1.
Spanish naming customs
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Spanish naming customs are historical traditions for naming children practised in Spain. According to these customs, a persons name consists of a name followed by two family names. The first surname is usually the fathers first surname, and the second the mothers first surname, in recent years, the order of the surnames can be reversed at birth if it is so decided by the parents. Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name, a composite given name comprises two single names, for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. The two surnames refer to each of the parental families, traditionally, a persons first surname is the fathers first surname, and the second one is the mothers first surname. From 2013, if the parents of a child are unable to agree on order of surnames, the law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Each surname can also be composite, the parts usually linked by the y or e. For example, a name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename, a paternal surname. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, for example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under Arbó, assuming that Sebastiá and Juan were both given names. However, Juan was actually his first surname, to resolve questions like this, which typically involve very common names, one must consult the person involved, or legal documents. A man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. Furthermore, Mr. Gómez might be addressed as José Antonio, José, Pepe, Antonio, or Toño Jose, Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín, Antoñito, Tonín or Nono. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific as don José Antonio or don José, colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez is sometimes incorrectly referred to in English media as Mr. Márquez, when it should be Mr. García Márquez or, simply, Mr. García. It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, for example, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called simply Zapatero, the name he inherited from his mothers family, since Rodríguez is a common surname and may be ambiguous. The same occurs with another former Spanish Socialist leader, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, as these peoples paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names. It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as Zapatero, a practical option to spare an explanation is using a single surname composed of two separate words. Parents choose their childs name, which must be recorded in the Registro Civil to establish his or her legal identity. With few restrictions, parents can now choose any name, common sources of names are the parents taste, honouring a relative, the General Roman Calendar nomina, legislation in Spain under Franco legally limited cultural naming customs to only Christian and typical Spanish names
Spanish naming customs
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Spanish provincial surname concentrations: Percentage of population born with the ten most-common surnames for each province. (Source:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística 2006)
2.
San Diego Comic-Con International
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Signs outside Hall H
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Comic-Con International: San Diego: Creator
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Comic Con crowds in 2011 as seen from a helicopter – Panorama.
San Diego Comic-Con International
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Comic-Con crowd inside the second floor of the convention center in 2011 awaiting the exhibition hall to open.
3.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Star Wars, The Force Awakens is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed, co-produced, and co-written by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 and it was produced by Abrams, his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. John Williams, composer for the six films, returned to compose the films score. Lucas served as consultant during the films early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in England. It is the first live-action film in the franchise since Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars, The Force Awakens was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14,2015, four days before its release worldwide. It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations, two sequels, Star Wars, The Last Jedi and Episode IX, are scheduled for release in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Three decades after the destruction of the second Death Star, the First Order has risen from the fallen Galactic Empire, the Resistance, backed by the Republic and led by General Leia Organa, opposes them while searching for her brother, Luke Skywalker, to enlist his aid. Resistance pilot Poe Dameron meets village elder Lor San Tekka on the planet Jakku to obtain a map to Lukes location, stormtroopers commanded by Kylo Ren destroy the village and capture Poe, while Ren kills Tekka. Poes droid, BB-8, escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger named Rey near a junkyard settlement, Ren tortures Poe using the Force, and learns of BB-8. Stormtrooper FN-2187, unwilling to kill, frees Poe, and they escape in a stolen TIE fighter and they crash on Jakku, and Finn survives, but Poe is believed to have been killed in the crash. Finn encounters Rey and BB-8, but the First Order tracks them, Finn, Rey, and BB-8 flee the planet in the Millennium Falcon, which they steal from a junkyard. The Falcon is captured by a ship piloted by Han Solo and Chewbacca. Two rival gangs, seeking to settle debts with Han, board and attack, the gangs inform the First Order. At the First Orders Starkiller Base – a planet converted into a superweapon that harnesses energy from stars – Supreme Leader Snoke orders General Hux to use the weapon for the first time. Snoke questions Rens ability to deal with emotions relating to his father, Han Solo, the Falcon crew views BB-8s map and determines it is incomplete
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Theatrical release poster
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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(L-R) Producer
Kathleen Kennedy, writer and director
J. J. Abrams and writer
Lawrence Kasdan speaking at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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The cast of Star Wars: The Force Awakens at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con International (L–R:
John Boyega,
Daisy Ridley,
Oscar Isaac,
Adam Driver,
Domhnall Gleeson,
Gwendoline Christie,
Carrie Fisher,
Mark Hamill and
Harrison Ford)
4.
Guatemala
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With an estimated population of around 15.8 million, it is the most populated state in Central America. Guatemala is a democracy, its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción. The territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization, most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, from the mid to late 19th century, Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife. Beginning in the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company, in 1944, authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms. A U. S. -backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution, from 1960 to 1996, Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels, including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military. As of 2014, Guatemala ranks 31st of 33 Latin American and Caribbean countries in terms of the Human Development Index, Guatemalas abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes a large number of endemic species and contributes to Mesoamericas designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The country is known for its rich and distinct culture. The name Guatemala comes from the Nahuatl word Cuauhtēmallān, or place of many trees and this was the name the Tlaxcaltecan soldiers who accompanied Pedro de Alvarado during the Spanish Conquest gave to this territory. The first evidence of habitation in Guatemala dates back to 12,000 BC. Evidence, such as obsidian arrowheads found in parts of the country. There is archaeological proof that early Guatemalan settlers were hunters and gatherers, pollen samples from Petén and the Pacific coast indicate that maize cultivation had been developed by 3500 BC. Sites dating back to 6500 BC have been found in the Quiché region in the Highlands, archaeologists divide the pre-Columbian history of Mesoamerica into the Preclassic period, the Classic period, and the Postclassic period. Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a period, with small villages of farmers who lived in huts. This period is characterized by urbanisation, the emergence of independent city-states and this lasted until approximately 900 AD, when the Classic Maya civilization collapsed. The Maya abandoned many of the cities of the lowlands or were killed off by a drought-induced famine. The cause of the collapse is debated, but the Drought Theory is gaining currency, supported by such as lakebeds, ancient pollen. A series of prolonged droughts, among other such as overpopulation, in what is otherwise a seasonal desert is thought to have decimated the Maya
Guatemala
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Tikal Mayan ruins.
Guatemala
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Flag
Guatemala
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The Conquistador
Pedro de Alvarado led the initial Spanish efforts to conquer Guatemala.
Guatemala
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Criollos rejoice upon learning about the declaration of independence from Spain on September 15, 1821.
5.
