1.
Public broadcasting
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Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In much of the world, funding comes from the government, the great majority are operated as private not-for-profit corporations. Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated, depending on the country, in some countries, public broadcasting is run by a single organization. Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages, historically, public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries. Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of countries, the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century. The primary mission of public broadcasting that of service, speaking to. The British model has been accepted as a universal definition. In the context of a national identity, the role of public broadcasting may be unclear. Likewise, the nature of good programming may raise the question of individual or public taste. Within public broadcasting there are two different views regarding commercial activity, one is that public broadcasting is incompatible with commercial objectives. The other is that public broadcasting can and should compete in the marketplace with commercial broadcasters and this dichotomy is highlighted by the public service aspects of traditional commercial broadcasters. Public broadcasters in each jurisdiction may or may not be synonymous with government controlled broadcasters, in some countries like the UK public broadcasters are not sanctioned by government departments and have independent means of funding, and thus enjoy editorial independence. Public broadcasters may receive their funding from a television licence fee, individual contributions. One of the principles of broadcasting is to provide coverage of interests for which there are missing or small markets. Public broadcasting attempts to supply topics of social benefit that are not provided by commercial broadcasters. Typically, such underprovision is argued to exist when the benefits to viewers are relatively high in comparison to the benefits to advertisers from contacting viewers and this frequently is the case in undeveloped countries that normally have low benefits to advertising. Additionally, public broadcasting may facilitate the implementation of a cultural policy, examples include, The Canadian government is committed to official bilingualism. As a result, the broadcaster, the CBC employs translators
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
Mexico
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Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States, to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers, Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area, Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana, pre-Columbian Mexico was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec before first contact with Europeans. In 1521, the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Three centuries later, this territory became Mexico following recognition in 1821 after the colonys Mexican War of Independence. The tumultuous post-independence period was characterized by instability and many political changes. The Mexican–American War led to the cession of the extensive northern borderlands, one-third of its territory. The Pastry War, the Franco-Mexican War, a civil war, the dictatorship was overthrown in the Mexican Revolution of 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the countrys current political system. Mexico has the fifteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest by purchasing power parity, the Mexican economy is strongly linked to those of its North American Free Trade Agreement partners, especially the United States. Mexico was the first Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and it is classified as an upper-middle income country by the World Bank and a newly industrialized country by several analysts. By 2050, Mexico could become the fifth or seventh largest economy. The country is considered both a power and middle power, and is often identified as an emerging global power. Due to its culture and history, Mexico ranks first in the Americas. Mexico is a country, ranking fourth in the world by biodiversity. In 2015 it was the 9th most visited country in the world, Mexico is a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8+5, the G20, the Uniting for Consensus and the Pacific Alliance. Mēxihco is the Nahuatl term for the heartland of the Aztec Empire, namely, the Valley of Mexico, and its people, the Mexica and this became the future State of Mexico as a division of New Spain prior to independence. It is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley became the primary ethnonym for the Aztec Triple Alliance as a result. After New Spain won independence from Spain, representatives decided to name the new country after its capital and this was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient Mexica capital of Mexico-Tenochtitlan
5.
Advertising slogan
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Advertising slogans are short, memorable groups of words used in advertising campaigns. The advertising phrases are means of drawing attention to one distinctive feature, the purpose is to emphasize a phrase that an entity wishes to be remembered by, Particularly, for marketing a specific corporate image, Or, connection to a business product or consumer base. Some slogans are created just for specific campaigns, others are intended as a corporate slogan. Various slogans start out as the former, and are, over time, some advertising slogans are memorable after general use is discontinued. According to the 1913 Websters Dictionary, a slogan derives from the Gaelic sluagh-ghairm and it has come to mean in its contemporary sense, a distinctive advertising motto, or advertising phrase, used by any entity to convey a purpose or ideal, Or, a catchphrase. Taglines, tag lines, or tags are American terms for public communication promoting products. In the UK they are called end lines, endlines, or straplines, in Japan, they are called catchcopy or catch phrase. A marketing slogan can play a part in the interplay between rival companies and it is a business function for attracting customers. Advertising slogans as a system of control include devices similar to watchwords, catchwords. Advertising slogans have extended into areas, such as politics. Fountainheads of strength are found in such features as antithesis, alliteration, euphoniousness, punning, obviousness, the use of slogans may be examined in so far as the slogans continue unconscious and unintentional responses
6.
Arlington County, Virginia
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Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is coterminous with the U. S. Census Bureau-census-designated place of Arlington, as a result, the county is often referred to in the region simply as Arlington or Arlington, Virginia. In 2015, the population was estimated at 229,164. The land that became Arlington was originally donated by Virginia to the United States government to form part of the new federal district of Columbia. In 1846, Congress returned the land southwest of the Potomac River donated by Virginia due to issues involving Congressional representation, the General Assembly of Virginia changed the countys name to Arlington in 1920 to avoid confusion with the adjacent City of Alexandria. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington. Arlington is also bordered by Fairfax County and City of Falls Church to the northwest, west and southwest, as of the 2010 census, the population was 207,627. Due to the proximity to downtown Washington, D. C. It is also home to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, the many federal agencies, government contractors, and service industries contribute to Arlingtons stable economy. It is the county in the United States by median family income. According to a 2016 study by Bankrate. com, Arlington is the best place to retire, the area that now constitutes Arlington County was originally part of Fairfax County in the Colony of Virginia. Land grants from the British monarch were awarded to prominent Englishmen in exchange for political favors, one of the grantees was Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who lends his name to both Fairfax County and the City of Fairfax. George Washington Parke Custis, grandson of First Lady Martha Washington, the estate was eventually passed down to Mary Anna Custis Lee, wife of General Robert E. Lee. The property later became Arlington National Cemetery during the American Civil War, the area that now contains Arlington County was ceded to the new United States federal government by the Commonwealth of Virginia. With the passage of the Residence Act in 1790, Congress approved a new permanent capital to be located on the Potomac River, the Residence Act originally only allowed the President to select a location within Maryland as far east as what is now the Anacostia River. However, President Washington shifted the federal territorys borders to the southeast in order to include the city of Alexandria at the Districts southern tip. In 1791, Congress amended the Residence Act to approve the new site, however, this amendment to the Residence Act specifically prohibited the erection of the public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the River Potomac. As permitted by the U. S. Constitution, the shape of the federal district was a square, measuring 10 miles on each side
7.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
8.
National Educational Television
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National Educational Television was an American educational broadcast television network that was owned by the Ford Foundation and later co-owned by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The network was founded as the Educational Television and Radio Center in November 1952 by a grant from the Ford Foundations Fund for Adult Education. It was originally a service for exchanging and distributing educational television programs produced by local television stations to other stations. In the spring of 1954, ETRC moved its operations to Ann Arbor, Michigan and it put together a daily five-hour package of television programs, distributing them primarily on kinescope film to the affiliated stations by mail. The programming was noted for treating subjects in depth, including interviews with people of literary. The programming was noted for being dry and academic, with little consideration given to entertainment value. Many of the shows were designed as adult education, and ETRC was nicknamed the University of the Air, the centers headquarters moved from Ann Arbor to New York City in 1958, and the organization became known as the National Educational Television and Radio Center. The center became more aggressive at this time, aiming to ascend to the role of the U. S. fourth television network, among its efforts, the network began importing programs from the BBC into the United States, starting with An Age of Kings in 1961. It increased its output to ten hours a week. The organization changed tactics again in November 1963 and it renamed itself National Educational Television, and spun off its radio assets. Under the centerpiece program NET Journal, NET began to air controversial, hard-hitting documentaries that explored numerous social issues of the day such as poverty and racism. While praised by critics, many affiliates, especially those in politically and culturally conservative markets, in 1966, NETs viability came into question when the Ford Foundation decided to begin withdrawing financial support because of NETs continual need for additional funding. In the meantime, the affiliated stations kept the network afloat by developing reliable sources of revenue, the U. S. government intervened and created the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in 1967 to fund the network for the time being. However, the CPBs intent was to create its own broadcasting network. The CPB embarked on that course of action because many NET affiliates were alienated by the programming that the network offered and these affiliates further felt that NETs simultaneous production and distribution of programming constituted a conflict of interest. The Public Broadcasting Service first began operations in 1969, with NET continuing to produce several programs, however, NETs refusal to stop airing the critically praised but controversial documentaries led to Ford and the CPB deciding to shut the network down. In early 1970, both threatened to cut their funding unless NET merged its operations with Newark, New Jersey public television station WNDT-TV, on October 5,1970, PBS officially began broadcasting after NET and WNDT-TV completed their merger. WNDTs call sign was changed to WNET shortly afterward, some programs that began their runs on NET, such as Washington Week and Sesame Street, continue to air on PBS today
9.
