1.
Oakland Golden Grizzlies
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The Oakland University Golden Grizzlies are the athletic teams that represent Oakland University in the Horizon League and Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The Golden Grizzlies have won 10 NCAA national championships and were runners-up 16 times, a member of the Horizon League, Oakland University sponsors teams in eight mens and ten womens NCAA sanctioned sports. Early in the history of Oakland University, academic excellence was stressed at the expense of competitive intercollegiate athletics, while the focus on academic excellence has continued and expanded, the university has also come to recognize the importance of intercollegiate athletics. During the transition to NCAA Division I status in 1998–99, OUs sports teams became the Golden Grizzlies, at the conclusion of the 2012–13 season, Oakland left The Summit League to become members of the Horizon League. Tracy Huth served as director from 2006–2014. He stepped down on January 24,2014, robby Stewart is serving as interim athletic director until a replacement is found. The Golden Grizzlies first joined a Division I conference in 1998 when they joined the Mid-Continent Conference, Oakland joined the Horizon League July 1,2013. Oakland University won ten national NCAA Division II titles and 16 teams were national runner-up in NCAA Division II, Mens swimming and diving won five championships and finished as runner-up 10 times. Five womens swimming and diving teams also finished first and three came in second, the mens soccer team was NCAA Division II runner-up in 1986,1994, and 1996. They were named head coaches in July 2016, Kaline is the grandson of Detroit Tigers Baseball Hall of Famer Al Kaline. The OU mens basketball team is coached by Greg Kampe, who is now among the top ten longest-serving coaches in the NCAA Division I ranks, OU qualified for the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship tournament for the first time in 2005. In 2010, Oakland made their second trip to the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship tournament after winning the Summit League Tournament. They came in as a 14 seed against No.3 Pittsburgh, in 2011, Oakland won the Summit League regular season and tournament for the second consecutive season and again received a 14 seed. This time, they played No.3 Texas, where they lost 85–81, nearly two dozen OU players have gone on to play professional basketball. His OU teammate, Kelly Williams, who is Filipino American, was the No.1 overall draft pick in the 2006 Philippine Basketball Association draft and was named the leagues Rookie of the Year in 2007. Brian Gregory, Oaklands career assist leader, played under Kampe from 1987–90 before beginning a coaching career and he was an assistant under Tom Izzo when Michigan State University won the 2000 NCAA title, and is now the head coach for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets mens basketball team. In the 2010–11 season, Oakland narrowly lost 77–76 to then-No,7 Michigan State before beating then-No. In the 2011–12 season, Oakland beat Tennessee for the year in a row 89–81
2.
Oakland University
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Oakland University is a public university located in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Michigan. Situated on a 1, 443-acre campus, it was co-founded by Matilda Dodge Wilson and it is the only major research university in Oakland County, from which the school derives its name, and it serves much of the Metro Detroit region. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has classified OU as a Doctoral Research University, Oakland University was initially under the banner of Michigan State University as Michigan State University–Oakland, or MSU-O. It opened in 1959 with 570 students and three buildings, in 1963, it became known as Oakland University. The universitys athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Golden Grizzlies. They are members of the Horizon League, in 1908, John Francis Dodge and his wife Matilda purchased a farmhouse and 320 acres of land known as Meadow Brook Farms, located in central Oakland County. Matilda inherited Johns fortune upon his death in 1920 and soon remarried to a lumber baron, the couple then built Meadow Brook Hall on the land between 1926 and 1929. Main campus buildings were completed on Squirrel Road in Pontiac Township, originally known as Michigan State University–Oakland, the university enrolled its first students in 1959 and was renamed Oakland University in 1963. The university has been independent since 1970. Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield to let the university use a Rochester, Michigan mailing address, after Wilson reminded him that she had contributed to his administration, Summerfield granted her request. Rochester is five miles and two away from the main campus buildings. In September 2009, tenured faculty members represented by the OU chapter of the AAUP went on strike, the salary freeze was in contrast to OU president Gary Russi, who had just received a $100,000 raise. The University Board of Trustees maintained that the strike was illegal, after a weeks strike, the faculty and administration came to an agreement on a three-year contract, which was implemented. In January 2012, 56-year-old student Joseph Corlett was suspended for a year from Oakland University after writing “Hot for Teacher” in his Advanced Critical Writing class and he referred to the course instructor as ‘stacked’ and graphically compared her to a sitcom character he fetishized in a 33-page essay. On March 15,2013, Joseph Corlett filed a $2.2 million federal lawsuit against Oakland University alleging violations of his 1st, the lawsuit was dismissed by U. S. District Judge Patrick J. Duggan. During the 2012 Republican presidential primaries, Oakland University hosted a debate between Republican presidential candidates on November 9,2011, CNBC televised the debate nationally, and the Michigan Republican Party co-sponsored the debate with CNBC. Eight candidates participated, Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, on February 12,2013, the Oakland University Board of Trustees approved a $65 million investment in campus expansion and improvement projects. The Board appointed George W. Hynd president of the university in July 2014 and he replaced Dr. Gary Russi, who retired in August 2013
3.
University of California, Berkeley
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The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
4.
Secret society
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A secret society is a club or an organization whose activities, events, and inner functioning are concealed from non-members. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence, the term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence. Anthropologically and historically, secret societies are deeply interlinked with the concept of the Männerbund, a purported family tree of secret societies has been proposed, although it may not be comprehensive. Alan Axelrod, author of the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders, defines a secret society as an organization that, shows a strong inclination to favor its own. David V. Barrett, author of Secret Societies, From the Ancient and Arcane to the Modern and Clandestine, uses slightly different terms to define what does and does not qualify as a secret society. Barrett goes on to say that a characteristic common to most of them is the practice of rituals which non-members are not permitted to observe. Because some secret societies have political aims, they are illegal in several countries, poland, for example, has included a ban on secret political parties and political organizations in its constitution. Many student societies established on university campuses in the United States have been considered secret societies, perhaps one of the most famous secret collegiate societies is Skull and Bones at Yale University. One of the best known British secret societies is the Cambridge Apostles, founded as an essay, in France, Vandermonde is the secret society of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. Notable examples in Canada include Episkopon at the University of Torontos Trinity College, Secret societies are disallowed in a few colleges. The goals of the society remain unknown, but it is believed that they are involved in cryptography, the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders. Secret Societies in America, The North American Review, Vol.164, conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies For Dummies. Geheimgesellschaften, Kulturhistorische Sozialstudien, Secret Societies, Comparative Studies in Culture, Society, the Mythology of the Secret Societies. Pledged, The Secret Life of Sororities, New York, Hamilton Printing & Publishing Company. Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries, Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, a comprehensive, though dated, review of the subject. Useful histories of Secret Societies in Australia and of Rise and Fall of English Freemasonry on non-commercial site <www. fraternalsecrets. org>
5.
University of California
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The University of California is a public university system in the U. S. state of California. The University of California was founded in 1868 and operated temporarily in Oakland until opening its first campus in Berkeley in 1873 and its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005. Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students, one campus, UC San Francisco, enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences. In addition, the UC Hastings College of Law, located in San Francisco, is affiliated with UC. The University of Californias campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline, as of 2016, UC faculty and researchers have won 62 Nobel Prizes. UC campuses are perennially ranked highly by various publications, internationally, UC Berkeley, UCLA, and UC San Diego are respectively ranked 3rd, 12th, and 14th worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities. In 1849, the state of California ratified its first constitution, taking advantage of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, the California Legislature established an Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in 1866. However, it existed only on paper, as a placeholder to secure federal land-grant funds, meanwhile, Congregational minister Henry Durant, an alumnus of Yale, had established the private Contra Costa Academy, on June 20,1853, in Oakland, California. The initial site was bounded by Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets and Harrison, the Colleges trustees, educators, and supporters believed in the importance of a liberal arts education, but ran into a lack of interest in liberal arts colleges on the American frontier. In November 1857, the Colleges trustees began to acquire parcels of land facing the Golden Gate in what is now Berkeley for a future planned campus outside of Oakland. But first, they needed to secure the Colleges water rights by buying a farm to the east. In 1864, they organized the College Homestead Association, which borrowed $35,000 to purchase the land, the Association subdivided the latter parcel and started selling lots with the hope it could raise enough money to repay its lenders and also create a new college town. But sales of new homesteads fell short, at the College of Californias 1867 commencement exercises, where Low was present, Benjamin Silliman, Jr. criticized Californians for creating a state polytechnic school instead of a real university. That same day, Low reportedly first suggested a merger of the already-functional College of California with the state college. The University of Californias second president, Daniel Coit Gilman, opened its new campus in Berkeley in September 1873, earlier that year, Toland Medical College in San Francisco had agreed to become the Universitys Medical Department, it later evolved into UCSF. In 1878, the University established Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco as its first law school, the California Constitution was amended to designate Hastings as the Law Department of the University of California in consideration of a $100,000 gift from Serranus Clinton Hastings. Hastings is the only UC campus not governed by the Regents of the University of California, in August 1882, the California State Normal School opened a second school in Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. In 1927, it became the University of California at Los Angeles, during the 20th century, UC acquired additional satellite locations which, like Los Angeles, were all subordinate to administrators at the Berkeley campus
6.
Levi Strauss & Co.