Miami Dade College
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Miami Dade College, or simply Miami Dade or MDC, is a state college located in Miami, Florida. Miami Dade has eight campuses and twenty-one outreach centers located throughout Miami-Dade County, founded in 1959, Miami Dade is the largest college in the Florida College System with over 165,000 students. Additionally, MDC is also the largest institution of education in Florida. Miami Dade Colleges main campus, the Wolfson Campus, is in Downtown Miami, Miami Dade College was established in 1959 and opened in 1960 as Dade County Junior College. The original campus was located at the recently built Miami Central High School, the campus consisted of a portion of the school and an adjacent farm. In 1960, a facility was built on an old air station near Opa-locka Airport. The College enrolled African American students and Cuban exiles who could not afford other schools, as the college grew, a temporary satellite campus opened in what is today Pinecrest at Miami Palmetto High School until the new South Campus was built in Kendall. Later renamed Miami-Dade Junior College, its two flagship campuses expanded and enrolled students, eventually outgrowing the University of Florida and Florida State University. After some time, college board of directors chairman Mitchell Wolfson envisioned a campus at the heart of Downtown Miami, and in 1973, the College changed its name to Miami-Dade Community College around the same time. The College initially implemented an open policy, meaning anyone who could afford classes was allowed to enroll. Because of this, the focus of the College became strengthening its academics, as a result, the Medical Center was built near Miamis Civic Center adjacent to the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital to train students in Allied Health and nursing programs. With the Mariel exile community arriving in 1980, the College created a center in Hialeah to give incoming refugees educational opportunities. Another outreach center, the InterAmerican center, was built to accommodate bilingual education, the Homestead Campus was built in 1990 in Homestead to relieve the concerns of students having to drive to the Kendall Campus In Miami. In the mid-1990s, the College made use of new media, as the Florida legislature reduced the education budget, the College began to rely heavily on the Miami Dade College Foundation, consisting mainly of Alumni, for financial support. Beginning in 2001, the College implemented a plan to revamp the College. In 2002, the College disbanded its Honors Program and created The Honors College for talented high school graduates, the Honors College is a representation of Miami Dade Colleges most academically-gifted students in different fields and was originally based in the three larger campuses. In 2007, The Honors College expanded into the InterAmerican Campus with The Honors College Dual Language Honors Program, the Dual Language Honors Program opened its doors to bilingual students who wish to continue their careers with professional fluency in the English and Spanish languages. In 2003, the College was granted the right to award degrees in education to meet future education needs
Miami Dade College
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Construction of a new student union wellness center and food court across from the
Downtown Miami campus in March 2011
Miami Dade College
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Miami Dade College
Miami Dade College
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Broward College
6.
Juilliard School
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The Juilliard School located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. It is informally referred to as Juilliard, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the leading music schools. In 2016, QS Quacquarelli Symonds ranked it as the worlds best institution for Performing Arts in their global ranking of the discipline. The Institute opened in the former Lenox Mansion, Fifth Avenue and 12th Street and it moved in 1910 to 120 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, onto a property purchased from Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus D. Juilliard, in 1924, the foundation purchased the Vanderbilt family guesthouse at 49 E. 52nd Street and established the Juilliard Graduate School. In 1926, the Juilliard School of Music was created through a merger of the Institute of Musical Art, the two schools shared a common Board of Directors and President but retained their distinct identities. The conductor and music-educator Frank Damrosch continued as the Institutes dean, in 1937, Hutcheson succeeded Erskine as president of the two institutions, a job he held until 1945. In 1946, the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School completely merged to form a single institution, the president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Schuman established the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946 and the Dance Division in 1951, William Schuman graduated from Columbias Teachers College and attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932,1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in counterpoint. L&M was Schumans reaction against more formal theory and ear training, the general mandate was to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music. The quality and degree of each students education in harmony, music history or ear training was dependent on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate, William Schuman resigned as president of Juilliard after being elected president of Lincoln Center in 1962. Peter Mennin, another composer with experience at the Peabody Conservatory, was elected as his successor. Mennin made significant changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, in 1968, Mennin hired John Houseman to manage a new Drama Division, and in 1969 oversaw Juilliards relocation from Claremont Avenue to Lincoln Center. Polisis many accomplishments include philanthropic successes, broadening of the curriculum, in 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in 2006, Juilliard received a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist Bruce Kovner. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations,2, and manuscripts of Brahmss Symphony No.2 and Piano Concerto No.2
Juilliard School
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Alice Tully Hall in the Juilliard School building
Juilliard School
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The Juilliard School
Juilliard School
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Morse Hall, one of the performing spaces inside the Juilliard School
7.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
Miami
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From top, left to right: Skyline of
Downtown,
Freedom Tower,
Villa Vizcaya,
Miami Tower,
Virginia Key Beach,
Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts,
AmericanAirlines Arena,
PortMiami, the Moon over Miami
Miami
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The
Freedom Tower of 1925 is Miami's historical
landmark.
Miami
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Approximately 400 men voted for Miami's incorporation in 1896 in the building to the left.
Miami
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The mouth of the
Miami River at
Brickell Key
8.
Guatemalan Americans
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Guatemalan Americans are Americans of full or partial Guatemalan descent. The Guatemalan American population at the 2010 Census was 1,044,209, Guatemalans are the fifth largest Latino group in the United States and the second largest Central American population after Salvadorans. Half of the Guatemalan population is situated in two parts of the country, the Northeast and Southern California, Guatemalans have emigrated to the USA since the 1930s and 1940s. Along with other Central Americans they first arrived by way of Mexico and settled in areas like Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Houston, New York City. Guatemalan refugees became an important political and economic influence on seeking an end to the civil war, during the Guatemalan civil war, there was massive destruction of rural villages and farmlands. In the 1996 peace accords, there was an exchange of civilian land to favor the rise of corporate agribusinesses with the drop of prices of local agricultural products. This heavily affected farm workers and inhabitants of the countryside and they had to immigrate into the US through Mexican territory, Guatemalan Americans are a very culturally diverse group of people, included about 23 distinct ethnic groups, whose languages are different, although maintain unique cultural traditions. The groups are, in majority, Mayan, the Ladino are a different group that speak Spanish language and have the Spanish culture. So, Guatemalan Americans are a multicultural community and this reason is why the assimilation processes, traditional beliefs, and customs vary differently between groups. Immigrant Mayan American communities have preserved their ethnic customs, the Guatemalans of European descent often mixed with other U. S. Hispanic groups. However, it is unknown the transmission of cultural traditions Guatemalans of immigrants to their descendants by lack of studies, some Guatemalan traditions are the celebration of Quinceñeros, the formation of soccer leagues, and the Organization de las Fiestas de la Patronal. The difference with Guatemalans in the US from other Latinos is that a percentage of Guatemalans are Evangelical Protestants. Guatemala had seen a rise of Protestant and Evangelist churches in the late 20th century, according to the national census in 2006, Protestants constituted about 30% of the population in Guatemala, the majority are from rural indigenous communities. Guatemalan-Americans are a contributor to the rise of Hispanic Protestants in the USA during the 2000s, half of the Guatemalan population is situated in two parts of the country, the Northeast and Southern California. A combined population of 267,335 resides in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, the Northeast megalopolis, extending from Northern Virginia to north of Boston is home to a population of 257,729 Guatemalans. Luis Beza – American trumpet player for third-wave ska band Suburban Legends, David Campos – Guatemalan-American attorney and member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 9. David Estrada – He is of Guatemalan descent, Francisco Goldman – American novelist, journalist, and Allen K. Smith Professor of Literature and Creative Writing. He is son of a Guatemalan Catholic mother and Jewish-American father, oscar Isaac – Guatemalan born American raised actor and singer
Guatemalan Americans
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Luis von Ahn
Guatemalan Americans
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Héctor Tobar
Guatemalan Americans
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David Campos
Guatemalan Americans
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Ryan Spilborghs
9.