Nonprofit organization
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A nonprofit organization is an organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. This is known as the non-distribution constraint, the decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. The terms nonprofit and not-for-profit are not consistently differentiated across jurisdictions, in laymans terms they are usually equivalent in concept, although in various jurisdictions there are accounting and legal differences. The nonprofit landscape is varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do make up an often high-profile or visible aspect of the sector, overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. e. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving its members. Many NPOs use the model of a bottom line in that furthering their cause is more important than making a profit. Although NPOs are permitted to generate revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors, many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and executives who work with or without compensation. In some countries, where there is a fee, in general. The extent to which an NPO can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization, they may be organized as a corporation or as a trust. Their goal is not to be successful in terms of wealth, NPOs have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Some of the above must be expressed in the charter of establishment or constitution. Others may be provided by the authority at each particular jurisdiction. While affiliations will not affect a legal status, they may be taken into consideration by legal proceedings as an indication of purpose, most countries have laws that regulate the establishment and management of NPOs and that require compliance with corporate governance regimes
10.
Keeping Up Appearances
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The show spawned five series and 44 episodes, four of which are Christmas specials. Since its original release, all five series—including Christmas specials—have been available on DVD and it is also available for viewing on Netflix. In 2004, it came 12th in the poll for Britains Best Sitcom, in February 2016, it was confirmed by BBC Worldwide that Keeping Up Appearances is the corporations most exported television programme, being sold nearly 1000 times to overseas broadcasters. A prequel titled Young Hyacinth, featuring Hyacinth as a 19-year-old maid in the 1950s, was made that year, shes terrified that her background will be revealed, and goes to great lengths to hide it. Hyacinth likes to spend her days visiting stately homes and hosting executive-style candlelight suppers and she speaks in an exaggerated RP-like accent with Northern undertones, while her relatives speak in broad Northern accents. Her neighbours speak in milder RP accents, when flustered, Hyacinth regresses to her native Northern accent for a while. Although Hyacinth is not deterred by the lack of response to her attempts, nearly everyone around her lives in fear of being invited, the one who suffers the most is her husband Richard. He initially worked for the council but, at the beginning of series 3, although he loves her with a long-suffering endurance, he is notably exasperated by her plans and her habit of making extravagant and unnecessary purchases. They, along with Hyacinths senile father, frequently turn up inconveniently, Hyacinths senile father frequently has flashbacks to the Second World War, and often exhibits bizarre behaviour, sometimes involving embarrassing situations with women. Two relatives Hyacinth is not ashamed of are her wealthy sister Violet, Violet frequently telephones Hyacinth for advice, allowing her to loudly announce to anyone in earshot, Its my sister Violet – the one with a Mercedes, swimming pool/sauna and room for a pony. However, Violets social acceptability is damaged by the behaviour of her transvestite, equestrian-loving husband Bruce. Hyacinth also tries to impress people with the prowess of her beloved Sheridan. Hyacinth boasts about the closeness of their relationship and how often he writes to her and phones her, although he never writes to her. Hyacinth is blissfully oblivious of the seemingly obvious hints that Sheridan and it is at one point implied that Sheridan has come out to his father. Hyacinths neighbour Elizabeth Warden is frequently invited round to the Buckets for coffee, though she is ordinarily calm, Lizs nerves go to pieces in Hyacinths house, causing her to smash Hyacinths china and spill coffee and biscuits on Hyacinths Burmese rug. She is married with a daughter away at University, but her works abroad and, like Sheridan. Elizabeth is occasionally able to one-up Hyacinth herself by reminding her neighbour that her daughter is at University, Lizs brother Emmet moves in with her at the beginning of series 2 after a messy divorce. Emmets problems are complicated by Hyacinths mistaken belief that his frightened reactions indicate that he is infatuated with her
11.
BBC World News
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BBC World News is the BBCs international news and current affairs television channel. It has the largest audience of any BBC channel, with an estimated 76 million viewers weekly in 2014, part of the estimated 265 million users of the BBCs four main international news services. Launched on 11 March 1991 as BBC World Service Television outside Europe, its name was changed to BBC World on 16 January 1995 and it broadcasts television programming including BBC News bulletins, documentaries, lifestyle programmes and interviews. It employs more correspondents and reporters and has more international bureaux than any other news channel and it is not owned by BBC Worldwide. It was launched on 11 March 1991, after two weeks of real-time pilots, initially as a half-hour bulletin once a day at 19,00 GMT. The programme editor was Johan John Ramsland from World Service Radio News with John Exelby from domestic BBC TV News as his managing editor, the original picture editing team consisted of Bob Scholes, Peter Hodge and Mike Casey. Monday,30 January 1995 at 19,00 GMT, 24-hour English cable lifestyle, variety and entertainment channel such, variety, culture, leisure, lifestyle, art, since 1995, the service has gone through several branding changes. From 1995 to 1997, the channel used relatively few graphics to display the name of the channel, as part of a major BBC corporate redesign the channel received its first main refresh on 9 November 1997, the day BBC News 24 was launched. Various fictional flags with some real ones were used, the idents were computer generated and developed by the Lambie-Nairn design agency. Another large relaunch for BBC World took place on 3 April 2000, on 8 December 2003 a second makeover, using the same drums and beeps style music but new graphics took place, although on a much smaller scale to that of 1999. The music was changed slightly while the colour scheme became black and red, with studios using frosted glass, white. Later in 2004, the slogan became Putting News First. The graphical refresh introduced in 2003 was refreshed in May 2006 with a more red output, on 22 January 2007 a new refresh was presented based on the previous graphics, a red coloured labels covering a red and black earthglobe along with the BBC World logo. The channels present name was introduced on 21 April 2008 as part of a £550,000 rebranding of the BBCs news output, BBC World News later moved to the renovated former studio of BBC News 24. New graphics were produced by the Lambie-Nairn design agency and music reworked by David Lowe, BBC World News relocated to Broadcasting House from its previous home at BBC Television Centre on 14 January 2013. This was part of the move of BBC News and other audio, Broadcasting House was refurbished at a cost of £1 billion with a new newsroom and several state-of-the-art news television studios being built. Live news output originates from studios B and C in Broadcasting House with some recorded programming from Broadcasting House studio A, the BBC World News newsroom is now part of the new consolidated BBC Newsroom in Broadcasting House along with BBC World Service and UK domestic News services. Previously, the channel was broadcast in 4,3, with the news output fitted into a 14,9 frame for both digital and analogue broadcasting, resulting in black bands at the top and bottom of the screen
12.
