1.
Spanish naming customs
–
Spanish naming customs are historical traditions for naming children practised in Spain. According to these customs, a persons name consists of a name followed by two family names. The first surname is usually the fathers first surname, and the second the mothers first surname, in recent years, the order of the surnames can be reversed at birth if it is so decided by the parents. Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name, a composite given name comprises two single names, for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. The two surnames refer to each of the parental families, traditionally, a persons first surname is the fathers first surname, and the second one is the mothers first surname. From 2013, if the parents of a child are unable to agree on order of surnames, the law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Each surname can also be composite, the parts usually linked by the y or e. For example, a name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename, a paternal surname. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, for example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under Arbó, assuming that Sebastiá and Juan were both given names. However, Juan was actually his first surname, to resolve questions like this, which typically involve very common names, one must consult the person involved, or legal documents. A man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. Furthermore, Mr. Gómez might be addressed as José Antonio, José, Pepe, Antonio, or Toño Jose, Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín, Antoñito, Tonín or Nono. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific as don José Antonio or don José, colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez is sometimes incorrectly referred to in English media as Mr. Márquez, when it should be Mr. García Márquez or, simply, Mr. García. It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, for example, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called simply Zapatero, the name he inherited from his mothers family, since Rodríguez is a common surname and may be ambiguous. The same occurs with another former Spanish Socialist leader, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, as these peoples paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names. It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as Zapatero, a practical option to spare an explanation is using a single surname composed of two separate words. Parents choose their childs name, which must be recorded in the Registro Civil to establish his or her legal identity. With few restrictions, parents can now choose any name, common sources of names are the parents taste, honouring a relative, the General Roman Calendar nomina, legislation in Spain under Franco legally limited cultural naming customs to only Christian and typical Spanish names
2.
Guatemala City
–
Guatemala City, locally known as Guatemala or Guate, is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Guatemala, and the most populous in Central America. The city is located in the part of the country. In 2009, it had a population of 1,075,000, Guatemala City is also the capital of the local Municipality of Guatemala and of the Guatemala Department. Human settlement on the present site of Guatemala City began with the Maya who built a city at Kaminaljuyu, the Spanish colonists established a small town, which was made a capital city in 1775. At this period the Central Square with the Cathedral and Royal Palace were constructed, after Central American independence from Spain the city became the capital of the United Provinces of Central America in 1821. The 19th century saw the construction of the monumental Carrera Theater in the 1850s, at this time the city was expanding around the 30 de junio Boulevard and elsewhere, displacing native settlements from the ancient site. Earthquakes in 1917–1918 destroyed many historic structures, during the Guatemalan Civil War, terror attacks beginning with the burning of the Spanish Embassy in 1980 led to severe destruction and loss of life in the city. In May 2010 two disasters struck, the eruption of the Pacaya volcano, and two days later Tropical Storm Agatha, Guatemala City serves as the economic, governmental, and cultural epicenter of the nation of Guatemala. Guatemala City is subdivided into 22 zones designed by the engineering of Raúl Aguilar Batres, each one with its own streets and avenues. Zones are numbered 1-25 with Zones 20,22 and 23 not existing as they would have fallen in two other municipalities territory. Addresses are assigned according to the street or avenue number, followed by a dash, the zones are assigned in a spiral form starting in downtown Guatemala city. Efforts to revitalize this important part of the city have been undertaken by the government and have been very successful thus far. This plan denominated POT aims to allow taller building structures of mixed uses to be next to large arterial roads and gradually decline in height. It is also worth mentioning, that due to the Airport being in the city, to the south and this limits the maximum height for a building, at 60 metres in Zone 10, up to 95 metres in Zone 1. The city is located in the South-Central area of the country and has a lot of green areas, besides the parks, the city offers a portfolio of entertainment in the region, focused on the so-called Zona Viva and the Calzada Roosevelt as well as four degrees North. Also include projects such as Zona Pradera and Interamerica´s World Financial Center http, the location of the La Aurora international airport within the city limits the construction of skyscrapers, changing the limits permitted directly by its location within the urban area. According to the 2017 census, the Guatemala City metropolitan area had a population of 3.3 million, making it the most populous urban agglomeration in Central America. The growth of the population has been robust since then
3.
Guatemala
–
With an estimated population of around 15.8 million, it is the most populated state in Central America. Guatemala is a democracy, its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción. The territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization, most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain. Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, from the mid to late 19th century, Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife. Beginning in the early 20th century, it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company, in 1944, authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup, initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms. A U. S. -backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution, from 1960 to 1996, Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels, including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military. As of 2014, Guatemala ranks 31st of 33 Latin American and Caribbean countries in terms of the Human Development Index, Guatemalas abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems includes a large number of endemic species and contributes to Mesoamericas designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The country is known for its rich and distinct culture. The name Guatemala comes from the Nahuatl word Cuauhtēmallān, or place of many trees and this was the name the Tlaxcaltecan soldiers who accompanied Pedro de Alvarado during the Spanish Conquest gave to this territory. The first evidence of habitation in Guatemala dates back to 12,000 BC. Evidence, such as obsidian arrowheads found in parts of the country. There is archaeological proof that early Guatemalan settlers were hunters and gatherers, pollen samples from Petén and the Pacific coast indicate that maize cultivation had been developed by 3500 BC. Sites dating back to 6500 BC have been found in the Quiché region in the Highlands, archaeologists divide the pre-Columbian history of Mesoamerica into the Preclassic period, the Classic period, and the Postclassic period. Until recently, the Preclassic was regarded as a period, with small villages of farmers who lived in huts. This period is characterized by urbanisation, the emergence of independent city-states and this lasted until approximately 900 AD, when the Classic Maya civilization collapsed. The Maya abandoned many of the cities of the lowlands or were killed off by a drought-induced famine. The cause of the collapse is debated, but the Drought Theory is gaining currency, supported by such as lakebeds, ancient pollen. A series of prolonged droughts, among other such as overpopulation, in what is otherwise a seasonal desert is thought to have decimated the Maya
4.
Miami Dade College
–
Miami Dade College, or simply Miami Dade or MDC, is a state college located in Miami, Florida. Miami Dade has eight campuses and twenty-one outreach centers located throughout Miami-Dade County, founded in 1959, Miami Dade is the largest college in the Florida College System with over 165,000 students. Additionally, MDC is also the largest institution of education in Florida. Miami Dade Colleges main campus, the Wolfson Campus, is in Downtown Miami, Miami Dade College was established in 1959 and opened in 1960 as Dade County Junior College. The original campus was located at the recently built Miami Central High School, the campus consisted of a portion of the school and an adjacent farm. In 1960, a facility was built on an old air station near Opa-locka Airport. The College enrolled African American students and Cuban exiles who could not afford other schools, as the college grew, a temporary satellite campus opened in what is today Pinecrest at Miami Palmetto High School until the new South Campus was built in Kendall. Later renamed Miami-Dade Junior College, its two flagship campuses expanded and enrolled students, eventually outgrowing the University of Florida and Florida State University. After some time, college board of directors chairman Mitchell Wolfson envisioned a campus at the heart of Downtown Miami, and in 1973, the College changed its name to Miami-Dade Community College around the same time. The College initially implemented an open policy, meaning anyone who could afford classes was allowed to enroll. Because of this, the focus of the College became strengthening its academics, as a result, the Medical Center was built near Miamis Civic Center adjacent to the University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital to train students in Allied Health and nursing programs. With the Mariel exile community arriving in 1980, the College created a center in Hialeah to give incoming refugees educational opportunities. Another outreach center, the InterAmerican center, was built to accommodate bilingual education, the Homestead Campus was built in 1990 in Homestead to relieve the concerns of students having to drive to the Kendall Campus In Miami. In the mid-1990s, the College made use of new media, as the Florida legislature reduced the education budget, the College began to rely heavily on the Miami Dade College Foundation, consisting mainly of Alumni, for financial support. Beginning in 2001, the College implemented a plan to revamp the College. In 2002, the College disbanded its Honors Program and created The Honors College for talented high school graduates, the Honors College is a representation of Miami Dade Colleges most academically-gifted students in different fields and was originally based in the three larger campuses. In 2007, The Honors College expanded into the InterAmerican Campus with The Honors College Dual Language Honors Program, the Dual Language Honors Program opened its doors to bilingual students who wish to continue their careers with professional fluency in the English and Spanish languages. In 2003, the College was granted the right to award degrees in education to meet future education needs
5.
Juilliard School
–
The Juilliard School located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905. It is informally referred to as Juilliard, the school trains about 850 undergraduate and graduate students in dance, drama, and music. It is widely regarded as one of the leading music schools. In 2016, QS Quacquarelli Symonds ranked it as the worlds best institution for Performing Arts in their global ranking of the discipline. The Institute opened in the former Lenox Mansion, Fifth Avenue and 12th Street and it moved in 1910 to 120 Claremont Avenue in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, onto a property purchased from Bloomingdale Insane Asylum. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus D. Juilliard, in 1924, the foundation purchased the Vanderbilt family guesthouse at 49 E. 52nd Street and established the Juilliard Graduate School. In 1926, the Juilliard School of Music was created through a merger of the Institute of Musical Art, the two schools shared a common Board of Directors and President but retained their distinct identities. The conductor and music-educator Frank Damrosch continued as the Institutes dean, in 1937, Hutcheson succeeded Erskine as president of the two institutions, a job he held until 1945. In 1946, the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School completely merged to form a single institution, the president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Schuman established the Juilliard String Quartet in 1946 and the Dance Division in 1951, William Schuman graduated from Columbias Teachers College and attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932,1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in counterpoint. L&M was Schumans reaction against more formal theory and ear training, the general mandate was to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music. The quality and degree of each students education in harmony, music history or ear training was dependent on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate, William Schuman resigned as president of Juilliard after being elected president of Lincoln Center in 1962. Peter Mennin, another composer with experience at the Peabody Conservatory, was elected as his successor. Mennin made significant changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, in 1968, Mennin hired John Houseman to manage a new Drama Division, and in 1969 oversaw Juilliards relocation from Claremont Avenue to Lincoln Center. Polisis many accomplishments include philanthropic successes, broadening of the curriculum, in 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the National Medal of Arts, in 2006, Juilliard received a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist Bruce Kovner. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations,2, and manuscripts of Brahmss Symphony No.2 and Piano Concerto No.2
6.
Miami
–
Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
7.
