was established during the German-Soviet War to reward senior Red Army officers, the Order of Kutuzov has three classes and was retained by the Russian Federation after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Order of Kutuzov was established in three classes, 1st class, 2nd class, and 3rd class, general Ivan Galanin who distinguished himself during the Battle of Stalingrad became the first recipient of the Order 1st class. During World War II,669 Orders of Kutuzov 1st class were awarded, the Order of Kutuzov 1st class was also awarded to Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in 1945, to recognize the enormous contribution of its workers towards the defeat of Nazi Germany. The Order 2nd class was awarded to 3,325 corps, division, the Order 3rd class was awarded to regimental commanders, their chiefs of staff, battalion and company commanders and was only established on February 8,1943. 3,328 3rd class orders were awarded, the present Order was modified to its current design and award criteria by Presidential Decree 1099 of September 7,2010. The Order of Kutuzov is worn on the side of the chest. The badge of the Order of Kutuzov is a 40mm wide silver cross pattée with gold rays protruding between its arms at an obtuse angle, in the center of the obverse, a silver medallion bordered by a wide white enamelled band surrounded by a gilt laurel and oak wreath. In the medallion, the gold plated left profile bust of M. I, Kutuzov with the image of the Kremlin wall in the background. On the sides of the white enamelled band, the gilt inscription Mikhail Kutuzov. The reverse is plain, the serial number is inscribed on the reverse of the cross lower arm. The Order of Kutuzov is suspended from a standard Russian pentagonal mount by a ring through the suspension loop, the mount is covered by an overlapping dark blue silk moiré ribbon with a central 5mm wide orange stripe. Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union The Commission on State Awards under the President of the Russian Federation Legal Library of the USSR
Order of Kutuzov
–
Order of Kutuzov
Order of Kutuzov
–
Order of Kutuzov 1st Class 1942-2010
Order of Kutuzov
–
Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class 1942-2010
20.
Order of Nakhimov
–
The Order of Nakhimov is a military decoration of the Russian Federation named in honour of Russian admiral Pavel Nakhimov and bestowed to naval officers for outstanding military leadership. The order was established during World War II by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 3,1944. The Order of Nakhimov 1st class was worn on the side of the chest. The Order 2nd class was worn on the right side. The hammer and sickle bisected the laurel branches on the central medallion, five triangular red rubies were affixed to the silver star, one on each arm pointing out from the central medallions outer edge. On the reverse of the star, a threaded screw. The makers mark was located at the part of the gold stars reverse. The Order of Nakhimov 2nd class was of two part construction and made entirely of silver with red enamel in lieu of rubies, the only noticeable difference between the Soviet and early Russian Federation variants was the abrogation of the hammer and sickle from the latter. The Order first class was awarded 82 times, including twice to naval units, such as the 1st torpedo-boat brigade of Sevastopol, the Order second class was awarded 469 times, including twice to naval units. The Order of Nakhimov is worn on the side of the chest. In the center of the obverse, an enamelled silver bordered medallion bearing the left profile bust of Admiral Nakhimov over laurel branches. Along the medallion’s circumference over the image of the bust, the relief silver inscription “Admiral Nakhimov”, the medallion is surrounded by a silver chain. The Order Nakhimov is suspended to a standard Russian pentagonal mount by a ring through the suspension loop, the mount is covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide orange silk moiré ribbon with 1 mm wide black edge stripes and a 4 mm wide central black stripe
Order of Nakhimov
–
The Order of Nakhimov (Obverse)
Order of Nakhimov
–
First Class 1944 - 1991
Order of Nakhimov
Order of Nakhimov
–
Admiral
Arseniy Golovko, a recipient of the Order of Nakhimov 1st class
21.