Inside Llewyn Davis
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Inside Llewyn Davis /ˈluː. ɪn deɪvɪs/ is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written, directed, produced, and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen. Set in 1961, the film one week in the life of Llewyn Davis, played by Oscar Isaac. It co-stars Carey Mulligan, John Goodman, Garrett Hedlund, F. Murray Abraham, although Davis is a fictional character, the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk. Most of the songs performed in the film are sung in full. T Bone Burnett was the music producer. The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, the film received a limited release in the United States on December 6,2013, and was given a wide release on January 10,2014. Inside Llewyn Davis has been acclaimed, and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll. In February 1961, Llewyn Davis is a folk singer in New York Citys Greenwich Village. His musical partner, Mike Timlin, has died by suicide, his recent solo album Inside Llewyn Davis is not selling, he has no money and is sleeping on the couches of friends and acquaintances. Llewyn wakes up in the apartment of two of his older and wealthier friends, the Gorfeins, when he leaves, the Gorfeins cat escapes and Llewyn is locked out. Llewyn takes the cat to the apartment of Jim and Jean Berkey, Jean reluctantly agrees to let Llewyn stay that night. Jean tells Llewyn she is pregnant, the next morning, the Gorfeins cat escapes again. Later Jean, fearing that Llewyn may be the father, asks him to pay for an abortion, Llewyn visits his sister in the hope of borrowing money but realizes it wont be possible. Their conversation makes it clear that they are living in different worlds and she mentions that he should look into going back to the Merchant Marine if the music business isnt working out. On Jims invitation, Llewyn, as part of the John Glenn Singers, records a novelty song with Jim, needing money immediately, Llewyn agrees to $200 with no royalties. While talking to Jean at a café, Llewyn spots what he believes to be the Gorfeins cat, asked to play after dinner, he reluctantly performs Fare Thee Well, a song he had recorded with Mike. When Mrs. Gorfein starts to sing Mikes harmony, Llewyn becomes angry, Mrs. Gorfein leaves the table crying, then returns with the cat, having realized that it is not theirs. Llewyn rides with two musicians driving to Chicago, the beat poet Johnny Five and the odious jazz musician Roland Turner
Inside Llewyn Davis
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Theatrical release poster
10.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
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The Golden Globe statuette
11.
A Most Violent Year
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A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. The film stars Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain with Alessandro Nivola, David Oyelowo, Albert Brooks, and Catalina Sandino Moreno. The protagonist is Abel Morales, the owner of a small company who is stressed by the competitiveness in the oil trade. When his truck drivers start getting hijacked, there is increased pressure for his drivers to arm themselves, the film premiered as the opening film of the AFI Fest on November 6,2014 and it was released theatrically on December 31,2014. It garnered positive reviews, and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Film, in 1981 New York, Abel Morales is the owner of an up-and-coming company which has suffered the hijacking of several trucks, each carrying heating-oil worth thousands of dollars. One driver, Julian, is beaten when his oil truck is hijacked by two unknown assailants. Abels wife, Anna Morales, beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence and this will allow Morales company to directly import fuel oil from barges and to store far more oil in the summertime when fuel oil prices are lower. After moving into a new home, Morales prevents what appears to be an attempted burglary, suspecting this intimidation is coming from his competitors, he begins to confront them one by one, each one denies any intimidation and theft to drive him out of business. The head of the Teamsters encourages Morales to arm his drivers with handguns, returning to work after weeks of rehabilitation, Julian is again accosted by criminals, this time on the Queensboro Bridge in broad daylight. He manages to scrounge up another $200,000 by taking out a loan against an apartment building that he. With time winding down quickly, he intercepts a radio call for help one of his drivers. Being nearby, he pursues the stolen truck, eventually catching up to and attacking one of the hijackers, Morales demands to know who the mastermind is. The hijacker denies he was hired by anyone but reveals that he sold his last stolen shipment in Far Rockaway, Morales confronts one of his competitors, who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to alert the federal authorities as the stolen fuel is marked. The competitor agrees to pay Morales more than $200,000 for stolen fuel oil, as Morales is getting closer to his $1.5 million goal, he visits mafia-affiliated Peter Forente to ask for another $600,000. Forente agrees to give Morales the loan, but on very unfavorable terms, having the money he now needs, Morales and Walsh pay off his creditors and secure the terminal. Despondent by his being a man, Julian commits suicide in front of Abel, Anna. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that new fuel oil terminal will propel Morales business. Lawrence then suggests that Morales might be able to him with his higher aspirations
A Most Violent Year
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Theatrical release poster
12.
Ex Machina (film)
–
Ex Machina is a 2015 independent science fiction psychological thriller film written and directed by Alex Garland and stars Domhnall Gleeson, Oscar Isaac and Alicia Vikander. The film follows a programmer who is invited by his CEO to administer the Turing test to an intelligent humanoid robot, made on a budget of $15 million, the film grossed $36 million worldwide and received critical acclaim. The film was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. Programmer Caleb Smith wins a one-week visit to the luxurious, isolated home of Nathan Bateman, the only other person there is Nathans servant Kyoko, who, according to Nathan, does not speak English. Nathan has built a robot named Ava with artificial intelligence. Ava has a body but a human-looking face, and is confined to her apartment. During their talks, Caleb grows close to her, and she expresses a romantic interest in him and she can trigger power outages that temporarily shut down the surveillance system which Nathan uses to monitor their interactions, allowing them to speak privately. The power outages also trigger the buildings security system, locking all the doors, during one outage, Ava tells Caleb that Nathan is a liar who cannot be trusted. Caleb grows uncomfortable with Nathans narcissism, excessive drinking, and crude behaviour towards Kyoko and he learns that Nathan intends to upgrade Ava, killing her current personality in the process. Caleb encourages Nathan to drink until he passes out, then steals his security card to access his room, after he alters some of Nathans code, he discovers footage of Nathan interacting with previous android models in disturbing ways, and learns that Kyoko is also an android. Suspicious that he may also be an android, Caleb cuts his arm open to examine his flesh, at their next meeting, Ava cuts the power. Caleb explains what Nathan is going to do and Ava begs him to help her and they form a plan, Caleb will get Nathan drunk again and reprogram the security system to open the doors in a power failure instead of locking them. When Ava cuts the power, she and Caleb will leave together, Nathan reveals to Caleb that he has been observing Caleb and Avas secret conversations with a battery-powered camera. Caleb reveals that he knew Nathan was watching them, and modified the security system when Nathan was passed out the previous day, after seeing Ava leave her confinement, Nathan knocks Caleb unconscious and rushes to stop her. With help from Kyoko, Ava kills Nathan, but in the process Nathan destroys Kyoko, Ava repairs herself with parts from earlier androids, using their artificial skin to take on the full appearance of a human woman. She leaves Caleb trapped inside the facility, ignoring his screams, Alicia Vikander as Ava Domhnall Gleeson as Caleb Smith Oscar Isaac as Nathan Bateman Sonoya Mizuno as Kyoko Symara A. His later ideas came from years of discussions he had been having with a friend with an expertise in neuroscience, trying to find an answer on his own he started reading books on the topic. During the pre-production of Dredd, while going through a book by Murray Shanahan about consciousness and embodiment, the idea was written down and put aside till later
Ex Machina (film)
–
British release poster
13.