Guatemalan Americans
–
Guatemalan Americans are Americans of full or partial Guatemalan descent. The Guatemalan American population at the 2010 Census was 1,044,209, Guatemalans are the fifth largest Latino group in the United States and the second largest Central American population after Salvadorans. Half of the Guatemalan population is situated in two parts of the country, the Northeast and Southern California, Guatemalans have emigrated to the USA since the 1930s and 1940s. Along with other Central Americans they first arrived by way of Mexico and settled in areas like Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Houston, New York City. Guatemalan refugees became an important political and economic influence on seeking an end to the civil war, during the Guatemalan civil war, there was massive destruction of rural villages and farmlands. In the 1996 peace accords, there was an exchange of civilian land to favor the rise of corporate agribusinesses with the drop of prices of local agricultural products. This heavily affected farm workers and inhabitants of the countryside and they had to immigrate into the US through Mexican territory, Guatemalan Americans are a very culturally diverse group of people, included about 23 distinct ethnic groups, whose languages are different, although maintain unique cultural traditions. The groups are, in majority, Mayan, the Ladino are a different group that speak Spanish language and have the Spanish culture. So, Guatemalan Americans are a multicultural community and this reason is why the assimilation processes, traditional beliefs, and customs vary differently between groups. Immigrant Mayan American communities have preserved their ethnic customs, the Guatemalans of European descent often mixed with other U. S. Hispanic groups. However, it is unknown the transmission of cultural traditions Guatemalans of immigrants to their descendants by lack of studies, some Guatemalan traditions are the celebration of Quinceñeros, the formation of soccer leagues, and the Organization de las Fiestas de la Patronal. The difference with Guatemalans in the US from other Latinos is that a percentage of Guatemalans are Evangelical Protestants. Guatemala had seen a rise of Protestant and Evangelist churches in the late 20th century, according to the national census in 2006, Protestants constituted about 30% of the population in Guatemala, the majority are from rural indigenous communities. Guatemalan-Americans are a contributor to the rise of Hispanic Protestants in the USA during the 2000s, half of the Guatemalan population is situated in two parts of the country, the Northeast and Southern California. A combined population of 267,335 resides in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, the Northeast megalopolis, extending from Northern Virginia to north of Boston is home to a population of 257,729 Guatemalans. Luis Beza – American trumpet player for third-wave ska band Suburban Legends, David Campos – Guatemalan-American attorney and member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 9. David Estrada – He is of Guatemalan descent, Francisco Goldman – American novelist, journalist, and Allen K. Smith Professor of Literature and Creative Writing. He is son of a Guatemalan Catholic mother and Jewish-American father, oscar Isaac – Guatemalan born American raised actor and singer
8.
Inside Llewyn Davis
–
Inside Llewyn Davis /ˈluː. ɪn deɪvɪs/ is a 2013 American black comedy drama film written, directed, produced, and edited by Joel and Ethan Coen. Set in 1961, the film one week in the life of Llewyn Davis, played by Oscar Isaac. It co-stars Carey Mulligan, John Goodman, Garrett Hedlund, F. Murray Abraham, although Davis is a fictional character, the story was partly inspired by the autobiography of folk singer Dave Van Ronk. Most of the songs performed in the film are sung in full. T Bone Burnett was the music producer. The film won the Grand Prix at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, the film received a limited release in the United States on December 6,2013, and was given a wide release on January 10,2014. Inside Llewyn Davis has been acclaimed, and was voted the 11th best film of the 21st century by 177 critics in a 2016 BBC Culture poll. In February 1961, Llewyn Davis is a folk singer in New York Citys Greenwich Village. His musical partner, Mike Timlin, has died by suicide, his recent solo album Inside Llewyn Davis is not selling, he has no money and is sleeping on the couches of friends and acquaintances. Llewyn wakes up in the apartment of two of his older and wealthier friends, the Gorfeins, when he leaves, the Gorfeins cat escapes and Llewyn is locked out. Llewyn takes the cat to the apartment of Jim and Jean Berkey, Jean reluctantly agrees to let Llewyn stay that night. Jean tells Llewyn she is pregnant, the next morning, the Gorfeins cat escapes again. Later Jean, fearing that Llewyn may be the father, asks him to pay for an abortion, Llewyn visits his sister in the hope of borrowing money but realizes it wont be possible. Their conversation makes it clear that they are living in different worlds and she mentions that he should look into going back to the Merchant Marine if the music business isnt working out. On Jims invitation, Llewyn, as part of the John Glenn Singers, records a novelty song with Jim, needing money immediately, Llewyn agrees to $200 with no royalties. While talking to Jean at a café, Llewyn spots what he believes to be the Gorfeins cat, asked to play after dinner, he reluctantly performs Fare Thee Well, a song he had recorded with Mike. When Mrs. Gorfein starts to sing Mikes harmony, Llewyn becomes angry, Mrs. Gorfein leaves the table crying, then returns with the cat, having realized that it is not theirs. Llewyn rides with two musicians driving to Chicago, the beat poet Johnny Five and the odious jazz musician Roland Turner
9.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
10.
A Most Violent Year
–
A Most Violent Year is a 2014 American crime drama film written and directed by J. C. The film stars Oscar Isaac and Jessica Chastain with Alessandro Nivola, David Oyelowo, Albert Brooks, and Catalina Sandino Moreno. The protagonist is Abel Morales, the owner of a small company who is stressed by the competitiveness in the oil trade. When his truck drivers start getting hijacked, there is increased pressure for his drivers to arm themselves, the film premiered as the opening film of the AFI Fest on November 6,2014 and it was released theatrically on December 31,2014. It garnered positive reviews, and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Film, in 1981 New York, Abel Morales is the owner of an up-and-coming company which has suffered the hijacking of several trucks, each carrying heating-oil worth thousands of dollars. One driver, Julian, is beaten when his oil truck is hijacked by two unknown assailants. Abels wife, Anna Morales, beseeches Abel to fight violence with violence and this will allow Morales company to directly import fuel oil from barges and to store far more oil in the summertime when fuel oil prices are lower. After moving into a new home, Morales prevents what appears to be an attempted burglary, suspecting this intimidation is coming from his competitors, he begins to confront them one by one, each one denies any intimidation and theft to drive him out of business. The head of the Teamsters encourages Morales to arm his drivers with handguns, returning to work after weeks of rehabilitation, Julian is again accosted by criminals, this time on the Queensboro Bridge in broad daylight. He manages to scrounge up another $200,000 by taking out a loan against an apartment building that he. With time winding down quickly, he intercepts a radio call for help one of his drivers. Being nearby, he pursues the stolen truck, eventually catching up to and attacking one of the hijackers, Morales demands to know who the mastermind is. The hijacker denies he was hired by anyone but reveals that he sold his last stolen shipment in Far Rockaway, Morales confronts one of his competitors, who has facilities in Far Rockaway, threatening to alert the federal authorities as the stolen fuel is marked. The competitor agrees to pay Morales more than $200,000 for stolen fuel oil, as Morales is getting closer to his $1.5 million goal, he visits mafia-affiliated Peter Forente to ask for another $600,000. Forente agrees to give Morales the loan, but on very unfavorable terms, having the money he now needs, Morales and Walsh pay off his creditors and secure the terminal. Despondent by his being a man, Julian commits suicide in front of Abel, Anna. Lawrence agrees in general terms and suggests that new fuel oil terminal will propel Morales business. Lawrence then suggests that Morales might be able to him with his higher aspirations
11.
Ex Machina (film)
–
Ex Machina is a 2015 independent science fiction psychological thriller film written and directed by Alex Garland and stars Domhnall Gleeson, Oscar Isaac and Alicia Vikander. The film follows a programmer who is invited by his CEO to administer the Turing test to an intelligent humanoid robot, made on a budget of $15 million, the film grossed $36 million worldwide and received critical acclaim. The film was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film. Programmer Caleb Smith wins a one-week visit to the luxurious, isolated home of Nathan Bateman, the only other person there is Nathans servant Kyoko, who, according to Nathan, does not speak English. Nathan has built a robot named Ava with artificial intelligence. Ava has a body but a human-looking face, and is confined to her apartment. During their talks, Caleb grows close to her, and she expresses a romantic interest in him and she can trigger power outages that temporarily shut down the surveillance system which Nathan uses to monitor their interactions, allowing them to speak privately. The power outages also trigger the buildings security system, locking all the doors, during one outage, Ava tells Caleb that Nathan is a liar who cannot be trusted. Caleb grows uncomfortable with Nathans narcissism, excessive drinking, and crude behaviour towards Kyoko and he learns that Nathan intends to upgrade Ava, killing her current personality in the process. Caleb encourages Nathan to drink until he passes out, then steals his security card to access his room, after he alters some of Nathans code, he discovers footage of Nathan interacting with previous android models in disturbing ways, and learns that Kyoko is also an android. Suspicious that he may also be an android, Caleb cuts his arm open to examine his flesh, at their next meeting, Ava cuts the power. Caleb explains what Nathan is going to do and Ava begs him to help her and they form a plan, Caleb will get Nathan drunk again and reprogram the security system to open the doors in a power failure instead of locking them. When Ava cuts the power, she and Caleb will leave together, Nathan reveals to Caleb that he has been observing Caleb and Avas secret conversations with a battery-powered camera. Caleb reveals that he knew Nathan was watching them, and modified the security system when Nathan was passed out the previous day, after seeing Ava leave her confinement, Nathan knocks Caleb unconscious and rushes to stop her. With help from Kyoko, Ava kills Nathan, but in the process Nathan destroys Kyoko, Ava repairs herself with parts from earlier androids, using their artificial skin to take on the full appearance of a human woman. She leaves Caleb trapped inside the facility, ignoring his screams, Alicia Vikander as Ava Domhnall Gleeson as Caleb Smith Oscar Isaac as Nathan Bateman Sonoya Mizuno as Kyoko Symara A. His later ideas came from years of discussions he had been having with a friend with an expertise in neuroscience, trying to find an answer on his own he started reading books on the topic. During the pre-production of Dredd, while going through a book by Murray Shanahan about consciousness and embodiment, the idea was written down and put aside till later
12.
Saint Joseph
–
Christian tradition places Joseph as Jesus foster father. Some historians state that Joseph was Jesus father, some differing views are due to theological interpretations versus historical views. In both Catholic and Protestant traditions, Joseph is regarded as the saint of workers and is associated with various feast days. In popular piety, Joseph is regarded as a model for fathers and has also become patron of various dioceses and places, several notable images of Saint Joseph have been granted a Canonical coronation by a Pope. In popular religious iconography he is associated with lilies or a spikenard, with the present-day growth of Mariology, the theological field of Josephology has also grown and since the 1950s centers for studying it have been formed. According to the New Testament, Joseph was the father of James, Joses, Judas, Simon, the Pauline epistles make no reference to Jesus father, nor does the Gospel of Mark. The first appearance of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew, consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. Some scholars, such as Harry A. Ironside reconcile the genealogies by viewing the Solomonic lineage in Matthew as Josephs major royal line, the epistles of Paul are generally regarded as the oldest extant Christian writings. These mention Jesus mother, but do not refer to his father, the Book of Mark, the first gospel to be written, with a date about two decades after Paul, also does not mention Jesus father. Joseph first appears in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, both dating from around 80-90 AD, the issue of reconciling the two accounts has been the subject of debate. In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary, once Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return, but to avoid Herods son he takes his wife and the child to Nazareth in Galilee and settles there. In Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus is born in Bethlehem because Joseph, lukes account makes no mention of angels and dreams, the Massacre of the Innocents, or of a visit to Egypt. The last time Joseph appears in person in any Gospel is in the story of the Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years old, no mention is made of him thereafter. The story emphasizes Jesus awareness of his mission, here Jesus speaks to his parents of my father, meaning God. Christian tradition represents Mary as a widow during the ministry of her son. Joseph is not mentioned as being present at the Wedding at Cana at the beginning of Jesus mission, nor at the Passion at the end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion, he would under Jewish custom have been expected to charge of Jesus body. Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her husband had been alive, in Mark 6,3, they call Jesus Marys son instead of naming his father
13.
