1.
Light rail
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Light rail, light rail transit or fast tram is urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right-of-way. A few light rail networks tend to have closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail. Other light rail networks are tram-like in nature and partially operate on streets, Light rail systems are found throughout the world, on all inhabited continents. They have been popular in recent years due to their lower capital costs. The term light rail was coined in 1972 by the U. S, Urban Mass Transportation Administration to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany the term Stadtbahn was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt the direct translation, however, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of intended for light loads and fast movement, the infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The Transportation Research Board defined light rail in 1977 as a mode of urban transportation utilizing predominantly reserved, electrically propelled rail vehicles operate singly or in trains. LRT provides a range of passenger capabilities and performance characteristics at moderate costs. Light rail is a generic international English phrase for these types of rail systems, the use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English. The word trolley is used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States. A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams except Blackpool after World War II, when these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both the old and new systems. Conventional rail technologies including high-speed, freight, commuter/regional, and metro/subway/elevated urban transit systems are considered heavy rail, people movers and personal rapid transit are even lighter, at least in terms of capacity. Monorail is a technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. Due to varying definitions, it is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail, a system described as light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called light rail are in very similar to rapid transit, in recent years. Some light rail systems, such as Sprinter, bear little similarity to urban rail, in the United States, light rail has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. There is a significant difference in cost between these different classes of light rail transit, tram-like systems are often less expensive than metro-like systems by a factor of two or more
2.
Los Angeles Railway
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The Los Angeles Railway was a system of streetcars that operated in central Los Angeles, California, and the immediate surrounding neighborhoods between 1901 and 1963. Except for two short,2 ft 6 in narrow gauge funicular railways named Angels Flight and Court Flight, the company carried many more passengers than the Pacific Electric Railways Red Cars which served a larger area of Los Angeles. The two companies shared some dual gauge 3 ft 6 in /4 ft 8 1⁄2 in standard gauge track along Hawthorne Boulevard, on Main Street, the system was purchased by railroad and real estate tycoon Henry E. Huntington in 1898 and started operation in 1901. The system was sold in 1945 by Huntingtons estate to National City Lines, National City Lines purchased Key System, which operated streetcars systems in Northern California, the following year. The company was renamed as Los Angeles Transit Lines, many lines were converted to buses in the late 1940s and early 1950s. The last remaining lines were taken over by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority along with the remains of the Pacific Electric Railway in 1958, the agency removed the remaining five streetcar lines and two trolley bus lines, replacing electric service with diesel buses on March 31,1963. A restoration of the service is anticipated to underscore the overall renaissance occurring in the downtown area of Los Angeles. 2 Line – Rampart area of Echo Park to Montecito Heights, by way of Belmont Avenue, Loma Drive, 3rd Street, Flower Street, 5th Street, Broadway, Pasadena Avenue, Avenue 26, and Griffin Avenue. 3 Line – Skid Row to Hollywood, by way of 5th Street, 6th Street, private ROW, 3rd Street,7 Line – South Los Angeles to Los Angeles Plaza Historic District, by way of Broadway, Main Street, and Spring Street. 8 Line – Leimert Park to Los Angeles Plaza Historic District, by way of 54th Street, Broadway, Main Street, and Spring Street. 9 Line – Leimert Park to the Wholesale District, by way of 48th Street, Hoover Street, Grand Avenue, Pico Boulevard, Broadway, and 2nd Street. 10 Line – Leimert Park to Lincoln Heights, by way of Vernon Avenue, Dalton Avenue, Martin Luther King Boulevard, Grand, Pico Boulevard, Broadway, and Lincoln Park Avenue. A Line – Mid City to Echo Park, by way of Adams Boulevard, Kensington Street, Venice Boulevard, Broadway, Temple Street, Edgeware Road, and Douglas Street. B Line – Nevin to City Terrace, by way of Ascot Avenue, Hooper Avenue, 12th Street, Main Street, Brooklyn Avenue, Evergreen Avenue, Wabash Avenue, and City Terrace Drive. D Line – Westlake to Skid Row, by way of Bonnie Brae Street, 3rd Street, Alvarado Street, 6th Street, and 5th Street. F Line – Athens to Boyle Heights, by way of Vermont Avenue, Hoover Street, Santa Barbara Avenue, Grand Avenue, Jefferson Boulevard, Main Street, 3rd Street, 4th Place, 4th Street, and Fresno Street. G Line – Nevin to South Park, by way of McKinley Avenue, Jefferson Boulevard, Griffith Avenue, Washington Boulevard, and Main Street. H Line – South Los Angeles to East Hollywood, by way of San Pedro Street, 7th Street, Broadway, 6th Street, Rampart Boulevard, Beverly Boulevard, Heliotrope Drive, and Melrose Avenue
3.
