Pakistan is one of nine states that possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan is not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan's arsenal is estimated at 170 nuclear weapons as of 2025. Pakistan
Pakistani ballistic missiles on display, including a Shaheen-I (center), and a Ghauri-I (right)
Bhutto in 1969. Pakistan began development of nuclear devices under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's leadership with a commitment to having the design of device ready by 1976–77 to avert further foreign threat from India.
Image showing uplift of granite mountains as a result of Chagai-I test.
The televised screen-shot of Chagai-I on 28 May 1998.
Chagai-I
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Chagai-I is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan on 28 May 1998 at 15:15 PKT. The tests were performed at Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai District of Balochis
Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
…to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan's arsenal is estimated at 170 nuclear weapons as of 2025. Pakistan carried out two nuclear tests, Chagai-I and Chagai-II, both in 1998 and underground. Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme began in 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto following…
PAEC's scientists chose sites at the high-altitude granite mountain ranges with extreme hot weather.
The PAEC weapon testing team at Koh Kambaran, with team leader Samar Mubarakmand (right of the man in the blue beret), Tariq Salija, Irfan Burney, and Tasneem Shah. The better known A. Q. Khan of Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) is left of the man in the blue beret (who may be General Zulfikar Ali).
Commemorative monument at the Faizabad Interchange in Islamabad