Mary, mother of Jesus
–
Mary, also known by various titles, styles and honorifics, was a 1st-century Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran. The gospels of Matthew and Luke in the New Testament and the Quran describe Mary as a virgin, the miraculous birth took place when she was already betrothed to Joseph and was awaiting the concluding rite of marriage, the formal home-taking ceremony. She married Joseph and accompanied him to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born, the Gospel of Luke begins its account of Marys life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to canonical gospel accounts, Mary was present at the crucifixion and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jerusalem. According to the Catholic and Orthodox teaching, at the end of her life her body was assumed directly into Heaven. Mary has been venerated since Early Christianity, and is considered by millions to be the most meritorious saint of the religion and she is claimed to have miraculously appeared to believers many times over the centuries. The Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran churches believe that Mary, there is significant diversity in the Marian beliefs and devotional practices of major Christian traditions. The Roman Catholic Church holds distinctive Marian dogmas, namely her status as the Mother of God, her Immaculate Conception, her perpetual virginity, many Protestants minimize Marys role within Christianity, based on the argued brevity of biblical references. Mary also has a position in Islam, where one of the longer chapters of the Quran is devoted to her. Marys name in the manuscripts of the New Testament was based on her original Aramaic name ܡܪܝܡ. The English name Mary comes from the Greek Μαρία, which is a form of Μαριάμ. Both Μαρία and Μαριάμ appear in the New Testament, in Christianity, Mary is commonly referred to as the Virgin Mary, in accordance with the belief that she conceived Jesus miraculously through the Holy Spirit without her husbands involvement. The three main titles for Mary used by the Orthodox are Theotokos, Aeiparthenos as confirmed in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553, Catholics use a wide variety of titles for Mary, and these titles have in turn given rise to many artistic depictions. For example, the title Our Lady of Sorrows has inspired such masterpieces as Michelangelos Pietà, the title Theotokos was recognized at the Council of Ephesus in 431. However, this phrase in Greek, in the abbreviated form ΜΡ ΘΥ, is an indication commonly attached to her image in Byzantine icons. The Council stated that the Church Fathers did not hesitate to speak of the holy Virgin as the Mother of God, some Marian titles have a direct scriptural basis. For instance, the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, the scriptural basis for the term Queen can be seen in Luke 1,32 and the Isaiah 9,6. Queen Mother can be found in 1 Kings 2, 19-20 and Jeremiah 13, other titles have arisen from reported miracles, special appeals or occasions for calling on Mary
14.
The Nativity Story
–
The Nativity Story is a 2006 biblical drama film based on the nativity of Jesus, directed by Catherine Hardwicke and starring Keisha Castle-Hughes and Oscar Isaac. The film was released on December 1,2006 after it premiered in Vatican City November 27,2006, the Nativity Story was the first film to hold its world premiere in Vatican City. The plot begins with the portrayal of the Massacre of the Innocents in the Nativity, the remainder of the movie portrays the annunciation and birth of Jesus Christ to explain why King Herod the Great ordered the murder. He states that he is too old, and is told by Gabriel that he will be unable to speak until the boy is born. Mary is then, betrothed to marry Joseph of Judaea, is visited by the Angel Gabriel and told that she become pregnant with Gods son. He then tells that her God has blessed her cousin Elizabeth with a child despite her old age. Mary returns from the pregnant, to the shock of Joseph and her parents, who fear that Joseph will accuse her of fornication. At first Joseph does not believe Marys explanation that she was visited by the angel Gabriel, although he is still shocked and angry, Joseph is later visited in a dream by the Angel Gabriel, who tells him of Gods plan for Marys son. Joseph then believes Mary, and is ashamed for his earlier doubts, meanwhile, Caesar Augustus, the Roman emperor, has demanded that every man and his family across the Roman Empire must return to his place of birth for the census. As a direct descendant of King David, Joseph is forced to travel 110 kilometers across Palestines rocky terrain from Nazareth to Bethlehem, with Mary on a donkey laden with supplies, the couple took nearly four weeks to reach Bethlehem. Upon arriving in town, Mary goes into labour, and Joseph frantically seeks a place for her to deliver, there is, however, no room in any inn or home partly because of the census, but at the last minute an innkeeper offers his stable for shelter. Meanwhile, three Magi named Gaspar, Melchior and Balthasar, travel towards Judaea after having discovered that three planets will align to form a great star. This Star of Bethlehem appears before the Magi, after a visit by the Angel Gabriel, the Magi visit King Herod the Great and reveal to him that the Messiah is still a child and he will be a Messiah for the lowest of men to the highest of kings. Shocked by this, Herod asks that they visit the newborn Messiah and report the location back to him, under the pretence that he, too. Later, the Magi arrive at the stable in which Mary is giving birth to Jesus, and they present the Infant with gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. After having been warned by the Angel in a dream, the Magi avoid Herod, King Herod realises that the Magi have tricked him, and carries out his plan of killing every boy in Bethlehem under the age of two. At the end of the movie, Joseph, Mary, and Jesus return, other scenes were shot in Craco, a ghost town in the Italian region of Basilicata, and Cinecittà, Rome. The Nativity Story opened to a modest first weekend at the box office by grossing $7.8 million
15.
East Timor
–
East Timor or Timor-Leste, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia. It comprises the half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse. The countrys size is about 15,410 km2, nine days later, it was invaded and occupied by Indonesia and was declared Indonesias 27th province the following year. The Indonesian occupation of East Timor was characterised by a highly violent decades-long conflict between separatist groups and the Indonesian military, in 1999, following the United Nations-sponsored act of self-determination, Indonesia relinquished control of the territory. East Timor became the first new state of the 21st century on 20 May 2002 and joined the United Nations. In 2011, East Timor announced its intention to gain status in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations by applying to become its eleventh member. It is one of two predominantly Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being the Philippines. In Indonesian, the country is called Timor Timur, thus using the Portuguese name for the island followed by the word for east, the official names under the Constitution are Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste in English, República Democrática de Timor-Leste in Portuguese and Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste in Tetum. Humans first settled in East Timor 42,000 years ago, descendants of at least three waves of migration are believed still to live in East Timor. The first is described by anthropologists as people of the Veddo-Australoid type, around 3000 BC, a second migration brought Melanesians. The earlier Veddo-Australoid peoples withdrew at this time to the mountainous interior, finally, proto-Malays arrived from south China and north Indochina. Hakka traders are among those descended from this final group, Timorese origin myths tell of ancestors that sailed around the eastern end of Timor arriving on land in the south. Some stories recount Timorese ancestors journeying from the Malay Peninsula or the Minangkabau highlands of Sumatra, austronesians migrated to Timor, and are thought to be associated with the development of agriculture on the island. Thirdly, Proto-Malays arrived from south China and north Indochina, before European colonialism, Timor was included in Chinese and Indian trading networks, and in the 14th century was an exporter of aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. It was the abundance of sandalwood in Timor that attracted European explorers to the island in the early 16th century. During that time, European explorers reported that the island had a number of small chiefdoms or princedoms, the Portuguese established outposts in Timor and Maluku. Effective European occupation of a part of the territory began in 1769, when the city of Dili was founded. For the Portuguese, East Timor remained little more than a trading post until the late nineteenth century, with minimal investment in infrastructure, health
16.
Balibo (film)
–
While historically accurate, the film is loosely based on the book Cover-Up by Jill Jolliffe, an Australian journalist who met the men before they were killed. Oscar Isaac plays the young José Ramos-Horta, who would receive the Nobel Peace Prize and become the second President of East Timor. Filming began on 30 June 2008, in Dili, East Timor, and it was produced by Arenafilm in Australia with Robert Connolly as director, David Williamson as screenwriter, and Professor Clinton Fernandes as historical consultant. LaPaglia, also an Executive Producer, named East as probably the best role Ive ever had, the story is seen through the eyes of veteran journalist Roger East. Initially refusing to become involved, East changes his tune after Ramos-Horta shows him photos of five Australian TV reporters missing in the town of Balibo. Vignettes then show Greg Shackleton, Gary Cunningham, Malcolm Rennie, Brian Peters and Tony Stewart, all under 30, saying goodbye to loved ones and setting out on their assignments a month earlier. Shooting in Dili began on 31 July 2008, with United Nations police closing off roads, gritty 16mm-to-35mm visuals shot at the actual locations where the events took place give a documentary-style texture. The films version of events was validated by an Australian coroner in 2007, after a fresh review of the evidence, the coroner ruled that the journalists were executed as they tried to surrender to Indonesian forces. The filmmakers hope that Balibo will spur the Australian government into action, almost 18 months on, it has not responded to the coroners findings - a reticence which may stem from its fear of upsetting diplomatic relations with Jakarta. Rotten Tomatoes gives a score of 100% based on 11 reviews, Balibo received its world premiere at the Melbourne International Film Festival on 24 July 2009 at Melbournes Hamer Hall. The then President of East Timor, José Ramos-Horta was in attendance, on changes over recent years in Indonesia Ramos-Horta said It is better. Indonesian democracy today is one of the most inspiring in the south-east Asia region, also in attendance were the families of the Balibo Five. Relatives of Tony Stewart held aloft a banner bearing his name which had been embroidered by East Timorese women. Maureen Tolfree, sister of Brian Peters, said she hoped many Australians would see the film, screen Internationals Frank Hatherley opined, Shot on location with loving attention to period detail, the films take on these long-buried events is convincing. Connollys three strands are woven together, coming to twin climaxes where terror and cruelty overwhelm everyone. These ‘killing field scenes are not for the squeamish, the Monthlys Luke Davies wrote, Jill Jollifes book. Argues that the Australian government has always known the circumstances of the newsmens deaths. Connolly doesnt try to answer questions, but rather lets them echo in the film
17.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
–
Star Wars, The Force Awakens is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed, co-produced, and co-written by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 and it was produced by Abrams, his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. John Williams, composer for the six films, returned to compose the films score. Lucas served as consultant during the films early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in England. It is the first live-action film in the franchise since Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars, The Force Awakens was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14,2015, four days before its release worldwide. It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations, two sequels, Star Wars, The Last Jedi and Episode IX, are scheduled for release in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Three decades after the destruction of the second Death Star, the First Order has risen from the fallen Galactic Empire, the Resistance, backed by the Republic and led by General Leia Organa, opposes them while searching for her brother, Luke Skywalker, to enlist his aid. Resistance pilot Poe Dameron meets village elder Lor San Tekka on the planet Jakku to obtain a map to Lukes location, stormtroopers commanded by Kylo Ren destroy the village and capture Poe, while Ren kills Tekka. Poes droid, BB-8, escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger named Rey near a junkyard settlement, Ren tortures Poe using the Force, and learns of BB-8. Stormtrooper FN-2187, unwilling to kill, frees Poe, and they escape in a stolen TIE fighter and they crash on Jakku, and Finn survives, but Poe is believed to have been killed in the crash. Finn encounters Rey and BB-8, but the First Order tracks them, Finn, Rey, and BB-8 flee the planet in the Millennium Falcon, which they steal from a junkyard. The Falcon is captured by a ship piloted by Han Solo and Chewbacca. Two rival gangs, seeking to settle debts with Han, board and attack, the gangs inform the First Order. At the First Orders Starkiller Base – a planet converted into a superweapon that harnesses energy from stars – Supreme Leader Snoke orders General Hux to use the weapon for the first time. Snoke questions Rens ability to deal with emotions relating to his father, Han Solo, the Falcon crew views BB-8s map and determines it is incomplete
18.