East Los Angeles, California
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East Los Angeles, or East L. A. is an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County, California. It is 96. 7% Latino - the highest percentage of the 272 neighborhoods of Los Angeles County, the unincorporated area known as City Terrace occupies the northern part of the East L. A. CDP. East Los Angeles is the least ethnically diverse community in Los Angeles County as noted by the Los Angeles Times Mapping L. A. survey, the 2010 United States Census reported that East Los Angeles had a population of 126,496. Population density was 16,973.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of East Los Angeles was 53,934 White,817 African American,1,549 Native American,1,144 Asian,63 Pacific Islander,54,846 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 122,784 persons. The Census reported that 126,176 people lived in households,174 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 2,516 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 199 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,781 households were made up of individuals and 1,781 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 4.09. There were 25,839 families, the family size was 4.33. The median age was 29.1 years, for every 100 females there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.1 males. There were 32,201 housing units at a density of 4,320.8 per square mile, of which 10,986 were owner-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1. 2%, the vacancy rate was 3. 2%. 47,123 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 79,053 people lived in housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, East Los Angeles had a household income of $37,982. As of the of 2000, there were 124,283 people,29,844 households, the population density was 16,697.4 people per square mile. There were 31,096 housing units at a density of 4,177.8 per square mile. 96. 8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino,12. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.15 and the family size was 4.42
4.
Pico Boulevard
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Pico Boulevard is a major Los Angeles street that runs from the Pacific Ocean at Appian Way in Santa Monica to Central Avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California, USA. It is named after Pío Pico, the last Mexican governor of Alta California, Pico runs parallel south of Olympic Boulevard and is one of the southernmost major streets leading into Downtown Los Angeles, running north of Venice Boulevard and south of Olympic Boulevard. Numerically, it takes the place of 13th Street, major landmarks include Santa Monica College, Santa Monica High School, the Westside Pavilion mall, Fox Studios, the Hillcrest Country Club, the Staples Center, and the Los Angeles Convention Center. Pico Boulevard starts in the city of Santa Monica and enters the city of Los Angeles near the intersection with Centinela Avenue, the neighborhoods of Los Angeles through which Pico Boulevard travels are among the most culturally diverse in the city. Santa Monica State Beach, California State Park operated by the City of Santa Monica and it is two miles long, has a picnic area, shops and pier. Visitor activities include volleyball, basketball and a bicycling and running path along the beach, Casa del Mar hotel, luxury hotel at base of Pico Boulevard, Club Casa del Mar originally opened in 1926 as a beach club. The building, built in a Renaissance Revival architectural style, became a hotel, after the war, the building underwent different incarnations, becoming, among other things, a drug rehabilitation center and a Pritikin Longevity Center. In 1998, The Edward Thomas Hospitality Corporation acquired the building, RAND Corporation Headquarters, opened in November 2004, the RAND Corporation new headquarters facility was awarded the U. S. Santa Monica Civic Auditorium,1855 Main Street,3,000 seat auditorium opened in 1958 and designed in the style by Welton Becket. McCabes Guitar Shop, Located at 3101 Pico Blvd, since 1969, McCabes has also been one of the most noted forums for folk concerts. National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, Formerly headquartered at 3402 Pico Blvd, the Academy is famous internationally for the Grammy Awards. Pico and Sepulveda, a song by Felix Figueroa & His Orchestra, the 1947 song was frequently featured on Dr. Dementos radio show. It is about streets in Los Angeles and was composed by Eddie Maxwell, the Apple Pan, Located at 10801 W. Pico Blvd. Los Angeles, The Apple Pan restaurant opened in 1947 and is famous for its hickory hamburgers. In the first season of Six Feet Under, Nate Fisher asks his sister Claire if she wants to go to the Apple Pan to eat together. Rancho Park Golf Course, Located along Pico Boulevard in West Los Angeles, in 2000 Rancho was the only golf course in the United States to have hosted the PGA, LPGA and the Senior PGA. The golf course first opened in 1921 and was built on land that was part of Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes in what was in 1921 the town of Sawtelle,12 miles west of Los Angeles. Fox Studios, 20th Century Fox or simply Fox, is one of the six major American film studios, in 1926 Fox acquired 300 acres in the open country west of Beverly Hills and built Movietone City, the best-equipped studio of its time
5.