Saint Joseph
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Christian tradition places Joseph as Jesus foster father. Some historians state that Joseph was Jesus father, some differing views are due to theological interpretations versus historical views. In both Catholic and Protestant traditions, Joseph is regarded as the saint of workers and is associated with various feast days. In popular piety, Joseph is regarded as a model for fathers and has also become patron of various dioceses and places, several notable images of Saint Joseph have been granted a Canonical coronation by a Pope. In popular religious iconography he is associated with lilies or a spikenard, with the present-day growth of Mariology, the theological field of Josephology has also grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed. According to the New Testament, Joseph was the father of James, Joses, Judas, Simon, the Pauline epistles make no reference to Jesus father, nor does the Gospel of Mark. The first appearance of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew, consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. Some scholars, such as Harry A. Ironside reconcile the genealogies by viewing the Solomonic lineage in Matthew as Josephs major royal line, the epistles of Paul are generally regarded as the oldest extant Christian writings. These mention Jesus mother, but do not refer to his father, the Book of Mark, the first gospel to be written, with a date about two decades after Paul, also does not mention Jesus father. Joseph first appears in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, both dating from around 80-90 AD, the issue of reconciling the two accounts has been the subject of debate. In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary, once Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return, but to avoid Herods son he takes his wife and the child to Nazareth in Galilee and settles there. In Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus is born in Bethlehem because Joseph, lukes account makes no mention of angels and dreams, the Massacre of the Innocents, or of a visit to Egypt. The last time Joseph appears in person in any Gospel is in the story of the Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years old, no mention is made of him thereafter. The story emphasizes Jesus awareness of his mission, here Jesus speaks to his parents of my father, meaning God. Christian tradition represents Mary as a widow during the ministry of her son. Joseph is not mentioned as being present at the Wedding at Cana at the beginning of Jesus mission, nor at the Passion at the end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion, he would under Jewish custom have been expected to charge of Jesus body. Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her husband had been alive, in Mark 6,3, they call Jesus Marys son instead of naming his father
Saint Joseph
–
Saint Joseph with the Infant Jesus,
Guido Reni (c. 1635)
Saint Joseph
–
A series of articles on
Saint Joseph
–
Holy Family with the
Holy Spirit by
Murillo, 1675-1682.
Saint Joseph
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St. Joseph the Carpenter, by
Georges de La Tour, 1640s.
14.
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
Mary, also known by various titles, styles and honorifics, was a 1st-century Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran. The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin, the miraculous birth took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony. She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born, the Gospel of Luke begins its account of Marys life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to canonical gospel accounts, Mary was present at the crucifixion and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to the Catholic and Orthodox teaching, at the end of her life her body was assumed directly into Heaven. Mary has been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion and she is claimed to have miraculously appeared to believers many times over the centuries. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches believe that Mary, there is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas, namely her status as the Mother of God, her Immaculate Conception, her perpetual virginity, many Protestants minimize Marys role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary also has a position in Islam, where one of the longer chapters of the Quran is devoted to her. Marys name in the manuscripts of the New Testament was based on her original Aramaic name ܡܪܝܡ. The English name Mary comes from the Greek Μαρία, which is a form of Μαριάμ. Both Μαρία and Μαριάμ appear in the New Testament, in Christianity, Mary is commonly referred to as the Virgin Mary, in accordance with the belief that she conceived Jesus miraculously through the Holy Spirit without her husbands involvement. The three main titles for Mary used by the Orthodox are Theotokos, Aeiparthenos as confirmed in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, Catholics use a wide variety of titles for Mary, and these titles have in turn given rise to many artistic depictions. For example, the title Our Lady of Sorrows has inspired such masterpieces as Michelangelos Pietà, the title Theotokos was recognized at the Council of Ephesus in 431. However, this phrase in Greek, in the abbreviated form ΜΡ ΘΥ, is an indication commonly attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God, some Marian titles have a direct scriptural basis. For instance, the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, the scriptural basis for the term Queen can be seen in Luke 1,32 and the Isaiah 9,6. Queen Mother can be found in 1 Kings 2, 19-20 and Jeremiah 13, other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
Our Lady of Vladimir, one of the medieval representations of the
Theotokos
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
Virgin and Child with angels and Sts. George and Theodore. Icon from around 600, from
Saint Catherine's Monastery.
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
The
Annunciation by
Eustache Le Sueur, an example of 17th-century
Marian art. The
Angel Gabriel announces to Mary her pregnancy with Jesus and offers her
White Lilies.
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
The Virgin's first seven steps, mosaic from
Chora Church, c. 12th century
15.
The Nativity Story
–
The Nativity Story is a 2006 biblical drama film based on the nativity of Jesus, directed by Catherine Hardwicke and starring Keisha Castle-Hughes and Oscar Isaac. The film was released on December 1,2006 after it premiered in Vatican City November 27,2006, the Nativity Story was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City. The plot begins with the portrayal of the Massacre of the Innocents in the Nativity, the remainder of the movie portrays the annunciation and birth of Jesus Christ to explain why King Herod the Great ordered the murder. He states that he is too old, and is told by Gabriel that he will be unable to speak until the boy is born. Mary is then, betrothed to marry Joseph of Judaea, is visited by the Angel Gabriel and told that she become pregnant with Gods son. He then tells that her God has blessed her cousin Elizabeth with a child despite her old age. Mary returns from the pregnant, to the shock of Joseph and her parents, who fear that Joseph will accuse her of fornication. At first Joseph does not believe Marys explanation that she was visited by the angel Gabriel, although he is still shocked and angry, Joseph is later visited in a dream by the Angel Gabriel, who tells him of Gods plan for Marys son. Joseph then believes Mary, and is ashamed for his earlier doubts, meanwhile, Caesar Augustus, the Roman emperor, has demanded that every man and his family across the Roman Empire must return to his place of birth for the census. As a direct descendant of King David, Joseph is forced to travel 110 kilometers across Palestines rocky terrain from Nazareth to Bethlehem, with Mary on a donkey laden with supplies, the couple took nearly four weeks to reach Bethlehem. Upon arriving in town, Mary goes into labour, and Joseph frantically seeks a place for her to deliver, there is, however, no room in any inn or home partly because of the census, but at the last minute an innkeeper offers his stable for shelter. Meanwhile, three Magi named Gaspar, Melchior and Balthasar, travel towards Judaea after having discovered that three planets will align to form a great star. This Star of Bethlehem appears before the Magi, after a visit by the Angel Gabriel, the Magi visit King Herod the Great and reveal to him that the Messiah is still a child and he will be a Messiah for the lowest of men to the highest of kings. Shocked by this, Herod asks that they visit the newborn Messiah and report the location back to him, under the pretence that he, too. Later, the Magi arrive at the stable in which Mary is giving birth to Jesus, and they present the Infant with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. After having been warned by the Angel in a dream, the Magi avoid Herod, King Herod realises that the Magi have tricked him, and carries out his plan of killing every boy in Bethlehem under the age of two. At the end of the movie, Joseph, Mary, and Jesus return, other scenes were shot in Craco, a ghost town in the Italian region of Basilicata, and Cinecittà, Rome. The Nativity Story opened to a modest first weekend at the box office by grossing $7.8 million
The Nativity Story
–
Theatrical release poster
16.
