The Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem of 1864–65 was the first scientific mapping of Jerusalem, and the first Ordnance Survey to take place outside the United Kingdom. It was undertaken by Charles William
Front page of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem, illustrated with the Chain Gate fountain. See full pdf of the Ordnance Survey here
The Palestine Exploration Fund is a British society based in London. It was founded in 1865, shortly after the completion of the Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem by Royal Engineers of the War Department.
PEF rock: Mark on boulder used by the PEF as a reference level (datum) for surveying the Dead Sea in the beginning of the 20th century
"Plan of the Noble Sanctuary" from The Survey of Western Palestine-Jerusalem (1884)
Women grind grain with a hand mill, Palestine (1900)