Cesar Chavez Avenue
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Cesar Chavez Avenue is a major east–west thoroughfare in Downtown Los Angeles, the Eastside and East Los Angeles, measuring 6.19 miles in length. Much of the street is double-signed with its former names, part of the pre-1940 Route 66, Cesar Chavez Avenue begins as a continuation of Sunset Boulevard on the east side of Figueroa Street. The roadway becomes Riggin Street when it crosses Atlantic Boulevard in Monterey Park, Union Station, which provides connections to the Red, Purple and Gold lines, as well as Metrolink and Amtrak. Metro Local line 68 and Metro Rapid line 770 run through Cesar Chavez Avenue, Sunset Boulevard Pueblo de Los Angeles Olvera Street Terminal Annex Union Station Evergreen Cemetery East Los Angeles Civic Center East Los Angeles College
6.
Track gauge
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In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide
7.
Narrow-gauge railway
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A narrow-gauge railway is a railway with a track gauge narrower than the 1,435 mm of standard gauge railways. Most existing narrow-gauge railways are between 600 mm and 1,067 mm, narrow-gauge railways also have specialized use in mines and other environments where a very small structure gauge makes a very small loading gauge necessary. Narrow-gauge railways also have general applications. Many narrow-gauge street tramways are used, particularly in Europe, where 1,000 mm metre gauge tramways are common, the earliest recorded railway is shown in the De re metallica of 1556, which shows a mine in Bohemia with a railway of about 2 ft gauge. During the 16th century, railways were mainly restricted to hand-pushed narrow-gauge lines in mines throughout Europe, during the 17th century, mine railways were extended to provide transportation above ground. These lines were industrial, connecting mines with nearby transportation points and these railways were usually built to the same narrow gauge as the mine railways from which they developed. The worlds first steam locomotive on rails, built in 1802 by Richard Trevithick for the Coalbrookdale Company, during the 1820s and 1830s, a number of industrial narrow-gauge railways in the United Kingdom used steam locomotives. In 1842, the first narrow-gauge steam locomotive outside the UK was built for the 1,100 mm gauge Antwerp-Ghent Railway in Belgium, historically, many narrow-gauge railways were built as part of specific industrial enterprises and were primarily industrial railways rather than general carriers. Some common uses for these industrial narrow-gauge railways were mining, logging, construction, tunnelling, quarrying, extensive narrow-gauge networks were constructed in many parts of the world for these purposes. For example, mountain logging operations in the 19th century often used narrow-gauge railways to transport logs from mill sites to market, significant sugarcane railways still operate in Cuba, Fiji, Java, the Philippines, and Queensland. Narrow-gauge railway equipment remains in use for the construction of tunnels. Extensive narrow-gauge railway systems served the front-line trenches of both sides in World War I and they were a short-lived military application, and after the end of the war, the surplus equipment from these created a small boom in narrow gauge railway building in Europe. Narrow-gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. It is also used in populated areas where the potential demand is too low for broader gauge railways to be economically viable. This is the case in some of Australia and most of Southern Africa, the use of such railways has almost vanished due to the capabilities of modern trucks. In many countries, narrow gauge railways were built as feeder or branch lines to feed traffic to more important standard gauge lines, the choice was often not between a narrow-gauge railway and a standard gauge one, but between a narrow-gauge railway and none at all. Some bulk commodities, such as coal, ore, and gravel, can be transshipped, but this still incurs time penalties
8.
Railway electrification system
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A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure, selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas, some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation, Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network, some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own lines, switches and transformers. Power is supplied to moving trains with a continuous conductor running along the track usually takes one of two forms. The first is a line or catenary wire suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings. Locomotives or multiple units pick up power from the wire with pantographs on their roofs that press a conductive strip against it with a spring or air pressure. Examples are described later in this article, the second is a third rail mounted at track level and contacted by a sliding pickup shoe. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the rails as the return conductor. In comparison to the alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and they have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service, the limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. Possible lethal electric current due to risk of contact with high-voltage contact wires, overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly. These are independent of the system used, so that. The permissible range of voltages allowed for the voltages is as stated in standards BS EN50163. These take into account the number of trains drawing current and their distance from the substation, railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit and trams
9.
Overhead line
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An overhead line or overhead wire is used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses, or trains. Overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires situated over rail tracks, the feeder stations are usually fed from a high-voltage electrical grid. Electric trains that collect their current from overhead lines use a device such as a pantograph and it presses against the underside of the lowest overhead wire, the contact wire. Current collectors are electrically conductive and allow current to flow through to the train or tram, non-electric locomotives may pass along these tracks without affecting the overhead line, although there may be difficulties with overhead clearance. Alternative electrical power transmission schemes for trains include third rail, ground-level power supply, batteries and this article does not cover regenerative braking, where the traction motors act as generators to retard movement and return power to the overhead. To achieve good high-speed current collection, it is necessary to keep the wire geometry within defined limits. This is usually achieved by supporting the wire from a second wire known as the messenger wire or catenary. This wire approximates the path of a wire strung between two points, a catenary curve, thus the use of catenary to describe this wire or sometimes the whole system. This wire is attached to the wire at regular intervals by vertical wires known as droppers or drop wires. It is supported regularly at structures, by a pulley, link, the whole system is then subjected to a mechanical tension. As the contact wire makes contact with the pantograph, the insert on top of the pantograph is worn down. The straight wire between supports will cause the wire to cross over the whole surface of the pantograph as the train travels around the curve, causing uniform wear. On straight track, the wire is zigzagged slightly to the left. The movement of the wire across the head of the pantograph is called the sweep. The zigzagging of the line is not required for trolley poles. Depot areas tend to have only a wire and are known as simple equipment or trolley wire. When overhead line systems were first conceived, good current collection was only at low speeds. Compound equipment - uses a second wire, known as the auxiliary
10.