Balibo (film)
–
While historically accurate, the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe, an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed. Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta, who would receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor. Filming began on 30 June 2008, in Dili, East Timor, and it was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director, David Williamson as screenwriter, and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant. LaPaglia, also an Executive Producer, named East as probably the best role Ive ever had, the story is seen through the eyes of veteran journalist Roger East. Initially refusing to become involved, East changes his tune after Ramos-Horta shows him photos of five Australian TV reporters missing in the town of Balibo. Vignettes then show Greg Shackleton, Gary Cunningham, Malcolm Rennie, Brian Peters and Tony Stewart, all under 30, saying goodbye to loved ones and setting out on their assignments a month earlier. Shooting in Dili began on 31 July 2008, with United Nations police closing off roads, gritty 16mm-to-35mm visuals shot at the actual locations where the events took place give a documentary-style texture. The films version of events was validated by an Australian coroner in 2007, after a fresh review of the evidence, the coroner ruled that the journalists were executed as they tried to surrender to Indonesian forces. The filmmakers hope that Balibo will spur the Australian government into action, almost 18 months on, it has not responded to the coroners findings - a reticence which may stem from its fear of upsetting diplomatic relations with Jakarta. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 100% based on 11 reviews, Balibo received its world premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival on 24 July 2009 at Melbournes Hamer Hall. The then President of East Timor, José Ramos-Horta was in attendance, on changes over recent years in Indonesia Ramos-Horta said It is better. Indonesian democracy today is one of the most inspiring in the south-east Asia region, also in attendance were the families of the Balibo Five. Relatives of Tony Stewart held aloft a banner bearing his name which had been embroidered by East Timorese women. Maureen Tolfree, sister of Brian Peters, said she hoped many Australians would see the film, screen Internationals Frank Hatherley opined, Shot on location with loving attention to period detail, the films take on these long-buried events is convincing. Connollys three strands are woven together, coming to twin climaxes where terror and cruelty overwhelm everyone. These ‘killing field scenes are not for the squeamish, the Monthlys Luke Davies wrote, Jill Jollifes book. Argues that the Australian government has always known the circumstances of the newsmens deaths. Connolly doesnt try to answer questions, but rather lets them echo in the film
Balibo (film)
–
Theatrical film poster
17.
X-wing
–
The X-wing fighter is a fictional starfighter from the original Star Wars trilogy and the Star Wars expanded universe. They are depicted as the interceptor and dogfighter of the Rebel Alliance. The craft has been merchandised as a variety of toys, models licensed for use in games, novels, industrial Light & Magics Joe Johnston sketched and Colin Cantwell built models that eventually became the final X-wing fighter in Star Wars. The X-wings were designed to more traditional than the Empires TIE fighters. ILM built miniatures in various scales, with wing markings indicating which prop represented which pilot, when ILM fell behind on generating X-wing footage, Star Wars producer George Lucas and his editors temporarily used World War II dogfight footage for initial editing cuts. Each X-wing model was built around a core made from surgical tubing, which allowed lighting, cooling. The cockpit windows were made from faceted glass so that accurate reflections could be filmed, the production crew also made a full-size X-wing cockpit that was used for all actors, the astromech droid visible behind each actor was changed for each starfighter. Background noise pitch and tone also varied between X-wings to further differentiate the characters piloting them. The lake in which Luke Skywalker crashes his X-wing in The Empire Strikes Back was only 3.5 feet deep, requiring the creation of a rig resembling the starfighter sitting in the lake at an angle. The rig was built in hinged sections so it could be manipulated by frogmen to sink or rise and this resulted in numerous parts of space battle scenes being re-shot as digital animations for the original trilogys Special Edition releases. The ARC-170 starfighter seen in Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is the ancestor of the X-wing and is reminiscent of the X-wings design. The expanded universe states that Incom Corporation designers defected to the Rebel Alliance, one design of the Z-95 Headhunter is based on an initial Johnston X-wing sketch, the Z-95 has since been described as an X-wing precursor. The fighter has two modes, one in which the wings are flat and another when they are expanded into attack position. S-foil servomotors control the transition between the two, hence the expression to lock s-foils in attack position, lacking an on-board navigation computer, they rely on an astromech droid to calculate hyperspace jumps. The presence of a hyperdrive and deflector shields differentiate the X-wing from the Empires TIE fighters, emphasizing the importance the Rebels place on pilots surviving their missions. Kenner Toys produced an X-wing toy as a complement to its action figure line in 1978, the s-foils were activated by depressing the molded astromech droid. In 1982, a version was released using the same mold but with damage stickers, a grey fuselage, blackened engine inlets. In countries outside the U. S. the electronics were removed, kenner also produced a die-cast 1,72 miniature X-wing in 1978 and a smaller scaled version with battle damage crash feature for the short lived Micro Collection line in 1982
X-wing
–
X-wing fighters in
A New Hope (1997 Special Edition).
Y-wings are visible at the center right.
X-wing
–
X-wings with their s-foils locked in attack position as they assault the
Death Star in A New Hope (1997 Special Edition)
18.
Poe Dameron
–
Poe Dameron is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars, The Force Awakens and he is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising as well as an eponymous comic book series, and will appear in the films forthcoming sequel, Star Wars, The Last Jedi. Isaac and the character have received positive reviews, with Poe being compared to the characterization of Han Solo in the original Star Wars film trilogy. During the development phase of The Force Awakens, the character was referred to as John Doe and was first intended to be a Jedi. Isaacs casting in the film was first announced on April 29,2014 and his character was first seen in the 88-second The Force Awakens teaser trailer released by Lucasfilm on November 28,2014, piloting an X-wing fighter. The name Poe Dameron was revealed by Entertainment Weekly in a Lucasfilm-designed Topps-style trading card mockup in December 2014, the character was one of those featured in a May 2015 Vanity Fair photo shoot by Annie Leibovitz. He was named after The Force Awakens writer/director J. J. Abrams assistant Morgan Dameron, the film has received praise for its diverse casting, including Isaac, who is Guatemalan-American. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that giving starring roles to a man, a white woman. Targeted at Spanish-speaking viewers, an action-oriented Univision TV spot heavily featuring Poe included an introduction by Isaac in Spanish, after an initial release of promotional character posters in November 2015, a poster featuring Isaacs Poe was released the following month. In The Force Awakens, Poe is a skilled X-wing fighter pilot for the Resistance, the son of a rebel fighter pilot and a rebel commando, he is a commander in the Resistance’s Starfighter Corps and one of Leia Organas most-trusted operatives who is headstrong and can fly anything. Isaac described Poe as the best freaking pilot in the galaxy, hes been sent on a mission by a certain princess, and he ends up coming up across, and their fates are forever intertwined. Natalie Zutter and Chris Lough of Tor. com wrote, Poe is that rare creature who knows exactly what he wants to do with his life, Isaac said of the character, Poe’s the kind of guy you want in the trenches with you. He’s straightforward, he’s honest, hes incredibly loyal and he’s got some swagger to him, katy Waldman wrote for Slate, This is Poe Dameron, star pilot, heartthrob, wiseass, ace leather jacket–bestower, Finn’s OTP. When he grins up at, all rakish charm and derring-do, comic book writer Charles Soule, creator of the 2015 Marvel Comics series Star Wars, Poe Dameron, said of the character, I think its his charisma that really defines him, for me. Poe Dameron is one charming fellow, weve seen great pilots before, and great warriors, but his ability to lead and inspire feels pretty fresh to me, as is his somewhat snappy roguishness. Poe Dameron is the star pilot of General Leia Organas Resistance fleet. He is sent by Leia on a mission to the planet Jakku to retrieve part of a map that lead to the location of her brother. Before Poe can leave with the map, the First Order attacks, the pilot has entrusted the map to BB-8, who flees into the desert as Kylo Ren tortures Poe in search of the map
Poe Dameron
–
Theatrical release poster
Poe Dameron
–
(L-R) Producer
Kathleen Kennedy, writer and director
J. J. Abrams and writer
Lawrence Kasdan speaking at the 2015
San Diego Comic-Con International
Poe Dameron
–
The cast of Star Wars: The Force Awakens at the 2015 San Diego Comic Con International (L–R:
John Boyega,
Daisy Ridley,
Oscar Isaac,
Adam Driver,
Domhnall Gleeson,
Gwendoline Christie,
Carrie Fisher,
Mark Hamill and
Harrison Ford)
Poe Dameron
–
Skellig Michael in Ireland (top) and former
RAF Greenham Common in England served as filming locations.