Star Wars: The Last Jedi
–
Star Wars, The Last Jedi is an upcoming American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the film in the Star Wars sequel trilogy following Star Wars. The film is produced by Lucasfilm and will be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It stars Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Adam Driver, Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Lupita Nyongo, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, new cast members include Benicio del Toro, Laura Dern, and Kelly Marie Tran in unconfirmed roles. It was Fishers final film role before her death in December 2016, the film was announced after Disneys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012. It is produced by Ram Bergman and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy, John Williams, composer for the previous seven films, returns to compose the score. The Last Jedi is scheduled for release on December 15,2017, a sequel, Star Wars, Episode IX, is scheduled for 2019. Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker, an immensely powerful Jedi Master who has been in self-imposed exile on the planet Ahch-To, Carrie Fisher as General Leia Organa, twin sister to Luke, former princess of Alderaan, and a leading general in the Resistance. The Last Jedi is Fishers final film role, she died on December 27,2016, Fisher had completed her work on the film before her death. Adam Driver as Kylo Ren, Supreme Leader Snokes loyal servant who is strong with the side of the Force. He was born Ben Solo, the son of Han Solo and Leia Organa, nephew of Luke Skywalker, Daisy Ridley as Rey, a highly Force-sensitive scavenger from the desert planet Jakku who joined the Resistance and goes to find Luke Skywalker. John Boyega as Finn, a stormtrooper of the First Order who defected to the Resistance. Oscar Isaac as Poe Dameron, an X-wing fighter pilot in the Resistance, Lupita Nyongo as Maz Kanata, a pirate and longtime friend of Han Solo and Chewbacca. Domhnall Gleeson as General Hux, the head of the First Orders Starkiller Base. Anthony Daniels as C-3PO, a protocol droid in the service of Leia Organa. Gwendoline Christie as Captain Phasma, the commander of the First Orders stormtroopers, Andy Serkis as Supreme Leader Snoke, the mysterious leader of the First Order and Kylo Rens master. Tom Hardy will make an appearance as a stormtrooper. Gary Barlow also has an appearance in the film
19.
X-wing fighter
–
The X-wing fighter is a fictional starfighter from the original Star Wars trilogy and the Star Wars expanded universe. They are depicted as the interceptor and dogfighter of the Rebel Alliance. The craft has been merchandised as a variety of toys, models licensed for use in games, novels, industrial Light & Magics Joe Johnston sketched and Colin Cantwell built models that eventually became the final X-wing fighter in Star Wars. The X-wings were designed to more traditional than the Empires TIE fighters. ILM built miniatures in various scales, with wing markings indicating which prop represented which pilot, when ILM fell behind on generating X-wing footage, Star Wars producer George Lucas and his editors temporarily used World War II dogfight footage for initial editing cuts. Each X-wing model was built around a core made from surgical tubing, which allowed lighting, cooling. The cockpit windows were made from faceted glass so that accurate reflections could be filmed, the production crew also made a full-size X-wing cockpit that was used for all actors, the astromech droid visible behind each actor was changed for each starfighter. Background noise pitch and tone also varied between X-wings to further differentiate the characters piloting them. The lake in which Luke Skywalker crashes his X-wing in The Empire Strikes Back was only 3.5 feet deep, requiring the creation of a rig resembling the starfighter sitting in the lake at an angle. The rig was built in hinged sections so it could be manipulated by frogmen to sink or rise and this resulted in numerous parts of space battle scenes being re-shot as digital animations for the original trilogys Special Edition releases. The ARC-170 starfighter seen in Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith is the ancestor of the X-wing and is reminiscent of the X-wings design. The expanded universe states that Incom Corporation designers defected to the Rebel Alliance, one design of the Z-95 Headhunter is based on an initial Johnston X-wing sketch, the Z-95 has since been described as an X-wing precursor. The fighter has two modes, one in which the wings are flat and another when they are expanded into attack position. S-foil servomotors control the transition between the two, hence the expression to lock s-foils in attack position, lacking an on-board navigation computer, they rely on an astromech droid to calculate hyperspace jumps. The presence of a hyperdrive and deflector shields differentiate the X-wing from the Empires TIE fighters, emphasizing the importance the Rebels place on pilots surviving their missions. Kenner Toys produced an X-wing toy as a complement to its action figure line in 1978, the s-foils were activated by depressing the molded astromech droid. In 1982, a version was released using the same mold but with damage stickers, a grey fuselage, blackened engine inlets. In countries outside the U. S. the electronics were removed, kenner also produced a die-cast 1,72 miniature X-wing in 1978 and a smaller scaled version with battle damage crash feature for the short lived Micro Collection line in 1982
20.
Poe Dameron
–
Poe Dameron is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. Introduced in the 2015 film Star Wars, The Force Awakens and he is featured in The Force Awakens media and merchandising as well as an eponymous comic book series, and will appear in the films forthcoming sequel, Star Wars, The Last Jedi. Isaac and the character have received positive reviews, with Poe being compared to the characterization of Han Solo in the original Star Wars film trilogy. During the development phase of The Force Awakens, the character was referred to as John Doe and was first intended to be a Jedi. Isaacs casting in the film was first announced on April 29,2014 and his character was first seen in the 88-second The Force Awakens teaser trailer released by Lucasfilm on November 28,2014, piloting an X-wing fighter. The name Poe Dameron was revealed by Entertainment Weekly in a Lucasfilm-designed Topps-style trading card mockup in December 2014, the character was one of those featured in a May 2015 Vanity Fair photo shoot by Annie Leibovitz. He was named after The Force Awakens writer/director J. J. Abrams assistant Morgan Dameron, the film has received praise for its diverse casting, including Isaac, who is Guatemalan-American. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote that giving starring roles to a man, a white woman. Targeted at Spanish-speaking viewers, an action-oriented Univision TV spot heavily featuring Poe included an introduction by Isaac in Spanish, after an initial release of promotional character posters in November 2015, a poster featuring Isaacs Poe was released the following month. In The Force Awakens, Poe is a skilled X-wing fighter pilot for the Resistance, the son of a rebel fighter pilot and a rebel commando, he is a commander in the Resistance’s Starfighter Corps and one of Leia Organas most-trusted operatives who is headstrong and can fly anything. Isaac described Poe as the best freaking pilot in the galaxy, hes been sent on a mission by a certain princess, and he ends up coming up across, and their fates are forever intertwined. Natalie Zutter and Chris Lough of Tor. com wrote, Poe is that rare creature who knows exactly what he wants to do with his life, Isaac said of the character, Poe’s the kind of guy you want in the trenches with you. He’s straightforward, he’s honest, hes incredibly loyal and he’s got some swagger to him, katy Waldman wrote for Slate, This is Poe Dameron, star pilot, heartthrob, wiseass, ace leather jacket–bestower, Finn’s OTP. When he grins up at, all rakish charm and derring-do, comic book writer Charles Soule, creator of the 2015 Marvel Comics series Star Wars, Poe Dameron, said of the character, I think its his charisma that really defines him, for me. Poe Dameron is one charming fellow, weve seen great pilots before, and great warriors, but his ability to lead and inspire feels pretty fresh to me, as is his somewhat snappy roguishness. Poe Dameron is the star pilot of General Leia Organas Resistance fleet. He is sent by Leia on a mission to the planet Jakku to retrieve part of a map that lead to the location of her brother. Before Poe can leave with the map, the First Order attacks, the pilot has entrusted the map to BB-8, who flees into the desert as Kylo Ren tortures Poe in search of the map
21.
X-Men: Apocalypse
–
X-Men, Apocalypse is a 2016 American superhero film based on the fictional X-Men characters that appear in Marvel Comics. It is the installment in the X-Men film series and a sequel to X-Men. The ancient mutant En Sabah Nur awakens in 1983 and plans to wipe out modern civilization and take over the world, leading the X-Men to try to stop him and defeat his team of renegade mutants. The film was announced by Singer in December 2013, with Kinberg, Dougherty, casting began in October 2014, while principal photography commenced in April 2015 in Montreal and ended in August of the same year. X-Men, Apocalypse premiered in London on May 9,2016, and was released in North America on May 27 in 3D and 2D, the film grossed over $543 million worldwide but received a polarised response from critics. En Sabah Nur, a powerful mutant believed to be the first of his kind, rules prehistoric Egypt until he is betrayed by his worshippers and his four lieutenants die preserving him. Awakening in 1983, he believes humanity has lost its way without his presence, aiming to destroy and remake the world, he recruits Cairo pickpocket Ororo Munroe, who can control the weather, and upgrades her power. Raven rescues Kurt and employs the services of black marketeer Caliban to transport him to America, En Sabah Nur recruits Calibans enforcer, Psylocke, who leads him to Angel. En Sabah Nur enhances both their powers, transforming Angels wings into metal, Alex Summers discovers that his younger brother Scott is manifesting a mutation for shooting optic beams. Alex takes Scott to Professor Charles Xaviers educational institute in Westchester County, New York, hoping that Xavier, Scott meets the telepathic and telekinetic Jean Grey, and the two develop an attraction. Raven brings Kurt to the institute, En Sabah Nurs powers cause disturbances around the world, leading Xavier and Alex to consult with CIA agent Moira MacTaggert, who has been researching the legend of Nur. In Communist Poland, the metal-controlling mutant Erik Lehnsherr lives with his wife and their young daughter and he uses his powers to save a coworker, prompting the Militia to capture him. When they accidentally kill Eriks family, he retaliates by executing them, En Sabah Nur later approaches the devastated Erik and takes him to Auschwitz, where Eriks power first manifested. Erik destroys the camp and joins him, En Sabah Nur remotely accesses Cerebro, a brainwave-amplifying device Xavier uses to locate mutants. Through it, he forces the telepathic Xavier to make the global superpowers launch their entire nuclear arsenals into space to prevent interference with En Sabah Nurs plan and he and his new lieutenants arrive at the mansion and kidnap Xavier. Attempting to stop them, Alex accidentally causes an explosion destroys the mansion. Colonel William Strykers forces subsequently capture Hank, Raven, Peter, and Moira, Scott, Jean and Kurt follow covertly, and liberate their comrades using Strykers mind-controlled and brainwashed experiment Weapon X, whose memories Jean partially restores. At En Sabah Nurs behest, Erik uses his powers to control the Earths magnetic poles, causing death, En Sabah Nur plans to transfer his consciousness into Xaviers body, and use Xaviers power to enslave every person on Earth
22.