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/ˌliːvaɪ ˈstraʊs/ is a privately owned American clothing company known worldwide for its Levis /ˌliːvaɪz/ brand of denim jeans. It was founded in May 1853 when Levi Strauss came from Buttenheim, Bavaria, to San Francisco, the companys corporate headquarters is located in the Levis Plaza in San Francisco. Levi Strauss started the business at the 90 Sacramento Street address in San Francisco and he next moved the location to 62 Sacramento Street then 63 &65 Sacramento Street. Jacob Davis, a Latvian Jewish immigrant, was a Reno, Davis did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Strauss suggesting that they go into business together. After Levi accepted Jacobs offer, on May 20,1873, Patent 139,121 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The patented rivet was later incorporated into the companys jean design, contrary to an advertising campaign suggesting that Levi Strauss sold his first jeans to gold miners during the California Gold Rush, the manufacturing of denim overalls only began in the 1870s. The company created their first pair of Levis 501 Jeans in the 1890s, modern jeans began to appear in the 1920s, but sales were largely confined to the working people of the western United States, such as cowboys, lumberjacks, and railroad workers. Levi’s jeans apparently were first introduced to the East during the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, another boost came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work. Between the 1950s and 1980s, Levis jeans became popular among a range of youth subcultures, including greasers, mods, rockers. Levis popular shrink-to-fit 501s were sold in a unique sizing arrangement, the indicated size referred to the size of the prior to shrinking. The company still produces these unshrunk, uniquely sized jeans, additionally, the back pocket rivets, which had been covered in denim since 1937, were removed completely in the 1950s due to complaints they scratched furniture. The acquisition led to the introduction of the modern stone washing technique, simpkins is credited with the companys record-paced expansion of its manufacturing capacity from 16 plants to more than 63 plants in the United States from 1964 to 1974 and 23 overseas. As a result, Levis plants were perhaps the highest performing, best organized, the Dockers brand, launched in 1986 and which is sold largely through department store chains, helped the company grow through the mid-1990s, as denim sales began to fade. Dockers were introduced into Europe in 1996 and led by CEO Jorge Bardina, Levi Strauss attempted to sell the Dockers division in 2004 to relieve part of the companys $2.6 billion outstanding debt. As of 2016, most Levis jeans are made outside the US, though a few of the higher-end, labor history, distributing more than $9 million in restitution to some 1,200 employees. Levi Strauss claimed no knowledge of the offenses, then severed ties to the Tan family and instituted labor reforms, during the mid- and late-1990s, Fuerza Unida picketed the Levi Strauss headquarters in San Francisco and staged hunger strikes and sit-ins in protest at the companys labor policies. The company took on debt in February 1996 to help finance a series of leveraged stock buyouts among family members. The corporations bonds are traded publicly, as are shares of the companys Japanese affiliate, Levi Strauss Japan K. K
7.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler
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Benjamin Ide Wheeler was a Greek and comparative philology professor at Cornell University as well as President of the University of California from 1899 to 1919. Benjamin Ide Wheeler was born at Randolph, Massachusetts, on July 15,1854 and his father was successively a church pastor in Plaistow, New Hampshire, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Randolph, Massachusetts, Haverhill, Massachusetts, Saco, Maine, Franklin, New Hampshire. His mother, Mary Eliza Ide, was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, daughter of Ebenezer Ide of the Ide family which had its origin in South Attleborough, then Rehoboth. Their only son, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, had his education first in the schools of Haverhill and Saco. It was at Saco that he first entered a school in 1866. This high school was the institution which formerly had been called Thornton Academy, on removing in 1868 to Franklin, New Hampshire, he entered the Franklin Academy, and after six months there, went to the New London Academy, subsequently Colby–Sawyer College. From this school he was graduated in the summer of 1871. In the following autumn he entered Brown University from which he was graduated in 1875 and his studies at college followed the usual curriculum without any suggestion of specialization. On the commencement stage he had the honour of the classical oration, after graduation he taught for four years in the Providence High School. During the first two years he instructed mostly in mathematics, during the last two his work was about evenly divided between classics and mathematics. In 1879 he was appointed Tutor in Brown University to take the place, for four years, 1881–85, Wheeler studied in German universities—for a year at Leipzig, then for two years at Heidelberg, a half year at Jena, and a half year at Berlin. In 1899, he became President of the University of California, during the year 1895-96, he was Professor of Greek Literature at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, and during the year 1909-10, Roosevelt Professor at the University of Berlin. He was member of the American Oriental Society, the American Philological Association, during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire he was a member of Mayor Eugene Schmitzs Committee of Fifty. Under Wheeler the University of California underwent one of its periods of greatest growth and he also expanded the powers of the president, gaining the power to appoint all faculty. The University of California, Berkeley named Wheeler Hall in his honor, a Liberty ship was also named in his honor, the SS Benjamin Ide Wheeler. On June 25,1881, he was married to Miss Amey Webb of Providence, Rhode Island, daughter of Henry Aborn Webb, a banker of Providence, Rhode Island, and Amey Gorham Webb
8.
Clark Kerr
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Clark Kerr was an American professor of economics and academic administrator. He was the first chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, in 1945, he became an associate professor of industrial relations and was the founding director of the UC Berkeley Institute of Industrial Relations. Soon after the beginning of the Second Red Scare, in 1949, Kerr signed the oath, but fought against the firing of those who refused to sign. Kerr gained respect from his stance and was named UC Berkeleys first chancellor when that position was created in 1952, as chancellor, Kerr oversaw the construction of 12 high-rise dormitories. In September,1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed him to the Commission on Intergovernmental Relations, in 1958, Kerr was the Regents choice to lead the entire university system. His term as UC president saw the opening of campuses in San Diego, Irvine, a Mother Jones article mentioned that Kerrs achievements in this field earned him international acclaim. In 1959, Kerr along with Chancellor Glenn T. Seaborg helped found the Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory and it culminated in hundreds of arrested students at a sit-in. Kerr’s initial decision was to not expel University of California students that participated in sit-ins off campus and that decision evolved into reluctance to expel students who later would protest on campus in a series of escalating events on the Berkeley campus in late 1964. Kerr was criticized both by students for not agreeing to their demands and by conservative UC Regent Edwin Pauley, in 2002, the FBI released documents used to blacklist Kerr as part of a government campaign to suppress subversive viewpoints at the University. Edwin Pauley approached CIA Director John McCone for assistance, McCone in turn met with FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Hoover agreed to supply Pauley with confidential FBI information on ultra-liberal regents, faculty members, and students, Pauley received dozens of briefings from the FBI to this end. The FBI assisted Pauley and Ronald Reagan in painting Kerr as a dangerous liberal, Kerrs perceived leniency was key in Reagans election as Governor of California in 1966 and in Kerrs dismissal as president by the university’s Board of Regents in 1967. At the dedication ceremony, Kerr looked each of the Regents in the eye as he stated that he had left the presidency of the university just as he had entered it, fired with enthusiasm. Following his dismissal, Kerr served on the Carnegie Commission on Higher Education until 1973 and was chairman of the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education from 1974 to 1979. Kerr also served as Chairman,1984 USPS National Agreement arbitration chairman—and then joined the USPS panel of national contract arbitrators, Kerr was married to Catherine Kay Spaulding on Christmas Day,1934. Kay along with friends founded the Save San Francisco Bay Association in 1961, the couple had three children, Clark E. Jr. Alexander, and Caroline Gage. He died in his sleep on December 1,2003 in El Cerrito, California, there are Kerr Halls on the campuses of U. C. Additionally a second campus for UC Berkeley located near the first campus is named after him – The Clark Kerr Campus, the Berkeley facility is located a few blocks from the main campus, and includes residences and sports practice facilities
9.
William Knowland
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William Fife Knowland was an American politician, newspaper publisher, and Republican Party leader. He was a US Senator representing California from 1945 to 1959 and he served as Senate Majority Leader from August,1953 to January,1955 after the death of Robert A. Taft. He opposed sending American forces to French Indochina and was a critic of Communist China under Mao Zedong. Knowland represented the wing of the party and considered some of President Dwight D. Eisenhowers policies too liberal. After the Republicans lost their majority in the 1954 election, he served as Minority Leader from 1955–1959 and he was defeated in his 1958 run for California Governor. He succeeded his father, Joseph R. Knowland, as the editor in chief, Knowland was born in the City of Alameda, Alameda County, California. His father, Joseph R. Knowland, was serving his term as a US Representative. He was the child, with an older sister, Elinor. His grandfather, Joseph Knowland, had made the fortune in the lumber business. His mother, Elinor Fife Knowland, died on July 20,1908 and his fathers second wife, Emelyn S. West, raised Knowland as her own son. A young Knowland made campaign speeches for the 1920 Republican ticket of Warren G. Harding and he married at 19, became a California State Assemblyman at 25, entered the US Senate at 37, and became a grandfather at 41. Knowland, the president of the student body, graduated from Alameda High School in the Class of 1925 and he graduated with a political science degree in three and a half years from the University of California, Berkeley in 1929. He was a member of Zeta Psi fraternity, California Governor C. C. Young and University of California President William Wallace Campbell praised Knowlands political activities as a university student. Knowland attended the 1932 Republican National Convention and he watched from the gallery, the California delegation which included his father, Earl Warren, Louis B. Mayer and Marshall Hale. The Republicans in Chicago renominated President Herbert Hoover and Vice President Charles Curtis, in November 1932, he was elected to the State Assembly, serving two years, and in 1934 to the California State Senate, serving four years. He did not seek re-election in 1938 but remained active in the California Republican Party by serving in a number of roles. He was also influential on the scene, serving as the chairman of the executive committee of the Republican National Committee from 1940 to 1942. Knowland campaigned for 1940 Republican presidential candidate Wendell L. Willkie, in June 1942, Knowland was drafted into the U. S. Army for World War II service
10.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
11.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
12.