Order of Courage
–
The Order of Courage is a state decoration of the Russian Federation first established on March 2,1994 by Presidential Decree 442 to recognise selfless acts of courage and valour. The Order of Courage nominally replaced the Soviet Order For Personal Courage in the post-USSR Russian awards system, the Order of Courage may be awarded posthumously and may be awarded multiple times to the same recipient. Individuals already awarded three Orders of Courage may be awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for a fourth act of courage. The Order of Courage is worn on the side of the chest. The Order of Courage is a vaulted 40 mm wide silver cross pattée with rounded ends, the outer rim of both the obverse and reverse are embossed. At the center of the obverse is the emblem of the Russian Federation. On the obverse, embossed rays extend outwards from the center to the rim in each of the crosss four arms. In the center of the reverse, the inscription in stylized Russian Cyrillic «МУЖЕСТВО». On the reverse of the cross arm, an N in relief and a horizontal line reserved for the award serial number, under the line. The badge of the Order of Courage hangs from a standard Russian pentagonal mount with a ring through its suspension loop, the mount is covered by an overlapping 24 mm wide red silk moiré ribbon with 2 mm white edge stripes
Order of Courage
–
Order of Courage (obverse)
Order of Courage
–
Lt. Col. Lebed,
Hero of Russia, Knight of the
Order of St. George 4th class and 3 time recipient of the Order of Courage, greeting Russian
President Medvedev on April 4, 2011. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Courage
–
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev awarding the Order of Courage to
Naval Infantry Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Kistanov on July 4, 2010 for his actions during the retaking of the Russian tanker "
MV Moscow University " from
Somali pirates. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Courage
–
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev awarding the Order of Courage to
EMERCOM mine rescue detachment commander Valery Zelyakov on May 3, 2012. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
22.
Order of Military Merit (Russia)
–
The Order For Military Merit is a military decoration of the Russian Federation established by presidential decree №442 of March 2,1994 to reward military excellence. The intended recipient and the person recommending the award must both have a minimum of 20 years of service. The Order For Military Merit is worn on the side of the chest. A rosette in the colours of the ribbon of the Order may be worn on civilian clothing, the Order For Military Merit is a 40 millimetres wide silver and enamelled eight pointed star. The four diagonal points of the star being enamelled in the colours of Russia, white, blue. The obverse has a red enamelled medallion with the silver state emblem of Russia in the center. The medallion is surrounded by a band with a relief laurel wreath on the lower half. The otherwise plain reverse bears the serial number at the bottom. The individuals below were recipients of the Order For Military Merit
Order of Military Merit (Russia)
–
Order "For Military Merit" (obverse)
Order of Military Merit (Russia)
–
Captain 2nd grade Oleg Kovalev being awarded the Order "For Military Merit" by President Dmitry Medvedev on December 19, 2010. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Military Merit (Russia)
–
CEO and Chief Designer at Production and Design Association Victor Tyatinkin, just awarded the Order "For Military Merit" by President Dmitry Medvedev on May 3, 2012. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
23.
Order of Naval Merit (Russia)
–
The Order For Naval Merit is a state decoration of the Russian Federation bestowed for excellence in military or economic maritime endeavours. It was established on February 27,2002 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation №245 and its statute was amended by presidential decree №1099 of September 7,2010. The badge of the Order is in the shape of a 40 mm wide four pointed cross made of enamelled silver, two anchors cross behind a central medallion bearing the coat of arms of the Russian Federation. The central medallion edge is enamelled in blue and bears the inscription FOR NAVAL MERIT, the individuals listed below were recipients of the Order For Naval Merit
Order of Naval Merit (Russia)
–
Order "For Naval Merit" (obverse)
Order of Naval Merit (Russia)
–
Commander of the Baltic Fleet, Vice Admiral
Viktor Chirkov, being awarded the Order "For Naval Merit" by president Dmitry Medvedev on February 21, 2011. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Naval Merit (Russia)
–
Gennady Antokhin, captain of the icebreaker "FESCO", wearing his Order "For Naval Merit" with President Dmitry Medvedev on May 3, 2012. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Naval Merit (Russia)
–
Captain 2nd grade Viktor Lapshin being decorated with the Order "For Naval Merit" by President Dmitry Medvedev on July 13, 2009 for distinction in the fight against Somali pirates. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
24.