Apocalypse (comics)
–
Apocalypse is a fictional supervillain appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is the very first mutant, and was originally a principal villain for the original X-Factor team and now for the X-Men. Created by writer Louise Simonson and artist Jackson Guice, Apocalypse first appeared in X-Factor #5, since his introduction, the character has appeared in a number of X-Men titles, including spin-offs and several limited series. Apocalypse has also featured in various forms of media. In 2016, Oscar Isaac portrayed the villain in the film X-Men and he is ranked #24 in IGNs 100 Greatest Comic Book Villains of All Time. While writing the first five issues of X-Factor, Bob Layton dropped hints of a villain operating behind the scenes, Layton intended to reveal this character to be the Daredevil villain Owl on the final page of X-Factor #5. However, editor Bob Harras wanted a new villain to be introduced instead, Layton was removed from the book and replaced by writer Louise Simonson who imagined the character of Apocalypse and had artist Jackson Guice design him. The final page of X-Factor #5 then revealed Apocalypse as master of the Alliance of Evil, Louise is a terrific writer, however, so I assume she wanted to implement her own ideas wherever she could. I do vaguely recall her telling me the broad strokes for Apocalypse extremely early on in our discussions and she always intended for him to be a true heavyweight contender as a villain—all of which bore out. Bob Harras claimed that the character arose because of storytelling needs, All I had communicated to Louise was my desire that an A-level, I wanted a Magneto-level villain who would up the stakes and give the X-Factor team reason to exist. Harras also commented, As soon as I saw the sketch by Walter and heard Louises take on him, Jackson redrew the page, patching in the shadowy Apocalypse where the Owl had been. But the genesis was clearly Walt and Weezies, Louise Simonson and Jackson Guice created him. He appeared in a few panels at the end of one of Jackson’s last X-FACTORs, and I kind of juiced up his physique a bit. I dont believe there was even a character sketch done for him at that point—I planned on making sense of it all later on, Bob Harras said on the character of Apocalypse, He looked fantastic. It tells you right off this character means trouble, and he came with a clear-cut agenda, survival of the fittest. He didnt care if you were a mutant—if you were weak and he was merciless, but his philosophy was easy to grasp and it fit in with the harder edge of evolution which is part and parcel of the mutant story. Isnt that what humans fear about mutants and that they are the next step. Now, we had given mutants something new to fear, a character who would judge them on their genetic worthiness, to his own mind he wasnt evil, he believed he was doing the right thing
23.
HBO
–
Home Box Office is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc. HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service in the United States, in 2014, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.79 billion, compared to the US$1.68 billion it accrued in 2013. HBO has 49 million subscribers in the United States and 130 million worldwide as of 2016, the network provides seven 24-hour multiplex channels, including HBO Comedy, HBO Latino, HBO Signature and HBO Family. It launched the streaming service HBO Now in April 2015, and has over 2 million subscribers in the United States as of February 2017. In addition to its U. S. subscriber base, HBO distributes content in at least 151 countries, HBO subscribers generally pay for an extra tier of service that includes other cable- and satellite-exclusive channels even before paying for the channel itself. Cable providers can require the use of a converter box – usually digital – in order to receive HBO, many HBO programs have been syndicated to other networks and broadcast television stations, and a number of HBO-produced series and films have been released on DVD. The new system, which Dolan named Sterling Information Services, became the first urban underground cable system in the United States. In that same year, Time-Life, Inc. purchased a 20% stake in Dolans company, in the summer of 1971, while on a family vacation in France, Charles Dolan began to think of ideas to make Sterling Manhattan profitable. He came up with the concept for a television service. Dolan later presented his idea to Time-Life management, though satellite distribution seemed only a distant possibility at the time, he persuaded Time-Life to back him on the project. To gauge whether consumers would be interested in subscribing to a pay television service, in a meeting of Dolan and some Time-Life executives who were working on the project, various other names were discussed for the new service. Home Box Office launched on November 8,1972, however, HBOs launch came without fanfare in the press, as it was not covered by any local or national media outlets. Home Box Office distributed its first sports event immediately after the film, Four months later in February 1973, Home Box Office aired its first television special, the Pennsylvania Polka Festival. Home Box Office would use a network of relay towers to distribute its programming to cable systems throughout its service area. Sterling Manhattan Cable continued to lose money because the company had only a small base of 20,000 customers in Manhattan. Time-Life dropped the Sterling name and the company was renamed Manhattan Cable Television under Time-Lifes control in March 1973, Gerald Levin, who had been with Home Box Office since it began operations as its vice president of programming, replaced Dolan as the companys president and chief executive officer. In September 1973, Time-Life, Inc. completed its acquisition of the pay service. HBO would eventually increase its fortunes within two years, by April 1975, the service had around 100,000 subscribers in Pennsylvania and New York state, in 1974, they settled on using a geostationary communications satellite to transmit HBO to cable providers throughout the United States
24.
Show Me a Hero
–
The miniseries was written by David Simon and journalist William F. Zorzi, whom Simon worked with at The Baltimore Sun and on The Wire. It was directed by Paul Haggis, six episodes were ordered by HBO and the miniseries premiered on August 16,2015. Martinelli, a six-term Mayor of Yonkers who is Wasicskos opponent in the election to be mayor of Yonkers Alfred Molina as Henry J. Federal judge Leonard B, the case and resulting politics resulted in national focus on issues of race, class, and housing. Wasicsko faced a hostile city council and entrenched public housing leaders opposed to the desegregation, basic services stopped and parks and libraries were shuttered, with government workers potentially facing mandatory lay-offs. There were protests and Wasicsko and others received death threats, including the sending of single bullets in the mail, the suit was finally settled in May 2007. The Housing Education Relocation Enterprise was an organization that supported the tenants moving into the scattered-site public housing. Wasicskos wife, Nay Wasicsko-McLaughlin, who worked at City Hall during the time of the conflict, was a consultant on the show, Wasicsko-McLaughlin met with Isaac, which Isaac said was vital to the story. In the United States, HBO broadcast the miniseries in 2-hour blocks on consecutive Sunday nights, Simon said that Gail Mutrux, a producer Simon knew from working with her on Homicide, had sent him a copy of Belkins book. In 2001, Simon sent Zorzi, who at time was assistant city editor at The Baltimore Sun, a copy of the book. In 2002, Zorzi quit his job at The Sun and began working on this miniseries, the story was in development for over a decade, with co-writer Zorzi working on the passion project during that time, even as he and Simon were working on The Wire. HBO had an option on the book, but it spent years in script re-writes with Zorzi as Simon, Simon says that Mayor Nick Wasicskos story is what drives the narrative, and that if the characters arc wasnt right, the series would fail. Simon calls Isaac the key to making it work, Yonkers was the very public staging ground. Director Paul Haggis states that when he heard about Simons project, he told his agents to agree his participation, once he had read it, he asked to direct not one or two episodes, as requested, but the entire series. This was the first time that Haggis, who typically both writes and directs his pieces, didnt write the material himself and he said he did this because it was so important to him to work with Simon. The miniseries began shooting on October 1,2014, and wrapped shooting on location January 25,2015, the high concentration was the result of years of concentrated 40+ year old racial covenants prohibiting non-whites from living east of the Parkway. Another Yonkers location was The Grinton I, will branch of the Yonkers Public Library, where scenes of town gatherings were shot. The Cottage Place Gardens was used to substitute for the garden-style Mulford Gardens public housing project, the show also shot at the Yonkers City Hall, in the Yonkers City Council Chambers where actual events took place. Additionally, Haggis said that Mary Dormans house was the actual location, additional Yonkers locations used were The Department of Buildings at 87 Nepperhan Avenue and Oakland Cemetery
25.
Nick Wasicsko
–
Wasicsko was an American politician from New York and the youngest-ever mayor of Yonkers, New York. As mayor he fought for the desegregation of public housing, Wasicsko was born May 13,1959, in Yonkers, to Nicholas and Anne Slota Wasicsko. Wasicsko attended public schools in Yonkers and he graduated from Gorton High School in Yonkers in 1977. Wasicsko graduated from Manhattan College in 1981 with a degree in government, in 1986 and 1987 he served as 7th Ward councilman while simultaneously attending New York Law School, from which he was graduated in 1987, the same year he was elected mayor. He was admitted to the bar in New York and Connecticut, Wasicsko won by a margin of 1,466 votes of the 42,700 cast. The major issue in the 1987 election was the integration of public housing in Yonkers. As a candidate, Wasicsko advocated for resisting the integration by legal appeals. Martinelli and Wasicsko had not taken dramatically opposite positions on the integration dispute, mayor Martinelli had become identified with much of the emotion surrounding the issue, contributing to his loss. As mayor, Wasicsko changed his position when the lawyers told him that the case was hopeless. He did so not because he thought it was right, but because he had no choice, after his death, his executive aide at the time said that He wasnt pro-desegregation, he was pro-compliance. Wasicsko waged a battle to set in motion a housing desegregation plan for the city. On September 9,1988, with the mounting, city services being curtailed, and 630 city employees about to be laid off, the city council relented. As a result of the controversy, Wasicsko lost a bid for re-election as mayor in 1989, once out of office, Wasicsko practiced law, taught at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and hosted a local radio talk show. He returned to elected office in 1992 as 2nd District councilman and he was named Democratic minority leader. In 1993 he made an unsuccessful run for City Council President. Wasicsko was found dead of an apparent suicide at 5,20 p. m. on Friday, October 29,1993, at the age of 34. He was found sitting against a tree on a hill overlooking the grave of his father at Oakland Cemetery in Yonkers with a single gunshot wound in his head. As a former police officer he carried a. 38-caliber pistol, Wasicsko married Nay Noe, a former secretary, on May 18,1991, at St. Casimirs Church in Yonkers
26.
Time (magazine)
–
Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
27.
Time 100
–
Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
28.
Vanity Fair (magazine)
–
Vanity Fair is a magazine of popular culture, fashion, and current affairs published by Condé Nast in the United States. The first version of Vanity Fair was published from 1913 to 1936, the imprint was revived in 1983, and came to include four European editions of the magazine. The current editor is Graydon Carter, Condé Montrose Nast began his empire by purchasing the mens fashion magazine Dress in 1913. He renamed the magazine Dress and Vanity Fair and published four issues in 1913 and it continued to thrive into the twenties. However, it became a casualty of the Great Depression and declining advertising revenues, although its circulation, Condé Nast announced in December 1935 that Vanity Fair would be folded into Vogue as of the March 1936 issue. Condé Nast Publications, under the ownership of S. I. Newhouse, the first issue was released in February 1983, edited by Richard Locke, formerly of The New York Times Book Review. After three issues, Locke was replaced by Leo Lerman, veteran features editor of Vogue and he was followed by editors Tina Brown and Graydon Carter. Regular writers columnists have included Dominick Dunne, Sebastian Junger, Michael Wolff, Maureen Orth and Christopher Hitchens. Amongst the most famous of these was the August 1991 Leibovitz cover featuring a naked, pregnant Demi Moore, in addition to its controversial photography, the magazine also prints articles on a variety of topics. In 1996, journalist Marie Brenner wrote an exposé on the tobacco industry titled The Man Who Knew Too Much, the article was later adapted into a movie The Insider, which starred Al Pacino and Russell Crowe. S. The magazine also features interviews with celebrities, including a monthly Proust Questionnaire. The magazine was the subject of Toby Youngs book, How to Lose Friends and Alienate People, about his search for success, from 1995, the book has been made into a movie, with Jeff Bridges playing Carter. There are currently five international editions of Vanity Fair being published, namely in the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, the British Vanity Fair was first published in 1991. The Italian Vanity Fair was established in October 2003 and celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2013, Vanity Fair Germany launched in February 2007 at a cost of €50 million, then the most expensive new magazine in Germany in years and Condé Nasts biggest investment outside the United States. After circulation had plummeted from half a million to less than 200,000 per week, a French version started in June 2013. The Spanish version of the magazine was first published in Spain in 2008, in April 2015 Condé Nast México y Latinoamerica was to launch Vanity Fair Mexico. As a successor to a similar invitation-only event annually held by the late agent Irving Paul Lazar, during its first years, the magazines Oscar party was co-hosted by producer Steve Tisch at Mortons in West Hollywood. At first, editor Graydon Carter kept the invitation list small, between 2009 and 2013, the party was held at Sunset Tower
29.