V (Los Angeles Railway)
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V was a line operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1920 to 1958, and by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority from 1958 to 1963. The Vermont-Vernon line was the last new route built by the Los Angeles Railway, although Henry Huntington had been reluctant to build any cross-town lines, exponential growth along the Wilshire Corridor made it necessary. At the time, Los Angeles had no buses, from Vermont and Beverly, the route ran south on Vermont Avenue to Vernon Avenue, thence east on Vernon to Pacific Boulevard, then east again on Leonis Boulevard to Downey Road in Vernon. A branch line ran from Vernon Avenue south on Santa Fe Avenue to Slauson Avenue. In 1920, the route was renamed V, in 1925, plans had been drawn up to extend the Vermont line over 2 miles further north to Los Feliz Boulevard. Instead, the route was extended less than a north to Monroe Street and west on Monroe to Heliotrope. Today that is the campus of Los Angeles City College, during the LATL era, the Leonis and Santa Fe branches were eliminated, instead the V line ended at a loop called Pacific Crossing, in the center of Vernon. It was the only route in the LAMTA era, and was shut down with the other routes in 1963
11.
Interstate 110 and State Route 110 (California)
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Route 110, consisting of State Route 110 and Interstate 110, locally referred to as the one ten, is a state highway in the Los Angeles area of the U. S. state of California, built to freeway standards. The entire Route 110 connects San Pedro and the Port of Los Angeles with Downtown Los Angeles, i-110 is one of two 3-digit interstate designations to appear on opposite coasts, with I-280 in California and New Jersey being the other. This route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System, in addition, the Harbor Transitway, a grade-separated bus and high-occupancy vehicle corridor in the median of the 110, runs between State Route 91 and the south side of Downtown Los Angeles. The Harbor Freeway, along with the Long Beach Freeway, are the means for freight from the port of Los Angeles to rail yards. Its interchange with the Santa Monica Freeway is notoriously busy and congested, SR110 continues north on the Arroyo Seco Parkway to Pasadena. The Harbor Freeway is noted for its elaborate high-occupancy toll lane feature, with the HOT lanes elevated above the rest of traffic in many areas, myers, Inc. as HOV lanes and converted to HOT lanes in 2012. In the 1924 Major Street Traffic Plan for Los Angeles, a widening of Figueroa Street to San Pedro as a road to the Port of Los Angeles was proposed. Progress was slow, and in 1933 the state legislature added the entire length to the highway system as Route 165. The entire length of Route 165 became Sign Route 11 in 1934, the state completed the Arroyo Seco Parkway which had been added to the state highway system in 1935 as Route 205, in early 1941, providing a faster route between SR11 at Avenue 26 and Pasadena. US66 was moved to the new route, while SR11 remained on Figueroa Street and Linda Vista Avenue, construction of a freeway to San Pedro was much slower, despite having been in the earliest plans for an integrated system. The Harbor Freeway gradually pushed south, opening to Olympic Boulevard on March 23,1954, on March 27,1956, the highway was extended to 42nd Street, and on April 24,1957 it reached temporary ramps at 88th Place. There it connected with a section that had been open since June 19,1956, along with the Vincent Thomas Bridge to Terminal Island, the final piece in San Pedro opened on July 9,1970, completing the Harbor Freeway to its present length. In December 1978, the Harbor Freeway was approved as an Interstate Highway by the FHWA, in 1981, the SR11 designation was renumbered as Interstate 110 on the Harbor Freeway, and State Route 110 on the Pasadena Freeway. He performed his modifications in broad daylight, disguised as a Caltrans worker, in that district, Caltrans has three sign crews, each thinking one of the other two crews did the installation. After nine months, at Ankroms request, the Los Angeles Downtown News broke the story. Prior to Ankroms work, the only signage directing motorists to the 5 North off-ramp came at a quarter-mile before the exit, the signs were inspected by Caltrans to ensure they would not fall off onto the road below. Ankrom was never charged, despite statements from officials that his actions were illegal, ankrom referred to his sign project as Guerilla Public Service. These new signs include Ankroms original improvements, instead, the recent push has been to restore and preserve the Pasadena Freeway as a historic landmark
12.