19.
X-Men: Apocalypse
–
X-Men is an American media franchise of 21st Century Fox that is centered on a series of superhero films, produced by 20th Century Fox. The franchise is based on the fictional X-Men characters, who appeared in a series of comic books created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby. A prequel, X-Men, First Class, was released in 2011, followed by X-Men, Days of Future Past in 2014, Deadpool was also released in 2016 and became the highest-grossing film of the series, as well as the highest-grossing worldwide R-rated film of all time. The film series is the seventh-highest-grossing, having earned over US$4.9 billion worldwide, X-Men, X2, X-Men, First Class, X-Men, Days of Future Past and the spin-offs The Wolverine, Deadpool and Logan were all met with positive reviews. X-Men and X2 were particularly lauded by critics for their dark, realistic tones and subtexts dealing with discrimination, X-Men, The Last Stand and X-Men, Apocalypse were met with mixed reviews, while X-Men Origins, Wolverine received negative reviews from critics. Since 2000, the series has expanded to include comic books, videogames, live action television series. Hugh Jackman has appeared in films in the series than any other actor. The film introduces Wolverine and Rogue into the conflict between Professor Xaviers X-Men and the Brotherhood of Mutants, led by Magneto, in 1994, 20th Century Fox and producer Lauren Shuler Donner bought the film rights to the X-Men. Andrew Kevin Walker was hired to write, and James Cameron expressed interest in producing, eventually, Bryan Singer signed on to direct in July 1996. Although he was not a comic fan, Singer was fascinated by the analogies of prejudice. John Logan, Joss Whedon, Ed Solomon, Christopher McQuarrie, principal photography began in September 1999 in Toronto, Canada, and ended in March 2000. The film was released on July 14,2000, in the film, Colonel William Stryker brainwashes and questions the imprisoned Magneto about Professor Xaviers mutant-locating machine, Cerebro. Stryker attacks the X-Mansion and brainwashes Xavier into locating every mutant on the planet to kill them, the X-Men must team up with the Brotherhood to prevent Strykers worldwide genocide. Hayter and Zak Penn were hired to write their own scripts for the sequel, Michael Dougherty and Dan Harris were hired to re-write the script in February 2002, writing around 26 drafts and 150 on set. Principal photography began in June 2002 in Vancouver, Canada, the film was released on May 2,2003. In the film, a company has developed a suppressor of the mutant gene. Magneto declares war on the humans and retrieves his own weapon, Phoenix, a final battle between the X-Men and the Brotherhood ensues, and Wolverine must accept that in order to stop Grey, he will have to kill her. Singer initially intended to shoot the film back-to-back with a fourth film, Penn and Simon Kinberg were hired the following month
X-Men: Apocalypse
–
Cover of X-Men: The Cerebro Collection, the 2014
Blu-ray box set of the first seven films
X-Men: Apocalypse
20.
Apocalypse (comics)
–
Apocalypse is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the very first mutant, and was originally a principal villain for the original X-Factor team and now for the X-Men. Created by writer Louise Simonson and artist Jackson Guice, Apocalypse first appeared in X-Factor #5, since his introduction, the character has appeared in a number of X-Men titles, including spin-offs and several limited series. Apocalypse has also featured in various forms of media. In 2016, Oscar Isaac portrayed the villain in the film X-Men and he is ranked #24 in IGNs 100 Greatest Comic Book Villains of All Time. While writing the first five issues of X-Factor, Bob Layton dropped hints of a villain operating behind the scenes, Layton intended to reveal this character to be the Daredevil villain Owl on the final page of X-Factor #5. However, editor Bob Harras wanted a new villain to be introduced instead, Layton was removed from the book and replaced by writer Louise Simonson who imagined the character of Apocalypse and had artist Jackson Guice design him. The final page of X-Factor #5 then revealed Apocalypse as master of the Alliance of Evil, Louise is a terrific writer, however, so I assume she wanted to implement her own ideas wherever she could. I do vaguely recall her telling me the broad strokes for Apocalypse extremely early on in our discussions and she always intended for him to be a true heavyweight contender as a villain—all of which bore out. Bob Harras claimed that the character arose because of storytelling needs, All I had communicated to Louise was my desire that an A-level, I wanted a Magneto-level villain who would up the stakes and give the X-Factor team reason to exist. Harras also commented, As soon as I saw the sketch by Walter and heard Louises take on him, Jackson redrew the page, patching in the shadowy Apocalypse where the Owl had been. But the genesis was clearly Walt and Weezies, Louise Simonson and Jackson Guice created him. He appeared in a few panels at the end of one of Jackson’s last X-FACTORs, and I kind of juiced up his physique a bit. I dont believe there was even a character sketch done for him at that point—I planned on making sense of it all later on, Bob Harras said on the character of Apocalypse, He looked fantastic. It tells you right off this character means trouble, and he came with a clear-cut agenda, survival of the fittest. He didnt care if you were a mutant—if you were weak and he was merciless, but his philosophy was easy to grasp and it fit in with the harder edge of evolution which is part and parcel of the mutant story. Isnt that what humans fear about mutants and that they are the next step. Now, we had given mutants something new to fear, a character who would judge them on their genetic worthiness, to his own mind he wasnt evil, he believed he was doing the right thing
Apocalypse (comics)
–
En Sabah Nur as featured on the cover of Rise of Apocalypse #1. Pencils by
Adam Pollina.
Apocalypse (comics)
–
Apocalypse as depicted in X-Force/Cable: Messiah War #1 (May 2009). Art by
Dave Wilkins.
Apocalypse (comics)
–
Apocalypse merges with Cyclops in X-Men vol. 2, #97 (February 2000). Art by
Alan Davis and
Mark Farmer.
Apocalypse (comics)
–
X-Men vol. 2, #182 (April 2006). Cover art by
Salvador Larroca.
21.
HBO
–
Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
HBO
–
The RCA Satcom domestic communication satellite launched on December 13, 1975, spurred the
cable television industry to unprecedented heights – with the assistance of HBO.
HBO
–
Filmmaker
Alexandra Pelosi and former
New Jersey Governor Jim McGreevey at the New York City premiere of Pelosi's HBO documentary about McGreevey,
Fall to Grace, in March 2013.
HBO
–
Example of Festival's monthly guide provided to subscribers (January 1988).
22.