Cubans
–
Cubans or Cuban people are the inhabitants or citizens of Cuba. Cuba is a nation, home to people of different ethnic. As a result, some Cubans do not treat their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities, the majority of Cubans descend from Spaniards. The populations in the Spanish colonial era of Cuba, U. S occupation were, the largest urban populations of Cubans in Cuba are to be found in Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín, Guantánamo, and Santa Clara. According to Cubas Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas ONE2012 Census, the population was 11,167,325 including,5,570,825 men and 5,596,500 women, in the 2012 Census 64. 1% or 7,160,399 self-identified as white. The majority of the ancestry of European ancestry comes from Spain, during the 18th, 19th and early part of the 20th century especially, large waves of Canary Islanders, Galicians, Asturians and Catalans emigrated from Spain to Cuba. Other European nationalities which immigrated include, English, Scots, Russians, Poles, Portuguese, Romanians, Italians, Greeks, French, Germans and Irish. Central and Eastern European influence was mostly during the Cold War years and immigration from the British Isles was mostly in Pinar del Rio Province, there is a small remnant of a Jewish community. There is also significant ethnic influx from diverse Levantine peoples, especially Lebanese, Palestinians, in the 2012 Census 64. 1% or 7,160,399 self-identified as white. Afro-Cubans composed 9. 3% of the population in 2012, just over 1 million Cubans described themselves as Black, while 2.9 million considered themselves to be mulatto or mestizo. Thus a significant proportion of living on the island affirm some sub-Saharan African ancestry. Recently, many African immigrants have been coming to Cuba, especially from Angola, Cubans of East Asian origins made up 1. 02% of the population. They are mostly of Chinese, Japanese or Korean origins, the Chinese population in Cuba is descended mostly from indentured laborers who arrived in the 19th century to build railroads and work in mines. After the Industrial Revolution, many of these stayed in Cuba because they could not afford return passage to China. Of the Taínos the number of people claiming descent have not been formally recorded, most, however, live on the eastern part of the island. As a result, descendants of the Calusa, Tequesta, Timucua, the total population in the official 1953 Census was 5,829,029 people. Intermarriage between diverse groups is so general as to be the rule, Cubas birth rate is one of the lowest in the Western Hemisphere. Immigration and emigration have had effects on the demographic profile of Cuba during the 20th century
30.
Pulmonology
–
Pulmonology is a medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. The term is derived from the Latin word pulmō, pulmōnis, pulmonology is synonymous with pneumology, respirology and respiratory medicine. Pulmonology is known as chest medicine and respiratory medicine in some countries, pulmonology is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonology often involves managing patients who need support and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, in the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, and Australia the term respiratory physician is used to distinguish a physician that practices pulmonology. In Canada, respirology and respirologist are used, surgery of the respiratory tract is generally performed by specialists in cardiothoracic surgery, though minor procedures may be performed by pulmonologists. As mentioned above, pulmonology is closely related to critical care medicine when dealing with patients who require mechanical ventilation, as a result, many pulmonologists are certified to practice critical care medicine in addition to pulmonary medicine. There are fellowship programs that allow physicians to become certified in pulmonary. Interventional pulmonology is a new field within pulmonary medicine that deals with the use of procedures such as bronchoscopy to treat several pulmonary diseases. Interventional pulmonology is yet recognized as a specific medical specialty. Inspection of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, palpation of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement. Percussion of the fields for dullness or hyper-resonance. Auscultation of the fields for diminished or unusual breath sounds. Rales or rhonchi heard over lung fields with a stethoscope, as many heart diseases can give pulmonary signs, a thorough cardiac investigation is usually included. Sometimes arterial blood gas measurements are also required, spirometry the determination of maximum airflow at a given lung volume as measured by breathing into a dedicated machine, this is the key test to diagnose airflow obstruction. Pulmonologists often perform specialized procedures to get samples from the inside of the chest or inside of the lung and they use radiographic techniques to view vasculature of the lungs and heart to assist with diagnosis. Medication is the most important treatment of most diseases of pulmonology, a common example being the usage of inhalers in the treatment of inflammatory lung conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxygen therapy is necessary in severe respiratory disease
31.
Florida
–
Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
32.
Evangelicalism
–
Its origins are usually traced back to English Methodism, the Moravian Church, and German Lutheran Pietism. While all these phenomena contributed greatly, John Wesley and other early Methodists were at the root of sparking this new movement during the First Great Awakening, today, Evangelicals are found across many Protestant branches, as well as in various denominations not subsumed to a specific branch. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones. The movement gained momentum during the 18th and 19th centuries with the Great Awakenings in the United Kingdom. The Americas, Africa, and Asia are home to the majority of Evangelicals, United States has the largest concentration of Evangelicals in the world, its community forms a quarter of the population, is politically important and based mostly in the Bible Belt. In the United Kingdom, Evangelicals are mostly represented in the Methodist Church, Baptist communities, Evangelicalism, a major part of popular Protestantism, is among the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world, alongside resurgent Islam. While on the rise globally, the world is particularly influenced by its spread. The first published use of evangelical in English came in 1531 when William Tyndale wrote He exhorteth them to proceed constantly in the evangelical truth. One year later Sir Thomas More produced the earliest recorded use in reference to a theological distinction when he spoke of Tyndale his evangelical brother Barns, during the Reformation, Protestant theologians embraced the label as referring to gospel truth. Martin Luther referred to the evangelische Kirche to distinguish Protestants from Catholics in the Roman Catholic Church, into the 21st century, evangelical has continued in use as a synonym for Protestant in continental Europe, and elsewhere. This usage is reflected in the names of Protestant denominations such as the Evangelical Church in Germany, the term may also occur outside any religious context to characterize a generic missionary, reforming, or redeeming impulse or purpose. For example, the Times Literary Supplement refers to the rise, one influential definition of Evangelicalism has been proposed by historian David Bebbington. Conversionism, or belief in the necessity of being again, has been a constant theme of Evangelicalism since its beginnings. To Evangelicals, the message of the gospel is justification by faith in Christ and repentance, or turning away. Conversion differentiates the Christian from the non-Christian, and the change in life it leads to is marked by both a rejection of sin and a corresponding personal holiness of life. A conversion experience can be emotional, including grief and sorrow for sin followed by great relief at receiving forgiveness, the stress on conversion is further differentiated from other forms of Protestantism by the belief that an assurance of salvation will accompany conversion. Among Evangelicals, individuals have testified to both sudden and gradual conversions, biblicism is reverence for the Bible and a high regard for biblical authority. All Evangelicals believe in inspiration, though they disagree over how this inspiration should be defined
33.
Green Day
–
Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool. Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016. Green Day was originally part of the scene at the DIY924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley. The bands early releases were with the independent record label Lookout, in 1994, its major label debut Dookie became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U. S. The bands rock opera, American Idiot, reignited the bands popularity with a younger generation, the bands eighth studio album, 21st Century Breakdown, was released in 2009 and achieved the bands best chart performance to date. 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡Uno, ¡Dos. and ¡Tré. which were released in September, November and December 2012 respectively. The bands twelfth album, Revolution Radio was released on October 7,2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide, in 2010, a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards, Best Musical, Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design, losing only the first, also in 2010, Green Day was ranked no.91 in the VH1 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. On April 18,2015, the band was inducted into the Rock, in 1986, friends Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt,14 years old at the time, formed a band called Sweet Children. The groups first live performance took place on October 17,1987, at Rods Hickory Pit in Vallejo, in 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as Al Sobrante. As said in the film Punks Not Dead, Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy as an influence. In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout, Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In 1989, the band recorded its debut extended play,1,000 Hours, before 1,000 Hours was released, the group dropped the name Sweet Children, according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby. The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the fondness for cannabis. Released Green Days debut studio album, 39/Smooth in early 1990, Records re-released 39/Smooth under the name 1, 039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, and added the songs from the bands first two EPs, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours. In late 1990, shortly after the bands first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California
34.
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones
–
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones are an American ska punk band from Boston, Massachusetts, formed in 1983. Since the bands inception, lead vocalist Dicky Barrett, bassist Joe Gittleman, tenor saxophonist Tim Johnny Vegas Burton, the line-up also includes drummer Joe Sirois, saxophonist Kevin Lenear, guitarist Lawrence Katz and trombonist Chris Rhodes. The Bosstones are often credited as one of the progenitors of the genre of ska punk, the band had released seven studio albums, three EPs and a live album by the time they announced a hiatus in December 2003. In 2007, the Bosstones reunited to resume recording and touring, from 1994-2002, and since 2007, they have hosted the annual Hometown Throwdown music festival. The bands roots lay in the scene of the early 1980s along with a strong influence from the British 2 Tone ska scene of the 1970s. Bassist Joe Gittleman played with local hardcore band Gang Green, while vocalist Dicky Barrett was a member of Impact Unit and, later on, the Cheap Skates lineup went through frequent changes and would feature members of Gang Green on occasion. It was through the Cheap Skates that a core lineup coalesced around Barrett, Gittleman, Tim Johnny Vegas Burton, Nate Albert, Josh Dalsimer, Tim Bridewell, the group decided on the name, the Bosstones as a reference to the city near their hometowns. In 1987, the Bosstones made their recorded debut when they were featured on the Mash It Up ska compilation, the Bosstones contribution was The Cave, and Ugly. Another early recording, Drums and Chickens, appeared on the 1989 ska compilation Mashin Up The Nation, by the time Mashin Up The Nation was released, the Bosstones had temporarily disbanded in order for Albert and Gittleman to finish high school. After their graduation, the band reunited, around this time, it was brought to the bands attention that an a cappella group, The Bosstones, had already used the name during the 1950s. A bartender friend arbitrarily suggested that they become the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, in order to any possible legal hassles. Despite not consistently drawing large crowds at their shows, the Taang. Record label gave the band a contract which would result in the Devils Night Out album. The album was released to local and lukewarm national reaction during a time when ska was struggling to move out of the American underground. The band found resistance from ska purists who did not like that the band were not playing traditional ska while hardcore fans were against the ska, despite the initial reaction, Devils Night Out has gone on to become one of the bands most popular albums. It was during this time that the bands trademark plaid clothing came to be, after a show where Barrett wore plaid, fans started to show up wearing it as well. It was noticeable enough that the band was approached by the Converse sneaker company to promote their new line of Chuck Taylor sneakers, the band accepted the proposal and were seen in several television commercials promoting the sneakers. By this time, Tim Bridewell had left the band, to be replaced by Dennis Brockenborough, the bands next release was an EP titled Whered You Go
35.