Pico station
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Pico is an at-grade light rail station in the Los Angeles County Metro Rail system. It is located in the South Park neighborhood of Downtown Los Angeles, the station is served by the Metro Blue Line and the Metro Expo Line. The Metro Silver Line buses heading northbound to El Monte Station stop one block west of the station at Figueroa Street, southbound Silver Line buses heading to Harbor Gateway Transit Center stop at Flower St. /Pico Blvd. The full station name is Pico/Chick Hearn and this name memorializes sportscaster Francis Dayle Chick Hearn, longtime play-by-play announcer for the Los Angeles Lakers. On April 13,2016, the station was temporarily renamed Kobe to commemorate professional basketballer Kobe Bryants last game, Blue & Expo Line service hours are approximately from 5,00 AM until 12,45 AM daily. The Metro Silver Line northbound street stop is located at Figueroa Street & Pico Boulevard, the Silver Line southbound street stop is Flower St/Pico Blvd, next to the station. Silver Line service hours are approximately from 5,00 AM until 1,00 AM daily, Pico station serves the South Park neighborhood on its east, and the Figueroa/convention district on its west. It is located on the east side of Flower Street, just north of Pico Boulevard, north of this station is the Flower Street Tunnel, which connects Pico station to 7th St/Metro Center Station via Flower Street. The tunnels portal is just south of 11th Street on Flower Street, the tunnel will be extended when the Regional Connector is completed in 2020. The station is walking distance to the following attractions, Staples Center Chick Hearn Court/L. A. The stations entrance is on the northeast corner of Flower/Pico, Metro added gates and flashing lights at this station during late December 2011, as part of a set of safety enhancements that were added to the Expo Line project. Pico station opened along with the Blue Line on July 14,1990 and was the site of opening day celebrations. Because the underground portion of the line was not yet complete, Station connections overview Metro Expo Line Construction Authority Project Website, Metro Rail Expo Corridor, Phase 1 to Culver City Pico Station relation on OpenStreetMap
13.
J (Los Angeles Railway)
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From Downtown, it branched off the Pico Line at 1st and Santa Fe. After 1911, a shuttle continued to run on Mateo Street. The route was maintained by the Los Angeles Interurban Railway, then the Pacific Electric Railway, from that point on, the Jefferson Line was integrated into the Huntington Line and extended west to 9th Avenue. In 1920, the became known as J. In the early days, a branch line was run east on Jefferson to San Pedro. & Pacific Bl. until service ceased on March 30,1963 and this line contributed to the success of Huntington Parks Pacific Blvd. business district for many years. Electric Rail Heritage Association December 23,1962 LAMTA schedule
14.
5 (Los Angeles Railway)
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5 or the 5 Car was a line operated by the Los Angeles Railway from 1920 to 1958 and by the Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority from 1958 to 1963. From 1920 to 1932, this route was known as the E Car and this was changed as part of a method to distinguish routes that lacked loops at their termini. Consequently, the 5 Car was unique during the LAMTA era in that it did not use PCC streetcars. It used buses from 1955 to 1964, transferring from LATL in 1958, the southern portion of the route began as the Inglewood Division, one of the main lines of the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway. In the Great Merger of 1911, the portion of the Redondo Railway were given over to the Pacific Electric Railway. The Hawthorne Line, as it was called, terminated at the intersection of Hawthorne Boulevard and Broadway in the heart of Hawthorne. At some point in the 1910s, this route was merged with the Eagle Rock Line to become one of the longest streetcar routes in the United States, at Eagle Rock and Colorado, one could transfer to a branch of the Glendale and Montrose Railway. In 1916, the renovation of the Broadway Tunnel allowed streetcars to run through it, before this, all routes northeast had to run along Main Street at the Plaza de los Angeles, but now all of Broadway enjoyed direct, continuous service. It was along Broadway that the Eagle Rock Line was re-routed, bypassing most of Lincoln Heights, while increasing service to Solano Canyon, the E Line was the result of combining the Eagle Rock and Hawthorne Lines. At nearly 22 miles, it was the longest route of the Los Angeles Railway by far, in 1932, the route name was changed to 5. An additional route known as 6 followed the route, but terminated at Avenue 45 in Eagle Rock. In 1948, the terminus of the route was cut back to the intersection of Colorado Boulevard. From this period onward, a bus following the same route supplemented the streetcar, phasing it out by May 1955, today, the route is closely followed by Metro bus routes 40,84, & a short segment of 81. The under construction Crenshaw/LAX Line will follow the route between Leimert Park and Market Street in Inglewood. The 5 bus route was split by LAMTA in 1961, the portion to Eagle Rock Bl. & Colorado Bl. was served by route 7 from S. Broadway, a bar will open on Colorado Boulevard in November 2013 with a theme 5 Bar for the line which served local Eagle Rock residents for many years. The old style box line sign is used, with the reflective dots denoting the number, Boulevard Newspaper, October 2013 Los Angeles Railway
15.
