1.
Oakland Golden Grizzlies
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The Oakland University Golden Grizzlies are the athletic teams that represent Oakland University in the Horizon League and Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The Golden Grizzlies have won 10 NCAA national championships and were runners-up 16 times, a member of the Horizon League, Oakland University sponsors teams in eight mens and ten womens NCAA sanctioned sports. Early in the history of Oakland University, academic excellence was stressed at the expense of competitive intercollegiate athletics, while the focus on academic excellence has continued and expanded, the university has also come to recognize the importance of intercollegiate athletics. During the transition to NCAA Division I status in 1998–99, OUs sports teams became the Golden Grizzlies, at the conclusion of the 2012–13 season, Oakland left The Summit League to become members of the Horizon League. Tracy Huth served as director from 2006–2014. He stepped down on January 24,2014, robby Stewart is serving as interim athletic director until a replacement is found. The Golden Grizzlies first joined a Division I conference in 1998 when they joined the Mid-Continent Conference, Oakland joined the Horizon League July 1,2013. Oakland University won ten national NCAA Division II titles and 16 teams were national runner-up in NCAA Division II, Mens swimming and diving won five championships and finished as runner-up 10 times. Five womens swimming and diving teams also finished first and three came in second, the mens soccer team was NCAA Division II runner-up in 1986,1994, and 1996. They were named head coaches in July 2016, Kaline is the grandson of Detroit Tigers Baseball Hall of Famer Al Kaline. The OU mens basketball team is coached by Greg Kampe, who is now among the top ten longest-serving coaches in the NCAA Division I ranks, OU qualified for the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship tournament for the first time in 2005. In 2010, Oakland made their second trip to the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championship tournament after winning the Summit League Tournament. They came in as a 14 seed against No.3 Pittsburgh, in 2011, Oakland won the Summit League regular season and tournament for the second consecutive season and again received a 14 seed. This time, they played No.3 Texas, where they lost 85–81, nearly two dozen OU players have gone on to play professional basketball. His OU teammate, Kelly Williams, who is Filipino American, was the No.1 overall draft pick in the 2006 Philippine Basketball Association draft and was named the leagues Rookie of the Year in 2007. Brian Gregory, Oaklands career assist leader, played under Kampe from 1987–90 before beginning a coaching career and he was an assistant under Tom Izzo when Michigan State University won the 2000 NCAA title, and is now the head coach for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets mens basketball team. In the 2010–11 season, Oakland narrowly lost 77–76 to then-No,7 Michigan State before beating then-No. In the 2011–12 season, Oakland beat Tennessee for the year in a row 89–81
2.
Oakland University
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Oakland University is a public university located in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Michigan. Situated on a 1, 443-acre campus, it was co-founded by Matilda Dodge Wilson and it is the only major research university in Oakland County, from which the school derives its name, and it serves much of the Metro Detroit region. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has classified OU as a Doctoral Research University, Oakland University was initially under the banner of Michigan State University as Michigan State University–Oakland, or MSU-O. It opened in 1959 with 570 students and three buildings, in 1963, it became known as Oakland University. The universitys athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Golden Grizzlies. They are members of the Horizon League, in 1908, John Francis Dodge and his wife Matilda purchased a farmhouse and 320 acres of land known as Meadow Brook Farms, located in central Oakland County. Matilda inherited Johns fortune upon his death in 1920 and soon remarried to a lumber baron, the couple then built Meadow Brook Hall on the land between 1926 and 1929. Main campus buildings were completed on Squirrel Road in Pontiac Township, originally known as Michigan State University–Oakland, the university enrolled its first students in 1959 and was renamed Oakland University in 1963. The university has been independent since 1970. Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield to let the university use a Rochester, Michigan mailing address, after Wilson reminded him that she had contributed to his administration, Summerfield granted her request. Rochester is five miles and two away from the main campus buildings. In September 2009, tenured faculty members represented by the OU chapter of the AAUP went on strike, the salary freeze was in contrast to OU president Gary Russi, who had just received a $100,000 raise. The University Board of Trustees maintained that the strike was illegal, after a weeks strike, the faculty and administration came to an agreement on a three-year contract, which was implemented. In January 2012, 56-year-old student Joseph Corlett was suspended for a year from Oakland University after writing “Hot for Teacher” in his Advanced Critical Writing class and he referred to the course instructor as ‘stacked’ and graphically compared her to a sitcom character he fetishized in a 33-page essay. On March 15,2013, Joseph Corlett filed a $2.2 million federal lawsuit against Oakland University alleging violations of his 1st, the lawsuit was dismissed by U. S. District Judge Patrick J. Duggan. During the 2012 Republican presidential primaries, Oakland University hosted a debate between Republican presidential candidates on November 9,2011, CNBC televised the debate nationally, and the Michigan Republican Party co-sponsored the debate with CNBC. Eight candidates participated, Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, on February 12,2013, the Oakland University Board of Trustees approved a $65 million investment in campus expansion and improvement projects. The Board appointed George W. Hynd president of the university in July 2014 and he replaced Dr. Gary Russi, who retired in August 2013
3.