Straight edge
–
Straight edge is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in reaction to the excesses of punk subculture. For some, this extends to refraining from engaging in sex, following a vegetarian or vegan diet. The term straight edge was adopted from the 1981 song Straight Edge by the punk band Minor Threat. Straight edge emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene, since then, a wide variety of beliefs and ideas have been associated with some members of the movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights. Ross Haenfler writes that as of the late 1990s, approximately three out of four straight edge participants were vegetarian or vegan, disagreements often arise as to the primary reasons for living straight edge. Straight edge politics are primarily left-wing and revolutionary but there have been conservative offshoots, in 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that straight edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s. Bent edge began as a counter-movement to straight edge by members of the Washington, D. C. hardcore scene who were frustrated by the rigidity and intolerance in the scene. During the youth crew era, which started in the mid-1980s, by the early 1990s, militant straight edge was a well-known part of the wider punk scene. In the early to mid-1990s, straight edge spread from the United States to Northern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, by the beginning of the 2000s, militant straight edge punks had largely left the broader straight edge culture and movement. While some straight edge groups are treated as a gang by law enforcement officials, Straight edge has often been approached with skepticism and hostility, despite the ideologically less dogmatic and more multifaceted character of contemporary straight edge. In the 1970s, the subculture was associated with the use of intoxicative inhalants. In 1999, William Tsitsos wrote that straight edge had gone through three eras since its founding in the early 1980s, later analysts have identified another era that has taken place since Tsitsoss writing. Straight edge grew out of punk in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Straight edge individuals of this era often associated with the original punk ideals such as individualism, disdain for work and school. Straight edge sentiments can be found in songs by the early 1980s band Minor Threat and this anti-inebriation movement had been developing in punk prior to Minor Threat, but their song Straight Edge was influential in giving the scene a name, and something of a figurehead. Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye is often credited with birthing the Straight edge name and movement, Straight edge sentiments can also be found in the song Keep it Clean by English punk band The Vibrators, and the 1970s Modern Lovers song Im Straight. As one of the few prominent 1970s hard rock icons to explicitly eschew alcohol and drug use, Straight edge started on the East Coast of the United States in Washington D. C. and quickly spread throughout the United States and Canada. By the 1980s, bands on the West Coast, such as Americas Hardcore, Stalag 13, Justice League, in the early stages of this subcultures history, concerts often consisted of both punk bands and straight edge bands
36.
All About the Benjamins
–
The film was released in theaters in March 2002 to negative reviews, with critics criticizing the plot, violence, and crude humor, while the audience praised the film. Despite this, the film was a box office hit. The films title was taken from the popular 1997 hip-hop song performed by P. Diddy Its All About the Benjamins, ice Cube and Mike Epps also starred together in the Friday series and the film Janky Promoters. Bucum manages to tackle Lil Js girlfriend and arrest Lil J. Bucums boss Martinez, however, is not pleased with Bucum, Bucum sees Reggie at a convenience store but fails to catch him after a long chase through Miami. Meanwhile, during a photoshoot, diamond thieves Julian and Ursula are posing as a photographer, the duo murder the co-photographer, the makeup artist and Barkleys bodyguards, much to Barkleys surprise. Barkley is then shot in the head after a dialogue with Julian for murdering the witnesses. They then retrieve diamonds from the shoot, Bucum tracks down Reggie again and chases him until he remains unnoticed since he is hidden in a van. The thieves comes down, upon running into him instantly by accident, shoots at Bucum, who back in response. In a boatyard, the thieves finds Reggie in the van and shoot at him when he escapes, leaving his wallet behind, at the crime scene, Martinez is fed up of Bucums attempts and orders him to stay away from Reggie. In Reggies apartment, Reggie and his girlfriend Gina eventually win the lottery, only to find out that Reggie lost the latter, which was in Reggies wallet. In the boatyard, Julian and Ursula are yelled at by their boss Williamson, out of frustration of not getting the diamonds, Williamson responds by shooting Julian in the arm, severely wounding him, which is later enclosed in an arm brace. Reggie is soon captured by Bucum during an attempt to retrieve his wallet and while in the car, Reggie manages to convince Bucum to find his wallet, Julian, in a psychopathic state, goes after Reggie. He arrives at the apartment, and is knocked unconscious by Bucum, the duo then decides to torture Julian into answers by pending a screwdriver into Julians arm brace, which can rip through his skin. Bucum awaits in the boatyard of Williamsons boat dealership and poses as a customer and this soon fails, so the duo decides to go to the Barkley residence. At the house, they find a dead Mrs. Barkley, a man named Roscoe who was the one who murdered Mrs. Barkley and they return to Bucums apartment and discover that Williamson has kidnapped Gina. In response, they roll a car into Williamsons boat dealership with Julian and Roscoe, tied up, willamson finds a tape recorder that informs him to meet Reggie and Bucum at a dog track with Gina to exchange for the diamonds. During the chase, Williamson pulls out a bazooka and opens fire, missing Bucum, Reggie, Gina and Pam and he escapes, and Bucum and Reggie are so fed up with the plan that they decide to break up their partnership. Pam convinces Bucum to talk to Reggie and they make up again, the duo tracks Williamson to a boat dock in which Gina and Pam await behind them in the car
37.
Law & Order: Criminal Intent
–
Law & Order, Criminal Intent is an American police procedural television drama series set in New York City, where it was also primarily produced. Created and produced by Dick Wolf and René Balcer, the series premiered on September 30,2001, Criminal Intent focuses on the investigations of the Major Case Squad in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department set in New York Citys One Police Plaza. In the style of the original Law & Order, episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on a crime that received media attention. The series aired on NBC for the first six seasons but was moved to the NBCUniversal-owned USA Network starting with the season to share costs. During its NBC run, each episode aired on USA the week after its original NBC airing, the series ended on June 26,2011, after 10 seasons comprising 195 episodes. The Major Case Squad investigates high-profile cases such as those involving VIPs, local government officials and employees, the industry. The series pays attention to the actions and motives of the criminals, rather than focusing exclusively on the police and prosecutions. A feature of each Criminal Intent episode is that the cold open always involves a series of cut-scenes that show events from the suspects and victims lives, clues to the crimes eventual solution can often be found in this teaser sequence. Unlike other Law & Order series, most Criminal Intent episodes end in confessions rather than continuing to the trial phase, seasons 1-4 and 10 focus on Detectives Robert Bobby Goren and Alexandra Eames as the primary detectives in every episode. After season 7, Mike Logan retired from the NYPD and was replaced with Detective Zack Nichols until season 10, the UK-aired version of Law & Order, Criminal Intent features the song Theres Only Me by Rob Dougan in the opening credits. Another Rob Dougan track, Im Not Driving Anymore, is used as the theme for Law & Order and Law & Order, from season 6 the UK-aired version theme is Urban Warfare by Paul Dinletir. Law & Order, Criminal Intent was created in 2001 by René Balcer, Balcer served as the shows executive producer, showrunner, and head writer for its first five seasons. The show dominated its time slot on Sundays at 9,00 p. m. for its first three seasons, and was often the highest-rated show of the night, with an average audience of 15.5 million viewers. The show aired Sundays on NBC, with each episode being repeated on USA Network the following Saturday. Beginning in Season 4, it faced new competition from ABCs night-time soap opera Desperate Housewives. Balcer left the show at the end of Season 5, and the show was handed off to Warren Leight, under Leights leadership, the show acquired a new, more melodramatic tone. The mystery aspect of the show was simplified in favor of personal stories involving the detectives. For example, Goren endured his mothers battle with cancer
38.
Keisha Castle-Hughes
–
Keisha Castle-Hughes is a New Zealand actress who rose to prominence for playing Paikea Pai Apirana in the film Whale Rider. Since she made her debut, Castle-Hughes has appeared in various films including Hey, Hey, Its Esther Blueburger, Piece of My Heart and Star Wars. She also played the role of the Virgin Mary in the 2006 film The Nativity Story. In 2015, she joined the cast of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones in Season 5 as Obara Sand, Castle-Hughes was born in 1990 in Donnybrook, Western Australia, to a Māori mother, Desrae Hughes, and Tim Castle, an Anglo-Australian father. Her family moved to Auckland, New Zealand when she was four years old, Castle-Hughes attended Penrose High School and graduated from Senior College of New Zealand in Auckland. In 2002, Castle-Hughes made her debut in the film Whale Rider, due to not having any previous acting experience, she went directly from her Auckland school classroom to the film set when the shoot began in New Zealand in late 2001. Castle-Hughes received widespread acclaim for her performance, and in 2004 she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress at the 76th Academy Awards. She soon followed the role by appearing in Princes controversial Cinnamon Girl music video, in 2004, Castle-Hughes was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 2005, Castle-Hughes had a part as Queen Apailana in Star Wars. In 2006, she portrayed the role of the Virgin Mary in The Nativity Story. New York Times critic, A. O. Scott, said that she seemed entirely unfazed by the demands of playing Mary. She had the poise and intelligence to play the character not as an icon of maternity, the Christian-themed film earned only $8 million during its opening week, but its box office surged during the week of Christmas. In 2008 Castle-Hughes appeared in the Australian comedy-drama film Hey, Hey, Its Esther Blueburger and she reunited with New Zealand director Niki Caro for the film adaption of The Vintners Luck, which had its international premiere in September 2009. She starred in the Japanese horror film Vampire, and she played a recurring role as Axls flatmate in The Almighty Johnsons which premiered in 2011. In 2011 Castle-Hughes also played a part in the film Red Dog as Rosa the veterinary assistant. In 2014 Keisha had a guest role in the American television series The Walking Dead in which she played Joan, in 2015 she joined the cast of the HBO TV series Game of Thrones in Season 5 as Obara Sand. She pursued a role on the show in part because she is a fan of the books, Castle-Hughes found out that she had won the role the night the Season 4 episode The Mountain and the Viper aired, in which her on-screen fathers death was shown. She described having an intense emotional reaction to the scene
39.
The Public Theater
–
It is headquartered at 425 Lafayette Street in the former Astor Library in the East Village section of Lower Manhattan. The venue opened in 1967, mounting the world-premiere production of the musical HAIR as its first show and it is led by Artistic Director Oskar Eustis and Executive Director Patrick Willingham. The Public also operates the Delacorte Theater in Central Park, where it presents Shakespeare in the Park, New York natives and visitors alike have been enjoying free Shakespeare in Central Park since performances began in 1954. In addition to each season of full-scale theatrical productions, The Public also produces a number of different series, festivals, in 2008, The Public presented its inaugural Public LAB series, an annual series of new plays presented in collaboration with LAByrinth Theater Company. With each Public LAB show, corresponding speaker series are presented as after-show talkbacks to discuss prominent themes, ideas, the premiere production of Public LAB SHAKESPEARE was Timon of Athens in March 2011, featuring Richard Thomas in the title role. Past venues include Rikers Island, Borden Avenues Veterans Shelter, the Public also launched its inaugural Public Works production in 2013. Past Public Works productions include The Tempest, The Winters Tale, the Public Forum, begun in 2010, is an exciting series of lectures, debates and conversations that showcase leading voices in the arts, politics and the media. Curated by Jeremy McCarter, a writer at Newsweek, Public Forum events explore issues raised by plays in The Publics season. In keeping with the best traditions of The Public, the Forum hosts a diversity of views. Notable participants in the series include Stephen Sondheim, Tony Kushner, Arianna Huffington, Alec Baldwin, the Public hosts the annual Under the Radar Festival, a festival tracking new theater from around the world. Over the last 12 years, The Public’s Under the Radar Festival has presented over 194 companies from 40 countries. These artists provide a snapshot of theater today, richly distinct in terms of perspectives, aesthetics, and social practice, the Public serves as the home of the Emerging Writers Group, which seeks to target playwrights at the earliest stages in their careers. In so doing, The Public hopes to create a home for a diverse. The Public Writers Initiative creates a community and fosters a web of supportive artistic relationships across generations. The Emerging Writers Group is a component of The Public Writers Initiative, the Public also fosters Public Studio, a performance series dedicated to developing the works of new and emerging theater artists. The Public Theater invests in education, training classical actors through the annual summer acting intensive known as the Shakespeare Lab. The Public also educates through its Shakespeare Spring Break, Summer ShakeUP, suzan-Lori Parks, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and Master Writer Chair of The Public, debuted her performance piece Watch Me Work as part of the 2011 Under The Radar Festival. As of April 2011, Parks continues to perform the piece in the lobby of The Public Theater
40.
