The Ordre national du Mérite is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 185,000 members; 306,000 members have been admitted or promoted in 50 years.
Commandant Jacques Cousteau, a Grand-Croix of the Ordre national du Mérite.
Actor, director and writer Jacques Weber, a Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite.
US Navy Admiral Frank Bowman, an Officier of the Ordre national du Mérite
The National Order of the Legion of Honour, formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour, is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte, it has been retained by all later French governments and regimes.
Current version of the Grand Cross of the order given by President René Coty to Dutch Prime Minister Willem Drees
First Légion d'Honneur investiture, 15 July 1804, at Saint-Louis des Invalides by Jean-Baptiste Debret (1812)
A depiction of Napoleon making some of the first awards of the Legion of Honour, at a camp near Boulogne on 16 August 1804
As Emperor, Napoleon always wore the Cross and Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honour.[citation needed]