BBC World News America
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BBC World News America is a current affairs news programme produced by BBC World News to be shown initially for American audiences. It is presented by Katty Kay, who was announced as the anchor in September 2011. Until 25 March 2011, the programme was shown daily in an hour format on BBC America and BBC World News. On 28 March 2011, the programme was reduced to a half-hour from the full hour. It is no longer shown on BBC America or BBC News Channel, and is now shown on BBC World News, on 31 October 2016, the programme returned to the BBC News Channel after a five year hiatus. It currently airs on the BBC News Channel in the UK at 21,30 GMT In some instances, this programme has been cut off on its hour broadcast to a few snippets because of a breaking news broadcast. But in the case of the 2008 US Election primaries & caucus, BBC World News America also covered the three presidential and the only vice-presidential debates. Katty Kay is currently the main presenter, Kay, a Washington correspondent for the BBC, replaced original presenter Matt Frei, who quit in July 2011 to join Channel 4 News. Kay was previously the Friday anchor and a substitute for Frei. Other presenters include Laura Trevelyan, Babita Sharma, Michelle Fleury, Jane OBrien, Scott Simon, jon Sopel and Philippa Thomas have also appeared on the programme. Ted Koppel regularly contributes to the programme as a contributing analyst, Matt Frei Philippa Thomas BBC World News America has won several Peabody Awards. It won one in 2007 for White Horse Village, in 2010, BBC World News America was a recipient of a 69th Annual Peabody Award. It won another Peabody Award in 2014 for dedicating the necessary resources, BBC World News America at BBC Programmes BBC World News America at BBC Programmes BBC World News America at BBC Online BBC World News America at BBC America
13.
Nova ScienceNow
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Nova ScienceNow is a spinoff of the long-running and venerable PBS science program Nova. At the beginning of two, Neil deGrasse Tyson replaced Krulwich as the shows host. Tyson announced he would leave the show and was replaced by David Pogue beginning season 6, the show was intended to return with more new episodes in 2015. Unlike the parent program Nova, Nova ScienceNow has a production style. It is not unusual for the show to explain topics as arcane as RNA interference using cartoons, whereas Nova covered a single seamless subject in each hour-long episode, NOVA scienceNOW covers several related, but distinct, story segments during the course of each program. The show also features 30-60 second short segments between each segment, taking the place and pace of commercials in an otherwise uninterrupted program flow. The shows humor turns on cultural references aimed at viewers from a spectrum of age groups. These references, for example, come from movies, TV, music, history, literature, following the whimsical format, the shows animators often place jokes or sight gags into the shows background via humorous or incongruous bits of text in signs, newspapers, etc. These gags are intentionally subtle and meant to be difficult to recognize, when Tyson became host, he added a final segment in which he would add his own observations on the topic. At the end of this editorial, he states, And that. The series has been nominated for four Emmy Awards and won a CINE Golden Eagle award, host Robert Krulwich left the program at the end of the first season. He was replaced by astrophysicist Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson, director of the Hayden Planetarium, in addition to the host, several correspondents report on many of the individual stories including Peter Standring, Chad Cohen, Ziya Tong, Carla Wohl, Rebecca Skloot, and David Duncan. David Pogue is the host of the sixth season. Nova ScienceNow Home page NOVA scienceNOW at the Internet Movie Database NOVA scienceNOW at TV. com
14.
Nova (TV series)
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Nova is an American popular science television series produced by WGBH Boston. It is broadcast on Public Broadcasting Service in the U. S. the series has won many major television awards. Nova often includes interviews with scientists doing research in the areas covered. Some episodes have focused on the history of science, the Nova programs have been praised for their good pacing, clear writing, and crisp editing. Websites accompany the segments and have won awards. Nova was created on March 3,1974, by Michael Ambrosino, inspired by the BBC2 television series Horizon, which Ambrosino had seen while working in the UK. Of the first 50 programs, only 19 were original WGBH productions, the practice continues to this day. All the producers and associate producers for the original Nova teams came from either England, Ambrosino was succeeded as executive producer by John Angier, John Mansfield, and Paula S. Apsell, actually as senior executive producer. Nova has been recognized with multiple Peabody Awards and Emmy Awards, the series won a Peabody in 1974, citing it as an imaginative series of science adventures, with a versatility rarely found in television. This episode also won an Emmy, spy Machines was cited for neatly recount the key events of the Cold War and look into the future of American/Soviet SDI competition. The episode also won an Emmy for editing, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences recognized the series with awards in 1978,1981,1983, and 1989. Julia Cort won an Emmy in 2001 for writing Lifes Greatest Miracle, PBS Nova ScienceNow Nature Equinox - Channel 4 popular science series, last aired in 2001. Horizon comparable BBC2 strand, on air since 1964, Q. E. D. more populist BBC1 science documentary series, which ran from 1982 to 1999. Official website Nova at the Internet Movie Database Nova at TV. com Nova show on YouTube
15.
Arthur (TV series)
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Arthur is a Canadian/American animated educational television series for children, created by Cookie Jar Group and WGBH for PBS. The television series is based on the Arthur book series, which are written, WGBH Boston along with Cinar began production of the animated series in 1994, and aired its first episode on October 7,1996. Since its debut, the show has broadcast 225 thirty-minute-long episodes, with 225 episodes, Arthur is the second-longest active running show on PBS Kids, behind only Sesame Street. It is the longest running animated television series. A pilot for the spin-off series Postcards from Buster aired in December 2003 as a season 8 episode of Arthur, Arthur often deals with important issues families face such as asthma, dyslexia, cancer, diabetes, and Asperger syndrome. It also encourages reading and relationships with family and friends by explaining that people have different personalities, Arthur became one of the highest-rated shows on PBS Kids for several years since its debut, averaging almost 10 million viewers weekly in the U. S. It is the childrens animated series in the U. S. In late 2015, it was announced that the series had been renewed for a 20th and 21st season, Arthur Read, the seriess titular character, is an anthropomorphic eight-year-old brown aardvark who lives in the fictional town of Elwood City. He is a student at Lakewood Elementary School. Arthurs family includes two home-working parents, his father David and his mother Jane, his two sisters, Dora Winifred, who is in preschool, and Kate, who is still an infant. Arthur also has several friends who come from ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Elwood City is portrayed as a suburban area which bears a strong resemblance to the Boston area. Furthermore, Elwood Citys professional baseball team, the Elwood City Grebes, the episode The Curse of the Grebes in Season 10 clearly references baseball lore such as Curse of the Bambino. In another episode, the Elwood City Airport is shown to have a name that represents Bostons Logan International Airport, crown City, as featured in other episodes, is apparently a fictional representation of New York City. In one episode, it is inferred that an ice hockey team wearing the WGBH logo, there are also firm references to Browns hometown of Erie, Pennsylvania. Most notably, the shopping mall in the TV series is called Mill Creek Mall. In 1994, Marc Brown was approached by WGBH and PBS about the possibility of adapting the Arthur books into a television series. Although the program is written and produced by WGBH of Boston, the production of the animation and voice acting are done in Montreal, Toronto, South Korea
16.
