Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
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Otto IV was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218.
Otto IV and Pope Innocent III shake hands
Statues of Otto IV & Maria of Brabant, old city hall, Braunschweig, c. 1455.
Battle of Bouvines
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The Battle of Bouvines was fought on 27 July 1214 near the town of Bouvines in the County of Flanders. It was the concluding battle of the Anglo-French War of 1213–1214. Although estimates on the number of troops vary considerably among modern historians, at Bouvines, a French army commanded by King Philip Augustus routed a larger allied army led by Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV in one of the rare pitched battles of the High Middle Ages and one of the most decisive medieval engagements.
La Bataille de Bouvines, by Horace Vernet in 1827. (Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles).
Pre-battle dispositions.
The capture of Ferdinand, Count of Flanders in an illustration of the battle made around 1330.
Ferrand of Flanders and Renaud of Boulogne being conveyed as prisoners to Paris (from the Grandes Chroniques de France, c. 1375–1380). Ferrand was released in 1227 and died soon after of a disease contracted in prison. Renaud was kept in chains and committed suicide in 1227.