Shakespeare in the Park festivals
–
Shakespeare in the Park is a term for outdoor festivals featuring productions of William Shakespeares plays. The term originated with the New York Shakespeare Festival in New York Citys Central Park and this concept has been adapted by many theatre companies, and over time, this name has expanded to encompass outdoor theatre productions of the playwrights works performed all over the world. Shakespeare in the Park started as an idea to make available to people of all walks of life. The performances are more often than not free admission to the general public and these types of performances can be seen by audiences around the world, with most festivals adapting the name for their productions, such as Vancouvers Bard on the Beach. Many festivals incorporate workshops, food, and other additions to the making this type of theatre experience an interactive community event. The Montford Park Players, a community company, has been staging free Shakespeare productions in Asheville. The productions were first staged at a park on Montford Avenue and, in 1993, moved to its current location. The Baltimore Shakespeare Festival present productions outdoors each summer in the Meadow at the Evergreen Museum & Library, commonwealth Shakespeare Company presents professional productions of Shakespeare in Boston Common. The first production was in 1996 at Copley Square, a year later the program was moved to the Commons, first at the Parkman Bandstand, Shakespeare in Delaware Park describes itself as the United States 2nd largest Shakespeare festival. It is held in Buffalo, New Yorks Delaware Park, Cincinnati Shakespeare Company originally was incorporated under the name Fahrenheit Theatre Company. Beginning with a grant in 1993, Cincinnati Shakespeare Company is a professional theatre company in the heart of downtown Cincinnatis Backstage district. They perform the classics as well as rarely seen works, the Cincinnati Shakespeare Company annually presents the Shakespeare in the Park summer tour. The Cleveland Shakespeare Festival offers the only free outdoor Shakespearean performance in Cleveland, inspired by the New York Shakespeare Festival, Robert Bob Glenn started The Shakespeare Festival of Dallas in 1971 as a free summer Shakespeare Festival. Renamed Shakespeare Dallas in 2005, the company produces three free Shakespeare productions each summer at the Samuel-Grand Amphitheatre in Lakewood, the Hudson Shakespeare Company, founded by L. Robert Johnson in 1992, features a summer season where the company stages productions for each month of the summer. Besides Shakespeare standards such as Hamlet and A Midsummer Nights Dream, they often produce one to two lesser done productions a season such as The Two Noble Kinsmen, Cardenio and Henry VIII. Based in Jersey City, NJ, they tour as part of their summer season to other New Jersey locations such as Fort Lee, Hackensack, Kenilworth, Hoboken, West Milford and also to Stratford. The Heart of America Shakespeare Festival was founded by Tony winning Broadway producer Marilyn Strauss in 1993 at the urging of Joe Papp with a production of The Tempest in Southmoreland Park. In 1998, they began to produce two productions per year, with a total of 23 production at the start of the 2011 season, Kentucky Shakespeare Festival is a non-profit, professional theatre company in Louisville, Kentucky that produces and performs the works of William Shakespeare
41.
Romeo and Juliet
–
Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeares most popular plays during his lifetime and along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays, today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562, Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text of the first quarto version was of quality, however. Shakespeares use of his dramatic structure has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. The play ascribes different poetic forms to different characters, sometimes changing the form as the character develops, Romeo, for example, grows more adept at the sonnet over the course of the play. Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical, during the English Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garricks 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, Performances in the 19th century, including Charlotte Cushmans, restored the original text and focused on greater realism. John Gielguds 1935 version kept very close to Shakespeares text and used Elizabethan costumes, the play, set in Verona, Italy, begins with a street brawl between Montague and Capulet servants who, like their masters, are sworn enemies. Prince Escalus of Verona intervenes and declares that further breach of the peace will be punishable by death, later, Count Paris talks to Capulet about marrying his daughter Juliet, but Capulet asks Paris to wait another two years and invites him to attend a planned Capulet ball. Lady Capulet and Juliets nurse try to persuade Juliet to accept Pariss courtship, meanwhile, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo, Montagues son, about Romeos recent depression. Benvolio discovers that it stems from unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, one of Capulets nieces, persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, Romeo attends the ball at the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline. However, Romeo instead meets and falls in love with Juliet, Juliets cousin, Tybalt, is enraged at Romeo for sneaking into the ball but is only stopped from killing Romeo by Juliets father, who does not wish to shed blood in his house. Romeo makes himself known to her and they agree to be married, with the help of Friar Laurence, who hopes to reconcile the two families through their childrens union, they are secretly married the next day. Tybalt, meanwhile, still incensed that Romeo had sneaked into the Capulet ball, Romeo, now considering Tybalt his kinsman, refuses to fight. Mercutio is offended by Tybalts insolence, as well as Romeos vile submission, Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to break up the fight
42.
Two Gentlemen of Verona (musical)
–
Two Gentlemen of Verona is a rock musical, with a book by John Guare and Mel Shapiro, lyrics by Guare and music by Galt MacDermot, based on the Shakespeare comedy of the same name. The original Broadway production, in 1971, won the Tony Awards for Best Musical, a London production followed in 1973. The Public Theater revived the piece in 2005, lifelong friends Proteus and Valentine leave their rural hometown to experience life in urban Milan. Valentine falls in love with Sylvia, whose father has betrothed her against her will to the wealthy but undesirable Thurio, disregarding his loyalty to Valentine and Julia, his sweetheart back home, Proteus also sets his sights on Sylvia. He plans to expose his friends intentions to her father, have Valentine banished from Milan, james Theatre, where it ran for 614 performances. The cast included Raul Julia, Clifton Davis, Jonelle Allen and Diana Davila in the leads, Stockard Channing, the musical won two Tony Awards including Best Musical over such shows as Grease and Follies. A West End production was mounted at the Phoenix Theatre beginning on April 26,1973, the original London cast included B. J. Arnau, Ray C. Davis, Jean Gilbert, Derek Griffiths, Benny Lee, Michael Staniforth, the New Jersey Shakespeare Festival revived the piece in 1996, directed by Robert Duke and starring Philip Hernandez and Dana M. Reeve. The musical was revived by the Public Theater in their Shakespeare in the Park series for a limited run, from August 28,2005 to September 11,2005 at the Delacorte Theater. Kathleen Marshall directed and choreographed, and the cast featured Norm Lewis, Oscar Isaac, Rosario Dawson, Renée Elise Goldsberry, Paolo Montalban, Mel Johnson Jr. and John Cariani. Critic Ben Brantley, in The New York Times, compared the production to a fruity sangría, praising the cast. He wrote that the wayward characters were not without parallels among the lotus-eating youth of the post-Woodstock years – a comparison that Messrs. Shapiro, Guare and MacDermot made canny use of and they also scaled down Shakespeares passages of poetic pain for an approach that emphasized an easygoing, multicultural exuberance over wistful poetry and nonsense over sensibility. Lack the variety of his score for Hair, and the lyricism Mr. Guare is known for as a playwright is rarely in evidence in his clunky work here as a lyricist. For 1971 Broadway audiences, which were more New Yorkers than tourists, theaters producing the show now have a choice between using Howl or Mansion. Two Gentlemen of Verona at the Internet Broadway Database Centre Stage production The Guide to Musical Theatre Two Gentlemen of Verona
43.
AACTA Awards
–
The Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts Awards, known as the AACTA Awards, are presented annually by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts. The awards recognise excellence of professionals in the film and television industry and it is the most prestigious awards ceremony for the Australian film and television industry. They are generally considered to be the Australian counterpart of the Academy Awards, the awards, previously called Australian Film Institute Awards or AFI Awards, began in 1958 and involved 30 nominations across six categories. They expanded in 1986 to cover television as well as film, the AACTA Awards were instituted in 2011. As of 2011, the Australian awards take place at the Sydney Opera House in Sydney and they were instituted in 1958, as a way to improve the impoverished state of Australian cinema, and was part of the Melbourne International Film Festival until 1972. Between 1958–1980, submitted films were presented with a gold, silver or bronze prize, and in some circumstances, a Grand Prix award, which was the highest honour a film could receive. Additionally, films were presented with a gold or silver medallion for technical achievements. Up until 1970, prizes were handed out in recognition of the film and production, rather than achievements of individual filmmakers and crafts people. In 1977 feature film categories became competitive, while non-feature films continued to be awarded the gold, silver and bronze prizes until 1981, in 1976 the awards were broadcast live on television for the first time on the Nine Network at the Hilton Hotel in Melbourne. In 1986 television categories were introduced, presenting awards for mini-series and telefeatures before expanding to dramas, in June 2011, the AFI announced an industry consultation for an Australian Academy. The aim of the Academy is to create awareness for Australian film in local and international markets, the name of the new Academy was revealed on 18 August 2011 as the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, with the awards renamed to the AACTA Awards. The date change was made to align the awards with the awards season. At the time of the inception, a jury of five judges, composed of film critics and filmmakers. In 1976, the system was replaced by a peer voting process for feature films which would allow public members the right to vote in the Best Film category. The nominees and winners were later peer-voted by a jury which was made up of representatives from all industry crafts, including members of guilds, who have a professional membership with the AFI. When the AFI announced the launch of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts, the fifteen Chapters consist of professionals from industry guilds and organisations including actors, producers, directors and screenwriters. All television and non-feature film awards, and feature film pre-selection are determined by juries, members of the Australian Film Institute are eligible to vote in the Best Short Fiction Film, Best Short Animation and Audience Choice award categories only. The votes are audited by accounting firm Ernst and Young from 2011, throughout the history of the awards there have been several differently designed awards given to winners
44.
Che Guevara
–
Ernesto Che Guevara was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous symbol of rebellion. As a young student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. Additionally, he was a writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. In accordance with the flexibility allowed in Spanish naming customs, his name will sometimes appear with de la Serna and/or Lynch accompanying it. Referring to Ches restless nature, his father declared the first thing to note is that in my sons veins flowed the blood of the Irish rebels, very early on in life, Ernestito developed an affinity for the poor. Growing up in a family with leftist leanings, Guevara was introduced to a spectrum of political perspectives even as a boy. His father, a supporter of Republicans from the Spanish Civil War. He was a rugby union player, and played at fly-half for Club Universitario de Buenos Aires. His rugby playing earned him the nickname Fuser—a contraction of El Furibundo and his mothers surname, Guevara learned chess from his father and began participating in local tournaments by age 12. He could also recite Rudyard Kiplings If— and José Hernándezs Martín Fierro by heart. Additionally, he enjoyed the works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Vladimir Lenin, and Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as Anatole France, Friedrich Engels, H. G. Wells, and Robert Frost. As he grew older, he developed an interest in the Latin American writers Horacio Quiroga, Ciro Alegría, Jorge Icaza, Rubén Darío, many of these authors ideas he cataloged in his own handwritten notebooks of concepts, definitions, and philosophies of influential intellectuals. These included composing analytical sketches of Buddha and Aristotle, along with examining Bertrand Russell on love and patriotism, Jack London on society, sigmund Freuds ideas fascinated him as he quoted him on a variety of topics from dreams and libido to narcissism and the Oedipus complex. His favorite subjects in school included philosophy, mathematics, engineering, political science, sociology, history, in 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine. The first expedition in 1950 was a 4, 500-kilometer solo trip through the provinces of northern Argentina on a bicycle on which he installed a small engine