Sesame Street
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Sesame Street is a long-running American childrens television series, produced by Sesame Workshop and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its content, and images communicated through the use of Jim Hensons Muppets, animation, short films, humor. The show has undergone significant changes throughout its history, with the creation of Sesame Street, producers and writers of a childrens television show used, for the first time, educational goals and a curriculum to shape its content. It was also the first time a shows educational effects were studied, the show was initially funded by government and private foundations but has become somewhat self-supporting due to revenues from licensing arrangements, international sales, and other media. By 2006, there were independently produced versions, or co-productions, in 2001 there were over 120 million viewers of various international versions of Sesame Street, and by the shows 40th anniversary in 2009, it was broadcast in more than 140 countries. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was the childrens television show in the United States. A1996 survey found that 95% of all American preschoolers had watched the show by the time they were three years old, in 2008, it was estimated that 77 million Americans had watched the series as children. As of 2014, Sesame Street has won 167 Emmy Awards and 8 Grammy Awards—more than any other childrens show, Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a television show that would master the addictive qualities of television and do something good with them. The program premiered on television stations on November 10,1969. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory, initial responses to the show included adulatory reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. By its 40th anniversary in 2009, Sesame Street was broadcast in over 120 countries, Sesame Street has evolved from its initial inception. According to writer Michael Davis, by the mid-1970s the show had become an American institution, the cast and crew expanded during this time, with emphasis on the hiring of women crew members and the addition of minorities to the cast. The shows success continued into the 1980s, Sesame Streets curriculum has expanded to include more affective topics such as relationships, ethics, and emotions. After the turn of the 21st century, Sesame Street made major structural changes, for example, starting in 2002, its format became more narrative and included ongoing storylines. After its thirtieth anniversary in 1999 and due to the popularity of the Muppet Elmo, upon its fortieth anniversary in 2009, the show received a Lifetime Achievement Emmy at the 36th Daytime Emmy Awards. In April 2017, Sesame Street will introduce a new puppet called Julia with Autism to the show, and will be voiced by Stacey Gordon, who started Puppet Pie and has a son on the autism spectrum. From its first episode, Sesame Street has structured its format by using a visual style, fast-moving action, humor
17.
PBS NewsHour
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As the nations first hour-long nightly news broadcast, the program is known for its in-depth coverage of issues and current events. Throughout their tenure, Ifill and Woodruff were the first and only all-female anchor team of a nightly news program on broadcast television. The PBS NewsHour originates from WETAs studios in Arlington County, Virginia with additional facilities in San Francisco and it is a collaboration between WNET, WETA-TV, and fellow PBS member television stations KQED in San Francisco, KETC in St. Louis and WTTW in Chicago. The NewsHour Weekend is produced at the Tisch WNET studios on Lincoln Center, in 1973, Robert MacNeil and Jim Lehrer teamed up to cover the United States Senate Watergate hearings for PBS. The two earned an Emmy Award for their unprecedented gavel-to-gavel coverage, less than 1½ months later on December 1,1975, the program was renamed The MacNeil/Lehrer Report and began to air on PBS stations nationwide. Most editions employed a two-anchor, two-city format, with MacNeil based in New York City, Liberty Media bought a 67% controlling equity stake in MacNeil/Lehrer Productions in 1994, but MacNeil and Lehrer retained editorial control. Robert MacNeil retired from the program on October 20,1995, accordingly, the program was renamed The NewsHour With Jim Lehrer three days later on October 23. The NewsHour won a Peabody Award in 2003 for the feature report Jobless Recovery, on May 17,2006, the program underwent its first major change in presentation in years, adopting a new graphics package and a reorchestrated version of the shows theme music. The program also introduced a new set and upconverted its existing graphics package to HD, on May 11,2009, PBS announced that the program would be revamped on December 7 of that year under a revised title as the PBS NewsHour. The overhaul was described by Jim Lehrer as the first phase in his move toward retirement. Lehrer formally ended his tenure as an anchor of the program in June 2011. He continued to anchor on Fridays afterward, when he usually leads the political analysis segment with Mark Shields. On August 6,2013, Gwen Ifill and Judy Woodruff were named as co-anchors, the two shared anchor duties on the Monday through Thursday editions, with Woodruff solo anchoring on Fridays due to Ifills duties as host of the political discussion program Washington Week. Plans for an edition of PBS NewsHour had been considered as early as March 2013. MacNeil/Lehrer Productions announced in a letter to the shows staffers on October 8,2013, the transfer was approved by the WETA board of trustees on June 17,2014, and took effect on July 1. At that time, production of the program was taken over by NewsHour Productions, LLC, WETA also acquired MacNeil/Lehrer Productions archives, documentaries, and projects, though not the companys name. PBS NewsHour Weekend was not affected by the transfer and continues to be produced by WNET. The program is notable for being shown on public television, as such, there are no interruptions during the program to run advertisements
18.
Walking with Dinosaurs
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Walking with Dinosaurs is a six-part documentary television miniseries created by Tim Haines and produced by BBC Natural History Unit. The series first aired on the BBC in the United Kingdom in 1999 with narration by Kenneth Branagh, the series was subsequently aired in North America on the Discovery Channel in 2000, with Avery Brooks replacing Branagh. The first entry in the Walking with, series, the program explores ancient life of the Mesozoic Era, portraying dinosaurs and their contemporaries in the style of a traditional nature documentary. The Guinness Book of World Records reported that the series was the most expensive documentary series per minute ever produced, the series received critical acclaim, winning two BAFTA Awards, three Emmy Awards and a Peabody Award in 2000. A feature film of the name, inspired by the series, was released in 2013. A re-edited version of Walking with Dinosaurs aired on Discovery Kids for the first season of Prehistoric Planet and it was made more appropriate for children by removing most of the graphic content and trimming down some footage to fit the run time. Creator Tim Haines contemplated the idea of a documentary in 1996. Together, with producer Jasper James and effects specialist Mike Milne, Haines shot a pilot in Cyprus as a proof-of-concept to BBC Worldwide. Filming consisted of wide landscape shots devoid of any live-action creatures, ILM projected a cost of $10,000 per every second of footage featuring a CGI shot, an estimate which BBC deemed too expensive for a television budget. Instead, Haines contracted Framestore, a local British visual effects company to create the CGI elements, Framestore consulted several paleontologists in assisting them with developing natural movements and appearances for the dinosaurs. The CG work was created over the course of two years, in the first episode of Walking with Dinosaurs, Postosuchus urinates copiously. However, Benton notes that nobody can prove this was a mistake, copious urination is the primitive state for tetrapods. He believes many other claims of errors identified in the first weeks fizzled out, as the critics had found points about which they disagreed, ornitholestes, a theropod dinosaur of the Late Jurassic, is shown with a small crest atop its head. However, subsequent studies have concluded that it most likely did not have such a crest, Tropeognathus is depicted as far larger than it actually was. However, these specimens have not been formally described, the largest definite Tropeognathus specimens known measure 6 metres in wingspan. The specimens which the producers of the used to justify such a large size estimate are currently undescribed. Unwin stated that he does not believe this highest estimate is likely, however, no other Early Cretaceous pterosaurs reached its size. Similarly, Liopleurodon is depicted as being 25m long in the series, Ben Bartlett composed the score for Walking with Dinosaurs
19.