Little Tokyo/Arts District station
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Little Tokyo/Arts District station is an at-grade light rail station in the Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of First and Alameda Streets, on the edge of Little Tokyo, the station is served by the Gold Line. It opened in 2009 as part of the Gold Line Eastside Extension, the station was temporarily closed due to the relocation of tracks for the Regional Connector project. Gold Line service hours are approximately from 5,00 AM until 12,15 AM daily, Little Tokyo/Arts District station is located on the border of two neighborhoods, Little Tokyo to the west and the Arts District to the east. This area was once a key area for trains in downtown, james M. Davies, for whom the large tract was named, subdivided the area in 1891. Several railroad lines from different companies connected through this site, Davies great-nephew, Robert Davies Volk, was the owner of the lots at First and Alameda streets with brick buildings shaped to fit the long-gone rail lines. The structures had played an important role in the life of the Little Tokyo neighborhood for decades before the site was cleared for the future station. There is one platform and two tracks at Little Tokyo/Arts District station located on the east side of Alameda Street between East 1st Street and East Temple Street. South of the station, the curve to the east and line the middle of East 1st Street all the way to Boyle Heights. Preliminary work required the demolition of two modest, one-story brick building stores with one of the structures dating back at least to 1898
16.
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
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The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often abbreviated as Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the larger railroads in the United States. Chartered in February 1859, the reached the Kansas-Colorado border in 1873 and Pueblo, Colorado. To create a demand for its services, the set up real estate offices. Despite the name, its main line never served Santa Fe, New Mexico, as the terrain was too difficult, the Santa Fe was a pioneer in intermodal freight transport, an enterprise that included a tugboat fleet and an airline. Its bus line extended passenger transportation to areas not accessible by rail, the AT&SF was the subject of a popular song, Harry Warren & Johnny Mercers On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe, written for the film, The Harvey Girls. The railroad officially ceased operations on December 31,1996, when it merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway. The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway was chartered on February 11,1859, to join Atchison and Topeka, Kansas, with Santa Fe, in its early years, the railroad opened Kansas to settlement. Much of its revenue came from wheat grown there and from cattle driven north from Texas to Wichita, rather than turn its survey southward at Dodge City, AT&SF headed southwest over Raton Pass because of coal deposits near Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico. D&RG paid an estimated $1.4 million to Santa Fe for its work within the Gorge and agreed not to extend its line to Santa Fe, while Santa Fe agreed to forego its planned routes to Denver and Leadville. Building across Kansas and eastern Colorado was simple, with few natural obstacles and it set up real estate offices in the area and promoted settlement across Kansas on the land that was granted to it by Congress in 1863. It offered discounted fares to anyone who traveled west to land, if the land was purchased. AT&SF reached Albuquerque in 1880, Santa Fe, the destination of the railroad, found itself on a short branch from Lamy. In March 1881 AT&SF connected with the Southern Pacific at Deming, New Mexico, the railroad then built southwest from Benson, Arizona, to Nogales on the Mexican border where it connected with the Sonora Railway, which the AT&SF had built north from the Mexican port of Guaymas. The Atlantic & Pacific Railroad was chartered in 1866 to build west from Springfield, Missouri, the infant A&P had no rail connections. The line that was to become the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway would not reach Springfield for another four years, A&P started construction in 1868, built southwest into what would become Oklahoma, and promptly entered receivership. In 1879 A&P struck a deal with the Santa Fe and Frisco railroads to construct a line for each. The railroads would jointly build and own the A&P railroad west of Albuquerque, in 1883 A&P reached Needles, California, where it connected with an SP line. A&P also built a line between Tulsa, Oklahoma and St. Louis, Missouri for the Frisco, but the Tulsa-Albuquerque portion remained unbuilt, by January 1890, the entire system consisted of some 7,500 miles of track
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Los Angeles River