Party leaders of the United States Senate
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The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate, the Assistant Majority and Minority Leaders of the United States Senate are the second-ranking members of each partys leadership. The main function of the Majority and Minority Whips is to gather votes on major issues, because they are the second ranking member of the Senate, if there is no floor leader present, the whip may become acting floor leader. Before 1969, the titles were Majority Whip and Minority Whip. The Senate is currently composed of 52 Republicans,46 Democrats, the current leaders are Republican Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky and Democratic Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of New York. The current Assistant Majority Leader is Republican John Cornyn of Texas, the current Assistant Minority Leader/Whip is Democrat Dick Durbin of Illinois. The Democrats began the practice of electing floor leaders in 1920 while they were in the minority, John W. Kern was a Democratic Senator from Indiana. While the title was not official, he is considered to be the first Senate party leader from 1913 through 1917, the Constitution designates the Vice President of the United States as President of the United States Senate. The Constitution also calls for a President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate is absent, for these reasons, it is the Majority Leader who, in practice, manages the Senate. This is in contrast to the House of Representatives where the elected Speaker of the House has a deal of discretionary power. The Democratic Party first selected a leader in 1920, the Republican Party first formally designated a leader in 1925. gov Republican Majority Democratic Minority
13.
Markle Foundation
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The Markle Foundation is a 501 tax-exempt charitable organization concerned with technology, health care, and national security. Emerging communications media and information technology create unprecedented opportunity to improve peoples lives, the Markle Foundation works to realize this potential and promotes the use of information and information technology that address public needs. This has enabled the Foundation to offer recommendations to the highest levels of government, many of which have passed into law through acts of Congress. In 1969, Lloyd Morrisett, the Markle Foundations president at that time, for fiscal year 2008, Ms Bairds compensation from this tax exempt charitable organization was recorded as $505,750.00, in the Form 990-PF filed by Markle
14.
Robert McNamara
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Robert Strange McNamara was an American business executive and the eighth Secretary of Defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, during which time he played a role in escalating the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Following that, he served as President of the World Bank from 1968 to 1981, McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis. McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions of the Pentagon into two centralized agencies, the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. Prior to his service, McNamara was one of the Whiz Kids who helped rebuild Ford Motor Company after World War II. A group of advisors he brought to the Pentagon inherited the Whiz Kids moniker, McNamara remains the longest serving Secretary of Defense, having remained in office over seven years. Robert McNamara was born in San Francisco, California and his father was Robert James McNamara, sales manager of a wholesale shoe company, and his mother was Clara Nell McNamara. His fathers family was Irish and in about 1850, following the Great Irish Famine, had emigrated to the U. S. first to Massachusetts and later to California. He graduated from Piedmont High School in Piedmont in 1933, where he was president of the Rigma Lions boys club, McNamara attended the University of California, Berkeley and graduated in 1937 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics with minors in mathematics and philosophy. He was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa his sophomore year, and earned a varsity letter in crew. McNamara was also a member of the UC Berkeleys Order of the Golden Bear which was a fellowship of students and he then attended Harvard Business School and earned an MBA in 1939. One major responsibility was the analysis of U. S. bombers efficiency and effectiveness, especially the B-29 forces commanded by Major General Curtis LeMay in India, China, and the Mariana Islands. McNamara established a control unit for XX Bomber Command and devised schedules for B-29s doubling as transports for carrying fuel. He left active duty in 1946 with the rank of lieutenant colonel, in 1946, Charles Tex Thornton, a colonel under whom McNamara had served, put together a group of officers from his AAF Statistical Control operation to go into business together. Thornton had seen an article in Life magazine portraying Ford as being in dire need of reform, henry Ford II, himself a World War II veteran from the Navy, hired the entire group of 10, including McNamara. The Whiz Kids, as came to be known, helped the money-losing company reform its chaotic administration through modern planning, organization. Whiz Kids origins, Because of their youth, combined with asking lots of questions, Ford employees initially and disparagingly, the Quiz Kids rebranded themselves as the Whiz Kids. Starting as manager of planning and financial analysis, he advanced rapidly through a series of management positions
15.
United States Secretary of Defense
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The Secretary of Defense is the leader and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense, an Executive Department of the Government of the United States of America. The Secretary of Defenses power over the United States military is only to that of the President. This position corresponds to what is known as a Defense Minister in many other countries. The Secretary of Defense is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, Secretary of Defense is a statutory office, and the general provision in 10 U. S. C. This is also extended to the United States Coast Guard during any period of time in which its command, only the Secretary of Defense can authorize the transfer of operational control of forces between the three Military Departments and the nine Combatant Commands. The current Secretary of Defense is retired United States Marine Corps general James Mattis, the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were established in 1775, in concurrence with the American Revolution. Based on the experiences of World War II, proposals were made on how to more effectively manage the large combined military establishment. The Army generally favored centralization while the Navy had institutional preferences for decentralization, the resulting National Security Act of 1947 was largely a compromise between these divergent viewpoints. The Act merged the Department of War with the Department of the Navy to form the National Military Establishment, the Act also separated the Army Air Forces from the Department of the Army to become its own branch of service, the Department of the Air Force. At first, each of the service secretaries maintained quasi-cabinet status, the position of the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the number two position in the department, was also created at this time. The last major revision of the framework concerning the position was done in the Goldwater–Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986. In particular, it elevated the status of joint service for commissioned officers, making it in practice a requirement before appointments to general officer and flag officer grades could be made. Because the Constitution vests all military authority in Congress and the President, as the head of DoD, all officials, employees and service members are under the Secretary of Defense. All of these positions, civil and military, require Senate confirmation. Department of Defense Directive 5100.01 describes the relationships within the Department. The latest version, signed by former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates in December 2010, is the first major re-write since 1987, the name of the principally military staff organization, organized under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is the Joint Staff. In addition, there is the Joint Meritorious Unit Award, which is the ribbon and unit award issued to joint DoD activities. While the approval authority for DSSM, DMSM, JSCM, JSAM and JMUA is delegated to inferior DoD officials, Permanent Representative to NATO in recognition of U. S
16.
President of the World Bank Group
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The President of the World Bank Group is the head of World Bank Group. The president is responsible for chairing the meetings of the Boards of Directors, traditionally, the World Bank Group President has always been an American citizen nominated by the United States, the largest shareholder in the World Bank Group. The nominee is subject to confirmation by the Board of Executive Directors, to serve for a five-year, while most World Bank Group presidents have had banking experience, some have not
17.
Leigh Steinberg
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Leigh William Steinberg is an American sports agent. During his 41-year career, Steinberg has represented over 300 professional athletes in football, baseball, basketball, boxing and he has represented the No.1 overall pick in the NFL draft a record eight times. Steinberg is often credited as the inspiration of the sports agent from Cameron Crowes film Jerry Maguire in 1996. Steinberg was born and raised in Los Angeles by his parents, a teacher and a librarian and he attended Hamilton High School, and was elected student body president and voted most likely to succeed. He attended the University of California Los Angeles, for one year transferring to the University of California. Upon his arrival at Berkeley, Steinberg became a member of the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity, Steinberg eventually formed his own student government political party, called Unity. He subsequently resigned from his post as a result of a cheating scandal and he earned a B. A. in political science in 1970 and a J. D. in 1973 from UC Berkeley. For many years Steinberg and Jeff Moorad had an agency partnership. They sold that firm in October 1999 to Assante Sports Management Group, Assante acquired several other sports agencies. In February 2002, David Dunn left SMD to open Athletes First, players with him and opening offices about a mile from Steinbergs in Newport Beach, Calif. Extensive litigation ensued involving Dunn and Assante, Steinberg has successfully negotiated over $2 billion in contracts for players including Troy Aikman, Steve Young, and Ryan Leaf. He has represented the No.1 pick overall in the NFL draft a record eight times, Steinbergs clients have donated over $600 million to various charities around the world. He has actively been involved with the Human Relations Commission, Children Now, Childrens Miracle Network, Coro Fellows Program, and he founded and underwrites the Steinberg Leadership Institute, a nationwide program run by the Anti-Defamation League preparing students to fight racism and inequality throughout the world. He has endowed scholarships at his school, donated time and resources to organizations such as Special Olympics, Juvenile Diabetes Foundation. He has also endowed a classroom at Boalt Hall at the University of California at Berkeley, Steinbergs community activism has drawn praise from the political world. He has also worked as a consultant for the HBO original series Arli$$, Steinberg made an appearance in the film Jerry Maguire, and is often credited as the real life inspiration of the sports agents from that film. He has developed original television and film content for Fox Television, Warner Brothers Studios, ABC Entertainment and he has lent his marketing expertise to the video game software business and served as a member of the Board of Directors for two software manufacturers. Currently, Steinberg contributes a column to Forbes, The Huffington Post
18.