Masterpiece (TV series)
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Masterpiece is a drama anthology television series produced by WGBH Boston. It premiered on Public Broadcasting Service on January 10,1971, the series has presented numerous acclaimed British productions. Many of these are produced by the BBC, but the line-up has also included programs shown on the commercial services ITV, Masterpiece is best known for presenting adaptations of novels and biographies, but it also shows original television dramas. The first title to air was The First Churchills, starring Susan Hampshire as Sarah Churchill, more recent popular titles include Prime Suspect, The Forsyte Saga, Sherlock, and Downton Abbey. The theme music played during the credits is the Fanfare-Rondeau from Symphonies and Fanfares for the Kings Supper by French composer Jean-Joseph Mouret. The theme was performed by Collegium Musicum de Paris and it was recorded in 1954 by Vogue Records in Paris, France, and was later remastered in stereo and re-released by Nonesuch records in the 1960s. In the late 1970s, the video switched to views of antique books. Many of which were featured on the program to date, in 1980, Masterpiece gained a sister series, Mystery. Featuring a mix of contemporary and classic British detective and crime series, such as The Inspector Lynley Mysteries, Agatha Christies Miss Marple, and Touching Evil. In 2000, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the show, it presented Masterpiece, The American Collection, nine works by American writers, including Thornton Wilders Our Town, starring Paul Newman. One of televisions most honored series, the shows aired on Masterpiece have garnered numerous Emmy Awards. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #3 in its list of the 60 Greatest Dramas of All Time, suggestions for the series format came from, among others, Frank Gillard in England and Christopher Sarson in the US. In looking for an underwriter for the series, Calderwood eventually met with Herb Schmertz of Mobil Corporation, Schmertz was able to gain funding for the show and he and several other men, including Frank Marshall, met in London and made a selection of programs to be broadcast. Decisions on the format of the show were finalized and the series premiered on Jan,10,1971, with the first episode of The First Churchills. The series was hosted by British/American broadcaster/journalist Alistair Cooke until 1992, from 2004 to 2008, it was broadcast without a host. The original series producer was Sarson and he was succeeded in 1973 by Joan Wilson. The current series producer, Rebecca Eaton, took over in 1985 after Wilsons death from cancer, in 2008, the word Theatre was dropped, and the show, officially known as Masterpiece, was split into three different sections. Masterpiece Classic was initially hosted by Gillian Anderson, the following year, Masterpiece Mystery. is hosted by Alan Cumming
20.
Nature (TV series)
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Nature is a wildlife television program produced by Thirteen/WNET New York. It has been distributed to United States public television stations by the PBS television service since its debut on October 10,1982, some episodes may appear in syndication on many PBS member stations around the U. S. and Canada and on the Discovery Channel. This series currently airs on Wednesday on PBS and it is a weekly one-hour program that consists of documentaries about various animals and ecosystems. The on-camera host of the first season was Donald Johanson, with narration by George Page. Starting with the 1983 season George Page became both the on-camera host and the narrator until the series 19th season in 2000, since then, Academy Award winner F. Murray Abraham has frequently narrated episodes, as has ecologist Chris Morgan. Nature is one of the few programs in history that has won and has been nominated for the same number of Emmy Awards during its longevity. In 1986, host George Page was nominated for best Outstanding Individual Achievements in Informational Programming, in 1988 and 1989, it won two Emmy Awards for best Outstanding Informational Series. In 2000, it was nominated for best Outstanding Main Title Design, the episode Silence of the Bees won a Peabody Award in 2007. Produced by Oxford Scientific Films Ltd, humpback Whales Inside the Animal Mind, Do Animal Have Emotions. They were full-color corollaries to on-air episodes like Silence of the Bees, In the Valley of the Wolves, nature Comics was targeted at pre-teens and teenagers as an educational tool, and was distributed free to museums, schools, and nature centers. Nature Comics featured the talents of a number of cartoonists, including Josh Neufeld, Rick Veitch, Lauren Weinstein. The series was edited by David Reisman, nature Comics #2 was given an Association of Educational Publishers 2008 Distinguished Achievement Award
21.
Rick Steves' Europe
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Richard Rick Steves is an American author and television personality focusing on European travel. He is the host of the American Public Television series Rick Steves Europe, has a public radio show called Travel with Rick Steves and has authored numerous travel guides. At the time, he worked as a piano teacher. In 1979, based on his classes, he wrote the first edition of Europe Through the Back Door. Steves self-published the first edition of his travel skills book ETBD in 1980, unlike most guidebook entrepreneurs, he opened a storefront business. Initially, this was both a center and a piano teaching studio. He held travel classes and slide presentations, did travel consulting, organized a few group tours per year. He did not provide ticket booking or other standard travel agency services and he incorporated his business as Rick Steves Europe Through the Back Door. The store was in Stevess hometown of Edmonds, Washington, north of Seattle, the companys headquarters are still in Edmonds. Steves first television show, Travels in Europe with Rick Steves, debuted on television in April 1991. His second show, Rick Steves Europe, debuted in September 2000, and has produced episodes through 2014, though because he does not produce a season every year and his books and media deal with travel mainly in Europe and are directed at an American audience. He encourages his readers and viewers to not just major cities. Stevess television series, guidebooks, radio shows, mobile applications, Stevess relationship with public television began in 1991 with his first series, Travels in Europe with Rick Steves. Since then he has one of public televisions top pledge drive hosts. He writes and co-produces his television programs through his own production company, since self-publishing his first book in 1980, Steves has written country guidebooks, city and regional guides, phrase books, and co-authored Europe 101, History and Art for Travelers. His guidebook to Italy is the bestselling international guidebook in the U. S, in 1999, he started writing in a new genre of travel writing with his anecdotal Postcards from Europe, recounting his favorite moments from his many years of travel. Stevess books are published by Avalon Travel Publishing, a member of the Perseus Books Group, in 2009, Steves published the book Travel as a Political Act, a guide on traveling more thoughtfully. In addition to his guidebooks and television shows, Steves has expanded into radio, newspaper, in 2005, Steves launched a weekly public radio program, Travel with Rick Steves
22.
American Masters
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It is produced by WNET in New York City. The show debuted on PBS in 1986 and it aired on June 23,1986, as one of two episodes not specifically commissioned for the shows first season. Susan Lacy, American Masters creator and executive producer, selected each subject, matched them to the film makers. Before creating the series Lacy had been the senior programmer for Great Performances and one of the architects of American Playhouse, at the time of the shows premiere, she was also the East Coast head of the Sundance Institute. W. Griffith, Father of Film Woody Guthrie, Aint Got No Home Broadways Dreamers, The Legacy of the Group Theatre Merle Haggard, Learning to Live with Myself Dashiell Hammett, Detective. M
23.
Frontline (U.S. TV series)
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Frontline is a public affairs television program which produces and broadcasts in-depth documentaries about various subjects. Produced at WGBH-TV in Boston, Massachusetts, and distributed through the Public Broadcasting Service in the United States, some programs are made by independent filmmakers and broadcast as part of the Frontline series. Since the debut of the series, there have more than 500 films released. Traditionally viewed via the medium of television, today some of the episodes are available on the web. The program debuted in 1983, with NBC anchorwoman Jessica Savitch as the shows first host, but Savitch died later after the first season finale. PBS NewsHours Judy Woodruff took over as host in 1984, and hosted the program for five years, in 1990, episodes of Frontline began airing without a host, and the narrator was left to introduce each episode. The Choice 2016 is the most recent installment, aired on September 27,2016, featuring Hillary Clinton, the previous version aired on October 9,2012, and featured a dual biography tracing the lives and careers of incumbent President Barack Obama and his challenger, Mitt Romney. A prior installment aired on October 14,2008, using the same format for Barack Obama. Most Frontline reports are an hour in length, but some are extended to 90 minutes,2 hours, Frontline also produces and transmits such occasional specials as From Jesus to Christ, The Farmers Wife, and Country Boys. Since 1995, Frontline has been producing deep-content, companion web sites for all of its documentaries, Frontline has made many of its documentaries available via streaming Internet video, from their website. Will Lyman is the voice who has narrated most of the installments of the series since its inception in 1983. However, certain reports have been narrated by David Ogden Stiers, also sometimes the reporter puts their voice on some reports like Michael Kirk. The show is produced by the WGBH Educational Foundation, the parent company of WGBH-TV in Boston, WGBH is the creator of The Documentary Consortium, with another 4 PBS stations, including WNET in New York and KCTS in Seattle. Fanning, however, remains editor-at-large of Frontline as a founding member, frontline/World is a spin-off series from Frontline, first transmitted on May 23rd,2002, which was transmitted four to eight times a year on Frontline until it was canceled in 2010. It focused on issues from around the globe, and used a magazine format and its tagline was, Stories from a small planet. Frontline/World also streamed stories on its website, which won two Webby awards in 2008 for its series of online videos called Rough Cuts. In 2005, the Overseas Press Club of America gave the series its Edward R. Murrow Award for the best TV coverage of international events. The series broke new ground in 2007 by winning two Emmys, one of these was for a broadcast story, Saddams Road to Hell, other Frontline reports focus on political, social, and criminal justice issues
24.
