Order of the Nine Gems
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The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems was established in 1851 by King Mongkut of the Kingdom of Siam. The order is bestowed upon the members of the Thai royal family and distinguished high-ranking officials who have given service to the kingdom and who are active Buddhist laypeople. In practice, it is the highest Thai order granted to Thai citizens, as the two higher orders are reserved for royalty or foreign heads of state. Members of the order are entitled to use the postnominals น.ร.
Woodcraving of the Order of the Nine Gems at Wat Ratchabophit, Bangkok.
Order of the Nine Gems (Breast Star)
Insignia of the Sovereign Grand Master of the Order of the Nine Gems
King Chulalongkorn wearing the sash from his right shoulder, with chain of the nine gems over it and star on the left breast.
Monarchy of Thailand
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The monarchy of Thailand is the constitutional form of government of the Thailand. The king of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri.
King Naresuan of Ayutthaya fought several wars against the Burmese to preserve Siamese independence.
Wat Phra Si Sanphet next to the king's palace was the most sacred temple in the kingdom of Ayutthaya.
Thongduang, later King Rama I of Siam, founded the Chakri dynasty in 1782.
King Prajadhipok signing the Constitution of Siam, 10 December 1932.