Sports agent
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Because of the unique characteristics of the industry sports agents are responsible for communications with team owners, managers, coaches, and other individuals. Primarily, agents are used to broker and negotiate contracts for their clients, also, they are responsible for making recommendations in regard to the athletes options. In addition to finding income sources, agents often handle public relations matters for their clients. In some large agencies, such as IMG, Creative Artists Agency, Roc Nation Sports and Octagon, agents deal with all aspects of a clients finances. Sports agents may be relied upon by their clients for guidance in all business aspects, for example, hockey agents start recruiting clients as young as 15, allowing the agent to guide the athletes career before the NHL draft, which happens usually at 18 years of age. Due to the length and complexity of contracts, many agents are lawyers or have a background in contract law. Agents are expected to be knowledgeable about finance, business management and it is important for a sports agent to follow trends in sports. Other skills an agent must possess are excellent communication and negotiation skills, Agents must be highly motivated, willing to work long hours, and capable of multitasking. It is very common for agents to be in negotiations on behalf of several clients at one time, some agents are part of large companies, and some are on their own. The number of clients an individual agent can handle and how many clients his or her employing agency can handle in total are interdependent variables, before the 1990s, most soccer players did not use agents. In some cases, they used their fathers as agents, in Sweden, there were only three licensed agents in 1995. As of 2002, there were 33, according to FIFA, there were 5,187 licensed association football agents world-wide, with 600 agents in Italy alone. Since 2001, agents have not been licensed by FIFA, instead, agents are now licensed directly by each association. Sports agents generally receive between 4 and 10% of the playing contract, and 10 to 20% of the athletes endorsement contract. NFL agents are not permitted to receive more than 3%, and NBA agents not more than 4%, the popularity of television shows such as Entourage, which stars a talent agent named Ari Gold, and Arliss, have helped glamorize the profession. Prior to that, movies such as Jerry Maguire, Two for the Money, in England, ITVs Footballers Wives put a new spin on sports agents by casting a no-holds-barred female agent Hazel Bailey. The television show Ballers, which started in 2015, also shows a depiction of sports agents. Due to the popularity of works, there has been increase of attention in the profession
19.
Berkeley, California
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Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley and it borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills, the 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world and it is one of the most politically liberal cities in the United States. The site of todays City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived, other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek. The first people of European descent arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776, today, this is noted by signage on Interstate 80, which runs along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Berkeley. The De Anza Expedition led to establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, luis Peralta was among the soldiers at the Presidio. For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay for a ranch, luis Peralta named his holding Rancho San Antonio. The primary activity of the ranch was raising cattle for meat and hides, eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. What is now Berkeley lies mostly in the portion that went to Peraltas son Domingo, with a little in the portion that went to another son, no artifact survives of the Domingo or Vicente ranches, but their names survive in Berkeley street names. However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant, the Peraltas Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after the Mexican War of Independence. The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes, the rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants. Politically, the area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County, on March 25,1853, Alameda County was created from a division within Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County. The area of Berkeley was at this period mostly a mix of land, farms and ranches. It was not yet Berkeley, but merely the part of the Oakland Township subdivision of Alameda County. In 1866, Oaklands private College of California looked for a new site, according to the Centennial Record of the University of California, In 1866…at Founders Rock, a group of College of California men watched two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. Although the philosophers name is pronounced bark-lee, the pronunciation of the name has evolved to suit American English as burk-lee. The College of Californias College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land, to this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeleys modern street plan
20.
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry
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The UC Berkeley College of Chemistry is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. It houses the departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, as of 2012-13, it has 815 undergraduates,526 graduate students, and 187 postdoctoral fellows. The Department of Chemistry is one of the largest and most productive in the world and it hosts 6 of the top 100 chemists worldwide by citation impact for 2000–2010, tied with MIT for the most of any institution. First established in 1872, the college awarded its first Ph. D. in 1885 to John Stillman, a Division of Chemical Engineering was established in 1946, becoming a department in 1957. The Department of Chemical Engineering changed its name to Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering in 2010 to reflect the focus of its faculty in the 21st century. The College offers three degrees, chemical engineering, chemistry, and chemical biology. Chemistry undergrads in the College of Chemistry also have the option to earn a B. A. in chemistry from the College of Letters, two double major programs with the College of Engineering exist, chemical engineering and materials science and engineering, and chemical engineering and nuclear engineering. Popular undergraduate courses such as Chem 4A and Chem 112A are taught by College of Chemistry faculty, graduate programs include the M. S. and Ph. D. in chemical engineering and Ph. D. in chemistry. 3 members of the faculty have been awarded the National Medal of Science, the College of Chemistry is located on the east side of the UC Berkeley campus. It includes Gilman Hall, a National Historic Landmark, where plutonium was first identified in 1941, pimentel Hall is one of the largest lecture halls on campus, and features a revolving stage to allow for setup of chemistry demos. The buildings of the College are linked by a network of underground hallways, tsien - Professor, Nobel laureate Harold C. Urey - Nobel laureate Henry Eyring - - National Medal of Science Willis Lamb - Nobel laureate in Physics Henry Taube - Nobel laureate Gordon Moore - cofounder of Intel Robert F. Curl, Jr
21.
UC Berkeley College of Engineering
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The College of Engineering is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Ranked third in the world, after the programs at MIT and Stanford, according to U. S. News & World Report. The college was established in 1931 from a merger of the Colleges of Mechanics, the College of Mining was integrated into the college in 1942. The college is situated in 14 buildings on the northeast side of the central campus. There are over 57,000 living graduates of the College of Engineering, living in all 50 states and nearly 100 countries, berkeleys chemical engineering department is under the College of Chemistry. There are approximately 3,200 undergraduates in the College of Engineering, representing all departments, undergraduate admissions to the College of Engineering is the most selective in the university as a whole. For the 2016-2017 application cycle, the rate has continued to stay at a low 8. 4%. The campus as a whole had a 17. 5% acceptance rate that year, applicants apply directly to one of the departments and enter as declared majors within their department. It is also possible to apply as Engineering Undeclared and enter the college, once within the college, it is possible to change majors with the approval of Engineering Student Services. It is extremely difficult for undergraduates in colleges at UC Berkeley to change college into Engineering. The College of Engineering accepts junior transfer applications for those who have completed at least 60 semester units at another college or university, preference is given to students at California Community Colleges. Only 9. 2% of the over 2,300 junior transfer applicants were admitted for the 2015-16 academic year. Dean Shankar Sastry has stated that the disparity between the colleges and the universitys acceptance rates is due to the failure to respond to the rise in demand for engineering degrees. 85% of undergraduates admitted to the college graduate from the college, the college has a 4-year graduation policy, with extra semesters approved only in certain cases. Engineering Student Services provides academic advising, peer tutoring, and career services to engineering students, various student organizations are run in conjunction with the college, including Pioneers in Engineering, Hackers @ Berkeley, Berkeley Engineers and Mentors, and the Open Computing Facility. Many students belong to the student chapters of their corresponding professional organizations, graduate admissions in the College of Engineering is administered by department. In Fall 2015, there were 492.5 masters and 1,337 doctorate students in the college, the colleges enrollment is approximately 26% women. Although the proportion of women has increased over time, issues of gender disparity in the college remain, according to a 2011 survey, female engineers reported a high number of instances of passive harassment, discrimination, and judgment
22.
UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design
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The College of Environmental Design, also known as the Berkeley CED, or simply CED, is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. The school is located in Wurster Hall on the southeast corner of the main UC Berkeley campus. S. the Graduate Program in Architecture is currently ranked No.4 in the world through QS World University Rankings subject rankings. The Architecture program has also recognized as the top public program by the journal DesignIntelligence and is currently ranked No.6 in the United States. The Urban Planning program is currently ranked No.2 by Planetizen, the School of Architecture at Berkeley was developed by John Galen Howard in 1894 followed by the School of Landscape Architecture which began instruction in 1913 and City Planning in 1948. Originally, the school was located in North Gate Hall, Wurster Hall, the building which currently houses the college was built in 1964 and was designed by Joseph Esherick, Vernon DeMars, and Donald Olsen, members of the CED faculty. In March 2015, the college unveiled a 9 high 3D printed sculpture, entitled Bloom and this was the first printed structure of its type. Center for the Built Environment UrbanSim Official website
23.
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science
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The College of Letters and Science is the largest of the 14 colleges at the University of California, Berkeley and encompasses the liberal arts. The college was established in its present state in 1915 with the merger of the College of Letters, the College of Social Science, as of the 2013-14 academic year, there were about 19,000 undergraduates and 2,763 graduate students enrolled in the college. L&S is organized into five divisions, Arts and Humanities, Biological Science, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, of the graduate divisions, Social Sciences is the most popular, followed by Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Arts and Humanities, and Biological Science. The Undergraduate Division serves the 19,000 undergraduate students in L&S, each division has its own administration, including a dean, associate dean, and assistant deans. Mark Richards, dean of the Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, serves as the Colleges executive dean, L&S has about 800 faculty members, including 13 Nobel laureates,3 Pulitzer Prize winners, and 12 MacArthur Fellows. The majority of undergraduates at the University are enrolled in the College of Letters, although freshman applicants indicate an area of interest on their applications, all freshmen in L&S enter as undeclared majors. This contrasts with other colleges at UC Berkeley, such as the College of Engineering. L&S undergraduates must declare a major before they begin their junior year, capped majors are impacted and have more stringent declaration policies. All undergraduates in L&S must complete classes in reading & composition, quantitative reasoning, foreign language, L&S offers a wide variety of graduate programs, including masters and doctorate programs. Many of these programs are ranked within the top five in their field by U. S. News, two programs, Jewish Studies and Near Eastern Religions, are joint programs with the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley. One program, Medical Anthropology, is a joint program with UCSF, the L&S graduate division serves 87 masters/first professional students and 2,676 doctoral students as of Fall 2013
24.