Show Me a Hero
–
The miniseries was written by David Simon and journalist William F. Zorzi, whom Simon worked with at The Baltimore Sun and on The Wire. It was directed by Paul Haggis, six episodes were ordered by HBO and the miniseries premiered on August 16,2015. Martinelli, a six-term Mayor of Yonkers who is Wasicskos opponent in the election to be mayor of Yonkers Alfred Molina as Henry J. Federal judge Leonard B, the case and resulting politics resulted in national focus on issues of race, class, and housing. Wasicsko faced a hostile city council and entrenched public housing leaders opposed to the desegregation, basic services stopped and parks and libraries were shuttered, with government workers potentially facing mandatory lay-offs. There were protests and Wasicsko and others received death threats, including the sending of single bullets in the mail, the suit was finally settled in May 2007. The Housing Education Relocation Enterprise was an organization that supported the tenants moving into the scattered-site public housing. Wasicskos wife, Nay Wasicsko-McLaughlin, who worked at City Hall during the time of the conflict, was a consultant on the show, Wasicsko-McLaughlin met with Isaac, which Isaac said was vital to the story. In the United States, HBO broadcast the miniseries in 2-hour blocks on consecutive Sunday nights, Simon said that Gail Mutrux, a producer Simon knew from working with her on Homicide, had sent him a copy of Belkins book. In 2001, Simon sent Zorzi, who at time was assistant city editor at The Baltimore Sun, a copy of the book. In 2002, Zorzi quit his job at The Sun and began working on this miniseries, the story was in development for over a decade, with co-writer Zorzi working on the passion project during that time, even as he and Simon were working on The Wire. HBO had an option on the book, but it spent years in script re-writes with Zorzi as Simon, Simon says that Mayor Nick Wasicskos story is what drives the narrative, and that if the characters arc wasnt right, the series would fail. Simon calls Isaac the key to making it work, Yonkers was the very public staging ground. Director Paul Haggis states that when he heard about Simons project, he told his agents to agree his participation, once he had read it, he asked to direct not one or two episodes, as requested, but the entire series. This was the first time that Haggis, who typically both writes and directs his pieces, didnt write the material himself and he said he did this because it was so important to him to work with Simon. The miniseries began shooting on October 1,2014, and wrapped shooting on location January 25,2015, the high concentration was the result of years of concentrated 40+ year old racial covenants prohibiting non-whites from living east of the Parkway. Another Yonkers location was The Grinton I, will branch of the Yonkers Public Library, where scenes of town gatherings were shot. The Cottage Place Gardens was used to substitute for the garden-style Mulford Gardens public housing project, the show also shot at the Yonkers City Hall, in the Yonkers City Council Chambers where actual events took place. Additionally, Haggis said that Mary Dormans house was the actual location, additional Yonkers locations used were The Department of Buildings at 87 Nepperhan Avenue and Oakland Cemetery
Show Me a Hero
–
Show Me a Hero
23.
Nick Wasicsko
–
Wasicsko was an American politician from New York and the youngest-ever mayor of Yonkers, New York. As mayor he fought for the desegregation of public housing, Wasicsko was born May 13,1959, in Yonkers, to Nicholas and Anne Slota Wasicsko. Wasicsko attended public schools in Yonkers and he graduated from Gorton High School in Yonkers in 1977. Wasicsko graduated from Manhattan College in 1981 with a degree in government, in 1986 and 1987 he served as 7th Ward councilman while simultaneously attending New York Law School, from which he was graduated in 1987, the same year he was elected mayor. He was admitted to the bar in New York and Connecticut, Wasicsko won by a margin of 1,466 votes of the 42,700 cast. The major issue in the 1987 election was the integration of public housing in Yonkers. As a candidate, Wasicsko advocated for resisting the integration by legal appeals. Martinelli and Wasicsko had not taken dramatically opposite positions on the integration dispute, mayor Martinelli had become identified with much of the emotion surrounding the issue, contributing to his loss. As mayor, Wasicsko changed his position when the lawyers told him that the case was hopeless. He did so not because he thought it was right, but because he had no choice, after his death, his executive aide at the time said that He wasnt pro-desegregation, he was pro-compliance. Wasicsko waged a battle to set in motion a housing desegregation plan for the city. On September 9,1988, with the mounting, city services being curtailed, and 630 city employees about to be laid off, the city council relented. As a result of the controversy, Wasicsko lost a bid for re-election as mayor in 1989, once out of office, Wasicsko practiced law, taught at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and hosted a local radio talk show. He returned to elected office in 1992 as 2nd District councilman and he was named Democratic minority leader. In 1993 he made an unsuccessful run for City Council President. Wasicsko was found dead of an apparent suicide at 5,20 p. m. on Friday, October 29,1993, at the age of 34. He was found sitting against a tree on a hill overlooking the grave of his father at Oakland Cemetery in Yonkers with a single gunshot wound in his head. As a former police officer he carried a. 38-caliber pistol, Wasicsko married Nay Noe, a former secretary, on May 18,1991, at St. Casimirs Church in Yonkers
Nick Wasicsko
–
Wasicsko in 1988
24.
Time (magazine)
–
Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
Time (magazine)
–
The first issue of Time (March 3, 1923), featuring
Speaker Joseph G. Cannon.
Time (magazine)
–
Bibi Aisha on the Cover of Time.
Time (magazine)
–
Time Magazine red X covers: from left to right, Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and Osama bin Laden.
25.
Time 100
–
Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
Time 100
–
Barack Obama
Time 100
–
Hillary Rodham Clinton 2014, 2012, 2011, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 & 2004 (Finalist in 2005)
Time 100
–
Angela Merkel 2014, 2012, 2011, 2009, 2007 & 2006 (Finalist in 2010, 2008)
Time 100
–
Steve Jobs 2010, 2008, 2007, 2005 & 2004 (Finalist in 2009)
26.
Vanity Fair (magazine)
–
Vanity Fair is a magazine of popular culture, fashion, and current affairs published by Condé Nast in the United States. The first version of Vanity Fair was published from 1913 to 1936, the imprint was revived in 1983, and came to include four European editions of the magazine. The current editor is Graydon Carter, Condé Montrose Nast began his empire by purchasing the mens fashion magazine Dress in 1913. He renamed the magazine Dress and Vanity Fair and published four issues in 1913 and it continued to thrive into the twenties. However, it became a casualty of the Great Depression and declining advertising revenues, although its circulation, Condé Nast announced in December 1935 that Vanity Fair would be folded into Vogue as of the March 1936 issue. Condé Nast Publications, under the ownership of S. I. Newhouse, the first issue was released in February 1983, edited by Richard Locke, formerly of The New York Times Book Review. After three issues, Locke was replaced by Leo Lerman, veteran features editor of Vogue and he was followed by editors Tina Brown and Graydon Carter. Regular writers columnists have included Dominick Dunne, Sebastian Junger, Michael Wolff, Maureen Orth and Christopher Hitchens. Amongst the most famous of these was the August 1991 Leibovitz cover featuring a naked, pregnant Demi Moore, in addition to its controversial photography, the magazine also prints articles on a variety of topics. In 1996, journalist Marie Brenner wrote an exposé on the tobacco industry titled The Man Who Knew Too Much, the article was later adapted into a movie The Insider, which starred Al Pacino and Russell Crowe. S. The magazine also features interviews with celebrities, including a monthly Proust Questionnaire. The magazine was the subject of Toby Youngs book, How to Lose Friends and Alienate People, about his search for success, from 1995, the book has been made into a movie, with Jeff Bridges playing Carter. There are currently five international editions of Vanity Fair being published, namely in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, the British Vanity Fair was first published in 1991. The Italian Vanity Fair was established in October 2003 and celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2013, Vanity Fair Germany launched in February 2007 at a cost of €50 million, then the most expensive new magazine in Germany in years and Condé Nasts biggest investment outside the United States. After circulation had plummeted from half a million to less than 200,000 per week, a French version started in June 2013. The Spanish version of the magazine was first published in Spain in 2008, in April 2015 Condé Nast México y Latinoamerica was to launch Vanity Fair Mexico. As a successor to a similar invitation-only event annually held by the late agent Irving Paul Lazar, during its first years, the magazines Oscar party was co-hosted by producer Steve Tisch at Mortons in West Hollywood. At first, editor Graydon Carter kept the invitation list small, between 2009 and 2013, the party was held at Sunset Tower
Vanity Fair (magazine)
–
Cover of the February 2012 issue of Vanity Fair
27.