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Several tributaries join the once free-flowing and frequently flooding river, forming alluvial flood plains along its banks. It now flows through a channel on a fixed course. Environmental groups and park advocates support the removal of concrete and the restoration of natural vegetation, portions of the river now have earthen bottoms and restored habitat. There are also plans for a series of parks along the rivers city frontage in Los Angeles, the Los Angeles River also flows through several Los Angeles County communities and has been featured in many Hollywood films. Before the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, the river was the source of fresh water for the city. Although the Los Angeles region still gets some of its water from the river and other local sources, the river suffers pollution from agricultural and urban runoff. Fed primarily by rainwater and snowmelt, the Donald C, tillman Water Reclamation Plant in Van Nuys, and urban discharge, it is one of the few low-elevation perennial rivers in Southern California. This is helped by the channel, which limits absorption of water into the earth. Flow, while low in volume, can be extremely brisk even in summer. 1952°N118. 601838°W /34.1952. Bell Creek flows east from the Simi Hills, and Arroyo Calabasas flows north from the Santa Monica Mountains, from there the river flows east through a concrete flood control channel and very soon receives Browns Canyon Wash, which flows south from the Santa Susana Mountains. The river then bends south and receives Aliso Canyon Wash. The river then flows through the district of Winnetka, then Reseda and enters the Sepulveda Basin, as the river proceeds into the usually-dry reservoir, it spills out into a channel that is similar to its historical, unchannelized form. It crosses under Balboa Boulevard and then passes through the works of Sepulveda Dam,43 miles from the mouth. It flows again into a channel and crosses under Interstate 405 as it passes through Van Nuys, Sherman Oaks. Paralleling U. S. Here, the river begins to flow over a natural riverbed, paralleling Interstate 5 for the next few miles, the river runs by the eastern side of Griffith Park and the Harding-Wilson Golf Course. It passes Silver Lake Reservoir, which is to the right and it then receives the Arroyo Seco, another major tributary, from the left. The river flows south past the Mission Junction, a railroad yard on the left. It then makes a turn east and then turns southeast, flowing a few miles before it begins to parallel Interstate 710 near Maywood, Bell, Cudahy
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U.S. Route 101
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U. S. Route 101, or U. S. Highway 101 is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, on the West Coast of the United States. It is also known as El Camino Real where its route along the southern and central California coast approximates the old trail which linked the Spanish missions, pueblos and it merges at some points with California State Route 1. US101 is a major parallel freeway or highway between Los Angeles and San Francisco, and is an alternative to the Interstate for most of its length, in 1964, California truncated US 101s southern terminus in Los Angeles, as I-5 replaced it. The old road is known as County Route S21 or Historic Route 101 in northern San Diego County, the southern terminus of US101 is in Los Angeles at the East Los Angeles Interchange, the worlds busiest freeway interchange. However, the principal routes were assigned numbers ending in 1. Thus, US101 is treated as a primary, two-digit route with a first digit of 10, rather than a spur of US1, thus US101, not US99, is the westernmost north-south route in the U. S. Highway System. US101 is called the Oregon Coast Highway in Oregon, and it is also called The 101 by Southern Californians or simply 101 by residents of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington. From north of San Francisco and continuing almost to Oregon it is signed as the Redwood Highway though not often spoken of as such outside organizations responsible for tourism marketing. Urban portions of the route in Southern California are named the Santa Ana Freeway, Hollywood Freeway, in 2003, the portion of US101 in Ventura County was named Screaming Eagles Highway in honor of the US Army 101st Airborne Division. Urban portions of the route in the Bay Area are called the James Lick Freeway, Bayshore Freeway, a portion of the route between Cochrane Road in Morgan Hill and SR85 in San Jose is named the Sig Sanchez Freeway. The section of highway between SR-85 in Mountain View and Embarcadero Road in Palo Alto is officially known as the Fredrick E. Terman Highway, Street routings in San Francisco are more commonly referred to by their street names rather than the route number. Portions of the route between Southern California and the Bay Area are named El Camino Real or El Camino Real Freeway, but such names are used colloquially. In Northern California the section of US101 between Sonoma and Marin counties is referred to as the Novato Narrows because of the reduction from four lanes to two. The route is the Santa Ana Freeway from East Los Angeles to Downtown Los Angeles and it becomes the Hollywood Freeway north of Downtown Los Angeles through the Cahuenga Pass, before turning west and becoming the Ventura Freeway. It is one of two major routes connecting the South Bay and Silicon Valley with San Francisco and the North Bay. It serves as an urban alternative to the rural I-280, as US101 runs through Peninsula cities closer to the Bay and I-280 runs closer to the Santa Cruz Mountains. Through northern San Francisco, US101 remains routed on congested city streets due to freeway revolts and it then departs the immediate coast and continues through wine country and Redwood forests until it re-emerges coast-side at Eureka. In areas where US101 turns inland, SR1 branches off to serve the coastal communities, unlike Washington, California does not sign the long east–west section of US101 between Gaviota and its junction with SR134 and SR170 in North Hollywood as west and east
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Mariachi Plaza station