Antiques Roadshow (U.S. TV series)
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Antiques Roadshow is an American television program broadcast on Public Broadcasting Service Public television stations. The series features local antiques owners who bring in items to be appraised by experts, provenance, history, and value of the items are discussed. Based on the original British Antiques Roadshow – which premiered in 1979 – the American version first aired in 1997, Antiques Roadshow has been nominated 14 times for a Primetime Emmy. Each episode begins with an introduction by the host followed by an announcement of the taping location, each city taping is split into three hours, i. e. Boise Hour 1, Chattanooga Hour 2, or Raleigh Hour 3. The series was created in 1996 by WGBH-TV, based on the BBCs series of the name that had been airing in the United Kingdom since 1979. The first US episodes were broadcast on PBS in 1997, the American version of Antiques Roadshow is produced by WGBH-TV, the public television station in Boston, Massachusetts. The American version has been hosted by Chris Jussel, Dan Elias, Lara Spencer, during 2005, PBS broadcast Antiques Roadshow FYI, a sister series to Antiques Roadshow.5 million at a show location in Tulsa, Oklahoma.07 million. However the items sold at auction for only $494,615, a trove of 1870s Boston Red Stockings memorabilia including players signatures and rare baseball cards was appraised at $1,000,000 for insurance purposes in New York City on January 5,2015. 1950, was appraised in Miami, Florida, for anywhere from $400,000 to $1,000,000, a 1937 Clyfford Still oil painting, valued conservatively at $500,000, was appraised on the first episode of its 13th season on January 5,2009. A Norman Rockwell oil painting was appraised at $500,000 in 2010 in Eugene, an Andrew Wyeth watercolor painting was appraised at $450,000 in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2010. A collection of Charles Schulz Peanuts comic art was appraised at $450,000 in Phoenix, an 1847 James Henry Beard oil painting, The Illustrious Guest, was valued between $300,000 and $500,000 in Dallas, Texas. An 1881 Jasper F. Cropsey landscape painting was appraised at $300,000 in Grand Rapids, to request tickets, prospective appraisees must fill out a form on the official website. Antiques Roadshow had a role in the 2006 comedy Grandmas Boy. In Season 2, Episode 4 of Modern Family, Jay is cleaning up the DVR and asks, “What about this two-hour Antiques Roadshow. ” and his stepson Manny responds, Ill watch it today. Then, in Season 6, Episode 20, Cameron tells his partner Mitch, Yes, youre very hip, before adding, in Season 2, Episode 1 of Difficult People, Julies boyfriend Arthur is tasked with creating a sexy spin-off of Antiques Roadshow. In Season 2, Episode 10 of Will & Grace, Jack and Grace use a teapot to get on their favourite TV show. In 2001, two dealers who had appeared on the show were indicted on mail and wired fraud charges, russ Pritchard III and George Juno were accused of defrauding Civil War descendants out of hundreds of thousands of dollars. The pair also had faced accusations of phony appraisals on the show, in 2002 they were sentenced after being convicted
25.
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
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CPB’s mission is to ensure universal access to non-commercial, high-quality content and telecommunications services. It does so by distributing more than 70% of its funding to more than 1,400 locally owned public radio, the CPB was created on November 7,1967, when U. S. president Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. The new organization initially collaborated with the then existing National Educational Television network, ward Chamberlin Jr. was the first operating officer. On March 27,1968, CPB registers as a corporation in the District of Columbia. In 1969, the CPB talked to private groups to start the Public Broadcasting Service, on February 26,1970, the CPB formed National Public Radio, a radio network consisting of public stations. Unlike PBS, NPR produces as well as distributes programming, on May 31,2002, CPB, through a first round of funding from a special appropriation, helped public television stations making the transition to digital broadcasting. The CPBs annual budget is composed almost entirely of an appropriation from Congress plus interest on those funds. Ninety-five percent of CPBs appropriation goes directly to content development, community services, for fiscal year 2014, its appropriation was US$445.5 million, including $. 5M in interest earned. Public broadcasting stations are funded by a combination of donations from listeners and viewers. Funding for public television comes in roughly equal parts from government, the CPB is governed by a board of directors consisting of nine members. They are selected by the President of the United States, confirmed by the Senate, as of May 2015, the board was composed of four Republicans and four Democrats. According to the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, the president cannot appoint persons of the political party to more than five of the nine CPB board seats. In 2004 and 2005, people from the PBS and NPR complained that the CPB was starting to push a conservative agenda, board members replied that they were merely seeking balance. The charge of a conservative agenda came to a head in 2005. On November 3,2005, Tomlinson resigned from the board, prompted by a report of his tenure by the CPB Inspector General, Kenneth Konz, the report was made public on November 15. The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 requires the CPB to operate with an adherence to objectivity. It also requires it to review national programming for objectivity and balance
26.
GfK
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It was founded by an association of university teachers, among them Ludwig Erhard, later Minister for Economics and Chancellor of Germany. In April 2005 it acquired NOP World, based mostly in the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy, in May 2008 it acquired an equity stake in Deep-Packet Inspection company Qosmos in order to track and monitor Internet usage for marketing research. KNs Dimestore platform offers unique platform for measuring the effectiveness of digital ad campaign with simple surveys of streaming video ads, the GfK Group is an international market research organization providing services in the three sectors Custom Research, Retail and Technology and Media. The companys headquarters are in Nuremberg, Germany, GfK is a joint stock company and traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It is included in the SDAX index, the Group has a staff complement of 10, 000+ employees and their market research services cover more than 100 countries across the world. GfK Custom Research, The Custom Research sector specializes in operational, the sources of information for the Custom Research sector are specific target groups of consumers and the medical profession. GfK Retail and Technology, Retailer POS data is the source for the Retail, with the global production and reporting system StarTrack, processing and delivery follows universal standards, clients can access the resulting market information online. GfK Retail and Technology has also developed an index to track technical consumer goods markets in more than 30 countries worldwide called GfK TEMAX, GfK Etilize, GfK Etilize supplies product data to more resellers, distributors, manufacturers and website portals. Media, The Media Sector delivers information services on range, intensity and nature of media usage and acceptance in more than 20 countries in Europe, the data source for the Media sector stems from the media. The services are directed at clients from media companies, agencies, the range of available services includes continuous, as well as special one-off studies and analyses. The data sources for the Media sector come from TV, radio, print, outdoor advertising, GfK is Germany’s oldest market research company, established in 1934 at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In the mid-1950s, GfK joined the European frontrunners when it adopted consumer panel research after the research methodology first developed in the United States. The GfK consumer climate study, launched in Germany during 1983, now covers Britain, Denmark, Austria, Sweden, in 1985, GfK began producing German television ratings, first for state-owned broadcasters and later for the Television Research Partnership. During September 2005 GfK SE was a sponsor for the “Du bist Deutschland” advertising campaign, today, GfK SE has a market share of over 25 percent. Germany continues to account for the largest share of GfK’s annual sales, GfK GeoMarketing provides Geo services, including business mapping software, digital maps, market data and consultancy services. GfK SE began its expansion into western and southern Europe during 1960 by establishing a subsidiary in Austria. In the late 1970s, GfK set up companies in the Netherlands, France. GfK’s Retail and Technology and Media divisions are the market leaders, with continuous television and radio audience research contracts in Belgium, France
27.