Cubans
–
Cubans or Cuban people are the inhabitants or citizens of Cuba. Cuba is a nation, home to people of different ethnic. As a result, some Cubans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities, the majority of Cubans descend from Spaniards. The populations in the Spanish colonial era of Cuba, U. S occupation were, the largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba are to be found in Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín, Guantánamo, and Santa Clara. According to Cubas Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE2012 Census, the population was 11,167,325 including,5,570,825 men and 5,596,500 women, in the 2012 Census 64. 1% or 7,160,399 self-identified as white. The majority of the ancestry of European ancestry comes from Spain, during the 18th, 19th and early part of the 20th century especially, large waves of Canary Islanders, Galicians, Asturians and Catalans emigrated from Spain to Cuba. Other European nationalities which immigrated include, English, Scots, Russians, Poles, Portuguese, Romanians, Italians, Greeks, French, Germans and Irish. Central and Eastern European influence was mostly during the Cold War years and immigration from the British Isles was mostly in Pinar del Rio Province, there is a small remnant of a Jewish community. There is also significant ethnic influx from diverse Levantine peoples, especially Lebanese, Palestinians, in the 2012 Census 64. 1% or 7,160,399 self-identified as white. Afro-Cubans composed 9. 3% of the population in 2012, just over 1 million Cubans described themselves as Black, while 2.9 million considered themselves to be mulatto or mestizo. Thus a significant proportion of living on the island affirm some sub-Saharan African ancestry. Recently, many African immigrants have been coming to Cuba, especially from Angola, Cubans of East Asian origins made up 1. 02% of the population. They are mostly of Chinese, Japanese or Korean origins, the Chinese population in Cuba is descended mostly from indentured laborers who arrived in the 19th century to build railroads and work in mines. After the Industrial Revolution, many of these stayed in Cuba because they could not afford return passage to China. Of the Taínos the number of people claiming descent have not been formally recorded, most, however, live on the eastern part of the island. As a result, descendants of the Calusa, Tequesta, Timucua, the total population in the official 1953 Census was 5,829,029 people. Intermarriage between diverse groups is so general as to be the rule, Cubas birth rate is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. Immigration and emigration have had effects on the demographic profile of Cuba during the 20th century
Cubans
–
Young woman and man standing in the street of Central
Havana.
Cubans
–
Cuban man
Cubans
–
Students of the Escuela Lenin
Cubans
–
A monument to
Taíno chief
Hatuey, considered to be "Cuba's First National Hero."
28.
Pulmonology
–
Pulmonology is a medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. The term is derived from the Latin word pulmō, pulmōnis, pulmonology is synonymous with pneumology, respirology and respiratory medicine. Pulmonology is known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine in some countries, pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, and Australia the term respiratory physician is used to distinguish a physician that practices pulmonology. In Canada, respirology and respirologist are used, surgery of the respiratory tract is generally performed by specialists in cardiothoracic surgery, though minor procedures may be performed by pulmonologists. As mentioned above, pulmonology is closely related to critical care medicine when dealing with patients who require mechanical ventilation, as a result, many pulmonologists are certified to practice critical care medicine in addition to pulmonary medicine. There are fellowship programs that allow physicians to become certified in pulmonary. Interventional pulmonology is a new field within pulmonary medicine that deals with the use of procedures such as bronchoscopy to treat several pulmonary diseases. Interventional pulmonology is yet recognized as a specific medical specialty. Inspection of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, palpation of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement. Percussion of the fields for dullness or hyper-resonance. Auscultation of the fields for diminished or unusual breath sounds. Rales or rhonchi heard over lung fields with a stethoscope, as many heart diseases can give pulmonary signs, a thorough cardiac investigation is usually included. Sometimes arterial blood gas measurements are also required, spirometry the determination of maximum airflow at a given lung volume as measured by breathing into a dedicated machine, this is the key test to diagnose airflow obstruction. Pulmonologists often perform specialized procedures to get samples from the inside of the chest or inside of the lung and they use radiographic techniques to view vasculature of the lungs and heart to assist with diagnosis. Medication is the most important treatment of most diseases of pulmonology, a common example being the usage of inhalers in the treatment of inflammatory lung conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxygen therapy is necessary in severe respiratory disease
Pulmonology
–
Physician performing a
bronchoscopy.
Pulmonology
–
Schematic view of the human respiratory system with their parts and functions.
29.
Florida
–
Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
Florida
–
St. Augustine is the oldest city in the U.S., established in 1565 by Spain.
Florida
–
Flag
Florida
–
Aerial view of
Castillo De San Marcos (Florida).
Florida
–
The five flags of Florida from the right,
Spain (1565–1763), the
Kingdom of Great Britain, Spain (1784–1821), the
Confederacy, and the United States. France (flag not shown) also controlled part of Florida.
30.
Evangelicalism
–
Its origins are usually traced back to English Methodism, the Moravian Church, and German Lutheran Pietism. While all these phenomena contributed greatly, John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening, today, Evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches, as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones. The movement gained momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in the United Kingdom. The Americas, Africa, and Asia are home to the majority of Evangelicals, United States has the largest concentration of Evangelicals in the world, its community forms a quarter of the population, is politically important and based mostly in the Bible Belt. In the United Kingdom, Evangelicals are mostly represented in the Methodist Church, Baptist communities, Evangelicalism, a major part of popular Protestantism, is among the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world, alongside resurgent Islam. While on the rise globally, the world is particularly influenced by its spread. The first published use of evangelical in English came in 1531 when William Tyndale wrote He exhorteth them to proceed constantly in the evangelical truth. One year later Sir Thomas More produced the earliest recorded use in reference to a theological distinction when he spoke of Tyndale his evangelical brother Barns, during the Reformation, Protestant theologians embraced the label as referring to gospel truth. Martin Luther referred to the evangelische Kirche to distinguish Protestants from Catholics in the Roman Catholic Church, into the 21st century, evangelical has continued in use as a synonym for Protestant in continental Europe, and elsewhere. This usage is reflected in the names of Protestant denominations such as the Evangelical Church in Germany, the term may also occur outside any religious context to characterize a generic missionary, reforming, or redeeming impulse or purpose. For example, the Times Literary Supplement refers to the rise, one influential definition of Evangelicalism has been proposed by historian David Bebbington. Conversionism, or belief in the necessity of being again, has been a constant theme of Evangelicalism since its beginnings. To Evangelicals, the message of the gospel is justification by faith in Christ and repentance, or turning away. Conversion differentiates the Christian from the non-Christian, and the change in life it leads to is marked by both a rejection of sin and a corresponding personal holiness of life. A conversion experience can be emotional, including grief and sorrow for sin followed by great relief at receiving forgiveness, the stress on conversion is further differentiated from other forms of Protestantism by the belief that an assurance of salvation will accompany conversion. Among Evangelicals, individuals have testified to both sudden and gradual conversions, biblicism is reverence for the Bible and a high regard for biblical authority. All Evangelicals believe in inspiration, though they disagree over how this inspiration should be defined
Evangelicalism
–
(
The Ninety-Five Theses)
Evangelicalism
–
Jonathan Edwards' account of the revival in Northampton was published in 1737 as
A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God in the Conversion of Many Hundred Souls in Northampton.
Evangelicalism
–
John Wesley preaching