UC Berkeley College of Natural Resources
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The College of Natural Resources is the oldest college in the UC system. D. Programs and in International Trade, #1 by the National Research Council in Agricultural & Resource Economics, QS World Rankings recognizes the University of California, Berkeley, as the worlds leading university in Environmental Studies with 100 points in Academic Reputation. U. S. News also ranks it as the best global university for environment, a study of AJAE authors and their university affiliations found it to have the highest number of pages per research faculty member. Established in 1868 as the College of Agriculture under the federal Morrill Land-Grant Acts, missionaries sent west by the Home Mission Society of New York, however, created the College of California and eventually transferred its ownership to the State in 1855. By 1862, the State had secured the necessary to establish a college as a result of the Morrill Act. This college was known as the Agricultural Mining and Mechanical Arts College, on March 23,1868, Governor H. H. Haight combined the resources of this college with the College of California to create the first University of California. The Board of Regents began admitting women to the University of California in 1871, the College of Natural Resources is located on the northwest end of the UC Berkeley campus, and is composed of six buildings. It includes the group of Wellman, Hilgrad, and Giannini halls that composed the original college. This trio, known as the Agriculture Complex, is the most unified grouping of buildings on campus and they are on the National Register of Historic Places, and are visually unified by a Mediterranean landscape of olive and stone pine trees. Hilgrad was constructed six years later by the architect, and named after Eugene W. Hilgrad, professor of Agricultural Chemistry. Its neo-classical design is inscribed with the phrase To Rescue for Human Society the Native Values of Rural Life, Giannini Hall was designed by Howards co-worker, William Charles Hays, through an endowment from the Bancitaly Corporation in memory of their founder, Amadeo Giannini. Admissions to AREs graduate program are competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8. 8%. ARE offers one major, Bachelor of Science in Environmental Economics. Admissions to ESPMs graduate program are competitive, with an acceptance rate of 8. 75%. ESPM graduates may earn a Ph. D. in Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, ESPM also offers five undergraduate majors, Conservation and Resource Studies, Environmental Sciences, Forestry and Natural Resources, Molecular Environmental Biology, and Society and Environment. NST offers doctoral degrees in Molecular and Biochemical Nutrition, as well as in Molecular Toxicology, the department oversees one undergraduate major program in Nutritional Sciences, with specialized tracks in Physiology & Metabolism, Dietetics, and Molecular Toxicology. Plant and Microbial Biology encompasses theoretical and applied research in ecology, computational biology, genomics, host-microbe interactions, physiology and it offers a Ph. D. in Plant or Microbial Biology, and oversees two similarly named undergraduate major programs
25.
Goldman School of Public Policy
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The Richard and Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy is a public policy school and one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Originally named the Graduate School of Public Policy, it was founded in 1969 as one of the first public institutions in the United States. In 2016, the Goldman School was ranked as the #1 public policy program in the country by US News. The Graduate School was renamed after the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund donated $10 million in 1997, as of August 2016, the dean is Henry Brady. The first dean was political scientist Aaron Wildavsky, the building was originally designed by Ernest Coxhead in 1893 as the Beta Theta Pi fraternity house. It is located on the north side of the Berkeley campus. The building underwent seismic strengthening and received a Preservation Award from the Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association, the main component of the schools graduate curriculum is the two-year Master of Public Policy program. The curriculum also includes five electives, taken either at GSPP or elsewhere at Berkeley, students work at a summer policy internship between their first and second years and complete an analysis, in groups and individually, during the spring semester of each year. Locally- and nationally-known policy professionals, provide perspective and guidance to students, GSPP not only offers the Master of Public Policy degree but also a Ph. D. for those interested in furthering research in public policy methods. Though it does not award degrees, it offers a minor program for undergraduates. The Goldman School of Public Policy also offers a Master of Public Affairs, Goldman Environmental Prize Cloyne Court Hotel Official website
26.
Haas School of Business
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The Walter A. Haas School of Business, also known as the Haas School of Business or simply Haas, is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. The school is situated in three connected buildings surrounding a courtyard on the southeastern corner of the Berkeley campus. The final design of architect Charles Moore, the mini-campus was completed in 1995, the school is planning to expand its facilities with a new commons building shared with the Berkeley School of Law. It consistently ranks as one of the top ten schools in worldwide rankings published by The Economist, Financial Times, US News & World Report. The Haas School of Business was first established as the College of Commerce of the University of California in 1898, the University of California charter, adopted in 1868, included among its goals the study of commerce. Hallidie and George T. Marye Jr. later proposed the establishment of a College of Commerce, the new college was founded on September 13,1898, when Cora Jane Flood, daughter of industrialist and University of California Regent James C. Flood, donated land to the University specifically to support the study of commerce, the school was the third collegiate business school in the United States and the first at a public university. The college’s first faculty included some American pioneers in the field of business. Simon Litman taught the first course in marketing between 1902 and 1908, adolph Miller, who was the Flood Professor of the Political Economy and Commerce from 1903 to 1915, later served on the first Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Wesley Clair Mitchell, who taught at Berkeley from 1905 to 1913, is known as the father of the business cycle analysis, Charles Staehling taught accounting at the college from 1921–51 and was known for adding a theoretical framework to the praxis-oriented teaching of accounting principles. Henry Mowbray, who taught from 1910 to 1948, wrote the first college textbook on insurance, the College of Commerce was founded in the liberal arts tradition, drawing on faculty from other disciplines on campus. Plehn was appointed the first Dean of the new college in 1898, plehn, a finance professor educated in Germany, drafted the colleges first curriculum for a Bachelor of Science degree. Plehn proposed changes to the curriculum in 1915 to give it a professional focus. Henry Rand Hatfield, a pioneer in accounting and an early entrant in the Accounting Hall of Fame, became the second Dean of the college in 1916, Hatfield had been hired by the University of California in 1904 as the first full-time accounting professor in the country. Hatfield played a role in the founding of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. He also published the first paper in the United States on accounting theory, as Dean, Hatfield sought to increase the reputation of the College of Commerce by bringing scholars from the East Coast to teach during summer sessions. In 1925, the colleges third Dean, Stuart Daggett, instituted a two-year Master of Science degree, the schools fourth Dean, Henry Francis Grady, was appointed in 1928. Grady went on leave from 1934 to 1936 to become an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the fifth Dean, Robert Calkins, succeeded Grady, but left within a few years to become the Dean of the Columbia Business School
27.
UC Berkeley Graduate School of Education
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The Graduate School of Education specializes in teacher training and education research. The Graduate School of Education occupies the east wing of Tolman Hall, located in the northwest area of the UC Berkeley campus. ”In 1913, UC Regents would establish the School of Education, with educator Alexis F. Lange presiding as the schools first dean. Over the next few decades, Doctoral, Masters, and Credential programs would develop, along with an outgrowth of other notable research initiatives, programs, fellowships, and institutes. Among these programs and institutes, came the establishment of the National Writing Project, the school has Masters Degree and Ph. D. programs which are contained within three Areas of Study and grouped by Degree and Credential objectives. All four Credential programs include an M. A. degree, all graduate programs stress the integration of theory with practical application. Researchers and classroom professionals work together to develop solutions to the challenges in education that require collaborative efforts across disciplines. For California resident graduate students, the fees for the 2012-2013 academic year are $7,589.75 per semester, for nonresidents and international students and these fees include a health insurance fee of $1,153 per semester. Health insurance fees may be waived if resident and nonresident graduate students provide verification that they have health insurance coverage. Fees for the Summer Sessions vary according to the number of units taken and are the same for resident, nonresident, all fees are subject to change. The U. S. News & World Report ranked UC Berkeleys Graduate School of Education 7th among top schools of education in the United States in 2008, the 2011 rankings placed the school at 12th place. The recent drop in rankings may be attributed to substantial program cuts that the Graduate School of Education has sustained over the past few years. W. Norton Grubb III - American author, educational economist, isiah Thomas, NBA Hall of Famer, philanthropist, and broadcaster Official website
28.
UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism
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The UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism is a graduate professional school on the campus of University of California, Berkeley. It is among the top journalism schools in the United States. The program is located in UC Berkeleys North Gate Hall, near the intersection of Euclid and Hearst Avenues in Berkeley, as of January 1,2013, it is being served by dean Edward Wasserman, a former Knight professor of journalism ethics at Washington and Lee University. Wasserman replaced professor Neil Henry, who stepped down from his position in August 2011 for medical reasons. Most courses offered by the school are on the graduate level, the school enrolls approximately 100 students,50 first-year and 50 second-year students, and is one of the smallest academic units on the campus of UC Berkeley. The school serves host to, or sponsors, a number of events, notable speakers from around the world have shared their insights on current events in the media. Recent speakers have included Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Robert McNamara, Hans Blix, George Soros, Cokie Roberts, Paul Krugman, Dan Rather, Bob Woodruff, Ira Glass, the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism focuses on thirteen areas of journalism. The school has stated a clear mission of providing students a hands-on approach to journalism, print, or written journalism, is often considered the foundation of all news media, and teaches students the fundamentals in news gathering and production for a mass audience. Stories written by students are published in one of three hyperlocal news websites that are run by the school, MissionLocal, OaklandNorth and RichmondConfidential, michael Pollan, John S. and James L. China expert and author Orville Schell served as dean of the school from 1996 to the summer of 2007, before Schell, Thomas Goldstein served as dean from 1988 until he left to become the dean of Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Journalism. He stepped down from position after five years, despite being credited for increasing endowments for that school from $54 million to $84 million over his short stint there. He is currently teaching a writing class at UC Berkeleys Graduate School of Journalism. Pulitzer Prize-winning American media critic Ben Bagdikian also served as a past dean of the UC Berkeleys Graduate School of Journalism. In 1981, actress Carol Burnett won a $1.6 million libel award from The National Enquirer over an article that she said implied she had been intoxicated in a Washington restaurant. She donated a portion of that to the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism saying she hoped the suit would teach aspiring journalists the dangers of defaming individuals in articles, the money was used to fund law and ethics courses. The UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism is housed in North Gate Hall and it is located immediately southeast of the intersection of Euclid and Hearst avenues in Berkeley, Calif. on the campus of UC Berkeley. The name is derived from the area in front of the school called North Gate. It serves as the northern most entrance of the primary University compound, and is opposite to Sather Gate, North Gate Hall was built in 1904 as a 1, 800-square-foot building known at the time as the Ark to house the architectural department
29.