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Mariachi Plaza is a light rail subway station in the Los Angeles County Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of 1st Street and Boyle Avenue in Los Angeles Boyle Heights District, the station is served by the Gold Line. This station opened in 2009 as part of the Gold Line Eastside Extension, Gold Line service hours are approximately from 5,00 AM until 12,15 AM daily. Metro Local,30,106 The station entrance is located in Mariachi Plaza, the plaza is the historic gateway to the Boyle Heights neighborhood in Eastern Los Angeles. At the intersection of East 1st Street and Boyle Avenue, the station is near Hollenbeck Park, white Memorial Medical Center Mariachi Plaza Station is one of two underground stations on the Eastside portion of the Gold Line. There are two levels underground, a mezzanine with ticket machines and gates, and below that, a platform with two tracks. Media related to Mariachi Plaza at Wikimedia Commons Official Eastside Extension page LACMTA Wall Mock up before install
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Soto station
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Soto is a light rail subway station in the Los Angeles County Metro Rail system. It is located at the intersection of First and Soto Streets in the heart of Los Angeles Boyle Heights District, the station is served by the Gold Line. Soto station is one of two stations on the Gold Line. The station opened in 2009 as part of the Gold Line Eastside Extension, Gold Line service hours are approximately from 5,00 AM until 12,15 AM daily. Metro Local,30,251,252,605 Metro Rapid,751 Media related to Soto at Wikimedia Commons Official Eastside Extension page LACMTA
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Los Angeles Street
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Los Angeles Street is a historic avenue in Downtown Los Angeles, California. Los Angeles Street ends at Alameda Street, north of the US101 freeway near Olvera Street, there are two other portions of Los Angeles Street, one running from Slauson Avenue to 59th Place and another from 122nd Street to 124th Street near Willowbrook. The portion of Los Angeles Street that runs by the Old Plaza was originally known as Calle de los Negros or Nigger Alley, the Chinese massacre of 1871 took place on Los Angeles Street when it was still known as Calle de los Negros. The printing house for the citys first newspaper, Star of Los Angeles, was located on Los Angeles Street, santee Education Complex Los Angeles City Hall United States Court House Caltrans District 7 Headquarters Chinese American Museum Old Plaza Firehouse Tourist map of Downtown L. A
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Broadway (Los Angeles)
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Broadway is a major thoroughfare in central Los Angeles and Los Angeles County, southern California. The Broadway Theater District in Downtown Los Angeles is the first and largest historic theater, Broadway begins at Main Street just north of the San Diego Freeway. From there it runs 10 miles north from South Los Angeles to Downtown, connecting Carson, Rosewood, after entering Downtown, it passes through Broadways historic commercial district and theatre district, then enters the Los Angeles Civic Center and passes through Grand Park. After crossing the Hollywood Freeway and Cesar Chavez Avenue, signs along the street change to read North Broadway as it enters Chinatown and then passes through the Dragon Gate and it then curves northeast, passing through the old railyards north of Downtown Los Angeles. After crossing the Golden State Freeway it heads due east to its terminus at Mission Road in Lincoln Heights. Broadway is one of the oldest streets in the city, it was out as part of the 1849 plan of Los Angeles made by Lieutenant Edward Ord. Fort Street began at the side of Fort Moore Hill at Sand Street. In 1890, the name of Fort Street, from 1st Street to 10th Street, was changed to Broadway, the rest of Fort Street, from California Street to 1st Street, was changed to North Broadway. The Broadway Tunnel under Fort Moore Hill was opened in 1901, a section of Broadway in South Los Angeles was originally named Moneta Avenue until 1923. In 1909, construction on a bridge across the Los Angeles River was begun to connect Buena Vista Street to Downey Avenue, the names of Buena Vista and Downey were then changed to North Broadway, but not without significant objections from affected residents and landowners. The bridge, which continued to be referred to as the Buena Vista Street Bridge for a good while, was opened to traffic in late September 1911. For more than 50 years, Broadway from 1st Street to Olympic Boulevard was the commercial street of Los Angeles. It contains a vast number of buildings and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Before World War II, Broadway was considered by many to be the center of the city, where went to ornate movie palaces and live theaters. Some historically significant buildings include the Bradbury Building, United Artists Theater, some of the movie theaters on the street fell into disuse and disrepair, some were replaced with parking lots, but many have been repurposed and/or restored. The department stores closed in the 1970s and 1980s, but Broadway has been the shopping destination for working class Latinos for decades. It includes the transformation of the United Artists Theater office tower into the Ace Hotel Los Angeles, the Bringing Back Broadway commission is working on further reviving the landmark Los Angeles boulevard in the historic district. A pedestrian-friendly project finished up in December 2014 that widened the sidewalks and replaced the lane with planters, chairs
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