University of California, Berkeley
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The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
4.
Secret society
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A secret society is a club or an organization whose activities, events, and inner functioning are concealed from non-members. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence, the term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence. Anthropologically and historically, secret societies are deeply interlinked with the concept of the Männerbund, a purported family tree of secret societies has been proposed, although it may not be comprehensive. Alan Axelrod, author of the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders, defines a secret society as an organization that, shows a strong inclination to favor its own. David V. Barrett, author of Secret Societies, From the Ancient and Arcane to the Modern and Clandestine, uses slightly different terms to define what does and does not qualify as a secret society. Barrett goes on to say that a characteristic common to most of them is the practice of rituals which non-members are not permitted to observe. Because some secret societies have political aims, they are illegal in several countries, poland, for example, has included a ban on secret political parties and political organizations in its constitution. Many student societies established on university campuses in the United States have been considered secret societies, perhaps one of the most famous secret collegiate societies is Skull and Bones at Yale University. One of the best known British secret societies is the Cambridge Apostles, founded as an essay, in France, Vandermonde is the secret society of the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers. Notable examples in Canada include Episkopon at the University of Torontos Trinity College, Secret societies are disallowed in a few colleges. The goals of the society remain unknown, but it is believed that they are involved in cryptography, the International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders. Secret Societies in America, The North American Review, Vol.164, conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies For Dummies. Geheimgesellschaften, Kulturhistorische Sozialstudien, Secret Societies, Comparative Studies in Culture, Society, the Mythology of the Secret Societies. Pledged, The Secret Life of Sororities, New York, Hamilton Printing & Publishing Company. Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries, Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, a comprehensive, though dated, review of the subject. Useful histories of Secret Societies in Australia and of Rise and Fall of English Freemasonry on non-commercial site <www. fraternalsecrets. org>
5.
University of California
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The University of California is a public university system in the U. S. state of California. The University of California was founded in 1868 and operated temporarily in Oakland until opening its first campus in Berkeley in 1873 and its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005. Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students, one campus, UC San Francisco, enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences. In addition, the UC Hastings College of Law, located in San Francisco, is affiliated with UC. The University of Californias campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline, as of 2016, UC faculty and researchers have won 62 Nobel Prizes. UC campuses are perennially ranked highly by various publications, internationally, UC Berkeley, UCLA, and UC San Diego are respectively ranked 3rd, 12th, and 14th worldwide by Academic Ranking of World Universities. In 1849, the state of California ratified its first constitution, taking advantage of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts, the California Legislature established an Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in 1866. However, it existed only on paper, as a placeholder to secure federal land-grant funds, meanwhile, Congregational minister Henry Durant, an alumnus of Yale, had established the private Contra Costa Academy, on June 20,1853, in Oakland, California. The initial site was bounded by Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets and Harrison, the Colleges trustees, educators, and supporters believed in the importance of a liberal arts education, but ran into a lack of interest in liberal arts colleges on the American frontier. In November 1857, the Colleges trustees began to acquire parcels of land facing the Golden Gate in what is now Berkeley for a future planned campus outside of Oakland. But first, they needed to secure the Colleges water rights by buying a farm to the east. In 1864, they organized the College Homestead Association, which borrowed $35,000 to purchase the land, the Association subdivided the latter parcel and started selling lots with the hope it could raise enough money to repay its lenders and also create a new college town. But sales of new homesteads fell short, at the College of Californias 1867 commencement exercises, where Low was present, Benjamin Silliman, Jr. criticized Californians for creating a state polytechnic school instead of a real university. That same day, Low reportedly first suggested a merger of the already-functional College of California with the state college. The University of Californias second president, Daniel Coit Gilman, opened its new campus in Berkeley in September 1873, earlier that year, Toland Medical College in San Francisco had agreed to become the Universitys Medical Department, it later evolved into UCSF. In 1878, the University established Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco as its first law school, the California Constitution was amended to designate Hastings as the Law Department of the University of California in consideration of a $100,000 gift from Serranus Clinton Hastings. Hastings is the only UC campus not governed by the Regents of the University of California, in August 1882, the California State Normal School opened a second school in Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. In 1927, it became the University of California at Los Angeles, during the 20th century, UC acquired additional satellite locations which, like Los Angeles, were all subordinate to administrators at the Berkeley campus
6.
Levi Strauss & Co.