WGBH-TV
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WGBH-TV, channel 2, is a non-commercial educational PBS member television station located in Boston, Massachusetts. WGBHs studios are located on Guest Street in Boston, and its transmitter is located in Needham, WGBH is one of six local Boston television stations that are available in Canada on satellite provider Bell TV. WGBH-TV produces more than two-thirds of the nationally distributed programs broadcast by PBS and these include shows such as Nova, Frontline, Masterpiece, American Experience, The Victory Garden, and This Old House. WGBH was home to The French Chef featuring Julia Child, the Scarlet Letter mini-series was a major costume drama produced on-location and was the first challenger to the British dominance in such programming in America. It was PBSs highest rated series for many years, since then, the station has co-produced many period dramas with British production companies. Broadcasts with the Boston Symphony established the genre as a staple on television, a Roomful of Music, produced by Greg Harney, featured Pete Seeger and other musicians. WGBHs experiments helped develop the medium of television, WGBH operates a Shaw Broadcast Services satellite uplink facility which provides broadcast television stations from the Boston area to cable and satellite television providers in Canada. As a Canadian company, Shaw is not legally entitled to operate a facility in the United States. As a result, the company pays WGBH to perform service on its behalf. This facility is located at the stations transmitter tower in Needham. Calling for free public lectures for the citizens of Boston, wGBH-FM first signed on the air on October 6,1951, with a live broadcast of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. WRTB never made it on the air, paving the way for the Federal Communications Commission to allocate channel 2 for non-commercial purposes and for WGBH to receive a license to operate on that channel. WGBH-TV went on the air at 5,20 p. m. on May 2,1955, initial funding for starting WGBH-TV, the first public television station in Boston and New Englands first non-commercial television station, came from the Lincoln and Therese Filene Foundation. WGBH-TV and WGBH FM both began operating from a new building on August 29,1963, a new studio facility for the WGBH station was then built at 125 Western Avenue in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, Design Squad Dont Look Now FETCH.7 and WGBH. org. The Scrum Security Mom Julia Child, The French Chef Robert J. Vincent Price, thomas J. MacDonald, Rough Cut - Woodworking with Tommy Mac Michael Dukakis, The Advocates Roger Fisher, The Advocates William A. Reunions were held in 2000 and 2006
28.
WETA-TV
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WETA-TV virtual channel 26 is a non-commercial educational PBS member television station licensed to and broadcasting from the capital city of Washington, District of Columbia, United States. The station is owned by the Greater Washington Educational Telecommunications Association, alongside sister radio outlet, WETA-TVs studios are located in nearby Arlington, Virginia, and its transmitter is located in the Tenleytown neighborhood in the northwest quadrant of Washington. In 1952, the Federal Communications Commission allocated 242 channels for use across the United States. Channel 26 was allocated for use in Washington, D. C, in 1953, the Greater Washington Educational Television Association was formed to develop programming for channel 26. GWETA credits Elizabeth Campbell with having founded the organization, in the early days, before it was granted a license for its own channel, the GWETA produced educational programming for WTTG. The Greater Washington Educational Television Association was eventually granted a license by the FCC to activate channel 26, WETA originally operated out of Yorktown High School, the station later relocated its operations to the campus of Howard University in 1964. In 1992, WETA broadcast the first over-the-air high-definition television signal in the United States In 1995, WETA acquired CapAccess, from that acquisition, WETA helped connect public schools, public libraries and local government agencies to the Internet. It was joined in 2001 by Reading Rockets, a project offering information and resources on how young kids learn to read, why so many struggle. To support the parents and educators of students who struggle with reading. AdLit. org is an educational initiative offering research to develop teens literacy skills, prevent school dropouts. Seeing a need to educate the public about brain injuries, in 2008 WETA, in partnership with the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, launched BrainLine. org. The site features videos, webcasts, recent research, personal stories, and articles on preventing, treating, in 1997, WETA tested its new full-power digital transmitter which was activated for full-time broadcasting in 1999. In 2002, WETA became one of the first stations in the county to offer digital subchannels, in January 2006, WETA changed its subchannel lineup with WETA Create, WETA Family, and WETA World, after the closure of national services PBS You and PBS Kids. With the dropping of the PBS Kids network in 2005, WETA did not become a PBS Kids Sprout partner, by April 2006, the station had added World programming to a subchannel prior to its January 2007 launch as a nationwide network. In 2007, WETA started broadcasting a childrens channel, WETA decided to drop Create due to the network moving to being fee based on July 1,2012 and perceived lack of programming flexibility. WETA How-To lifestyle programming replaced Create in January 2012, How-To was replaced by WETA UK on July 4,2012 after an analysis of audience and local viewers demand for UK programs. The stations digital channel is multiplexed, Despite its positioning, digital subchannel 26.4 serves as WETA-TVs main programming feed,26.4 is broadcast in standard definition and is the equivalent of the former analog channel 26. Therefore, channel 26.4 is the channel that is provided on the tiers of local cable providers
29.
WNET
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WNET, channel 13, is a non-commercial educational, public television station licensed to Newark, New Jersey, United States. With its signal covering the New York metropolitan area, WNET is a station of, and program provider to. WNETs main studios and offices are located in Midtown Manhattan with an auxiliary studio in the Lincoln Center complex on the Upper West Side. The stations transmitter is on the Empire State Building, the license-holder is WNET. org, formerly known as the Educational Broadcasting Corporation. WNET is also the parent of the Long Island-based PBS station WLIW, WNET commenced broadcasting on May 15,1948, as WATV, a commercial television station owned by Atlantic Television, a subsidiary of Bremer Broadcasting Corporation. Frank V. Bremer, the CEO, also owned two northern New Jersey radio stations, WAAT and WAAT-FM, the three stations were based in the Mosque Theatre at 1020 Broad Street in Newark. WATV was the first of three new stations in the New York City television market to sign on the air during 1948, another early series by the station was Stairway to Stardom, one of the first TV series with an African-American host. On October 6,1957, Bremer Broadcasting announced it had sold its stations for $4.5 million to National Telefilm Associates, an early distributor of motion pictures for television. On May 7,1958, channel 13s callsign was changed to WNTA-TV to reflect the new ownership, nTAs cash resources enabled WNTA-TV to produce a schedule of programming with greater emphasis on the people and events of New Jersey, in comparison to the other commercial television stations. But WNTA-TV continued to lag behind New Yorks other independent stations – WNEW-TV, WOR-TV, and WPIX – in terms of audience size, National Telefilm Associates put the WNTA stations up for sale in February 1961. At least three prospective purchasers expressed interest in WNTA-TV, even for those who could access UHF stations, reception was marginal even under the best conditions. ETMAs initial bid of $4 million was rejected by NTA, the pendulum quickly shifted in favor of channel 13 going non-commercial, and the private firms withdrew their interest. On June 29,1961, ETMA agreed to purchase WNTA-TV for $6.2 million, about $2 million of that amount came from five of the six remaining commercial VHF stations, all of whom were pleased to see a competitor eliminated. In addition, CBS later donated a facility in Manhattan to ETMA, the FCC approved the transfer in October, and converted channel 13s commercial license to non-commercial. The outgoing New Jersey governor, Robert B, the court ruled in the states favor two months later. But faced with either consummating the transaction or seeing it cancelled, after a few last-minute issues arose to cause further delays, the transfer became final on December 22. Later that evening, WNTA-TV signed off for the final time, ETMA and NET then went to work converting the station, which they said would return with its new format within three months. Ten months later, channel 13 was ready to be reborn, with legendary CBS reporter Edward R. Murrow at the helm on the maiden broadcast, ETMA – now the non-profit Educational Broadcasting Corporation – flipped the switch to WNDT on September 16,1962
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American Public Television