Order of Honour (Russia)
–
Its statute was amended by decree №19 of January 6,1999 and more lately by decree №1099 of January 7,2010 which defined its present status. The Russian Federation Order provides continuity from the Soviet Unions identically named Order, the Soviet Order of Honor was denoted by a gray yellow edged ribbon. The obverse bears a white enamelled central medallion bordered by a laurel wreath. On the otherwise plain reverse, two rivets and the serial number at the bottom. The individuals below are recipients of the Order of Honour. A
Order of Honour (Russia)
–
Order of Honour
Order of Honour (Russia)
–
Reverse of the Order of Honour
Order of Honour (Russia)
–
Evgeny Mironov, Artistic Director of the Federal State Institution of Culture "The State Theatre of Nations," being awarded the Order of Honour by President
Dmitry Medvedev on December 29, 2011. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Honour (Russia)
–
Anatoly Alexandrov, Rector of the "Bauman" Moscow State Technical University being presented with the Order of Honour by President
Dmitry Medvedev on May 3, 2012. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
25.
Order of Friendship
–
It can trace its lineage to the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples. The badge of the Order of Friendship is made of gilded silver and it is a pentagonal star created from diverging golden rays. On the obverse at the center of the star is a terrestrial globe, the globe is surrounded by a green enamelled wreath of olive branches. On the reverse is the inscription Peace and Friendship and the serial number of the individual award. The distance between opposite tips of the star is 44 mm, when worn in the presence of other Orders and medals of the Russian Federation, the Order of Friendship is located immediately after the Order of Honour
Order of Friendship
–
Order of Friendship (obverse)
Order of Friendship
–
Prince Michael of Kent receives the Order of Friendship from
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on November 4, 2009 at the
Moscow Kremlin. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Friendship
–
International Olympic Committee president
Jacques Rogge being awarded the Order of Friendship by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 22 November 2011 at the Moscow Kremlin. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Friendship
–
Manfred Schmidt, Head of the Department for Crisis Management of the German
Interior Ministry, being decorated with the Order of Friendship by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on 13 October 2010 at the Moscow Kremlin. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
26.
Order of Parental Glory
–
The Order of Parental Glory is a state award of the Russian Federation. It was established on May 13,2008 by presidential decree 775 to reward deserving parents of large families. It can trace its origins to the Soviet Order Mother Heroine, the Orders statute was amended on September 7,2010 by presidential decree 1099, the same document that established the Medal of the Order of Parental Glory. The Russian Federation Order of Precedence dictates that the Order of Parental Glory is to be worn on the left breast with other orders, the badge of the Order is a 70 mm wide gilt silver cross pattée, with arms that are flared towards the concave outer ends. The cross obverse is enamelled in blue, at its center is a circular red enamelled medallion edged in gold and bearing the gilded coat of arms of the Russian Federation. A green enamelled laurel wreath passes under and near the ends of the cross. Golden rays extend between the arms to the laurel wreath. The reverse is plain and bears the serial number. A smaller 40 mm wide badge of the Order is also given for wear in special circumstances, the ladies badge hangs from a bow made of the same ribbon. Both are worn on the left breast, the individuals listed below were awarded the Order of Parental Glory. Its award criteria differ from those of the main Order only in the number of children required, the Medal of the Order of Parental Glory is awarded for raising four children, as opposed to seven for the Order, and the remainder of the statute is the same. The Medal of the Order of Parental Glory is made of silver and is 32mm in diameter. The obverse has a reproduction of the badge of the Order of Parental Glory, the reverse is plain with the central inscription FOR RAISING CHILDREN. The medal hangs from the mount and ribbon as the Orders smaller badge destined for wear. The Russian Federation Order of Precedence dictates that the Medal of Parental Glory is to be worn on the left breast with other medals immediately after the Medal For Merit in Space Exploration. Médaille de la Famille française The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation Site of the President of the Russian Federation The Russian Gazette
Order of Parental Glory
–
Order of Parental Glory
Order of Parental Glory
–
Russian president
Dmitry Medvedev presenting the Order of Parental Glory to Gabriel and Marina Medvedev on June 1, 2009. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Parental Glory
–
Russian president Dmitry Medvedev presenting the Order of Parental Glory to Vladimir and Olga Maksimov on January 13, 2009. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
Order of Parental Glory
–
Russian president Dmitry Medvedev presenting the Order of Parental Glory to Nadezhda and Ivan Pinchuk on June 1, 2011 for successfully raising 13 children. (Photo www.kremlin.ru)
27.