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/ˌliːvaɪ ˈstraʊs/ is a privately owned American clothing company known worldwide for its Levis /ˌliːvaɪz/ brand of denim jeans. It was founded in May 1853 when Levi Strauss came from Buttenheim, Bavaria, to San Francisco, the companys corporate headquarters is located in the Levis Plaza in San Francisco. Levi Strauss started the business at the 90 Sacramento Street address in San Francisco and he next moved the location to 62 Sacramento Street then 63 &65 Sacramento Street. Jacob Davis, a Latvian Jewish immigrant, was a Reno, Davis did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Strauss suggesting that they go into business together. After Levi accepted Jacobs offer, on May 20,1873, Patent 139,121 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The patented rivet was later incorporated into the companys jean design, contrary to an advertising campaign suggesting that Levi Strauss sold his first jeans to gold miners during the California Gold Rush, the manufacturing of denim overalls only began in the 1870s. The company created their first pair of Levis 501 Jeans in the 1890s, modern jeans began to appear in the 1920s, but sales were largely confined to the working people of the western United States, such as cowboys, lumberjacks, and railroad workers. Levi’s jeans apparently were first introduced to the East during the dude ranch craze of the 1930s, another boost came in World War II, when blue jeans were declared an essential commodity and were sold only to people engaged in defense work. Between the 1950s and 1980s, Levis jeans became popular among a range of youth subcultures, including greasers, mods, rockers. Levis popular shrink-to-fit 501s were sold in a unique sizing arrangement, the indicated size referred to the size of the prior to shrinking. The company still produces these unshrunk, uniquely sized jeans, additionally, the back pocket rivets, which had been covered in denim since 1937, were removed completely in the 1950s due to complaints they scratched furniture. The acquisition led to the introduction of the modern stone washing technique, simpkins is credited with the companys record-paced expansion of its manufacturing capacity from 16 plants to more than 63 plants in the United States from 1964 to 1974 and 23 overseas. As a result, Levis plants were perhaps the highest performing, best organized, the Dockers brand, launched in 1986 and which is sold largely through department store chains, helped the company grow through the mid-1990s, as denim sales began to fade. Dockers were introduced into Europe in 1996 and led by CEO Jorge Bardina, Levi Strauss attempted to sell the Dockers division in 2004 to relieve part of the companys $2.6 billion outstanding debt. As of 2016, most Levis jeans are made outside the US, though a few of the higher-end, labor history, distributing more than $9 million in restitution to some 1,200 employees. Levi Strauss claimed no knowledge of the offenses, then severed ties to the Tan family and instituted labor reforms, during the mid- and late-1990s, Fuerza Unida picketed the Levi Strauss headquarters in San Francisco and staged hunger strikes and sit-ins in protest at the companys labor policies. The company took on debt in February 1996 to help finance a series of leveraged stock buyouts among family members. The corporations bonds are traded publicly, as are shares of the companys Japanese affiliate, Levi Strauss Japan K. K
7.
Benjamin Ide Wheeler
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Benjamin Ide Wheeler was a Greek and comparative philology professor at Cornell University as well as President of the University of California from 1899 to 1919. Benjamin Ide Wheeler was born at Randolph, Massachusetts, on July 15,1854 and his father was successively a church pastor in Plaistow, New Hampshire, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, Randolph, Massachusetts, Haverhill, Massachusetts, Saco, Maine, Franklin, New Hampshire. His mother, Mary Eliza Ide, was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, daughter of Ebenezer Ide of the Ide family which had its origin in South Attleborough, then Rehoboth. Their only son, Benjamin Ide Wheeler, had his education first in the schools of Haverhill and Saco. It was at Saco that he first entered a school in 1866. This high school was the institution which formerly had been called Thornton Academy, on removing in 1868 to Franklin, New Hampshire, he entered the Franklin Academy, and after six months there, went to the New London Academy, subsequently Colby–Sawyer College. From this school he was graduated in the summer of 1871. In the following autumn he entered Brown University from which he was graduated in 1875 and his studies at college followed the usual curriculum without any suggestion of specialization. On the commencement stage he had the honour of the classical oration, after graduation he taught for four years in the Providence High School. During the first two years he instructed mostly in mathematics, during the last two his work was about evenly divided between classics and mathematics. In 1879 he was appointed Tutor in Brown University to take the place, for four years, 1881–85, Wheeler studied in German universities—for a year at Leipzig, then for two years at Heidelberg, a half year at Jena, and a half year at Berlin. In 1899, he became President of the University of California, during the year 1895-96, he was Professor of Greek Literature at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, and during the year 1909-10, Roosevelt Professor at the University of Berlin. He was member of the American Oriental Society, the American Philological Association, during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire he was a member of Mayor Eugene Schmitzs Committee of Fifty. Under Wheeler the University of California underwent one of its periods of greatest growth and he also expanded the powers of the president, gaining the power to appoint all faculty. The University of California, Berkeley named Wheeler Hall in his honor, a Liberty ship was also named in his honor, the SS Benjamin Ide Wheeler. On June 25,1881, he was married to Miss Amey Webb of Providence, Rhode Island, daughter of Henry Aborn Webb, a banker of Providence, Rhode Island, and Amey Gorham Webb
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