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American Public Television is the largest syndicator of programming for public television stations in the United States. APT continues to distribute a variety of public television programs nationally, as well as administering the Create. APT began in 1961 when it was incorporated as the Eastern Educational Television Network, at first EEN was a regional cooperative that began to exchange programs between a couple of its member stations. EEN was one of the first distributors of such as The French Chef in 1963, Mister Rogers Neighborhood. Another first from EEN was the distribution starting in 1970 of Newsfront, Americas first live, EEN introduced Wall Street Week in November 1970 before PBS began distributing it nationwide in January 1972. EEN began the import to America of BBC and CBC productions in 1974 with Monty Pythons Flying Circus being one of them, in 1978, the EEN started the Free Library. In 1980, Eastern Educational started the Syndication Service and was renamed Interregional Program Service, IPS started the Premium Service in 1989. The organization became American Program Service in 1992, American Program Service was renamed American Public Television in 1999. Also, with many fax requests from international outlets, a division called APT Worldwide was started. With the digital roll out, APT became the distributor of a couple of multicast networks, in January 2006, APT started distributing Create. The nonprofit started distributing World in 2010, APT Exchange was a service in which the company acts a clearing house for pre-funded programs that are offered free of charge to stations started in 1978. Travels in Europe with Rick Steves, Globe Trekker and Americas Test Kitchen are offered through this service, APT Worldwide is the corporations international sales division even representing some A&E and Discovery programs. One of its earliest successful show was the first Three Tenors, Syndication is a service in which completed programs are acquired. Muhammad Ali, Through the Eyes of the World biography purchased in 2002 was a top hit through this service along with the BBCs Battlefield Britain series. APT also owns two digital subchannel networks together with WGBH and WNET. ORG, Create, which offers primarily crafts, established in January 2006, many of Creates affiliates are PBS digital stations, and Create is also carried on cable through local agreements with public television stations. Shows regularly carried on Create include Lidias Italy, P. Allen Smiths Garden Home, The Joy of Painting, World Channel, a 24-hour digital channel showing public TV non-fiction, science, nature, news, public affairs and documentaries. APT distributes more than 300 new program titles per year, including documentaries, talk shows, dramatic and comedic series, how-to programs, childrens series and classic movies. APT distributes weeknight international news series BBC World News and Newsline from NHK, APT has also distributed special pledge shows to public television, including programs such as Lizas at the Palace
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Television station
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A television station is a business, organisation or other enterprise, such as an amateur television operator, that transmits content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, broadcast television systems standards are set by the government, and these vary around the world. Television stations broadcasting over a system were typically limited to one television channel. The term television station is normally applied to television stations. Television stations usually require a broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements, most commercial television stations are owned independently, but many are either affiliated with a television network or are owned-and-operated by a television network. Another form a television station may take is non-commercial educational and considered public broadcasting, some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs. To get a signal from the control room to the transmitter. The link can be either by radio or T1/E1, a transmitter/studio link may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of the main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air, the license usually specifies which other station is it allowed to carry. In North America, full-power stations on band I are generally limited to 100 kW analog video and 10 kW analog audio, stations on band III can go up by 5dB to 316 kW video,31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1, UHF, by comparison, has a much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, despite this, in the U. S. the Federal Communications Commission is taking another large portion of this band away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown, since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in a variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials and they may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network, or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies, many stations have some sort of television studio, which on major-network stations is often used for newscasts or other local programming. There is usually a department, where journalists gather information
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Newark, New Jersey
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Newark is the most populous city in the U. S. state of New Jersey and the seat of Essex County. For 2015, the Census Bureaus Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 281,944, Newark is the second largest city in the New York metropolitan area, located approximately 8 miles west of lower Manhattan. Settled in 1666 by Puritans from New Haven Colony, Newark is one of the oldest European cities in the United States and its location at the mouth of the Passaic River, has made the citys waterfront an integral part of the Port of New York and New Jersey. Today, Port Newark-Elizabeth is the container shipping terminal of the busiest seaport on the American East Coast. In addition, Newark Liberty International Airport was the first municipal airport in the United States. Several leading companies have their headquarters in Newark, including Prudential, PSEG, Panasonic Corporation of North America, Audible. com, IDT Corporation, the U. S. District Court for the District of New Jersey sits in the city as well. Local cultural venues include the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark Symphony Hall, The Prudential Center and the Newark Museum. Newark is divided into five wards, the East, West, South, North and Central wards. Newarks Branch Brook Park is the oldest county park in the United States and is home to the nations largest collection of cherry blossom trees, Newark was settled in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony. It was conceived as an assembly of the faithful, though this did not last for long as new settlers came with different ideas. On October 31,1693 it was organized as a New Jersey township based on the Newark Tract, Newark was granted a Royal charter on April 27,1713. It was incorporated on February 21,1798 by the New Jersey Legislatures Township Act of 1798, during its time as a township, portions were taken to form Springfield Township, Caldwell Township, Orange Township, Bloomfield Township and Clinton Township. Newark was reincorporated as a city on April 11,1836, replacing Newark Township, the previously independent Vailsburg borough was annexed by Newark on January 1,1905. In 1926, South Orange Township changed its name to Maplewood, as a result of this, a portion of Maplewood known as Ivy Hill was re-annexed to Newarks Vailsburg. During the American Revolutionary War British troops made several raids into the town, the city has experienced revitalization since the 1990s. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had an area of 26.107 square miles. It has the third-smallest land area among the 100 most populous cities in the U. S. behind neighboring Jersey City and Hialeah, the citys altitude ranges from 0 in the east to approximately 230 feet above sea level in the western section of the city. Newark is essentially a large basin sloping towards the Passaic River, historically, Newarks high places have been its wealthier neighborhoods
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Television network
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Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of broadcast networks. Many early television networks evolved from earlier radio networks, such networks are commonly referred to by terms such as specialty channels in Canada or cable networks in the U. S. A network may or may not produce all of its own programming, if not, production companies can distribute their content to the various networks, and it is common that a certain production firm may have programs that air on two or more rival networks. Similarly, some networks may import television programs from other countries, some stations have the capability to interrupt the network through the local insertion of television commercials, station identifications and emergency alerts. Others completely break away from the network for their own programming and this is common where small networks are members of larger networks. The majority of television stations are self-owned, even though a variety of these instances are the property of an owned-and-operated television network. The commercial television stations can also be linked with an educational broadcasting agency. It is also important to note that some countries have launched national television networks, on the other hand, television networks also undergo the impending experience of major changes related to cultural varieties. The emergence of television has made available in major media markets. Such a diverse captive audience presents an occasion for the networks and this is explained by author Tim P. Vos notes that policymakers did not expressly intend to create a broadcast order dominated by commercial networks. In fact, legislative attempts were made to limit the networks preferred position, as to individual stations, modern network operations centers usually use broadcast automation to handle most tasks. A major international network is the British Broadcasting Corporation, which is perhaps most well known for its news agency BBC News. Owned by the Crown, the BBC operates primarily in the United Kingdom and it is funded by the television licence paid by British residents that watch terrestrial television and as a result, no commercial advertising appears on its networks. Outside of the UK, advertising is broadcast because the licence fee applies to the BBCs British operations. 23,000 people worldwide are employed by the BBC and its subsidiary, other networks are dedicated to specialized programming, such as religious content or programs presented in languages other than English, particularly Spanish. The largest television network in the United States, however, is the Public Broadcasting Service, some public television outlets, such as PBS, carry separate digital subchannel networks through their member stations. This works as each network sends its signal to many local affiliated stations across the country. These local stations then carry the feed, which can be viewed by millions of households across the country
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American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
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CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