UC Berkeley School of Optometry
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The University of California, Berkeley, School of Optometry is an optometry school in the United States. Berkeley Optometry offers a graduate-level, four-year professional program leading to the Doctor of Optometry degree, the School also offers a one-year, ACOE-accredited residency program in clinical optometry specialties. The curriculum at Berkeley Optometry is designed to provide clinical training as well as instruction in the science of vision. Students are trained to be primary eye and vision care providers, which includes comprehensive eye examinations and the diagnosis, treatment, applicants to Berkeley Optometry must have a bachelors degree and complete undergraduate general science courses. Berkeley Optometry operates its teaching clinics on a twelve-month basis, students begin their training full-time in the first year with vision science and optometry courses. They are also enrolled in preclinical laboratories in years 1-2, beginning their training on the first day of the first year, students have their initial clinic supervision in direct patient care in the summer following their second year. Third-year students continue to take didactic instruction but spend more than half their time in clinical training, fourth-year students train full-time in clinical rotations locally and throughout the United States. Berkeley Optometrys Meredith Morgan University Eye Center is a health care center that provides vision services to over 80,000 patients per year. These patients are divided across the age spectrum, on average, each student has more than 2,500 individual patient encounters by the time of graduation, covering every eye care specialty. Berkeley Optometry established its first off-campus Residency Program in 1978 when it affiliated with the Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical Center, the inaugural on-campus residency training program began in 1983. The program provides each resident with mentored postgraduate education and clinical training in one or two specialty areas of optometric practice, on-campus residents are expected to treat patients and teach or supervise in general or specialty clinics. They also have teaching responsibilities and must give case presentations, as well as submit publishable-quality clinical case or research papers, in 2010 Berkeley Optometry established its first Joint Residency/MS Program by offering a two-year masters degree. Designed for optometry residents, the Joint Residency/MS in Vision Science Program prepares clinicians for careers in teaching, academic and industry research, postdoctoral students complete an Optometry Residency and a Master’s research thesis. In the first year, OD residents focus on advanced clinical education, during the second year, residents move from patient care to the laboratory to continue their research project under the supervision of Vision Science faculty. Upon completion, residents receive an Optometry Residency Certificate and an MS in Vision Science, the Physiological Optics Graduate Program began in 1946, granting its first MS and PhD degrees in 1950. Advances in understanding the brain and the system, along with substantial improvements in instrumentation. Berkeley Optometry is funded by the National Eye Institute in support of training in clinical research. Thus trainees in the Berkeley Clinical Scientist Development Program have professional clinical degrees, the University of California Clinical Research Center in the School of Optometry works with industry, foundations, and government to design and evaluate innovations in patient vision care
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UC Berkeley School of Public Health
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The University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, commonly called the UC Berkeley School of Public Health, is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Established in 1943, it was the first school of public health west of the Mississippi River, the school is currently accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health. The School of Public Health has its origins in the Department of Hygiene and it was Karl F. Meyer, however, whose compelling 1930s Public Health curriculum demonstrated a pressing need for a school devoted to the study and practice of public health. The result was AB515, signed into law by Governor Earl Warren in 1943, shortly thereafter, in 1944, the UC Berkeley School of Public Health held its first commencement. It was accredited by the American Public Health Association two years later, becoming the only accredited school of public health west of the Mississippi River. In 1955, the school was relocated to be closer to the health department. The baccalaureate degree program continued, but the school began to devote much of its resources to graduate training, at this point, graduate enrollment hovered near 100 students. It soon trebled to 335 students in the mid-1960s, with an annual conferment of around 150 degrees, in 2011, the school enrolled 410 students and graduated 207. Among those graduated,160 received a Master of Public Health,8 received a Master of Arts, Berkeley also offers a joint MD/MPH with the Stanford University School of Medicine. US News and World Report ranks UC Berkeleys Master of Public Health program 8th in the nation, gordon Belcourt, former Executive Director of the Montana-Wyoming Tribal Leaders Council, named a Public Health Hero by the Berkeley School of Public Health in 2003. Susan Desmond-Hellmann, Chancellor of the University of California, San Francisco and incoming chief executive officer of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare
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The School of Social Welfare of the University of California, Berkeley, is located in Haviland Hall on the UC Berkeley campus. Its focus is preparing social work professionals for the public and nonprofit sectors and it offers an Undergraduate Group Major in Social Welfare along with the College of Letters and Science, the M. S. W. and the Ph. D. The school has its own library, founded in 1957, which contains approximately 34,400 volumes and 200 active serial titles, undergraduates majoring in social welfare belong to the College of Letters and Science, while the major is administered by the School of Social Welfare. Social welfare as a major in L&S is capped at 130 students. As of fall 2013, there are 30 doctoral and 177 masters/first professional students in the School, students have the opportunity to participate in field education, in which they complete an internship for an agency related to their career goals. The School maintains 9 research units, whose focuses include child services, family welfare, and social conflict
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UC Berkeley School of Law
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The University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, commonly referred to as Berkeley Law and Boalt Hall, is one of 14 schools and colleges at the University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley Law is consistently ranked as one of the top law schools in the nation, with rates lower than every school except Yale. William Miller, Solicitor General of the United States Theodore Olson, the Department of Jurisprudence was founded at Berkeley in 1894. In 1912, the department was renamed the School of Jurisprudence, in 1951, the School moved to its current location in the new Boalt Hall, at the southeast corner of the campus, and the old Boalt Hall was renamed Durant Hall. In April 2008, the law school rebranded itself, through a change of name from Boalt Hall to Berkeley Law to tie the law schools more closely with the campus upon which it resides. The administration hopes that this will improve the law schools name recognition since people know of UC Berkeley. Boalt Hall has approximately 850 J. D. students,200 students in the LL. M. and J. S. D, programs, and 45 students in the Ph. D. program in Jurisprudence and Social Policy. The JD programs admissions process is highly selective, Berkeley Law is known to value high undergraduate GPAs. Consequently, Berkeley has the 9th highest 75th percentile GPA, according to U. S. News and World Report, Berkeley has the 12th lowest acceptance rate among U. S. law schools, with about 25% of applicants admitted. For the class entering in the fall of 2016,1,328 out of 5,336 applicants were offered admission, the 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2016 entering class were 163 and 169, respectively, with a median of 166. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.65 and 3.89, respectively, boalts grading system for the JD program is unusual among law schools. Students are graded on a High Honors, Honors, and Pass scale, the top student in each class or section receives the Jurisprudence Award, while the second-place student receives the Prosser Prize. For a typical class in the JD program, the age of admitted students is 24 years old. Berkeley Laws tuition has increased in recent years, currently, tuition and fees are $48,703 per year and $52,654 per year. Most out-of-state students may claim in-state status in their year of study. The faculty of Berkeley Law also provide direction and the bulk of the instruction for the undergraduate program in Legal Studies. The Legal Studies program is not intended as a pre-law program and it is an American Bar Association approved law school since 1923. It joined the Association of American Law Schools in 1912, Boalt Hall offers combined degree programs with other schools at the University of California, as well as MA degrees from Tufts University and Harvard University
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California Golden Bears
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The California Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent the University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of the history, California has won team national titles in 13 mens and 3 womens sports and 104 team titles overall. Cal athletes have competed in the Olympics for a host of different countries. Notable facilities used by the Bears include California Memorial Stadium and Haas Pavilion, Cal finished the 2010–11 athletic season with 1,219.50 points, earning third place in the Directors Cup standings, the Golden Bears highest finish ever. Cal did not receive any points for its national championships in rugby, Cal finished 12th in the 2014-15 standings. In 2014, Cal instituted a strict standard for an athletes admission to the university. Cal Berkeley sponsors varsity teams in 14 mens and 16 womens sports, Notes As of December 4,2016, the program has also produced numerous NFL stars, including Aaron Rodgers, Ryan Longwell, Marshawn Lynch, DeSean Jackson, Desmond Bishop, and Jahvid Best. Tony Gonzalez, the NFLs all-time receptions leader among tight ends, head coach Justin Wilcox began his tenure in 2017. The California mens basketball team has represented the University of California intercollegiately since 1907, Cal basketballs home court is Haas Pavilion, which was constructed atop of the old Harmon Gymnasium using money donated in the late 1990s in part by the owners of Levi-Strauss. The program has seen throughout the years culminating in a national championship in 1959 under legendary coach Pete Newell and have reached the final four two other times in 1946 and 1960. The 1926–27 team finished the season with a 17–0 record and was named the national champion by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. The current head coach of the California mens basketball program is Cuonzo Martin, some notable NBA players that spent time playing in Berkeley include Jason Kidd, Kevin Johnson, and Darrall Imhoff. The Cal baseball team plays at Evans Diamond, located between Haas Pavilion, the Recreational Sports Facility, and Edwards Track Stadium. Cal has appeared in the post-season a total of nine times, including five times in the College World Series, shortstop Geoff Blum of Cals 1992 College World Series team hit the game-winning home run in the 14th inning of a 2005 World Series game for the Chicago White Sox. In September 2010, the university announced that baseball would be one of five sports cut as a cost-cutting measure, however, in April 2011, after receiving more than $9 million in pledges from supporters of the program, the program was reinstated. Mens bowling was an intercollegiate sport at the University of California in the 1970s and won a national championship in 1979. The first significant coach in Cal mens crew was Carroll Ky Ebright, during his tenure, Cal crew became known for success on both the collegiate and the international levels. Cal would represent the United States at two other Olympic games and winning the gold each time, the 1932 and 1948 Summer Games