Cross of St. George
–
The Cross of Saint George is a state decoration of the Russian Federation. It was initially established by Imperial Russia where it was known as the Decoration of the Military Order of Saint George between 1807 and 1913. The Cross of Saint George was reinstated into the Russian awards system in 1992, established in the February 1807 decree of Emperor Alexander I, it was intended as a reward for undaunted courage by the lower ranks of the military. Article four of the decree ordered the decoration to hang from the ribbon as the Order of Saint George. There was only a class with no restriction as to the number of awards per person. The first soldier to be awarded the Cross of Saint George was a cavalry non-commissioned officer named Yegor Ivanovich Mitrokhin and he received the award for distinction in the battle against the French at Friedland on 2 June 1807. Numbering of the crosses on the began in January 1809, conversely. By this time, approximately 10,000 crosses had already been awarded, by the beginning of the War of 1812,16,833 crosses had been produced by the mint. An 1856 royal decree divided the decoration into four classes, the first and second classes were made of gold, the third and fourth were made of silver. The numbering on the reverse began anew for each class of the decoration, a 1913 royal decree officialized the name Cross of Saint George and the numbering began anew. In 1915, due to war shortages, the first and second class decorations were made of lower grade gold, the third and fourth class decorations were produced in the same 99 percent silver. There were 26,950 first class crosses and 52,900 second class crosses produced in low-grade gold, on 10 September 1916, the Highest Council of Ministers approved a change to the St George Cross removing the gold and silver from its making. They began to mint crosses made of metal and of white metal. The crosses first and second class, made of metal had the letters JM above the serial number. In 1917, the Provisional Government changed the statute of the cross allowing its award to junior officers, when awarded as such, a silver laurel branch device was affixed to the ribbon. The Cross of St. George was abolished after the Russian Revolution of 1917, following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cross of St George was reinstated by Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation № 2557-I of March 20,1992. Its award criteria were amended twice, first on August 8,2000 by Presidential Decree 1463, awarded sequentially in four classes from the fourth to the first for subsequent acts of courage. The first post reinstatement award ceremony took place in August 2008 to soldiers who displayed courage, a further 263 servicemen were decorated with the Cross of Saint George for distinction displayed in the Georgia operation
Cross of St. George
–
Imperial Cross of Saint George IV class
Cross of St. George
–
All four classes of the Imperial Cross of Saint George: The set of a "Full Cavalier"
Cross of St. George
–
August 2008,
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev with a junior sergeant just decorated with the Cross of Saint George 4th class for distinction in battle in the
2008 South Ossetia war
28.
Decoration For Impeccable Service
–
The Decoration For Impeccable Service was established by presidential decree No.442 on March 2,1994. Its statute was amended by presidential decree 1099 of September 7,2010. The Decoration For Impeccable Service is divided into a civilian and a division with different award criteria. Both are awarded for service of between 15 and 50 years, the red ribbon of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland is used for civilian recipients, the Ribbon of Saint George is used for military recipients. Fesenko, Deputy Director of Information of the Press Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Awards and decorations of the Russian Federation Ribbon of Saint George The Commission on State Awards to the President of the Russian Federation The Russian Gazette
Decoration For Impeccable Service
–
Decorations "For Impeccable Service" for 25 and 30 years
Decoration For Impeccable Service
Head of the House of Romanov