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California Golden Bears baseball
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The California Golden Bears baseball team represents the University of California in NCAA Division I college baseball. Along with most other California athletic teams, the team participates in the Pac-12 Conference. The Bears play their games at Evans Diamond, and they are currently coached by David Esquer. The Bears have appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament 13 times and they have won two National Championships, at the first College World Series in 1947 and again in 1957. In 2010, the university announced that baseball would be one of five sports cut as a cost-cutting measure, however, in April 2011, after receiving more than $9 million in pledges from supporters of the program, the program was reinstated. Even donors from Stanford University, Californias biggest rival, pitched in to save the Golden Bears baseball team
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California Golden Bears men's basketball
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The California Golden Bears basketball team is the college basketball team of the University of California, Berkeley. The program has seen throughout the years, culminating in a national championship in 1959 under coach Pete Newell. The current head coach is Cuonzo Martin, who began his tenure in 2014, the team plays its home games at Haas Pavilion, which was built on top of the old Harmon Gymnasium using money donated in part by the owners of Levi-Strauss. The arena was known as Mens Gymnasium and then later Harmon Gymnasium until the late 1990s when it went through renovations which displaced the team for two seasons. The Golden Bears first played basketball intercollegiately in 1907 and began conference play in 1915. The 1920s was the dominant decade for Cal basketball, as the Bears won 6 conference titles under coaches E. H. Wright, Cal was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA Tournament national champion for the 1926–27 season by the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. Cal reached the pinnacle of the sport during the tenure of Pete Newell, the Golden Bears earned the conference title four out of his five years and in 1959, won the NCAA title. In Newells last year, Cal came close to another NCAA title, the fortunes of Cal mens basketball would never be the same after Newell. The next quarter-century would mostly be a one for the program, despite having players such as Butch Hays. From 1960 to 1985, the Bears tallied only two winning seasons in conference play, lou Campanelli served as head coach from 1986 -1993. The highlight of this era was a 75–67 victory over UCLA in 1986 that ended a 25-year,52 game losing streak to the Bruins. Campanelli in his first season took the Golden Bears to the 1986 National Invitation Tournament, in 1990, Campanelli led the Golden Bears to their first NCAA Tournament in 30 years. Cal also won the 1999 National Invitation Tournament, with a thrilling 61-60 victory over Clemson in the title game, in 2006, the Golden Bears reached their first Pacific Life Pac-10 Mens Basketball Tournament championship game. Despite Californias 71-52 loss to UCLA in the game, Powe was named Most Valuable Player for the tournament. From 1996–2008, under Ben Braun, Cal qualified for the NCAA tournament three times in the 2000s and six times overall. However, after finishing near the bottom of the Pac-10 for the second straight year, the former coach of rival Stanford, Mike Montgomery, succeeded Braun. In his first year the Bears finished tied for third in the Pac-10 and made it to the NCAA Tournament, in Montgomerys second season, the Bears won their first conference title in 50 years. They were able to one-up their previous season by winning their first round matchup against the Louisville Cardinals but fell to the national champions, Duke
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California Golden Bears women's basketball
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The California Golden Bears womens basketball team is the womens college basketball team of the University of California, Berkeley. The program has been to the NCAA tournament a total of nine times, the current head coach is Lindsay Gottlieb, who began her tenure in 2011. The team plays its games at Haas Pavilion, which was built on top of the old Harmon Gymnasium using money donated in part by the owners of Levi-Strauss. The arena was known as Mens Gymnasium and then later Harmon Gymnasium until the late 1990s when it went through massive renovations which displaced the team for two seasons. The first season of basketball at Cal was played from 1972–1973. The longest tenured coach in Cal history was Gooch Foster, who captained the team from 1979 to 1996, Cal was quite successful during this period, it won the conference twice in a row, and had 11 winning seasons. Since the early 1990s and through the early 2000s, however, success had been hard to come by,25 ranking in the final USA Today–ESPN womens basketball poll, and Boyle and Devannei Hampton receiving Pac-10 Coach and Player of the Year trophies, respectively. In 2007–08, Cal tied the 1983–84 Bears for the most wins in school history, the Bears have been ranked as high as 8th in the national polls and set a Pac-10 record attendance in womens basketball with 10,525 witnessing Cals 60-58 loss to Stanford at Haas Pavilion. 2008-09 was another season for Cal women, as the team led by seniors Ashley Walker. They went up against the undefeated UConn Huskies and even had a lead in the opening minutes. In 2008, California traveled to St. Thomas to participate in the Paradise Jam Tournament, in a first round game 3rd ranked California took on South Florida and won easily, 85–55. In the second round California played Texas Tech and won 68–54, on the final day, California easily beat Iowa 76–43 to go undefeated and win the 2008 Paradise Jam Championship Californias Ashley Walker won the Tournament MVP. In 2009-10 the Bears brought in a top 10 recruiting class to make up for the losses of Walker, the young Bears had an up and down year, going 6-5 in non-conference play including a home loss to nearby San Jose State. After an 0-3 conference start that left them two games under.500, the Bears started to find their form, going 12-5 the rest of the way including the Pac-10 tournament. However, the second success was not enough for an NCAA tournament bid. Although Alexis Gray-Lawson had to sit out the NIT opener because of an injury suffered in the Pac-10 tournament, the Bears edged UC Davis in overtime. Gray-Lawson returned for round 2, and the Bears romped through the games against Utah, Oregon, BYU, Illinois State. Gray-Lawson ended her career as the all-time Cal leader in three points made and games played, the 2012 -2013 season started with high expectations with almost the entire team returning and the Bears were ranked #13 in the AP pre-season poll, their highest ranking since 2009
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California Golden Bears football
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The California Golden Bears football team is the college football team of the University of California, Berkeley. The team plays its games at California Memorial Stadium. Memorial Stadium was built to honor Berkeley alumni, students, and other Californians who died in World War I, Memorial Stadium was named one of the 40 best college football stadiums by the Sporting News. Football was first played on the Berkeley campus in 1882, albeit in a form that resembled rugby and it was not until 1886 that American football began play. It played its first annual rivalry game – known as The Big Game – against Stanford University in 1892 and this became one of oldest College rivalry games in the United States. Football was put on hiatus in 1906 when it was decided by the Theodore Roosevelt administration that American football was too dangerous a sport, Football returned for good in 1915 and Cal has fielded a team in every year since. The 1920s saw the first golden age of California football, as the Golden Bears went 50 straight games without a defeat from 1920 to 1925, as of 2010, this is the third-longest unbeaten streak in NCAA history. The 1920–1924 squads were so dominant that they were nicknamed The Wonder Teams and he is considered to be the greatest football coach in Golden Bears history. He is famous for his strategy of kick and wait for the breaks. Dying in 1925 with his University of California 10-year record of 74 wins,16 losses and 7 ties, during his time California won three NCAA recognized national titles, four Pacific Coast Conference championships and made three trips to the Rose Bowl. In 1921 it shutout Ohio State 28–0, in 1922 and while swimming in mud, it tied the huge underdog Washington & Jefferson College Presidents 0–0, for the sole tie in Rose Bowl history. One of the stars of this era was Harold Brick Muller, in 1960 the respected Helms Athletic Foundation crowned the 1920 Cal Bears as the greatest football team in American history. Andy Smith died shortly after the end of the 1925 season and his death was unexpected and traumatic for the team and the whole university. His replacement was his assistant coach Nibs Price, Price was first hired as a freshman coach in 1918. He recruited the dominant 1919 freshmen team that would become the core of the Wonder Team for the three years. In their first season without Smith, Cal had its first losing season since 1897, but by 1928, the team that was undefeated with six shutouts was invited to the Rose Bowl to play against Georgia Tech. While this team is considered to be one of the greats in Cal history and it has become the most famous moment in Rose Bowl history. In the second quarter, Californias defense forced a Georgia Tech fumble on their own 30-yard line, and the loose ball was scooped up by California center Roy Riegels
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California Golden Bears rugby
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The Golden Bears have won 27 total championships since the national collegiate championships for rugby began in 1980. Cal also competes in the Collegiate Rugby Championship, the highest profile college rugby tournament in the US, the CRC is held every June at PPL Park in Philadelphia, and is broadcast live on NBC. Cal reached the finals of the 2010 CRC, losing to Utah in the finals in sudden death extra time, Cal also competes for the World Cup, which is awarded to the winner of the annual series between Cal and the University of British Columbia. Cal Rugbys home is at 5, 000-seat Witter Rugby Field, Rugby union began play at Cal in 1882 and continued until 1886, when it was ditched in favor of American Football. Rugby would make a return in 1906 after football was deemed too dangerous to play, from 1906 to 1914, Cal rugby garnered a respectable 78-21-10 record. 1914, however, saw the return of football and Cal would not field a team for almost 20 years. Around the turn of the century American football was being frowned upon for its violence, during this period of uncertainty, rugby made a brief but important reappearance in many colleges, most notably at the University of California and at Stanford University. It was these two Universities, and Santa Clara University, that supplied most of the players to the two US Olympic rugby teams who claimed fame by winning both Gold medals, in 1931, rugby returned under alumnus Ed Graff. 1938 began the era of Miles Doc Hudson, who guided the Bears for 37 years and his successor was Ned Anderson, an alumnus and former rugger for the Bears. A large group of supporters organized and disputed the relegation. On February 11,2011, the administration reversed its decision on rugby, Cal reached the final of the Varsity Cup in both 2013,2014 and 2015. The following table is a list of each of the championships since 1980 in which Cal has reached at least the semifinals. The following table is a list of each of the Varsity Cups in which Cal has reached at least the semifinals, the following is a partial list of Cal rugby players have played for the United States national rugby team, nicknamed Eagles, in a major international competition. Of the 30-man squad for the 2011 Rugby World Cup,7 were Cal alums
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California Golden Bears softball
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The California Golden Bears softball team is the intercollegiate softball team of the University of California, Berkeley. The team plays its games at Levine-Fricke Field, which is located in Strawberry Canyon near California Memorial Stadium. While the stadium was built recently in 1995, it is not up to the standards of the NCAA. California softball is one of the most consistently successful programs at the school with a current 26 year NCAA tournament streak, the current head coach is Diane Ninemire, who began her tenure in 1988 and has the most wins of any coach in California athletics history. The California Golden Bears softball team has one of the most consistently successful programs at the University of California since its inaugural season in 1972. Through the programs first forty years, it has had a record of 1, the current head coach is Diane Ninemire, who is currently in her 25th season leading Californias softball program. Ninemire holds the California school record for most all-time wins by a coach, Levine-Fricke Field opened in 1995 with a capacity of 500 permanent seats and it was announced by the athletic department that the stadium had expanded to 1,204 seats on April 11,2012. In 2002, the California Golden Bears softball program won its first national championship after defeating the national champion Arizona Wildcats on May 27,2002. There were high heading into the 2002 campaign after reaching the Womens College World Series from 1999 to 2001. The 2012 season began for the Golden Bears with extremely high expectations with head coach Diane Ninemire going as far as comparing her 2012 squad to the 2002 national championship team. The Bears started the season as #3 in the NFCA poll, Source,2012 Golden Bears Record Book Source, University of California Athletic Department List of NCAA Division I softball programs
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California Golden Bears women's volleyball
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The California Golden Bears volleyball team is the intercollegiate womens volleyball team of the University of California, Berkeley. The team plays its games at Haas Pavilion, which was built on top of the old Harmon Gymnasium using money donated in part by the owners of Levi-Strauss. The arena was known as Mens Gymnasium and then later Harmon Gymnasium until the late 1990s when it went through massive renovations which displaced the team for two seasons. The current head coach is Rich Feller, who began his tenure in 1999, Cal volleyball is coached by Rich Feller. In 2010, he was named the AVCA National Coach of the Year as Cal finished as NCAA runners-up. Cal completed its most successful season in 2010, as won the Pac-10 title for the first time in school history and advanced to the 2010 NCAA Championship final. Senior setter Carli Lloyd was named the 2010 AVCA National Player of the Year, in 2007, Cal reached the final four for the first time in school history before falling to eventual national champion Penn State in the semifinals. Hana Cutura was named the 2007 regional MVP for her helping Cal reach the final four, while the University of California department of athletics sponsors a varsity womens volleyball program, the school does not sponsor a mens volleyball program at the NCAA/varsity level. Because of this, California only competes in mens volleyball at the club level. Along with the club volleyball program, there is also a womens club team as well separate from the womens varsity team. According to the UC Berkeley Recreational Sports page, the mens volleyball program has won a total of six national championships. Occasionally, members of the volleyball team will help the womens varsity volleyball team with practices. *Includes 11 forfeits due to ineligible player, Source,2011 Golden Bears Record Book Source, University of California Athletic Department
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Stanford University
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Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, adjacent to Palo Alto and between San Jose and San Francisco. Its 8, 180-acre campus is one of the largest in the United States, Stanford also has land and facilities elsewhere. The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Stanford was a former Governor of California and U. S. Senator, he made his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students 125 years ago on October 1,1891, Stanford University struggled financially after Leland Stanfords death in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley. The university is one of the top fundraising institutions in the country. There are three schools that have both undergraduate and graduate students and another four professional schools. Students compete in 36 varsity sports, and the university is one of two institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference. Stanford faculty and alumni have founded a number of companies that produce more than $2.7 trillion in annual revenue. It is the alma mater of 30 living billionaires,17 astronauts and it is also one of the leading producers of members of the United States Congress. Sixty Nobel laureates and seven Fields Medalists have been affiliated with Stanford as students, alumni, Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, dedicated to Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The institution opened in 1891 on Stanfords previous Palo Alto farm, despite being impacted by earthquakes in both 1906 and 1989, the campus was rebuilt each time. In 1919, The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I, the Stanford Medical Center, completed in 1959, is a teaching hospital with over 800 beds. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, which was established in 1962, in 2008, 60% of this land remained undeveloped. Besides the central campus described below, the university also operates at more remote locations, some elsewhere on the main campus. Stanfords main campus includes a place within unincorporated Santa Clara County. The campus also includes land in unincorporated San Mateo County, as well as in the city limits of Menlo Park, Woodside. The academic central campus is adjacent to Palo Alto, bounded by El Camino Real, Stanford Avenue, Junipero Serra Boulevard, the United States Postal Service has assigned it two ZIP codes,94305 for campus mail and 94309 for P. O. box mail
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Big Game (American football)
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First played 125 years ago in 1892, it is one of the oldest college rivalries in the United States. The game is played in late November or early December. In even-numbered years, the game is played at Berkeley, while in odd-numbered years it is played at Stanford, Stanford has won the last seven games, the latest at Memorial Stadium 45–31. The Big Game is the oldest college football rivalry in the West, while an undergraduate at Stanford, future U. S. President Herbert Hoover was the student manager of both the baseball and football teams. He helped organize the inaugural Big Game, along with his friend Cal manager Herbert Lang, only 10,000 tickets were printed for the game but 20,000 people showed up. Hoover and Lang scrambled to find pots, bowls and any other available receptacles to collect the admission fees, the term Big Game was first used in 1900, when it was played on Thanksgiving Day in San Francisco. Fred Lilly, the last victim of the disaster, died on December 4,1900, to this day, the Thanksgiving Day Disaster remains the deadliest accident to kill spectators at a U. S. sporting event. In 1906, citing concerns about the violence in football, both schools dropped football in favor of rugby, which was played for the Big Games of 1906–14, the first incidence of card stunts was performed by Cal fans at the halftime of the 1910 Big Game. California resumed playing football in 1915, but Stanfords rugby teams continued until 1917, from 1915–1917, Californias Big Game was their game against Washington, while Stanford played Santa Clara as their rugby Big Game. The game resumed as football in 1919, and has played as such every year since, except from 1943 to 1945. A handful of Stanford starters—including guards Jim Cox, Bill Hachten and Fred Boensch, running back George Quist, Quist returned to Stanford, playing against Cal in the 1946 Big Game. Scenes for the Harold Lloyd silent classic The Freshman were filmed at California Memorial Stadium during halftime of the 1924 Big Game, since 1933, the victor of the game has been awarded possession of the Stanford Axe. If a game ended in a tie, the Axe stayed on the side that already possessed it, this rule became obsolete in 1996 when the NCAA instituted overtime. In 2013, the new Levis Stadium in Santa Clara was proposed as the site of the 2014 Big Game, the 2015 game would then be held in Berkeley, reversing the current rotation of odd-numbered years at Stanford and even-numbered years at Cal. But several days later Cal declined the offer, both teams came into the game unbeaten with a berth in the 1925 Rose Bowl on the line. With its star Ernie Nevers sidelined due to injuries, Stanford trailed 20–6 with under 5 minutes to go, but rallied to score twice to force a 20–20 tie and earn the Rose Bowl bid. In the 50th Big Game, winless Stanford led the 8–1 Bears with less than three minutes left in the game, but Cal scored on an 80-yard touchdown pass to clinch a 21–18 victory. Stanford quarterback Dick Norman threw for 401 yards, but it was not enough to hold off the Bears, Cal drove 62 yards in the final 1,13, culminating in a Vince Ferragamo touchdown pass to Steve Sweeney for a last-second 24–22 Cal victory
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University of California, Los Angeles
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The University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, California, United States. It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 and it offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. UCLA enrolls about 31,000 undergraduate and 13,000 graduate students, and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016, including transfer applicants, the university is organized into six undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and four professional health science schools. Fourteen Nobel laureates, three Fields Medalists, two Chief Scientists of the U. S. Air Force and three Turing Award winners have been faculty, researchers, or alumni, the university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015–2016 ranked UCLA 16th in the world for academics, in 2015-2016, UCLA ranked 12th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 31st in the 2016/17 QS World University Rankings. UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference, the Bruins won 126 national championships, including 113 NCAA team championships, more than any other university. UCLA student-athletes, coaches and staff won 251 Olympic medals,126 gold,65 silver and 60 bronze, UCLA student-athletes competed in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception, and won a gold medal in every Olympics that the United States participated in since 1932. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29,1882, the facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their technique with children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School, in 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School. In 1914, the moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue in East Hollywood. However, David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, the same legislation added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname Bruins, in 1927, the Regents renamed the Southern Branch the University of California at Los Angeles. In the same year, the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, the campus in Westwood opened to students in 1929. The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, the first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. A timeline of the history can be found on its website, during its first 32 years, UCLA was treated as an off-site department of UC. As such, its presiding officer was called a provost, in 1951, UCLA was formally elevated to co-equal status with UC Berkeley, and its presiding officer Raymond B. Allen was the first chief executive to be granted the title of chancellor. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped spark an era of growth of facilities. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a range of subjects
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